Adverbs
Un adverbio describe o da información adicional sobre un verbo, adjetivo, adverbio o frase.
Ejemplos:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
The old, dark house gave me a bad feeling.
Adverbios de lugar
Los adverbios de lugar nos indican la ubicación donde ocurre algo y no cambian el significado de los adjetivos o adverbios.
Ejemplos:
| acerca de | downstairs | en |
| sobre | este (etc) | fuera |
| abroad | elsewhere | fuera de |
| en cualquier lugar | far | por encima de |
| fuera | aquí | allí |
| hacia atrás | indoors | bajo |
| Behind | dentro | arriba |
| debajo de | cerca de | upstairs |
| abajo | nearby | donde |
| fuera de |
Los sufijos "...ward" o "...ward" suelen expresar movimiento en la dirección especificada.
|
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
|
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
|
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
|
Hacia adelante |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
|
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
El sufijo "...where" también se utiliza con algunos adverbios de lugar.
|
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
|
En cualquier lugar |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
|
En algún lugar |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
|
Everywhere |
I've looked everywhere for it. |
Adverbios de tiempo
Estos adverbios nos dicen cuándo algo ha ocurrido. Los adverbios de tiempo también nos dicen con qué frecuencia o durante cuánto tiempo ocurrió algo.
Ejemplos:
| Cuando los adverbios | Frecuencia de los adverbios | Adverbios de duración |
|---|---|---|
| ahroa | a veces | ages |
| entonces | siempre | all day |
| hoy | normalmente | since last month |
| mañana | yearly | for several days |
| esta noche | hourly | for many years |
| diario | since the '90s | |
| infrequently | many hours |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
Adverbios de modo
Los adverbios de modo nos dicen cómo ocurrió algo.
Ejemplos:
| angrily | badly | beautifully | calmingly |
| carefully | cautiously | cleverly | dangerously |
| eagerly | excitedly | foolishly | rápido |
| furiously | happily | greedily | difícil |
| hurriedly | kindly | nervously | politely |
| quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
| slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
| well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet secretly hoped she wouldn't have to go to work.
He nervously played with his pen waiting to open the exam booklet.
The car was driving dangerously close to the sidewalk.
They quickly stopped talking when the teacher came in.
He stupidly forgot his car keys and had to go back.
Adverbios de grado
Los adverbios de grado nos indican el grado o la medida en que ocurre algo. Este tipo de adverbios pueden modificar a verbos, adjetivos y adverbios.
Ejemplos:
| Really | Slowly | Fairly | Rápidamente |
| Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
Adverbios modificadores de verbos:
He was slowly walking to the park.
They had done enough dancing for one night.
Jenna quickly hid the book behind her back.
Adverbios modificadores de adjetivos:
The kids were very kind to the lost dog.
The hotel ballroom was quite beautiful.
He was fairly happy at his new job.
Adverbios que modifican adverbios:
She had learned to play chess very well.
The birds ate the seed quite quickly.
The game was really cleverly created.
Adverbios de Certeza
Los adverbios de certeza expresan nuestro grado de certidumbre respecto a una acción o evento.
Ejemplos:
| Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
| Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
Formación de adverbios a partir de adjetivos
La mayoría de las veces podemos formar adverbios añadiendo "-ly" al final del adjetivo.
Reemplace "y" por "i" y agregue "-ly" si el adjetivo termina en "y".
Si el adjetivo termina en "-able", "-ible" o "-le", reemplace "-e " con "-y".
Si el adjetivo termina en "-ic", añadimos "-ally".
| Adjetivo | Adverbio |
|---|---|
| happy | happily |
| gentle | gently |
| tragic | tragically |
| lento | slowly |
Adverbios relativos
Los adverbios relativos unen oraciones o cláusulas. Los adverbios relativos son "cuándo", "dónde" y "por qué".
Do you know the reason why he is so upset?
The day when we will have the event is supposed to be sunny.
There is a beautiful library in the university where we met.
Adverbios interrogativos
Usamos adverbios interrogativos "cuándo", "dónde", "por qué" y "cómo" para formar preguntas.
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?