Os mistérios da vida, morte e aparência de Cleópatra
the|mysteries|of the|life|death|and|appearance|of|Cleopatra
Los misterios de la vida, la muerte y la apariencia de Cleopatra
The mysteries of life, death, and the appearance of Cleopatra
Cleópatra, sedutora e irresistível. Não a real, mas a do cinema.
Cleopatra|seductive|and|irresistible|not|the|real|but|the|of the|cinema
Cleopatra, seductive and irresistible. Not the real one, but the one from the movies.
A versão mais famosa versão tinha olhos azuis e era representada pela também mitológica
the|version|most|famous|version|had|eyes|blue|and|was|represented|by the|also|mythological
The most famous version had blue eyes and was portrayed by the also mythical
Elizabeth Taylor. A Rainha mais famosa do Egito ganhou diversas
Elizabeth|Taylor|the|Queen|most|famous|of the|Egypt|won|several
Elizabeth Taylor. The most famous Queen of Egypt won several
representações no cinema e nas artes. A mais recente, da atriz israelense Gal Gadot,
representations|in the|cinema|and|in the|arts|the|most|recent|of the|actress|Israeli|Gal|Gadot
representations in cinema and the arts. The most recent, from Israeli actress Gal Gadot,
conhecida pelo filme Mulher Maravilha. Com o novo lançamento, Hollywood reacende
known|for the|film|Wonder|Woman|with|the|new|release|Hollywood|reignites
known for the film Wonder Woman. With the new release, Hollywood reignites
as especulações sobre a aparência e, principalmente, a personalidade de Cleópatra.
the|speculations|about|the|appearance|and|mainly|the|personality|of|Cleopatra
speculations about the appearance and, mainly, the personality of Cleopatra.
Eu sou Malu Cursino, da BBC News Brasil, e hoje eu vou compartilhar com vocês o que
I|am|Malu|Cursino|from the|BBC|News|Brazil|and|today|I|will|share|with|you|the|that
I am Malu Cursino, from BBC News Brazil, and today I will share with you what
se sabe sobre essa mulher poderosa, descrita pelos biógrafos como inteligente e astuta.
if|knows|about|this|woman|powerful|described|by the|biographers|as|intelligent|and|cunning
if you know about this powerful woman, described by biographers as intelligent and cunning.
Mas que, aos olhos dos inimigos e de alguns diretores de cinema, geralmente homens, foi
but|that|to the|eyes|of the|enemies|and|of|some|directors|of|cinema|generally|men|was
But, in the eyes of her enemies and some film directors, usually men, she was
retratada como uma sedutora de beleza estonteante.
portrayed|as|a|seductress|of|beauty|stunning
portrayed as a seductress of stunning beauty.
De fato, a vida de Cleópatra é digna de deixar a gente grudado na tela e na poltrona.
of|fact|the|life|of|Cleopatra|is|worthy|of|to leave|the|people|glued|on the|screen|and|on the|armchair
||||||||||||pegado|||||
Indeed, Cleopatra's life is worthy of keeping us glued to the screen and in our seats.
As alianças militares que ela costurou puseram o maior império do seu tempo, o Romano, a
the|alliances|military|that|she|she sewed|they put|the|greatest|empire|of the|her|time|the|Roman|to
The military alliances she forged placed the greatest empire of her time, the Roman, at
seu lado. E permitiram a ela governar o Egito com estabilidade
||and|they allowed|to|her|to govern|the|Egypt|with|stability
her side. And allowed her to govern Egypt with stability
por mais de duas décadas. Sem falar que a morte de Cleópatra é um
for|more|than|two|decades|||||||||
for more than two decades. Not to mention that Cleopatra's death is one of
dos maiores enigmas da História, cuja solução pode estar no fundo do Mar Mediterrâneo,
of the|greatest|enigmas|of the|History|whose|solution|can|to be|in the|bottom|of the|Sea|Mediterranean
the greatest enigmas in History, whose solution may lie at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea,
nos resquícios submersos de Alexandria.
in the|remnants|submerged|of|Alexandria
in the submerged remnants of Alexandria.
Mas vamos do começo. Para entender Cleópatra, é preciso observar
but|let's go|from the|beginning|to|understand|Cleopatra|it is|necessary|to observe
But let's start from the beginning. To understand Cleopatra, one must observe
o Egito nos séculos anteriores ao nascimento de Cristo.
the|Egypt|in the|centuries|previous|to the|birth|of|Christ
Egypt in the centuries before the birth of Christ.
Um tempo de confrontos de proporções bíblicas, quando permanecer no trono poderia ser uma
a|time|of|confrontations|of|proportions|biblical|when|to remain|on the|throne|could be||a
A time of confrontations of biblical proportions, when staying on the throne could be a
questão de vida ou morte – mais precisamente, assassinato.
question|of|life|or|death|more|precisely|murder
a matter of life or death – more precisely, murder.
Em 332 antes de Cristo, Alexandre o Grande liderou tropas macedônias e gregas numa batalha
in|before|of|Christ|Alexander|the|Great|he led|troops|Macedonian|and|Greek|in a|battle
In 332 BC, Alexander the Great led Macedonian and Greek troops in a battle
que libertou os egípcios do domínio dos persas e os colocou, claro, sobre o domínio
that|he freed|the|Egyptians|from the|domination|of the|Persians|and|the|he placed|of course|under|the|domination
that freed the Egyptians from Persian rule and placed them, of course, under the rule
do conquistador. Alexandria passou a ser a capital do Egito.
of the|||||||||Egypt
of the conqueror. Alexandria became the capital of Egypt.
Mas, com a morte de Alexandre cerca de 10 anos depois, seu reino foi dividido. A posição
but|with|the|death|of|Alexander|around|of|years|later|his|kingdom|was|divided|the|position
But, with the death of Alexander about 10 years later, his kingdom was divided. The position
de governante do Egito foi reivindicada por Ptolomeu 1º, filho de um nobre da Macedônia.
of|ruler|of the|Egypt|was|claimed|by|Ptolemy|1st|son|of|a|noble|from the|Macedonia
of ruler of Egypt was claimed by Ptolemy I, son of a noble from Macedonia.
Assim começa a dinastia ptolomaica. A partir dali, durante três séculos, o país
thus|begins|the|dynasty|Ptolemaic|the|starting|from there|during|three|centuries|the|country
Thus begins the Ptolemaic dynasty. From then on, for three centuries, the country
seria governado pelos descendentes de Ptolomeu 1º.
would be|governed|by the|descendants|of|Ptolemy|1st
would be governed by the descendants of Ptolemy I.
Justamente o caso do pai de de Cleopatra, o faraó Ptolomeu 12, e, finalmente, da própria
precisely|the|case|of the|father|of||Cleopatra|the|pharaoh|Ptolemy|and|finally|of the|own
Just the case of Cleopatra's father, Pharaoh Ptolemy 12, and finally, of the queen herself,
rainha, a última da dinastia, mais de 300 anos depois da invasão de Alexandre o Grande.
queen|the|last|of the|dynasty|more|than|years|after|of the|invasion|of|Alexander|the|Great
the last of the dynasty, more than 300 years after the invasion of Alexander the Great.
Nestes três séculos, o Egito se tornaria um dos reinados mais poderosos do mundo.
in these|three|centuries|the|Egypt|itself|would become|one|of the|reigns|most|powerful|of the|world
In these three centuries, Egypt would become one of the most powerful kingdoms in the world.
E logo seria cobiçado por um novo e gigantesco poder: a República e, depois, o Império
and|soon|would be|coveted|by|a|new|and|gigantic|power|the|Republic|and|later|the|Empire
And soon it would be coveted by a new and gigantic power: the Republic and, later, the Empire.
Romano. E aí é que, segundo biógrafos, entra a
Roman|and|there|is|that|according to|biographers|enters|the
Roman. And this is where, according to biographers, Cleopatra's political ability comes in, something that the films depicting her in the past have always
capacidade política de Cleópatra, algo que os filmes que a retrataram no passado sempre
capacity|political|of|Cleopatra|something|that|the|films|that|her|portrayed|in|past|always
left in the background. When Cleopatra's father, Ptolemy 12, died,
deixaram em segundo plano. Quando o pai de Cleópatra, Ptolomeu 12, morreu,
left|in|second|plan|||||||
women could not rule without having a man by their side.
as mulheres não podiam governar sem ter um homem ao lado.
the|women|not|could|govern|without|having|a|man|at|side
A solução encontrada foi casar Cleópatra, que já era co-regente do pai, e tinha 18
the|solution|found|was|to marry|Cleopatra|who|already|was|||of the|father|and|had
The solution found was to marry Cleopatra, who was already co-regent with her father, and was 18
anos. E ela se casou com o irmão, Ptolomeu 13, de dez anos. Mas o irmãozinho cresceu.
years|and|she|herself|married|with|the|brother|Ptolemy|of|ten|years|but|the|little brother|grew
years old. And she married her brother, Ptolemy 13, who was ten years old. But the little brother grew up.
Ptolomeu 13 conspirou contra a irmã para tirá-la do poder.
Ptolemy|conspired|against|the|sister|to|take||from the|power
Ptolemy 13 conspired against his sister to take her out of power.
Cleópatra foi obrigada a se exilar na Síria, então sob domínio Romano.
Cleopatra|was|forced|to|herself|to exile|in the|Syria|then|under|rule|Roman
Cleopatra was forced to exile in Syria, which was then under Roman control.
A rainha deposta juntou um exército de mercenários e declarou guerra ao irmão.
the|queen|deposed|she gathered|a|army|of|mercenaries|and|she declared|war|to the|brother
The deposed queen gathered an army of mercenaries and declared war on her brother.
E curiosamente, Roma também vivia uma batalha interna por poder, entre Júlio César e Pompeu.
and|curiously|Rome|also|she lived|a|battle|internal|for|power|between|Julius|Caesar|and|Pompey
And interestingly, Rome was also experiencing an internal power struggle between Julius Caesar and Pompey.
Praticamente derrotado, Pompeu foi ao Egito em busca do apoio de Ptolomeu 13, mas o irmão
practically|defeated|Pompey|he went|to the|Egypt|in|search|for the|support|of|Ptolemy|but|the|brother
Practically defeated, Pompey went to Egypt seeking the support of Ptolemy 13, but Cleopatra's brother
de Cleópatra tinha sido aconselhado a matá-lo para agradar Júlio César.
of|Cleopatra|he had|been|advised|to|||to|please|Julius|Caesar
had been advised to kill him to please Julius Caesar.
A estratégia acabou tendo o efeito inverso. Júlio César ficou furioso ao saber do assassinato
the|strategy|ended up|having|the|effect|opposite|Julius|Caesar|became|furious|upon|learning|of the|murder
The strategy ended up having the opposite effect. Julius Caesar was furious to learn of the assassination
do rival. Como consequência, o general romano foi para
of the|rival|as|consequence|the|general|Roman|went|to
of his rival. As a consequence, the Roman general went to
o Egito e restabeleceu o poder de Cleópatra. Ptolomeu 13 também acabou morto.
the|Egypt|and|restored|the|power|of|Cleopatra|Ptolemy|also|ended|dead
Egypt and restored Cleopatra's power. Ptolemy 13 also ended up dead.
Graças a sua aliança com Júlio César e Roma, a posição de Cleópatra no comando
thanks|to|her|alliance|with|Julius|Caesar|and|Rome|the|position|of|Cleopatra|in the|command
Thanks to her alliance with Julius Caesar and Rome, Cleopatra's position in command
do país estava mais sólida. Segundo alguns historiadores, a rainha consolidou
of|country|was|more|solid|according to|some|historians|the|queen|consolidated
the country's foundation was more solid. According to some historians, the queen consolidated
sua popularidade no Egito falando e se vestindo como uma egípcia enquanto cumpria suas obrigações
her|popularity|in the|Egypt|speaking|and|herself|dressing|like|a|Egyptian|while|fulfilling|her|obligations
her popularity in Egypt by speaking and dressing like an Egyptian while fulfilling her duties
oficiais, mas voltava ao grego no ambiente privado.
official|but|she returned|to the|Greek|in the|environment|private
officially, but she would revert to Greek in private.
Cleópatra e Júlio César se aproximaram amorosamente e passaram nove meses juntos
Cleopatra|and|Julius|Caesar|themselves|they got closer|romantically|and|they spent|nine|months|together
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar grew close romantically and spent nine months together.
em Alexandria, época em que ela engravidou. Cesarião nasceria em 47 a.C, mas nunca foi
in|Alexandria|time|in|which|she|got pregnant|Cesarean|would be born|in|||but|never|was
in Alexandria, the time when she became pregnant. Cesarião would be born in 47 BC, but was never
assumido publicamente por Julio Cesar. Pra vocês verem como histórias de pais não
acknowledged|publicly|by|Julius|Caesar|for|you|to see|how|stories|of|fathers|not
publicly acknowledged by Julius Caesar. Just to show you how stories of fathers not
assumirem filho vêm de longe. Cleópatra foi com Júlio César para Roma.Mas
|||||Cleopatra|she went|with|Julius|Caesar|to|Rome|but
acknowledging their children go way back. Cleopatra went to Rome with Julius Caesar. But
quando ele foi assassinado por um grupo de senadores da República, em 44 antes de Cristo,
when|he|was|assassinated|by|a|group|of|senators|of the|Republic|in|before|of|Christ
when he was assassinated by a group of senators of the Republic, in 44 BC,
ela voltou para o Egito, onde matou o irmão mais novo, Ptolomeu 14, para governar o país
she|returned|to|the|Egypt|where|killed|the|brother|younger|younger|Ptolemy|to|govern|the|country
she returned to Egypt, where she killed her younger brother, Ptolemy 14, to rule the country
ao lado do filho, Cesarião. A morte de Júlio César desencadeou uma nova
next to|side|of the|son|Caesarion|the|death|of|Julius|Caesar|triggered|a|new
alongside her son, Caesarion. The death of Julius Caesar triggered a new
disputa de bastidores pelo comando da República Romana que duraria anos. Em especial, entre
dispute|of|behind the scenes|for the|command|of the|Republic|Roman|that|would last|years|In|particular|between
behind-the-scenes struggle for control of the Roman Republic that would last for years. In particular, between
o general Marco Antônio e o filho adotado de Júlio César, Otaviano.
the|general|Mark|Antony|and|the|son|adopted|of|Julius|Caesar|Octavian
General Mark Antony and Julius Caesar's adopted son, Octavian.
Três anos depois do assassinato de Julio Cesar, Cleópatra de Marco Antônio firmaram
three|years|after|the|assassination|of|Julio|Caesar|Cleopatra|of|Marco|Antony|they established
Three years after the assassination of Julius Caesar, Cleopatra and Mark Antony formed
uma aliança política e amorosa. Eles tiveram três filhos e viveram juntos no Egito por
a|alliance|political|and|romantic|they|they had|three|children|and|they lived|together|in the|Egypt|for
a political and romantic alliance. They had three children and lived together in Egypt for
dez anos. Foi quando Cleópatra cometeu o que seus biógrafos
ten|years|it was|when|Cleopatra|she committed|the|what|her|biographers
ten years. It was then that Cleopatra made what her biographers
enxergam como o grande erro estratégico de sua vida. Ela juntou as tropas egípcias ao
they see|as|the|great|mistake|strategic|of|her|life|she|she joined|the|troops|Egyptian|to the
see as the great strategic mistake of her life. She joined the Egyptian troops to
exército de Marco Antônio. Ajudou o amado em batalhas, como na ocupação da Armênia.
army|of|Marco|Antonio|helped|the|beloved|in|battles|like|in the|occupation|of the|Armenia
the army of Mark Antony. She helped her beloved in battles, such as the occupation of Armenia.
Juntos, elaboraram um testamento para que os filhos de Cleópatra herdassem porções
Together|they elaborated|a|will|for|that|the|children|of|Cleopatra|they inherited|portions
||||||||||heredaran|
Together, they drafted a will so that Cleopatra's children would inherit portions
da República Romana. Mas o plano foi descoberto por Otaviano. Começou mais uma guerra civil,
of the|Republic|Roman|But|the|plan|was|discovered|by|Octavian|started|another|a|war|civil
of the Roman Republic. But the plan was discovered by Octavian. Another civil war began,
chamada A Última Guerra da República Romana (Explosão)
called|The|Last|War|of the|Republic|Roman|Explosion
called The Last War of the Roman Republic (Explosion)
Cleópatra e Marco Antônio foram derrotados na épica Batalha de Ácio, quando mais de
Cleopatra|and|Mark|Antony|they were|defeated|in the|epic|Battle|of|Actium|when|more|than
Cleopatra and Mark Antony were defeated in the epic Battle of Actium, when more than
200 navios foram afundados e mais de cinco mil homens morreram.
||sunk|and||of||||
200 ships were sunk and over five thousand men died.
Marco Antônio e Cleópatra voltaram para o Egito e, cerca de um ano depois, Otaviano
|||||||||||one|||
Mark Antony and Cleopatra returned to Egypt and, about a year later, Octavian
invadiria o país africano. É aí que surge um dos grandes enigmas em
would invade||||||||||||
would invade the African country. This is where one of the great enigmas arises in
torno da rainha egípcia. Sua morte. Enquanto Cleópatra se escondia em seu mausoléu,
around|the|queen|Egyptian|her|death|while|Cleopatra|herself|was hiding|in|her|mausoleum
around the Egyptian queen. Her death. While Cleopatra was hiding in her mausoleum,
Marco Antônio partiu para sua última batalha. Mas foi novamente derrotado por Otaviano.
Mark|Antony|he left|for|his|last|battle|but|he was|again|defeated|by|Octavian
Mark Antony set out for his last battle. But he was again defeated by Octavian.
Segundo Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones, professor de História Antiga na Universidade de Cardiff,
according to|Lloyd|Llewellyn||professor|of|History|Ancient|at the|University|of|Cardiff
According to Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones, a professor of Ancient History at Cardiff University,
no País de Gales, o general romano, derrotado, se jogou sobre a própria espada ao receber
in the|country|of|Wales|the|general|Roman|defeated|himself|he threw|on|the|own|sword|upon|receiving
|||||||||se lanzó||||||
in Wales, the defeated Roman general threw himself on his own sword upon receiving
falsas notícias de que a rainha do Egito tinha morrido.
false|news|that|that|the|queen|of the|Egypt|had|died
false news that the queen of Egypt had died.
Mas Cleópatra estava viva, escondida. Quando viu o amante morto, a rainha soube que logo
but|Cleopatra|was|alive|hidden|when|she saw|the|lover|dead|the|queen|she knew|that|soon
But Cleopatra was alive, hiding. When she saw her dead lover, the queen knew that soon
estaria sob domínio romano. Cercada por suntuosas pérolas, ouro, prata e inúmeros tesouros,
she would be|under|control|Roman|surrounded|by|sumptuous|pearls|gold|silver|and|countless|treasures
she would be under Roman control. Surrounded by sumptuous pearls, gold, silver, and countless treasures,
também cometeu suicídio. Com a morte de Cleópatra, o Egito viraria domínio do Império
also|she committed|suicide|with|the|death|of|Cleopatra|the|Egypt|it would become|domain|of the|Empire
she also committed suicide. With Cleopatra's death, Egypt would become a domain of the Empire.
Romano, que se formava sob liderança de Otaviano e varria grandes porções de Europa, África
Roman|who|himself|was forming|under|leadership|of|Octavian|and|was sweeping|large|portions|of|Europe|Africa
|||||||||barrió|||||
Rome, which was formed under the leadership of Octavian and swept across large portions of Europe, Africa
e Ásia. Para o Egito, era o fim da influência grega
||to|the|Egypt|it was|the|end|of the|influence|Greek
and Asia. For Egypt, it was the end of Greek influence
iniciada por Alexandre O Grande. Mas a professora Joyce Tyldesley, professora
initiated|by|Alexander|the|Great||||Joyce|Tyldesley|
that had begun with Alexander the Great. But Professor Joyce Tyldesley, a professor
de egiptologia da Universidade de Manchester e autora de Cleópatra: A Última Rainha do
of|Egyptology|at the|University|of|Manchester|and|author|of|Cleopatra|The|Last|Queen|of the
of Egyptology at the University of Manchester and author of Cleopatra: The Last Queen of
Egito, conta que “não existem evidências para dizer como Cleópatra morreu”.
Egypt|he/she tells|that|not|there are|evidence|to|say|how|Cleopatra|she died
Egypt states that "there is no evidence to say how Cleopatra died."
“Um relato menciona uma cobra. Mas cobras estão ligadas à realeza egípcia, então
a|account|it mentions|a|snake|but|snakes|they are|linked|to the|royalty|Egyptian|so
"One account mentions a snake. But snakes are associated with Egyptian royalty, so
poderia ser simplesmente um caso de imprecisão"
it could|be|simply|a|case|of|inaccuracy
it could simply be a case of inaccuracy."
E a exemplo das dezenas de representações da sua morte, o rosto da mais famosa rainha
and|the|example|of the|dozens|of|representations|of the|her|death|the|face|of the|most|famous|queen
And like the dozens of representations of her death, the face of the most famous queen
do Egito sempre ficou na imaginação – algo que o cinema reforçou.
of|Egypt|always|remained|in the|imagination|something|that|the|cinema|reinforced
Egypt has always remained in the imagination - something that cinema has reinforced.
Essa representação incerta da Cleópatra também teve muito a ver com fato de ela ter
this|representation|uncertain|of the|Cleopatra|also|had|much|to|to do|with|fact|of|she|to have
This uncertain representation of Cleopatra also had a lot to do with the fact that she had
sido derrotada pelos romanos que, em seguida, contariam a história dela.
been|defeated|by the|Romans|that|in|following|they would tell|the|story|of her
been defeated by the Romans who would then tell her story.
E, para além da aparência, sua personalidade foi objeto de, por que não dizer, especulação
and|for|beyond|the|appearance|her|personality|was|object|of|for|that|not|to say|speculation
And, beyond appearance, her personality was the subject of, why not say, speculation.
e até mesmo ficção. Segundo egiptólogos, os escritores romanos
and|even|same|fiction|according to|Egyptologists|the|writers|Roman
and even fiction. According to Egyptologists, Roman writers
criaram um mito em torno de Cleópatra, às vezes associando uma mulher que se relacionou
they created|a|myth|in|around|of|Cleopatra|to the|sometimes|associating|a|woman|that|herself|she related
created a myth around Cleopatra, sometimes associating a woman who was involved
com apenas dois homens à devassidão. Eles também apagaram algo importante da história
|||||debauchery|they|also|they erased|something|important|from the|history
|||||devassidão|||||||
with only two men with promiscuity. They also erased something important from the history
da rainha: a inteligência. Por outro lado, historiadores muçulmanos
||||for|other|side|historians|Muslim
of the queen: intelligence. On the other hand, Muslim historians
construíram outra imagem de Cleópatra com bases em registros locais, acessados após
they built|another|image|of|Cleopatra|with|bases|on|records|local|accessed|after
||||||||||accedidos|
they built another image of Cleopatra based on local records, accessed after
a conquista árabe do Egito por volta de 640 depois de Cristo.
the|conquest|Arab|of the|Egypt|around|around|of|after|of|Christ
the Arab conquest of Egypt around 640 AD.
Segundo esses estudiosos, a rainha egípcia era erudita, cientista, filósofa e uma política
according to|these|scholars|the|queen|Egyptian|she was|learned|scientist|philosopher|and|a|politician
According to these scholars, the Egyptian queen was learned, a scientist, a philosopher, and a shrewd politician.
astuta. Ao morrer, Cleópatra tinha 39 anos.
clever|upon|dying|Cleopatra|she was|years
When she died, Cleopatra was 39 years old.
Foi mumificada e enterrada ao lado de Marco Antônio, com quem viveu por 11 anos.
was|mummified|and|buried|next|side|of|Marco|Antonio|with|whom|lived|for|years
She was mummified and buried next to Mark Antony, with whom she lived for 11 years.
Só que a localização do túmulo é outro enigma que até hoje não foi desvendado.
only|that|the|location|of the|tomb|is|another|enigma|that|until|today|not|was|solved
||||||||||||||desvelado
However, the location of the tomb is another enigma that has not yet been solved.
A suspeita é de que estejam enterrados em Alexandria.
the|suspicion|is|that|that|they are|buried|in|Alexandria
The suspicion is that they are buried in Alexandria.
O problema é que a região se tornou cada vez mais difícil de ser estudada, já que
the|problem|is|that|the|region|itself|became|each|time|more|difficult|to|be|studied|already|that
The problem is that the region has become increasingly difficult to study, since
a maior parte da cidade hoje está submersa. Sem os restos mortais, é difícil saber ao
the|biggest|part|of the|city|today|is|submerged|||remains|||||
most of the city is submerged today. Without the remains, it is difficult to know for sure how the queen looked.
certo como era a aparência da rainha. O curioso é que o Egito também era marcado
certain|how|was|the|appearance|of the|queen|||||||||
The curious thing is that Egypt was also marked by the mixture of peoples from the region.
pela mistura de povos da região. O que abre uma guerra de versões sobre a origem de Cleópatra,
||||||the|that||||||||||
This opens a war of versions about Cleopatra's origin,
que, é bom que você saiba, muito provavelmente não tinha a ver com a imagem construída
which, it is good for you to know, most likely had nothing to do with the constructed image.
na pintura e, depois, no cinema. Mas afinal, ela era egípcia, grega ou macedônia?
in the|painting|and|later|in the|cinema|but|after all|she|was|Egyptian|Greek|or|Macedonian
in painting and then in cinema. But after all, was she Egyptian, Greek, or Macedonian?
Após anos de escavações em Éfeso, na Turquia, pesquisadores acharam uma ossada de mulher
after|years|of|excavations|in|Ephesus|in the|Turkey|researchers|found|a|remains|of|woman
After years of excavations in Ephesus, Turkey, researchers found a female skeleton
em uma tumba de mais de dois mil anos. Depois de analisar esses restos mortais, estudiosos
in|a|tomb|of|more|than|two|thousand|years|after|of|analyzing|these|remains|mortal|scholars
in a tomb over two thousand years old. After analyzing these remains, scholars
da Academia Austríaca de Ciências sugeriram que o esqueleto seria da princesa Arsinoe,
of the|Academy|Austrian|of|Sciences|suggested|that|the|skeleton|would be|of the|princess|Arsinoe
from the Austrian Academy of Sciences suggested that the skeleton could belong to Princess Arsinoe,
irmã de Cleópatra. Arsinoe tramou contra a rainha e acabou no
sister|of|Cleopatra|Arsinoe|plotted|against|the|queen|and|ended|in
sister of Cleopatra. Arsinoe plotted against the queen and ended up in
exílio, na Turquia. As evidências obtidas pelo estudo das dimensões
exile|in the|Turkey|||obtained||||dimensions
exile, in Turkey. The evidence obtained from the study of the dimensions
do crânio de Arsinoe indicam que ela tem características de brancos europeus, antigos
of the|skull|of|Arsinoe|indicate|that|she|has|characteristics|of|white|Europeans|ancient
of Arsinoe's skull indicates that she has characteristics of white Europeans, ancient
egípcios e africanos negros, indicando que Cleópatra provavelmente também era de origem
Egyptians|and|Africans|black|indicating|that|Cleopatra|probably|also|was|of|origin
Egyptians, and black Africans, suggesting that Cleopatra was likely also of origin
étnica mista. A mãe de Arsinoe seria de origem africana.
ethnic|mixed|the|mother|of|Arsinoe|would be|of|origin|African
mixed ethnicity. Arsinoe's mother would be of African origin.
Em seguida, a pedido da BBC, a Universidade de Dundee, na Escócia, reconstituiu a face
In|following|the|request|from the|BBC|the|University|of|Dundee|in the|Scotland|reconstructed|the|face
Next, at the request of the BBC, the University of Dundee in Scotland reconstructed the face
de Arsinoe com base no esqueleto achado na Turquia.
of|Arsinoe|with|basis|on the|skeleton|found|in the|Turkey
||||||encontrado||
of Arsinoe based on the skeleton found in Turkey.
E veja só como seria a irmã de Cleópatra. Ainda assim, há incertezas sobre a ancestralidade
And|see|only|how|would be|the|sister|of|Cleopatra|still|thus|there are|uncertainties|about|the|ancestry
And look how Cleopatra's sister would have looked. Still, there are uncertainties about the ancestry.
de Cleópatra. E você deve se perguntar por que isso é
of|Cleopatra|and|you|must|reflexive pronoun|to ask|for|that|this|is
of Cleopatra. And you must be wondering why this is
tão importante. Segundo Maria Wyke, professora de latim da
so|important|according to|Maria|Wyke|professor|of|Latin|from the
so important. According to Maria Wyke, a professor of Latin at
University College, de Londres, existe uma grande disputa para determinar Cleópatra
University|College|of|London|there exists|a|great|dispute|to|to determine|Cleopatra
University College, London, there is a great dispute to determine Cleopatra
como egípcia. Maria Wyke diz que no século 19 havia um
as|Egyptian|Maria|Wyke|says|that|in the|century|there was|
as Egyptian. Maria Wyke says that in the 19th century there was a
debate sobre se ela tinha sangue egípcio, em parte porque há tão pouca informação,
debate|about|if|she|had|blood|Egyptian|in|part|because|there is|so|little|information
debate about whether she had Egyptian blood, partly because there is so little information,
se é que há alguma, sobre sua mãe ou sua avó.
if|is|that|there is|any|about|her|mother|or|her|grandmother
if there is any, about her mother or her grandmother.
Mas no final do século 20, a questão não era se Cleópatra era egípcia no sentido
but|in the|end|of the|century|the|question|not|was|if|Cleopatra|was|Egyptian|in the|sense
But at the end of the 20th century, the question was not whether Cleopatra was Egyptian in the sense
genético, mas se ela era negra. Ou seja, será que além de apagarem a inteligência
||||||or|that is||that|besides|of|erasing|the|intelligence
genetic, but whether she was black. In other words, did they erase not only her intelligence
da rainha, apagaram também sua negritude? Segundo a professora, "principalmente na década
of the|queen|they erased|also|her|blackness||||||
|||||negritud||||||
of the queen, did they also erase her blackness? According to the professor, "especially in the 1990s, with the rise of Afrocentrism having Egypt as a starting point, Cleopatra
de 1990, com o avanço do afrocentrismo tendo o Egito como ponto de partida, Cleópatra
of|with|the|advance|of the|Afrocentrism|having|the|Egypt|as|point|of|departure|Cleopatra
became the embodiment of a powerful woman at the origin of African history.
se tornou a personificação de uma mulher poderosa na origem da história africana.
herself|she became|the|personification|of|a|woman|powerful|in the|origin|of the|history|African
Therefore, claiming Cleopatra as black, whether having a historical basis or not, is irrelevant.
Portanto, reivindicar Cleópatra como negra tendo uma base histórica ou não é irrelevante.
therefore|to claim|Cleopatra|as|black|having|a|basis|historical|or|not|is|irrelevant
Uma Cleópatra negra se torna um importante contra-ataque aos preconceitos de gênero
a|Cleopatra|black|herself|becomes|a|important|||to the|prejudices|of|gender
A black Cleopatra becomes an important counterattack against gender
e raça e à apropriação de Cleópatra feita pelo homem branco do mundo ocidental ao longo
and|race|and|to the|appropriation|of|Cleopatra|made|by the|man|white|of the|world|western|over the|long
and race prejudices and the appropriation of Cleopatra by the white man of the western world over the years.
do tempo". Em 2009, a arqueóloga e egiptóloga britânica
of the|time|in|the|archaeologist|and|Egyptologist|British
In 2009, British archaeologist and Egyptologist
Sally Ann Ashton utilizou imagens gravadas em artefatos antigos para compor o rosto da
Sally|Ann|Ashton|||recorded||artifacts||||||
Sally Ann Ashton used images recorded on ancient artifacts to compose the face of the
rainha egípcia. O rosto recriado pela egiptóloga com base
queen|Egyptian||face|recreated||||
Egyptian queen. The face recreated by the Egyptologist based
em moedas e em um anel indica uma mulher de etnia mista, com traços egípcios e da sua
|coins||||ring|||||ethnicity||with|features||||her
on coins and a ring indicates a woman of mixed ethnicity, with Egyptian features and her
herança grega. A coisa fica ainda mais complexa se a gente
Greek heritage. The situation becomes even more complex if we
considerar que a própria Cleópatra, segundo estudiosos, fazia uso político de sua identidade,
consider|that|the|own|Cleopatra|according to|scholars|she made|use|political|of|her|identity
consider that Cleopatra herself, according to scholars, politically leveraged her identity,
de sua origem, de sua imagem. Segundo Joyce Tyldesley, autora de Cleópatra:
of|her|origin|of|her|image|according to|Joyce|Tyldesley|author|of|Cleopatra
of her origin, of her image. According to Joyce Tyldesley, author of Cleopatra:
A Última Rainha do Egito, a rainha egípcia "manipulou a religião egípcia para que fosse
||||||||manipulated|||||that|
The Last Queen of Egypt, the Egyptian queen "manipulated Egyptian religion so that it would be
vista como uma encarnação viva da deusa Ísis, o que lhe permitiu consolidar completamente
|||incarnation|||goddess|Isis|||||consolidate|
seen as a living incarnation of the goddess Isis, which allowed her to fully consolidate
sua posição de poder". A BBC perguntou à autora da biografia se
||||the|BBC|asked|to the|author|of the|biography|if
her position of power." The BBC asked the author of the biography if
Cleópatra se considerava egípcia. Joyce Tyldesley foi enfática: "Ela era uma
Cleopatra|herself|considered|Egyptian||||emphatic|||
Cleopatra considered herself Egyptian. Joyce Tyldesley was emphatic: "She was a
rainha do Egito. O que mais ela teria se considerado? Seu pai era um rei do Egito, uma de suas irmãs
queen|of|Egypt|what|that|more|she|would have|herself|considered|||||||||||sisters
queen of Egypt. What else would she have considered herself? Her father was a king of Egypt, one of her sisters
tinha sido rainha. Acho que ela teria se considerado uma egípcia, ainda que não fosse uma egípcia
had|been|queen|I think|that|she|would have|herself|considered|an|Egyptian|still|that|not|was|an|Egyptian
had been queen. I think she would have considered herself an Egyptian, even though she was not a native Egyptian,
nativa, mas uma egípcia grega." De acordo com a biógrafa, Cleópatra estava
|||||according to|agreement|with|the|biographer|Cleopatra|was
but a Greek Egyptian." According to the biographer, Cleopatra was
começando a usar a cultura egípcia, especialmente em termos de religião, para se promover e
starting|to|use|the|culture|Egyptian|especially|in|terms|of|religion|to|herself|promote|and
starting to use Egyptian culture, especially in terms of religion, to promote herself and
se popularizar. Ainda segundo a biógrafa, Cleópatra não
||still|according to|the|biographer|Cleopatra|not
to become popular. According to the biographer, Cleopatra was not
era essa mulher sedutora glamorosa encarnada no cinema por Claudette Colbert ou Elizabeth
was|this|woman|seductive|glamorous|embodied|in|cinema|by|Claudette|Colbert|or|Elizabeth
this glamorous seductive woman embodied in cinema by Claudette Colbert or Elizabeth
Taylor em filmes dirigidos por homens. E não existem evidências de que ela tenha
|||directed|||and|not|there are|evidence|that|that|she|has
Taylor in films directed by men. And there is no evidence that she ever
tido mais do que dois parceiros sexuais: Júlio César, a quem foi fiel até ele morrer, e
had|more|than|that|two|partners|sexual|Julius|Caesar|to|whom|was|faithful|until|he|to die|and
had more than two sexual partners: Julius Caesar, to whom she was faithful until he died, and
Marco Antônio. Joyce Tyldesley lembra que, se considerarmos
Mark|Antony|Joyce|Tyldesley|remembers|that|if|we consider
Mark Antony. Joyce Tyldesley reminds us that, if we consider
as moedas com a efígie dela como mais realistas, Cleópatra não era particularmente bonita.
||||effigy||||realistic|Cleopatra|not|was|particularly|beautiful
the coins with her effigy as more realistic, Cleopatra was not particularly beautiful.
Mas um retrato de moeda é preciso? Depende da habilidade da pessoa que faz a moeda, que
but|a|portrait|of|coin|is|accurate|depends|on the|skill|of the|person|who|makes|the|coin|
But is a coin portrait accurate? It depends on the skill of the person who makes the coin, which
pode não ter visto a rainha de verdade, e também do que ela queria retratar.
may|not|to have|seen|the|queen|of|truth|and|also|of|that|she|wanted|to portray
she may not have seen the queen for real, and also what she wanted to portray.
Cleópatra pode ter desejado não parecer delicada e bonita, e pode ter buscado mostrar
Cleopatra|may|to have|desired|not|to seem|delicate|and|beautiful|and|may|to have|sought|to show
Cleopatra may have wished not to appear delicate and beautiful, and may have sought to show
poder acima de tudo. Então, talvez, seja o caso de, mais do que
power|above|of|all|so|perhaps|it is|the|case|of|more|than|that
power above all. So, perhaps, it is a matter of, more than
analisar a rainha por seus atributos físicos, observá-la por seus feitos políticos.
to analyze|the|queen|for|her|attributes|physical|observe||for|her|deeds|political
analyzing the queen by her physical attributes, observing her by her political deeds.
Ela governou por mais de 20 anos e conseguiu adiar o domínio romano sobre o Egito, uma
she|ruled|for|more|than|years|and|managed|to delay|the|domination|Roman|over|the|Egypt|a
She ruled for over 20 years and managed to delay Roman domination over Egypt, a
ameaça durante todo seu reinado. Além disso, assumiu um país que estava na
threat|during|entire|her|reign|besides|that|she took over|a|country|that|was|in the
threat throughout her reign. In addition, she took over a country that was in
pobreza e o levou a se recuperar economicamente.
poverty|and|it|she led|to|itself|to recover|economically
poverty and led it to recover economically.
Ao anunciar sua participação no novo filme sobre Cleópatra, Gal Gadot fez um tuíte
upon|announcing|her|participation|in the|new|movie|about|Cleopatra|Gal|Gadot|she made|a|tweet
When announcing her participation in the new film about Cleopatra, Gal Gadot made a tweet
celebrando a produção. A atriz afirma que pela primeira vez a história
celebrating|the|production||actress|||||||
celebrating the production. The actress states that for the first time the story
de Cleópatra seria contada por mulheres, sob o comando da diretora Petty Jenkins, a
of|Cleopatra|would be|told|by|women|under|the|direction|of the|director|Petty|Jenkins|the
of Cleopatra would be told by women, under the direction of Petty Jenkins, the
mesma de Mulher Maravilha.
same|of|Woman|Wonder
same as Wonder Woman.
“Esperamos que mulheres e meninas de todo o mundo que gostariam de contar histórias
we hope|that|women|and|girls|from|all|the|world|that|they would like|to|tell|stories
"We hope that women and girls from all over the world who would like to tell stories
jamais abram mão de seus sonhos e façam suas vozes serem ouvidas por outras mulheres”,
never|they open|hand|of|your|dreams|and|they make|your|voices|to be|heard|by|other|women
never give up on your dreams and make your voices heard by other women,
disse ela.
said|she
she said.
Mas os comentários abaixo mostraram que muitas destas mulheres a que se referiu a atriz israelense
but|the|comments|below|showed|that|many|these|women|to|that|themselves|referred|to|actress|Israeli
But the comments below showed that many of the women referred to by the Israeli actress
esperavam ver uma pessoa negra no papel. “Amo seu trabalho como atriz, mas este papel
they expected|to see|a|person|black|in the|role|I love|your|work|as|actress|but|this|role
expected to see a black person in the role. "I love your work as an actress, but this role
pertence a uma negra”, disse uma seguidora. Esta outra tuitou: “Pelos olhos de uma mulher
belongs|to|a|black|said|a|follower|this|another|tweeted|through|eyes|of|a|woman
"belongs to a black woman," said a follower. This other one tweeted: "Through the eyes of a white woman
branca e da branca Hollywood, como sempre”. Mas uma coisa é indiscutível: mais de dois
white|and|of the|white|Hollywood|as|always|||||undeniable|||
|||blanca|||||||||||
and white Hollywood, as always." But one thing is indisputable: more than two
mil anos depois de morrer, Cleópatra ainda desafia a Humanidade.
thousand|years|after|of|to die|Cleopatra|still|challenges|the|Humanity
thousand years after her death, Cleopatra still challenges Humanity.
Seu legado político é bem mais complexo do que seus detratores registraram. E sua
her|legacy|political|is|very|more|complex|than|that|her|detractors|recorded|and|her
Her political legacy is much more complex than her detractors recorded. And her
aparência evoca questões de representatividade que ainda precisam ser respondidas pela mídia.
appearance|evokes|questions|of|representativity|that|still|need|to be|answered|by the|media
appearance evokes questions of representativeness that still need to be answered by the media.
Se o cinema será espaço para essa reflexão, é difícil saber.
if|the|cinema|will be|space|for|this|reflection|is|difficult|to know
Whether cinema will be a space for this reflection is hard to know.
Mas o certo é que isso tudo se deve a história extraordinária da rainha, uma personalidade
but|the|certain|is|that|this|all|itself|is due|to|story|extraordinary|of the|queen|a|personality
But the truth is that all of this is due to the extraordinary story of the queen, a personality
tão marcante que ainda intriga, demanda investigações e alimenta nossa imaginação.
so|striking|that|still|intrigues|demands|investigations|and|feeds|our|imagination
so striking that it still intrigues, demands investigations, and fuels our imagination.
E você, gostou dessa história? Conta para a gente nos comentários. Eu fico por aqui!
and|you|liked|this|story|tell|to|the|us|in the|comments|I|stay|for|here
And you, did you like this story? Tell us in the comments. I'll be here!
Tchau
Bye
Bye
PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=17.57 PAR_CWT:AvJ9dfk5=10.53
en:AvJ9dfk5
openai.2025-02-07
ai_request(all=92 err=0.00%) translation(all=182 err=1.10%) cwt(all=2322 err=13.35%)