8. The Spanish Empire
el|español|imperio
8. O Império Espanhol
8. Det spanska imperiet
8. The Spanish Empire
Hoy voy a seguir explicando la conquista de América, el resto de los viajes que Colón
today|I go|to|to continue|explaining|the|conquest|of|America|the|rest|of|the|voyages|that|Columbus
Today I will continue explaining the conquest of America, the rest of the voyages that Columbus
hizo a América y la expansión del Imperio Español.
he made|to|America|and|the|expansion|of the|Empire|Spanish
made to America and the expansion of the Spanish Empire.
Como el Imperio Español se extendió no solo por América, sino también por otras partes
as|the|Empire|Spanish|itself|it extended|not|only|through|America|but also|also|through|other|parts
As the Spanish Empire expanded not only through America but also to other parts
del mundo.
of the|world
of the world.
Hola, pues como os dije en el vídeo anterior, Colón llegó a las Américas en 1492.
hello|well|as|you|I said|in|the|video|previous|Columbus|he arrived|to|the|Americas|in
Hello, as I told you in the previous video, Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492.
Llegó a las Américas, volvió y al año siguiente volvió a ir.
he arrived|to|the|Americas|he returned|and|the|year|next|he returned|to|to go
He arrived in the Americas, returned, and the following year he went again.
¿Hizo otro viaje a las Américas?
did he do|another|trip|to|the|Americas
Did he make another trip to the Americas?
Pero esta vez con muchos barcos.
but|this|time|with|many|ships
But this time with many ships.
Tenían barcos, barcos, barcos, muchos, muchos barcos.
they had|ships|ships|ships|many|many|ships
They had ships, ships, ships, many, many ships.
Hizo varios viajes, hizo unos cuantos viajes y cada vez, cada viaje estuvo unos años.
he/she made|several|trips|he/she made|a few|several|trips|and|each|time|each|trip|he/she was|a few|years
He made several trips, he made a few trips and each time, each trip lasted a few years.
Estuvo dos, tres años en las Américas.
he/she was|two|three|years|in|the|Americas
He was in the Americas for two, three years.
Y en aquel momento, Colón, ¿no?
and|in|that|moment|Columbus|right
And at that moment, Columbus, right?
Colón, Cristóbal Colón, en aquel momento ya pensó que quizá las Américas eran un
Columbus|Christopher|Columbus|in|that|moment|already|he thought|that|perhaps|the|Americas|they were|a
Columbus, Christopher Columbus, at that moment thought that perhaps the Americas were a
continente separado, no eran Asia, ¿no?
|separated||||
separate continent, they were not Asia, right?
Porque en aquel momento, en aquella época, Colón los llamaba, lo llamaba las Indias.
Because at that moment, at that time, Columbus called them, he called them the Indies.
Llamaba a lo que había encontrado las Indias y las Indias era el nombre en aquella época
he called|to|what|that|he had|found|the|Indies|and|the|Indies|it was|the|name|in|that|time
He called what he had found the Indies and the Indies was the name at that time
de Asia.
of|Asia
for Asia.
Y Colón ya pensó, quizá esto no es las Indias, quizá es otro continente y lo escribió,
and|Columbus|already|he thought|perhaps|this|not|it is|the|Indies|perhaps|it is|another|continent|and|it|he wrote
And Columbus thought, maybe this is not the Indies, maybe it is another continent and he wrote it down,
pero después cambió de idea.
but|after|he changed|of|idea
but then he changed his mind.
Después dijo, no, no, no, sí que es, sí que son las Indias.
after|he said|no|||yes|that|it is|||they are|the|Indies
Then he said, no, no, no, yes it is, yes it is the Indies.
Y Colón se murió, se murió sin saber, sin saber seguro que había encontrado un continente
and|Columbus|himself|he died|||without|knowing|||sure|that|he had|found|a|continent
And Columbus died, he died not knowing, not knowing for sure that he had found a continent
nuevo, que no era Asia.
new|that|not|it was|Asia
new, that it was not Asia.
Después en 1499 empezaron a ir otras personas a las Américas.
after|in|they began|to|go|other|people|to|the|Americas
Then in 1499 other people began to go to the Americas.
Otras personas, otros marineros, también con barcos, empezaron a ir a las Américas
other|people|other|sailors|also|with|boats|they started|to|to go|to|the|Americas
Other people, other sailors, also with ships, began to go to the Americas
desde España, al principio solamente desde España y luego más tarde desde otros países.
from|Spain|at the|beginning|only|from|Spain|and|then|more|later|from|other|countries
from Spain, at first only from Spain and then later from other countries.
Y en aquel momento Colón, Colón era virrey y gobernador de las Indias.
and|in|that|moment|Columbus|Columbus|he was|viceroy|and|governor|of|the|Indies
And at that time Columbus, Columbus was viceroy and governor of the Indies.
Gobernador, pues es la persona que manda, la persona que gobierna un territorio, ¿no?
governor|because|he is|the|person|that|commands|the|person|that|governs|a|territory|right
Governor, well, is the person who commands, the person who governs a territory, right?
Y virrey, un virrey es la persona que manda, que manda en vez del rey, porque el rey o
and|viceroy|a|viceroy|he is|the|person|that|he commands|that|he commands|in|instead|of the|king|because|the|king|or
And a viceroy, a viceroy is the person who commands, who commands instead of the king, because the king or
la reina estaba en España y no podía, directamente no podía dar órdenes, porque estaba muy lejos.
|||instead of||and|right||||||||||
the queen was in Spain and could not, directly could not give orders, because they were very far away.
Entonces un virrey es una persona que manda en vez del rey y manda en otro sitio, que
then|a|viceroy|he is|a|person|that|he commands|instead of|instead|of the|king|and|he commands|in|another|place|that
So a viceroy is a person who commands instead of the king and commands in another place, which
está lejos del territorio del país, ¿no?
it is|far|of the|territory|of the|country|right
is far from the territory of the country, right?
Y Colón era gobernador y era virrey.
and|Columbus|he was|governor|and|he was|viceroy
And Columbus was governor and he was viceroy.
Y Colón era gobernador de la Española.
and|Columbus|he was|governor|of|the|Hispaniola
And Columbus was governor of Hispaniola.
La Española es una isla que está aquí, es la isla donde está Haití y donde está
the|Hispaniola|it is|an|island|that|it is|here|it is|the|island|where|it is|Haiti|and|where|it is
Hispaniola is an island that is here, it is the island where Haiti is and where
República Dominicana.
Republic|Dominican
the Dominican Republic is.
Y Colón reinaba, gobernaba, era el gobernador de esta isla.
and|Columbus|he reigned|he governed|he was|the|governor|of|this|island
And Columbus reigned, governed, was the governor of this island.
Colón y sus dos hermanos.
Columbus|and|his|two|brothers
Columbus and his two brothers.
Colón tenía dos hermanos y los tres juntos gobernaban esta isla, la Española.
Columbus|he had|two|brothers|and|the|three|together|they governed|this|island|the|Hispaniola
Columbus had two brothers and the three of them together governed this island, Hispaniola.
Pero hubo problemas, hubo bastantes problemas.
but|there were|problems|there were|quite a few|problems
But there were problems, there were quite a few problems.
Hubo muchas personas, muchos marineros que habían ido de España, habían ido a las Américas,
there were|many|people|many|sailors|that|they had|gone|from|Spain|||to|the|Americas
There were many people, many sailors who had gone from Spain, they had gone to the Americas,
habían ido allí porque Colón les había dicho que había mucha riqueza, había mucho
they had|gone|there|because|Columbus|to them|he had|said|that|there was|a lot of|wealth|there was|a lot of
they had gone there because Columbus had told them that there was a lot of wealth, there was a lot of
oro, había mucho dinero.
|he had||
gold, there was a lot of money.
Y llegaron allí y se encontraron que Colón les había mentido, les había dicho una mentira.
||||||||||lied|||||
And they arrived there and found that Columbus had lied to them, he had told them a lie.
No había realmente muchas riquezas, por lo menos no para ellos.
not|there was|really|many|riches|for|the|least|not|for|them
There weren't really many riches, at least not for them.
Y hubo algo peor.
and|there was|something|worse
And there was something worse.
A Colón lo acusaron de usar tortura, de usar mutilación para gobernar, de usar tortura,
to|Columbus|him|they accused|of|to use|torture|of|to use|mutilation|to|to govern|of|to use|torture
Columbus was accused of using torture, of using mutilation to govern, of using torture,
de hacer daño a la gente o de usar mutilación, de cortar dedos, cortar manos, de usar la
of|to do|harm|to|the|people|or|of|to use|mutilation|of|to cut|fingers|to cut|hands|of|to use|
of harming people or using mutilation, of cutting fingers, cutting hands, of using the
mutilación como manera de gobernar, de controlar a las personas.
mutilation|as|way|to|to govern|to|to control|to|the|people
mutilation as a way of governing, of controlling people.
Y en un momento cuando los nativos, los indígenas americanos no estaban contentos con la manera
and|in|a|moment|when|the|natives|the|indigenous|Americans|not|they were|happy|with|the|way
And at a time when the natives, the Native Americans were not happy with the way
como Colón gobernaba, hubo una represión muy fuerte, una represión brutal.
as|Columbus|he governed|there was|a|repression|very|strong|a|repression|brutal
Columbus was governing, there was a very strong repression, a brutal repression.
Fueron asesinados muchos nativos, fueron asesinados y les cortaron los miembros, les cortaron
they were|murdered|many|natives|they were|murdered|and|to them|they cut|the|limbs|to them|they cut
Многие туземцы были убиты, их убивали и отрезали конечности, отрезали конечности.
Many natives were killed, they were killed and their limbs were cut off, they were cut off.
las piernas, las piernas, los brazos y los esparcieron por la calle, los repartieron
the|legs|||the|arms|and|the|they scattered|through|the|street|the|they distributed
the legs, the legs, the arms and they scattered them in the street, they distributed them.
por la calle, los tiraron por la calle.
through|the|street|the|they threw|||
in the street, they threw them in the street.
Pero la reina Isabel, la reina Isabel, que en ese momento gobernaba en España, se enteró.
but|the|queen|Isabel||||who|at|that|moment|she was governing|in|Spain|herself|she found out
Но королева Изабелла, правившая в то время Испанией, узнала об этом.
But Queen Isabel, Queen Isabel, who was ruling in Spain at that time, found out.
Se enteró de que Colón era muy mal gobernador y lo quitó, lo quitó como gobernador.
herself|she found out|that|that|Columbus|he was|very|bad|governor|and|him|she removed|him|she removed|as|governor
Он обнаружил, что Колон был очень плохим губернатором, и сместил его с поста губернатора.
She found out that Columbus was a very bad governor and removed him, removed him as governor.
Entonces Colón ya no era gobernador.
then|Columbus|||he was|governor
So Columbus was no longer governor.
Y la reina, la reina de España, en verdad quería que los indígenas, los nativos americanos,
and|the|queen|||of|Spain|in|truth|she wanted|that|the|indigenous|the|natives|American
And the queen, the queen of Spain, truly wanted the indigenous people, the Native Americans,
tuvieran los mismos derechos que los españoles, que fueran también ciudadanos, que estuvieran
they had|the|same|rights|that|the|Spanish|that|they were|also|citizens|that|they were
to have the same rights as the Spaniards, to also be citizens, to be
al mismo nivel.
at the|same|level
on the same level.
Después, en 1506, Colón muere.
after|in|Columbus|he dies
Later, in 1506, Columbus dies.
Colón se muere.
Columbus|himself|he dies
Columbus dies.
Sí, sí.
yes|yes
Yes, yes.
Y bueno, Colón se muere, pero la era de las colonizaciones ya había empezado.
and|well|Columbus|himself|he dies|but|the|era|of|the|colonizations|already|it had|started
And well, Columbus dies, but the era of colonization had already begun.
Ya toda Europa se había enterado de que América existía y empezaron muchos países, empezaron
already|all|Europe|itself|it had|informed|that|that|America|it existed|and|they began|many|countries|they began
By now all of Europe had learned that America existed and many countries began, they began
a colonizar, a buscar nuevos territorios.
to|colonize|to|to search|new|territories
to colonize, to seek new territories.
España conquistó Centroamérica y conquistó mucha parte de Sudamérica y conquistó partes
Spain|it conquered|Central America|and|it conquered|a lot of|part|of|South America|and|it conquered|parts
Spain conquered Central America and conquered much of South America and also conquered parts
también del sur y el oeste de Norteamérica.
also|of the|south|and|the|west|of|North America
of the south and west of North America.
También partes de África, como Guinea Ecuatorial y el Sahara Occidental.
also|parts|of|Africa|like|Guinea|Equatorial|and|the|Sahara|Western
Also parts of Africa, such as Equatorial Guinea and Western Sahara.
Y luego sitios como las Filipinas.
and|then|sites|like|the|Philippines
And then places like the Philippines.
Las Filipinas y otras islas por aquí, por el Pacífico, en el Océano Pacífico, también
the|Philippines|and|other|islands|around|here|through|the|Pacific|in|the|Ocean|Pacific|also
The Philippines and other islands around here, in the Pacific, in the Pacific Ocean, also
las conquistó España.
them|conquered|Spain
were conquered by Spain.
Y en esta época, gracias a matrimonios, a casamientos, España también tuvo Bélgica.
and|in|this|era|thanks|to|marriages|to|weddings|Spain|also|it had|Belgium
And in this era, thanks to marriages, Spain also had Belgium.
Bélgica también pasó a ser parte de España.
Belgium|also|it passed|to|to be|part|of|Spain
Belgium also became part of Spain.
Y España también conquistó mucha parte de Italia.
and|Spain|also|it conquered|a lot of|part|of|Italy
And Spain also conquered a large part of Italy.
Mucha parte de Italia pasó a ser parte también de España.
a lot of|part|of|Italy|it passed|to|to be|part|also|of|Spain
A large part of Italy also became part of Spain.
Y luego, bueno, otros países también empezaron a conquistar.
and|then|well|other|countries|also|they began|to|to conquer
And then, well, other countries also started to conquer.
Empezaron a conquistar diferentes partes del mundo.
they began|to|to conquer|different|parts|of the|world
They began to conquer different parts of the world.
Entre ellos Portugal, Francia, Holanda y Reino Unido.
among|them|Portugal|France|Holland|and|kingdom|united
Among them Portugal, France, Holland, and the United Kingdom.
Todos estos países empezaron a conquistar, a conquistar territorios por todo el mundo.
all|these|countries|they began|to|to conquer|to|to conquer|territories|throughout|all|the|world
All these countries started to conquer, to conquer territories all over the world.
Había una diferencia, por eso, entre la manera de conquistar de los otros países
there was|a|difference|for|that|between|the|way|of|to conquer|of|the|other|countries
There was a difference, therefore, between the way other countries conquered.
y la manera de conquistar de España.
and|the|way|of|to conquer|of|Spain
and the way Spain conquered.
Y es que cuando España conquistaba un nuevo territorio, un nuevo sitio, pasaba a formar
and|it is|that|when|Spain|it was conquering|a|new|territory|a|new|site|it passed|to|to form
And it is that when Spain conquered a new territory, a new place, it became part
parte del país.
part|of the|country
of the country.
Pasaba a ser un territorio más del país.
it became|to|to be|a|territory|more|of the|country
It became another territory of the country.
Mientras que otros países, Portugal, Francia, Holanda, Reino Unido, cuando conquistaban
while|that|other|countries|Portugal|France|Holland|United|Kingdom|when|they conquered
While other countries, Portugal, France, Holland, the United Kingdom, when they conquered
un territorio pasaba a ser una colonia.
a|territory|it became|to|to be|a|colony
a territory it became a colony.
No era parte del país, sino que era propiedad.
not|it was|part|of the|country|but|that|it was|property
It was not part of the country, but rather property.
Era una cosa suya.
it was|a|thing|of hers/his/theirs
It was a thing of his.
Como esta taza es propiedad mía, pues el país, la zona pasaba a ser propiedad suya.
since|this|cup|it is|property|mine|therefore|the|country|the|zone|it was becoming|to|to be|property|of hers/his/theirs
Since this cup is my property, then the country, the area became his property.
Y los habitantes, las personas que estaban allí, no eran ciudadanos.
and|the|inhabitants|the|people|that|they were|there|not|they were|citizens
And the inhabitants, the people who were there, were not citizens.
No eran considerados ciudadanos al mismo nivel que las personas del país.
not|they were|considered|citizens|at the|same|level|as|the|people|of the|country
They were not considered citizens at the same level as the people of the country.
Pero para España eso era diferente en teoría.
but|for|Spain|that|it was|different|in|theory
But for Spain, that was different in theory.
La reina Isabel quería que los nuevos territorios fueran parte del país, simplemente fueran
the|queen|Isabel|she wanted|that|the|new|territories|they were|part|of the|country|simply|
Queen Isabel wanted the new territories to be part of the country, simply to be
España.
Spain
Spain.
Pero en la práctica pasó algo diferente.
but|in|the|practice|it happened|something|different
But in practice, something different happened.
Pasó algo, bueno, bastante diferente.
it happened|something|well|quite|different
Something happened, well, quite different.
Ah, incluso el papa, el papa es el líder de la iglesia católica, de la iglesia cristiana
ah|even|the|pope|the|pope|he is|the|leader|of|the|church|Catholic|of|the|church|Christian
Ah, even the pope, the pope is the leader of the Catholic Church, of the Christian
católica.
Catholic
Catholic.
El papa está en Roma, en Ciudad del Vaticano.
the|pope|he is|in|Rome|in|city|of the|Vatican
The pope is in Rome, in the Vatican City.
Y el papa, el papa dijo que los nativos americanos, que los indígenas eran personas, eran hombres
and|the|pope|||he said|that|the|natives|American|that|the|indigenous|they were|people|they were|men
And the pope, the pope said that Native Americans, that the indigenous people were people, they were men
y mujeres, eran humanos.
and|women|they were|human
and women, they were human.
Sí, y que se tenían que considerar igual que los europeos, eran también hijos de Dios,
yes|and|that|themselves|they had|to|to consider|equal|to|the|Europeans|they were|also|children|of|God
Yes, and that they had to be considered equal to Europeans, they were also children of God,
¿no?
right
right?
Pero el papa, el papa nunca dijo que los africanos fueran hombres, fueran humanos.
but|the|pope|||never|he said|that|the|Africans|they were|men|they were|humans
But the pope, the pope never said that Africans were men, were human.
No, no los consideraban hombres.
no||them|they considered|men
No, they did not consider them men.
Los negros de África no los consideraron hombres y mujeres igual que nosotros.
the|blacks|of|Africa|not|them|they considered|men|and|women|equal|as|us
The blacks of Africa did not consider them men and women just like us.
Por eso los nativos americanos, los indígenas, no se los podía esclavizar, no se los podía
for|that|the|natives|American|the|indigenous|not|themselves|them|it could|to enslave|no|themselves|them|it could
That is why Native Americans, the indigenous people, could not be enslaved, they could not be.
hacer esclavos.
to make|slaves
to make slaves.
Pero a los negros no pasa nada, los negros no son humanos, dijo.
but|to|the|blacks|not|it happens|anything|the|blacks|not|they are|humans|he said
But nothing happens to black people, black people are not human, he said.
No sé si lo dijo, pero implícitamente nunca dijo que los negros fueran humanos, fueran
not|I know|if|it|he said|but|implicitly|never|he said|that|the|blacks|they were|humans|they were
I don't know if he said it, but implicitly he never said that black people were human, were
personas y por eso se permitía, ¿no?, la esclavitud.
persons|and|for|that|itself|it allowed|not|the|slavery
people and that's why slavery was allowed, right?
Pero bueno, en el caso de los indígenas, teóricamente la esclavitud estaba prohibida,
but|well|in|the|case|of|the|indigenous|theoretically|the|slavery|it was|prohibited
But well, in the case of the indigenous people, theoretically slavery was prohibited,
no se permitía.
not|itself|it was allowed
it was not allowed.
Pero en la práctica se impuso un sistema, un sistema que se llamaba encomiendas.
but|in|the|practice|itself|it imposed|a|system|a|system|that|itself|it was called|encomiendas
But in practice, a system was imposed, a system that was called encomiendas.
Las encomiendas, pondré aquí una E, el sistema de encomiendas era un poco como los señores
the|encomiendas|I will put|here|an|E|the|system|of|encomiendas|it was|a|little|like|the|lords
The encomiendas, I will put an E here, the encomienda system was somewhat like the lords
feudales.
feudal
feudal.
Los señores feudales existían en la época medieval.
the|lords|feudal|they existed|in|the|era|medieval
Feudal lords existed in the medieval period.
La época medieval, desde el año, no sé, 500 hasta el 1500, más o menos, era la época
the|era|medieval|from|the|year|not|I know|until|the|more|or|less|it was|the|era
The medieval period, from the year, I don't know, 500 to 1500, more or less, was the period
medieval, la época de caballos y espadas y caballeros, ¿no?
medieval|the|era|of|horses|and|swords|and|knights|right
medieval, the time of horses and swords and knights, right?
En esta época había los señores feudales.
in|this|time|there were|the|lords|feudal
At this time there were feudal lords.
Había un castillo, había un castillo y alrededor, pues, había campos, ¿no?
there was|a|castle|there was|a|castle|and|around|well|there were|fields|right
There was a castle, there was a castle and around it, well, there were fields, right?
Campos, campos.
fields|fields
Fields, fields.
Y todas las personas, los agricultores, los agricultores, las personas que cultivaban,
and|all|the|people|the|farmers|the|farmers|the|people|that|they cultivated
And all the people, the farmers, the farmers, the people who cultivated,
cultivaban comida, le tenían que dar una parte al señor feudal, le tenían que dar
they cultivated|food|to him|they had|to|to give|a|part|to the|lord|feudal|to him|they had|to|to give
they grew food, they had to give a part to the feudal lord, they had to give
un porcentaje al señor.
a|percentage|to the|lord
a percentage to the lord.
Y aquí, en las Américas, el sistema era parecido.
and|here|in|the|Americas|the|system|it was|similar
And here, in the Americas, the system was similar.
El sistema de encomiendas, había un señor y el señor, el señor, no había castillos,
the|system|of|encomiendas|there was|a|lord|and|the|lord|the|lord|not|there were|castles
The encomienda system, there was a lord and the lord, the lord, there were no castles,
pero había un señor y el señor era el español.
but|there was|a|gentleman|and|the|gentleman|he was|the|Spanish
but there was a gentleman and the gentleman was the Spanish.
Y los vasallos eran los nativos, eran los indígenas.
and|the|vassals|they were|the|natives|they were|the|indigenous
And the vassals were the natives, they were the indigenous.
Y los indígenas estaban obligados a trabajar, tenían que trabajar, sí, sí.
and|the|indigenous|they were|obliged|to|work|they had|to|work|yes|yes
And the indigenous people were forced to work, they had to work, yes, yes.
No podían descansar y pescar y comer, ellos, no, no.
not|they could|rest|and|to fish|and|to eat|they|no|no
They could not rest and fish and eat, they, no, no.
Tenían que trabajar y tenían que darle una parte, un porcentaje, también al señor,
they had|to|to work|and|they had|to|to give him|a|part|a|percentage|also|to the|gentleman
They had to work and they had to give a part, a percentage, also to the gentleman,
al español.
to the|Spanish
to the Spaniard.
Bueno, pero el español también tenía obligaciones, ¿no?
well|but|the|Spanish|also|he had|obligations|right
Well, but the Spaniard also had obligations, right?
Los vasallos le daban, le daban cosas, le daban un porcentaje y el español, a cambio,
the|vassals|to him|they gave|to him|they gave|things|to him|they gave|a|percentage|and|the|Spanish|in|exchange
The vassals gave him, they gave him things, they gave him a percentage and the Spaniard, in return,
les enseñaba la religión cristiana, los hacía católicos, les enseñaba, pues, la
to them|I taught|the|religion|Christian|them|I made|Catholics|to them|I taught|well|the
he taught them the Christian religion, made them Catholics, taught them, well, the
Biblia, les enseñaba a leer español y, bueno, esa era su obligación.
Bible|to them|I taught|to|to read|Spanish|and|well|that|it was|their|obligation
Bible, taught them to read Spanish and, well, that was his obligation.
Vale, tú trabajas para mí y yo, a cambio, te impongo mi religión.
okay|you|you work|for|me|and|I|in|exchange|you|I impose|my|religion
Okay, you work for me and I, in return, impose my religion on you.
Buen trato, ¿eh?
good|deal|huh
Good deal, huh?
Un trato muy, un trato muy justo, seguro, seguro que pensaban, pensaban que era un trato
a|deal|very|a|deal|||||||||||
A very, a very fair deal, surely, surely they thought, they thought it was a deal
muy justo los indígenas.
very|fair|the|indigenous people
very fair for the indigenous people.
Y bueno, teóricamente, también el sistema de encomiendas era así, aunque a veces, en
and|well|theoretically|also|the|system|of|encomiendas|it was|like this|although|at|times|in
And well, theoretically, the encomienda system was also like that, although sometimes, in
la práctica, acababan siendo más o menos como esclavos.
the|practice|they ended up|being|more|or|less|like|slaves
practice, they ended up being more or less like slaves.
Los vasallos, los que trabajaban, acababan siendo esclavos.
the|vassals|the|who|they worked|they ended up|being|slaves
The vassals, those who worked, ended up being slaves.
Pero no siempre.
but|not|always
But not always.
Entonces, hubo varias leyes, se hicieron varias leyes para prohibir el sistema de encomiendas
then|there were|several|laws|themselves|they made|several|laws|to|to prohibit|the|system|of|encomiendas
Then, several laws were made to prohibit the encomienda system
o para irlo desfasando, ir dejando poco a poco el sistema de encomiendas.
or|to|to gradually|phasing out|to|leaving|little|to|little|the|system|of|encomiendas
or to gradually phase out the encomienda system.
Se hicieron varias leyes, pero se ignoraron.
themselves|they made|several|laws|but|themselves|they ignored
Several laws were made, but they were ignored.
En la práctica no se aplicaron hasta que en 1542, en 1542, los reyes se pusieron serios,
in|the|practice|not|themselves|they applied|until|that|in||the|kings|themselves|they became|serious
In practice, they were not enforced until 1542, when the kings got serious,
se pusieron serios.
themselves|they became|serious
they got serious.
Venga, las encomiendas, no, ya las vamos a quitar.
come on|the|encomiendas|no|already|them|we are going|to|to remove
Come on, the encomiendas, no, we are going to remove them.
Ya no va a existir.
already|not|it goes|to|to exist
It will no longer exist.
Y esta vez funcionó, funcionó mejor, mejor que antes.
and|this|time|it worked|it worked|better|better|than|before
And this time it worked, it worked better, better than before.
Y hubo muchos sitios, muchos sitios donde las encomiendas se abolieron, dejaron de existir.
and|there were|many|sites|many|sites|where|the|encomiendas|themselves|they abolished|they stopped|to|to exist
And there were many places, many places where the encomiendas were abolished, ceased to exist.
Pero hubo sitios, hubo sitios donde se resistieron, sí, sí.
but|there were|sites|there were|sites|where|themselves|they resisted|yes|yes
But there were places, there were places where they resisted, yes, yes.
Los españoles, los que vivían ahí, los conquistadores, se resistieron, no querían, no querían liberar
the|Spaniards|the|who|they lived|there|the|conquerors|themselves|they resisted|not|they wanted|not|they wanted|to free
The Spaniards, those who lived there, the conquerors, resisted, they did not want to, they did not want to free
la gente que tenían trabajando para ellos.
the|people|that|they had|working|for|them
the people they had working for them.
Incluso hubo guerras, se lucharon guerras para proteger ese sistema, el sistema de encomiendas.
even|there was|wars|themselves|they fought|wars|to|to protect|that|system|the|system|of|encomiendas
There were even wars, wars were fought to protect that system, the encomienda system.
Por ejemplo, en Perú, en Perú hubo una guerra para eso, para proteger las encomiendas.
for|example|in|Peru|in|Peru|there was|a|war|to|that|to|to protect|the|encomiendas
For example, in Peru, in Peru there was a war for that, to protect the encomiendas.
Y entonces, en estos sitios, en estos sitios donde no se abolieron las encomiendas, siguieron
and|then|in|these|sites||||where|not|themselves|they abolished|the|encomiendas|they continued
And then, in these places, in these places where the encomiendas were not abolished, they continued
funcionando y muchos españoles, muchos conquistadores, dejaron de tener vasallos, de tener gente
functioning|and|many|Spaniards|many|conquerors|they stopped|from|to have|vassals|of|to have|people
functioning and many Spaniards, many conquerors, stopped having vassals, stopped having people
trabajando para ellos.
working|for|them
working for them.
Y entonces empezaron a atraer esclavos, empezaron a comprar esclavos, a comprar esclavos a otros
and|then|they began|to|to attract|slaves|they began|to|to buy|slaves|to||||others
And then they started to attract slaves, they started to buy slaves, to buy slaves from others.
países, a Reino Unido, a Holanda, a otros países que traían esclavos de África, de África a las Américas, ¿no?
countries|to|Kingdom|United|to||to||||brought|||||||the|Americas|right
countries, to the United Kingdom, to Holland, to other countries that brought slaves from Africa, from Africa to the Americas, right?
Les empezaron a comprar esclavos.
to them|they began|to|to buy|slaves
They started buying slaves.
Se calcula, se calcula que más o menos se trajeron un millón, un millón quinientos
itself|it calculates|itself|it calculates|that|more|or|less|itself|they brought|a|million|a|million|five hundred
It is estimated, it is estimated that about one million, one million five hundred
mil esclavos, esclavos de África.
thousand|slaves|slaves|from|Africa
thousand slaves, slaves from Africa.
Un millón quinientos mil solamente en los territorios españoles.
one|million|five hundred|thousand|only|in|the|territories|Spanish
One million five hundred thousand only in the Spanish territories.
Sí, sí, son muchos.
yes|yes|they are|many
Yes, yes, that's a lot.
Otra vez, por lo que os he dicho antes, que los indígenas eran considerados humanos,
another|time|for|what|that|you|I|said|before|that|the|indigenous|they were|considered|human
Again, because of what I told you before, that the indigenous people were considered human,
personas, por el papa, pero los negros no, no eran considerados humanos.
persons|by|the|pope|but|the|blacks|not|no|they were|considered|human
people, by the pope, but the blacks were not, they were not considered human.
Otro problema que hubo en las Américas son las enfermedades.
another|problem|that|there was|in|the|Americas|they are|the|diseases
Another problem that occurred in the Americas was diseases.
Mucha gente se puso enferma, se puso mala, sobre todo los nativos, sobre todo los indígenas.
a lot of|people|themselves|she/he became|sick|herself/himself|she/he became|bad|above|all|the|natives|above|all|the|indigenous
Many people became ill, especially the natives, especially the indigenous people.
Muchos se pusieron malos y murieron porque los europeos trajeron enfermedades, enfermedades
many|themselves|they became|sick|and|they died|because|the|Europeans|they brought|diseases|diseases
Many became sick and died because the Europeans brought diseases, diseases
que antes no existían en las Américas.
that|before|not|they existed|in|the|Americas
that did not exist in the Americas before.
Pero los europeos también, los europeos también se pusieron malos, se pusieron enfermos por
but|the|Europeans|also||||themselves|they became|bad|themselves|they became|sick|because of
But the Europeans also, the Europeans also got sick, they fell ill from
enfermedades que no existían en Europa.
diseases|that|not|they existed|in|Europe
diseases that did not exist in Europe.
Y un ejemplo, un ejemplo de enfermedad es la sífilis.
and|an|example|||of|disease|it is|the|syphilis
And one example, an example of a disease is syphilis.
La sífilis la trajeron los europeos que fueron a las Américas y volvieron y por eso luego
the|syphilis|it|they brought|the|Europeans|who|they went|to|the|Americas|and|they returned|and|for|that|then
Syphilis was brought by the Europeans who went to the Americas and returned, and that's why later
la sífilis se expandió por Europa.
the|syphilis|itself|it expanded|throughout|Europe
syphilis spread throughout Europe.
Y hasta aquí el resumen del imperio español.
and|up to|here|the|summary|of the|empire|Spanish
And that's the summary of the Spanish Empire.
En el próximo vídeo os explicaré durante este mismo periodo, estos mismos años, os
in|the|next|video|you|I will explain|during|this|same|period|these|same|years|you
In the next video, I will explain to you during this same period, these same years,
explicaré qué pasaba en España, qué pasó en España durante este tiempo, este periodo.
I will explain|what|was happening|in|Spain|what|happened|in|Spain|during|this|time|this|period
I will explain what was happening in Spain, what happened in Spain during this time, this period.
¿Vale?
is it okay
Okay?
Venga, adiós.
come on|goodbye
Come on, goodbye.
Y si queréis aprender el español real, no os olvidéis que yo y mi amigo Adriá hemos
and|if|you all want|to learn|the|Spanish|real|not|yourselves|forget|that|I|and|my|friend|Adriá|we have
And if you want to learn real Spanish, don't forget that my friend Adriá and I have
hecho el curso de español coloquial y palabrotas.
done|the|course|of|Spanish|colloquial|and|swear words
done the colloquial Spanish and swear words course.
Apuntaos ya.
sign up|already
Sign up now.
Os dejo el link en la descripción, ¿vale?
you|I leave|the|link|in|the|description|okay
I'll leave the link in the description, okay?
ai_request(all=96 err=0.00%) translation(all=190 err=0.00%) cwt(all=1924 err=6.08%)
en:At8odHUl
openai.2025-02-07
PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=6.4 PAR_CWT:At8odHUl=14.45
