Adverbs
An adverb describes or gives extra information about a verb, adjective, adverb, or phrase.
Örnekler:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
The old, dark house gave me a bad feeling.
Yer Zarfları
Yer zarfları bize bir şeyin gerçekleştiği yeri söyler ve sıfatların veya zarfların anlamını değiştirmez.
Örnekler:
etrafında | downstairs | üzerinde |
yukarıda | doğu (vb) | dışarıda |
abroad | elsewhere | dışında |
herhangi bir yerde | far | üzerinde |
uzakta | burada | orada |
backwards (also backward) | indoors | altında |
Behind | içinde | yukarı |
aşağıda | yakın | upstairs |
aşağı | nearby | nerede |
dışında |
The suffixes "...wards" or "...ward" usually express movement in the specified direction.
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
Forward |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
The suffix "...where" is also used with some adverbs of place.
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
Herhangi bir yerde |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
Bir yerde |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
Everywhere |
I've looked everywhere for it. |
Zaman Zarfları
Bu zarflar bize bir şeyin ne zaman olduğunu söyler. Zaman zarfları ayrıca bir şeyin ne sıklıkta veya ne kadar süreyle gerçekleştiğini de söyler.
Örnekler:
Ne zaman zarfları | Ne sıklıkla zarfları | Ne kadar uzun zarfları |
---|---|---|
şimdi | bazen | ages |
sonra | her zaman | all day |
bugün | genellikle | since last month |
yarın | yearly | for several days |
bu gece | hourly | for many years |
günlük | since the '90s | |
infrequently | many hours |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
Durum Zarfları
Durum zarfları bize bir şeyin nasıl olduğunu söyler.
Örnekler:
angrily | badly | beautifully | calmingly |
carefully | cautiously | cleverly | dangerously |
eagerly | excitedly | foolishly | hızlı |
furiously | happily | greedily | zor |
hurriedly | kindly | nervously | politely |
quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet secretly hoped she wouldn't have to go to work.
He nervously played with his pen waiting to open the exam booklet.
The car was driving dangerously close to the sidewalk.
They quickly stopped talking when the teacher came in.
He stupidly forgot his car keys and had to go back.
Derece Zarfları
Derece zarfları bize bir şeyin ne derece veya ne ölçüde gerçekleştiğini anlatır. Bu tür zarflar fiilleri, sıfatları ve zarfları değiştirebilir.
Örnekler:
Really | Slowly | Fairly | Hızlıca |
Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
Fiilleri değiştiren zarflar:
He was slowly walking to the park.
They had done enough dancing for one night.
Jenna quickly hid the book behind her back.
Sıfatları değiştiren zarflar:
The kids were very kind to the lost dog.
The hotel ballroom was quite beautiful.
He was fairly happy at his new job.
Zarfları değiştiren zarflar:
She had learned to play chess very well.
The birds ate the seed quite quickly.
The game was really cleverly created.
Kesinlik Zarfları
Kesinlik zarfları, bir şey hakkında ne kadar emin olduğumuzu gösterir.
Örnekler:
Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
Sıfatlardan Zarflar Oluşturma
Çoğu zaman sıfatın sonuna "-ly" ekleyerek zarf oluşturabiliriz.
Replace the "y" with "i" and add "-ly" if the adjective ends in "y".
If the adjective ends in "-able", "-ible", or "-le", replace the "-e" with "-y".
If the adjective ends in "-ic", we add "-ally".
Sıfat | Zarf |
---|---|
happy | happily |
gentle | gently |
tragic | tragically |
yavaş | slowly |
İlgi Zarfları
İlgi zarfları, cümleleri veya yan cümleleri birleştirir. İlgi zarfları "ne zaman", "nerede" ve "neden" 'dir.
Do you know the reason why he is so upset?
The day when we will have the event is supposed to be sunny.
There is a beautiful library in the university where we met.
Soru Zarfları
We use interrogative adverbs "when", "where", "why" and "how" to form questions.
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?