26. The Democratic Transition
The|Democratic|Transition
26. der demokratische Übergang
26. la transition démocratique
26. La transizione democratica
26) Demokratyczna transformacja
26. a transição democrática
26. The Democratic Transition
Ya está, Franco se murió, pero después, después de la dictadura, ¿cómo llegamos
already|it is|Franco|himself|he died|but|after|after|of|the|dictatorship|how|we arrived
It's done, Franco is dead, but after that, after the dictatorship, how did we get
a la democracia actual? ¿Fue fácil o fue difícil? Hoy lo vamos a ver y quizá habrá
to|the|democracy|current|it was|easy|or|it was|difficult|today|it|we are going|to|to see|and|perhaps|there will be
to the current democracy? Was it easy or was it difficult? Today we will see it and perhaps there will be
alguna sorpresa.
some|surprise
some surprises.
Hola, pues sí, en 1975 Franco muere y empiezan a pasar cosas, ¿no? Empieza la transición
hello|well|yes|in|Franco|he dies|and|they begin|to|to happen|things|right|it begins|the|transition
Hello, well yes, in 1975 Franco dies and things start to happen, right? The transition begins
a la democracia. En ese momento había tres opciones. La primera opción era que continuase
to|the|democracy|in|that|moment|there were|three|options||||||it continued
to democracy. At that moment there were three options. The first option was that the same
el mismo sistema político. Seguían las mismas leyes, el jefe de estado en vez de ser Franco
the|same|system|political|they continued|the|same|laws|the|chief|of|state|instead of|time|of|to be|Franco
political system would continue. The same laws remained, the head of state instead of being Franco
pasaba a ser el rey, el rey Juan Carlos I. El rey Juan Carlos, Juan Carlos I. La segunda
he passed|to|to be|the|king|the|king|Juan|Carlos|I|the|king|Juan|Carlos|||I|the|second
would become the king, King Juan Carlos I. King Juan Carlos, Juan Carlos I. The second
opción que es acabar con el franquismo de manera radical, romper el régimen hasta
option|that|it is|to end|with|the|Francoism|in|way|radical|to break|the|regime|until
the option that is to end Francoism in a radical way, to break the regime until
ahora y hacer algo completamente diferente. Y luego la tercera opción, que es un punto
|and||||||then|the|third|option|that|it is|a|point
now and do something completely different. And then the third option, which is a middle point,
intermedio, es ir cambiando el régimen actual, ir cambiando las leyes para llegar a la democracia.
|it is|to go|changing|the|regime|current|to go|changing|the|laws|in order to|to reach|to|the|democracy
is to gradually change the current regime, to change the laws to reach democracy.
Entonces el rey Juan Carlos I, él abogó por la opción C, por no romper completamente
then|the|king|John|Charles|the first|he|he advocated|for|the|option|C|for|not|to break|completely
So King Juan Carlos I, he advocated for option C, for not completely breaking
pero sí avanzar hacia la democracia. Entonces en aquel momento el presidente era Arias Navarro.
but|yes|to advance|towards|the|democracy|then|in|that|moment|the|president|he was|Arias|Navarro
but to move towards democracy. At that time, the president was Arias Navarro.
Arias Navarro, él quería la opción A, quería continuar igual. Pero la sociedad en general
Arias|Navarro|he|he wanted|the|option|A|he wanted|to continue|the same|but|the|society|in|general
Arias Navarro, he wanted option A, he wanted to continue the same way. But society in general
quería cambios. Había muchas manifestaciones, había muchas huelgas, muchas personas que
it wanted|changes|there were|many|demonstrations|there were|many|strikes|many|people|that
wanted changes. There were many demonstrations, there were many strikes, many people who
decidían dejar de trabajar para hacer presión. Y los partidos de la oposición, los partidos
they decided|to stop|from|working|in order to|to make|pressure|and|the|parties|of|the|opposition|the|parties
decided to stop working to apply pressure. And the opposition parties, the parties
en contra de la dictadura, del franquismo, cada vez estaban más activos, hacían más
in|against|of|the|dictatorship|of the|Francoism|every|time|they were|more|active|they did|more
against the dictatorship, against Francoism, they were becoming more active, doing more
cosas. Y mientras tanto ETA seguía con el terrorismo. ETA, que era el grupo terrorista
things|and|while|so much|ETA|it continued|with|the|terrorism||||||
things. And meanwhile, ETA continued with terrorism. ETA, which was the terrorist group
a favor de la independencia del País Vasco. De la independencia del País Vasco. Y por
in|favor|of|the|independence|of the|Country|Basque||||||||
in favor of the independence of the Basque Country. For the independence of the Basque Country. And because
todo esto Arias Navarro dimite, deja de ser presidente. Entonces el rey nombra a Adolfo
all|this|Arias|Navarro|he resigns|he leaves|to|to be|president|then|the|king|he appoints|to|Adolfo
of all this, Arias Navarro resigns, ceases to be president. Then the king appoints Adolfo
Suárez. El siguiente presidente es Adolfo Suárez. Entonces Adolfo Suárez ya de antes
Suárez|the|next|president|he is|Adolfo|Suárez|then|||already|of|before
Suárez. The next president is Adolfo Suárez. So Adolfo Suárez was already working before.
trabajaba para la dictadura, ya trabajaba con el franquismo. Pero vio el cambio, los
he worked|for|the|dictatorship|already|he worked|with|the|Francoism|but|he saw|the|change|the
He was already working for the dictatorship, he was already working with Francoism. But he saw the change, the
cambios que había en la sociedad y empezó a dar pasos hacia la transición. Hizo legal
|to||||||||||||||
changes that were happening in society and began to take steps towards the transition. He legalized
el derecho de reunión a grupos de personas, reunirse sin tener que pedir permiso de asociación,
the right to assemble for groups of people, to gather without having to request permission for association,
crear asociaciones de diferentes tipos, de manifestación, que las personas pudiesen
to create|associations|of|different|types|of|manifestation|that|the|people|they could
create associations of different types, of manifestation, that people could
manifestarse en la calle, en sitios públicos. También sacó de la cárcel, sacó de las
to manifest themselves|in|the|street|in|places|public|also|he/she took out|from|the|prison|he/she took out|from|the
demonstrate in the street, in public places. He also released many political prisoners from Franco's regime from prison. And he started conversations with the PSOE, with
prisiones a muchos presos políticos del franquismo. Y empezó conversaciones con el PSOE, con
|||||||and|he/she began|conversations|with|the|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|with
the PSOE and with the Communist Party, whose leaders were Felipe González and Carrillo.
el PSOE y con el Partido Comunista, que sus líderes eran Felipe González y Carrillo.
the|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|and|with|the|Party|Communist|whose|its|leaders|they were|Felipe|González|and|Carrillo
Entonces, en 1976 se hace una reforma política. Se cambia la forma del Estado. Se crea un
then|in|itself|it makes|a|reform|political|||||||||
Then, in 1976 a political reform was made. The form of the State was changed. A
sistema bicameral, un sistema de dos cámaras, con un congreso y un senado, que es el sistema
system|bicameral|a|system|of|two|chambers|with|a|congress|and|a|senate||||
bicameral system was created, a system of two chambers, with a congress and a senate, which is the system
que sigue, que sigue hoy en día, donde todas las leyes se eligen por votación. Hay que
that|it continues|that|it continues|today|in|day|where|all|the|laws|themselves|they are elected|by|voting||
that continues, that continues today, where all laws are elected by voting. It is necessary to
votar siempre las leyes nuevas. Entonces los diputados, el gobierno de aquel momento, lo
to vote|always|the|laws|new|then|the|deputies|the|government|of|that|moment|it
always vote on new laws. So the deputies, the government of that moment, the
aprueba, aprueba este cambio y se hizo un referéndum. Se hizo pues una votación, un
it approves||this|change|and|itself|it made|a|referendum||||||
approve, approve this change and a referendum was held. A vote was held, a
referéndum donde los ciudadanos podían votar para decir si estaban de acuerdo o no en este
referendum where citizens could vote to say whether they agreed or not with this
sistema democrático. Y salió el sí. El 94% de las personas estaban de acuerdo en hacer que
|||||||of|||||agreement|in||
democratic system. And the answer was yes. 94% of the people agreed to make it a
fuera un sistema democrático. Entonces, después de esto, se hacen elecciones. Se hace una
it was|a|system|democratic|then|after|of|this|itself|they make|elections|itself|it makes|a
democratic system. So, after this, elections were held. An
votación para elegir quién serán los miembros del congreso y del senado. Mientras tanto,
voting|to|to choose|who|they will be|the|members|of the|congress|and|of the|senate|while|meanwhile
voting to choose who will be the members of congress and the senate. Meanwhile,
ETA sigue con sus actividades y también hay violencia por miembros de la extrema derecha
ETA|it continues|with|its|activities|and|also|there is|violence|by|members|of|the|extreme|right
ETA continues with its activities and there is also violence from far-right members
contra ETA y otros tipos de violencia. Entonces, en este momento se legaliza el Partido Comunista.
against|ETA|and|other|types|of|violence|then|in|this|moment|itself|it legalizes|the|Party|Communist
against ETA and other types of violence. So, at this moment the Communist Party is legalized.
Se hace legal el Partido Comunista. Esto a los militares, el ejército, pues lo recibió
itself|it becomes|legal|the|Party|Communist|this|to|the|military|the|army|well|it|it received
The Communist Party is made legal. This was received by the military, the army,
mal, no le gustó. Y los franquistas, que estaban a favor de Franco, pues tampoco, tampoco
bad|not|to him|he liked|and|the|Francoists|that|they were|in|favor|of|Franco|well|neither|neither
bad, they didn't like it. And the Francoists, who were in favor of Franco, also didn't like it.
les gustó. Luego, en 1977, se hacen las elecciones, elecciones generales del gobierno. Y en las elecciones
to them|they liked|then|in|themselves|they hold|the|elections|elections|general|of the|government||||
Then, in 1977, the elections were held, general elections for the government. And in the elections
ganó UCD, ganó Unión de Centro Democrático, que es el partido de Adolfo Suárez. Entonces,
it won|UCD|it won|Union|of|Center|Democratic|which|is|the|party|of|Adolfo|Suárez|
UCD won, the Union of Democratic Center won, which is Adolfo Suárez's party. So,
Adolfo Suárez seguía siendo el presidente. El número 2 fue el Partido Socialista, luego
Adolfo|Suárez|he continued|being|the|president|the|number|it was|the|Party|Socialist|then
Adolfo Suárez was still the president. The number 2 was the Socialist Party, then
el Partido Comunista y luego Alianza Popular. Ganaron en este orden, pero UCD no ganó de
the|Party|Communist|and|then|Alliance|Popular|they won|in|this|order|but|UCD|not|it won|of
the Communist Party and then Popular Alliance. They won in this order, but UCD did not win by
mucho y hubo que hacer pactos para poder gobernar. Entonces, durante este tiempo se hacen ya
|and|there was|to|to make|pacts|in order to|to be able to|to govern|then|during|this|time|itself|they make|already
much and it was necessary to make agreements to be able to govern. So, during this time, some
algunos pactos para combatir la crisis económica. Se solucionan algunos problemas de la crisis
some|pacts|in order to|to combat|the|crisis|economic|itself|they solve|some|problems|of|the|crisis
agreements are made to combat the economic crisis. Some problems of the economic crisis
económica que había en España. También, en este momento, Adolfo Suárez empieza a
economic|that|there was|in|Spain|also|in|this|moment|Adolfo|Suárez|he begins|to
that existed in Spain are solved. Also, at this moment, Adolfo Suárez begins to
promover las autonomías, las comunidades autónomas, que es lo que se acabó haciendo.
to promote|the|autonomies|the|communities|autonomous|that|it is|what|that|itself|it ended|doing
promote autonomies, the autonomous communities, which is what ended up happening.
España se acabó dividiendo en comunidades autónomas, ¿no? Entonces, en 1978 se aprueba
Spain|itself|it ended|dividing|into|communities|autonomous|right|then|in|itself|it approves
Spain ended up being divided into autonomous communities, right? So, in 1978 the
la constitución, la constitución española, que todavía sigue vigente hoy en día con
the|constitution|the|constitution|Spanish|that|still|it continues|in force|today|in|day|with
constitution, the Spanish constitution, was approved, which is still in effect today with
pocos cambios. Entonces, esta constitución se aprueba con un referéndum también y la
few|changes|then|this|constitution|itself|it approves|with|a|referendum|also|and|
few changes. So, this constitution was approved with a referendum as well and the
aprobaron, votaron a favor la mayoría de los españoles. Entonces, esta constitución
they approved|they voted|to|in favor|the|majority|of|the|Spaniards|then|this|constitution
they approved, the majority of Spaniards voted in favor. So, this constitution
dice que España es un estado social, un estado que cuida de sus ciudadanos, ¿no? Incluido
it says|that|Spain|it is|a|state|social|a|state|that|it takes care|of|its|citizens|right|included
says that Spain is a social state, a state that takes care of its citizens, right? Including
el derecho a la vivienda, por ejemplo. Luego, cómo se aplique en la práctica es otra cosa,
the|right|to|the|housing|for|example|then|how|itself|it applies|in|the|practice|it is|another|thing
the right to housing, for example. Then, how it is applied in practice is another thing,
pero menciona diferentes derechos que tienen todas las personas. Y define el estado como
but|it mentions|different|rights|that|they have|all|the|people|and|it defines|the|state|as
but it mentions different rights that all people have. And it defines the state as
un estado democrático. Define el país como una monarquía parlamentaria. Es una monarquía,
a|state|democratic|it defines|the|country|as|a|monarchy|parliamentary|it is|a|monarchy
a democratic state. It defines the country as a parliamentary monarchy. It is a monarchy,
tiene rey, pero el rey no tiene poderes para hacer leyes o decir qué leyes se pueden crear
it has|king|but|the|king|not|it has|powers|to|to make|laws|or|to say|which|laws|themselves|they can|to create
it has a king, but the king does not have the powers to make laws or dictate which laws can be created
y qué leyes no, qué leyes se pueden aprobar y qué leyes no. No tiene esos poderes. Y
and|which|laws|not|which|laws|themselves|they can|to approve|and|which|laws|not|no|it has|those|powers|and
and which laws cannot, which laws can be approved and which laws cannot. He does not have those powers. And
es un país parlamentario en el que hay, en el que escogemos nuestros representantes en
it is|a|country|parliamentary|in|which|that||in||||||
it is a parliamentary country in which we choose our representatives in
el gobierno y ellos son luego los que hacen las leyes y las aprueban. También dice que
the|government|and|they|they are|then|the|that|they make|the|laws|and|the|they approve|also|it says|that
the government and they are then the ones who make the laws and approve them. It also says that
España es un país indivisible, que no se puede separar en varios países. Y también
Spain|it is|a|country|indivisible|that|not|itself|it can|to separate|into|several|countries|and|also
Spain is an indivisible country, that cannot be separated into several countries. And it also
reconoce el derecho a las autonomías. Define ciertas autonomías como regiones tradicionalmente
it recognizes|the|right|to|the|autonomies|it defines|certain|autonomies|as|regions|traditionally
recognizes the right to autonomy. It defines certain autonomies as traditionally
autónomas con derechos culturales, digamos, separados, que automáticamente pueden crear
autonomous|with|rights|cultural|let's say|separated|that|automatically|they can|to create
autonomous regions with separate cultural rights, which can automatically create
sus propias leyes y crear lo que llamamos el estatuto de autonomía, que es un tratado
their|own|laws|and|to create|what|that|we call|the|statute|of|autonomy|that|it is|a|treaty
their own laws and create what we call the statute of autonomy, which is a treaty
sobre la relación que tiene la comunidad con el país. Y hay ciertas regiones que automáticamente
about|the|relationship|that|it has|the|community|with|the|country||||||
about the relationship that the community has with the country. And there are certain regions that automatically
reciben este tratado de autonomía, como Cataluña, País Vasco, Galicia, Andalucía, quizá Andalucía,
they receive|this|treaty|of|autonomy|like|Catalonia|Country|Basque|Galicia|Andalusia|perhaps|Andalusia
receive this autonomy treaty, such as Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia, Andalusia, perhaps Andalusia,
no estoy seguro. Y las demás comunidades también tienen la opción de hacer este estatuto
not|I am|sure|and|the|other|communities|also|they have|the|option|to|to make|this|statute
I'm not sure. And the other communities also have the option to create this statute.
de autonomía si lo deciden, si la comunidad decide que quiere esta medida adicional de
of|autonomy|if|it|they decide|if|the|community|it decides|that|it wants|this|measure|additional|of
of autonomy if they decide, if the community decides that it wants this additional measure of
autonomía. Entonces, el rey se reconoce como el jefe de estado y como el jefe de las fuerzas
autonomy|then|the|king|himself|he recognizes|as|the|chief|of|state|and|as|the|chief|of|the|forces
autonomy. Then, the king is recognized as the head of state and as the head of the armed
armadas del ejército. En la práctica no sé si eso realmente se aplica de alguna
armed|of the|army|in|the|practice|not|I know|if|that|really|itself|it applies|in|any
forces of the army. In practice, I don't know if that really applies in any
manera concreta. Que yo sepa, hoy en día el rey no influye las acciones militares del
||that|I|I know|today|in|day|the|king|not|he influences|the|actions|military|of the
concrete way. As far as I know, nowadays the king does not influence the military actions of
ejército español, entonces no sé si es más un título simbólico que nada, ¿no?
army|Spanish|then|not|I know|if|it is|more|a|title|symbolic|than|nothing|no
Spanish army, so I don't know if it's more of a symbolic title than anything, right?
Pero sí que el rey aparece en desfiles militares y en eventos públicos relacionados con el
but|yes|that|the|king|he appears|in|parades|military|and|in|events|public|related|to|the
But yes, the king appears in military parades and in public events related to the
ejército español. Con la constitución también se elimina la pena de muerte, deja
||with|the|constitution|also|itself|it eliminates|the|penalty|of|death|it leaves
Spanish army. With the constitution, the death penalty is also abolished, the
de existir la pena de muerte, la pena capital. Y el estado se convierte en un estado laico,
|||||||||and|the|state|itself|it converts|into|a|state|secular
death penalty ceases to exist, the capital punishment. And the state becomes a secular state,
en un estado aconfesional, en un estado no religioso. El estado, en teoría, según la
in|a|state|secular|in||||||||theory|according to|the
in a secular state, in a non-religious state. The state, in theory, according to the
constitución, pasa a estar desconectado de la religión, desconectado de la religión
constitution|it passes|to|to be|disconnected|from|the|religion|disconnected|from|the|religion
constitution, becomes disconnected from religion, disconnected from the
católica, que hasta entonces era una parte más del estado. En verdad sigue habiendo
Catholic|which|until|then|it was|a|part|more|of the|state|in|truth|it continues|having
Catholic religion, which until then was a part of the state. In truth, there are still
conexiones y sigue habiendo casos especiales y leyes especiales para la iglesia católica,
connections|and|it continues|having|cases|special|and|laws|special|for|the|church|Catholic
connections and there are still special cases and special laws for the Catholic Church,
pero según la constitución el estado es laico y no debería afectar la religión a
but|according to|the|constitution|the|state|it is|secular|and|not|it should|to affect|the|religion|to
but according to the constitution, the state is secular and religion should not affect
el estado y a la toma de decisiones, ¿no? Entonces, la constitución también establece
the|state|and|to|the|taking|of|decisions|not|then|the|constitution|also|it establishes
the state and decision-making, right? So, the constitution also establishes
la libertad de prensa, que los diarios pueden publicar las noticias sin tener que pasar
the|freedom|of|press|that|the|newspapers|they can|to publish|the|news|without|to have|to|to pass
freedom of the press, that newspapers can publish news without having to go through
primero por un censor, por una censura del estado. También se crea el derecho a huelga,
first|through|a|censor|through|a|censorship|of the|state|also|itself|it creates|the|right|to|strike
a censor, without state censorship first. The right to strike is also established,
se permite que la gente haga huelga, deje de trabajar para hacer presión. Y se separa
itself|it allows|that|the|people|it does|strike|it stops|from|to work|to|to make|pressure|and|itself|it separates
people are allowed to strike, to stop working to apply pressure. And it separates
el gobierno en tres ramas, tres ramas en principio independientes, tres poderes, que es el poder
the|government|into|three|branches|three|branches|in|principle|independent|three|powers|that|it is|the|
the government into three branches, three branches that are fundamentally independent, three powers, which are the
legislativo de crear o de eliminar leyes, el poder ejecutivo, que es el gobierno, son
legislative|to|to create|or|to|to eliminate|laws|the|power|executive|that|it is|the|government|they are
legislative power to create or eliminate laws, the executive power, which is the government, which is
las administraciones, los ministerios que deciden cómo se va a aplicar la política
the|administrations|the|ministries|that|they decide|how|itself|it goes|to|to apply|the|policy
the administrations, the ministries that decide how policy will be applied.
del gobierno, cómo se va a gastar el dinero, etc. Y el poder judicial, los jueces que aplican
of|government|how|itself|it goes|to|to spend|the|money|etc|and|the|power|judicial|the|judges|that|they apply
of the government, how the money is going to be spent, etc. And the judiciary, the judges who enforce
las leyes y aplican las condenas en caso de que alguien haga cosas ilegales, ¿no?
the|laws|and|they apply|the|sentences|in|case|of|that|someone|they do|things|illegal|right
the laws and impose sentences in case someone does illegal things, right?
Entonces, después de aprobar la constitución, se vuelven a hacer votaciones generales y
then|after|of|to approve|the|constitution|itself|they return|to|to do|elections|general|and
So, after approving the constitution, general elections are held again and
otra vez vuelve a ganar Adolfo Suárez. Pero ahora no está tan claro que Adolfo Suárez
again|time|it returns|to|to win|Adolfo|Suárez|but|now|not|it is|so|clear|that|Adolfo|Suárez
once again Adolfo Suárez wins. But now it is not so clear that Adolfo Suárez
tenga la capacidad de gobernar por el resultado, porque hubieron también votaciones municipales
he/she/it has|the|capacity|to|to govern|by|the|result|because|there were|also|elections|municipal
have the ability to govern by results, because there were also municipal elections
de los municipios, de las ciudades y pueblos de España y el PSOE ganó bastante más en
of|the|municipalities|of|the|cities|and|towns|of|Spain|and|the|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|it won|quite|more|in
in the municipalities, cities, and towns of Spain and the PSOE won quite a bit more in
Cataluña y País Vasco perdió a Adolfo Suárez y ganaron los nacionalistas de cada región.
Catalonia|and|Country|Basque|it lost|to|Adolfo|Suárez|and|they won|the|nationalists|of|each|region
Catalonia and the Basque Country lost Adolfo Suárez and the nationalists of each region won.
Entonces, en 1979, además, hubo una crisis, una crisis por el precio del petróleo, subió
then|in|furthermore|there was|a|crisis|a|crisis|because of|the|price|of the|oil|it rose
So, in 1979, there was also a crisis, a crisis due to the price of oil, it rose
el paro, subió mucho la cantidad de gente sin trabajo y también empeoró la actividad
the|unemployment|it rose|a lot|the|quantity|of|people|without|work|and|also|it worsened|the|activity
unemployment increased the number of people without jobs and also worsened activity
de ETA, empezó a haber más actividad de ETA. Entonces, esto creó tensiones, incluso
of|ETA|it began|to|to have|more|activity|of|ETA|then|this|it created|tensions|even
from ETA, there began to be more activity from ETA. So, this created tensions, even
dentro del partido de UCD empezaron a haber diferentes opiniones, diferentes opiniones
inside|of the|party|of|UCD|they began|to|to have|different|opinions|different|opinions
within the UCD party there started to be different opinions, different opinions
sobre la política exterior, sobre el trato con el extranjero, con otros países. Y el
about|the|policy|foreign|about|the|treatment|with|the|foreign|with|other|countries|and|the
about foreign policy, about dealing with foreign countries. And the
presidente cada vez tenía menos y menos apoyo, menos personas que lo apoyaban y se
president|each|time|he had|less|and|less|support|fewer|people|that|him|they supported|and|itself
the president had less and less support, fewer people supporting him and it
hacía más difícil, pues, llevar el... estar a cargo del gobierno. Entonces, Felipe González
it became|more|difficult|because|to carry|the|being|to|in charge|of the|government|||
became more difficult, well, to manage... to be in charge of the government. Then, Felipe González
del PSOE aprovecha esto para hacer una moción de censura. Una moción de censura es un debate
of the|PSOE|he takes advantage|this|to|to make|a|motion|of|censure|||||||
of the PSOE takes advantage of this to make a motion of censure. A motion of censure is a debate
y una votación en el gobierno para decidir si hay que quitar al presidente del gobierno.
and|a|vote|in|the|government|to|to decide|if|there is|to|to remove|the|president|of the|government
and a vote in the government to decide whether to remove the president of the government.
Entonces, esta moción de censura no tiene éxito, falla, pero solamente el debate, que
then|this|motion|of|censure|not|it has|success|it fails|but|only|the|debate|that
So, this motion of censure is unsuccessful, it fails, but only the debate, which
se muestra en televisión y tal, hace que Felipe González gane más popularidad entre
itself|it shows|on|television|and|such|it makes|that|Felipe|González|he wins|more|popularity|among
is shown on television and such, makes Felipe González gain more popularity among
los ciudadanos. Entonces, cada vez hay más presión y en el 81, en el 81 Adolfo Suárez
the|citizens|then|every|time|there is|more|pressure|and|in|the|in|the|Adolfo|Suárez
the citizens. So, there is increasing pressure and in '81, in '81 Adolfo Suárez
dimite, se va, dice me voy, ya no soy presidente. Entonces, el presidente pasa a ser Leopoldo
he resigns|himself|he goes|he says|myself|I go|no longer||I am|president|then|the|president|he becomes|to|to be|Leopoldo
resigns, he leaves, he says I'm leaving, I am no longer president. So, the president becomes Leopoldo
Calvo Sotelo. Pero en el momento en el que se estaba sustituyendo, que se estaba aprobando
Calvo|Sotelo|but|in|the|moment|in|the|that|itself|it was|substituting|that|itself|it was|approving
Calvo Sotelo. But at the moment when he was being replaced, when the new president was being approved.
el nuevo presidente, hay un intento de golpe de estado. Un militar, Antonio Tejero, Antonio
the|new|president|there is|a|attempt|of|coup|of|state|a|military|Antonio|Tejero|
There is an attempted coup. A military officer, Antonio Tejero, Antonio.
Tejero entra en el congreso y secuestra a los congresistas. Mientras esto pasaba, en
Tejero|he enters|into|the|congress|and|he kidnaps|to|the|congressmen|while|this|was happening|in
Tejero enters the congress and takes the congress members hostage. While this was happening, in
Valencia, en Valencia el ejército sacó tanques a la calle y en Madrid se ocuparon estaciones
Valencia|in|Valencia|the|army|it took out|tanks|to|the|street|and|in|Madrid|itself|they occupied|stations
Valencia, in Valencia the army brought tanks to the streets and in Madrid they occupied stations.
de radio y de televisión. Este golpe de estado falló. El rey se opuso, se opuso al
of|radio|and|of|television|this|coup|of|state|it failed|||||||
of radio and television. This coup d'état failed. The king opposed it, he opposed the
golpe de estado y al parecer tuvo contactos con otros generales del gobierno, con otros
||||to the||||||||||
coup d'état and apparently had contacts with other generals of the government, with other
generales del ejército, perdón, para que no se uniesen a este golpe de estado. Y dos
generals|of the||||||||||||||
army generals, sorry, so that they would not join this coup d'état. And two
días más tarde, finalmente, Calvo Sotelo lo nombran como presidente, pero su partido,
days|more|later|finally|Calvo|Sotelo|him|they name|as|president|but|his|party
days later, finally, Calvo Sotelo was appointed as president, but his party,
el PSD, cada vez estaba más inestable y el PSOE cada vez estaba más fuerte. Y en
the|PSD|each|time|it was|more|unstable|and|the|PSOE|each|time|it was|more|strong|and|in
the PSD was becoming increasingly unstable and the PSOE was becoming stronger.
mil novecientos, mil novecientos ochenta y dos, otra vez se hacen elecciones y el PSOE
thousand|nine hundred|thousand|nine hundred|eighty|and|two|another|time|itself|they hold|elections|and|the|PSOE
In nineteen eighty-two, elections were held again and the PSOE
gana, gana con mayoría absoluta, gana más de la mitad de los asientos del congreso.
it wins|it wins|with|majority|absolute|it wins|more|than|the|half|of|the|seats|of the|congress
won, winning an absolute majority, winning more than half of the seats in Congress.
Y esto se considera por muchos la normalización de la democracia. El momento en que se prueba
and|this|itself|it is considered|by|many|the|normalization|of|the|democracy|the|moment|in|which|itself|it proves
This is considered by many to be the normalization of democracy. The moment when it is tested.
que puede cambiarse el gobierno, que no era simplemente una continuación del franquismo,
that|it can|to change itself|the|government|that|not|it was|simply|a|continuation|of the|Francoism
that the government could change, that it was not simply a continuation of Francoism,
pero haciendo como que, como que era una democracia, cuando en verdad no lo era, sino que sí,
but|doing|as|that||that||||||||||||yes
but pretending, as if it were a democracy, when in truth it was not, but yes,
realmente era una democracia, el gobierno podía cambiar y se podían elegir a otros
really|it was|a|democracy|the|government|it could|to change|and|itself|they could|to elect|to|other
it really was a democracy, the government could change and other
partidos. Entonces se considera el periodo de transición desde el setenta y cinco hasta
|then|itself|it is considered|the|period|of|transition|from|the|seventy|and|five|until
parties could be elected. So the transition period is considered from seventy-five until
mil novecientos ochenta y dos. Y esto marca el momento en el que España se va a poder
one thousand|nine hundred|eighty|and|two|and|this|it marks|the|moment|in|the|which|Spain|itself|it goes|to|to be able to
nineteen eighty-two. And this marks the moment when Spain will be able to
integrar mucho más en el resto de democracias europeas y ser considerado más o menos un
to integrate|much|more|in|the|rest|of|democracies|European|and|to be|considered|more|or|less|a
integrate much more with the rest of the European democracies and be considered more or less an
igual con los demás países europeos. Y aquí se acaba la serie de la historia de
equal|with|the|other|countries|European|and|here|itself|it ends|the|series|of|the|history|of
equal with the other European countries. And here ends the series on the history of
España. Sí, sí. Este es el último episodio. Gracias por seguirnos, por ver todos los episodios
|yes|yes|this|it is|the|last|episode|thank you|for|following us|for|to see|all|the|episodes
Spain. Yes, yes. This is the last episode. Thank you for following us, for watching all the episodes.
de esta serie, si los habéis visto. Decidnos si queréis que hagamos, quizá podemos hacer
of|this|series|if|them|you have|seen|tell us|if|you want|that|we do|perhaps|we can|to do
of this series, if you have seen them. Let us know if you want us to make, maybe we can make
un episodio extra sobre la historia moderna, sobre la historia contemporánea de España,
an|episode|extra|about|the|history|modern|about|the|history|contemporary|of|Spain
an extra episode about modern history, about the contemporary history of Spain,
los últimos años hasta la desaparición de ETA y quizá hechos más recientes como
the|last|years|until|the|disappearance|of|ETA|and|perhaps|events|more|recent|like
the last years until the disappearance of ETA and maybe more recent events like
la guerra de Irak, etcétera. Cosas más que han sucedido, digamos, desde el ochenta y
the|war|of|Iraq|etcetera|things|more|that|they have|happened|let's say|since|the|eighty|and
the Iraq war, etcetera. Things that have happened, let's say, since the eighties.
dos, quizá hasta el año, no sé, dos mil diez o así. Podríamos quizá hacer un episodio adicional.
two|perhaps|until|the|year|not|I know|two|thousand|ten|or|like that|we could||to make|an|episode|additional
two, maybe until the year, I don't know, two thousand ten or so. We could maybe do an additional episode.
Si no, pues os esperamos en las siguientes series que vamos a hacer, que estamos pensando en hacer
if|not|well|you|we wait|in|the|following|series|that|we are going|to|to make|that|we are|thinking|to|to make
If not, then we look forward to seeing you in the next series that we are going to make, which we are thinking of making.
series sobre la historia de países de Latinoamérica. ¿Vale? Venga. Adiós. Y no os olvidéis de visitar
series|about|the|history|of|countries|of|Latin America|okay|come on|goodbye|and|not|you|forget|to|to visit
series about the history of countries in Latin America. Okay? Alright. Goodbye. And don't forget to visit.
la web de Dreaming Spanish. Podréis ver cuántas horas, cuánto tiempo de vídeos habéis visto en
the|website|of|Dreaming|Spanish|you will be able|to see|how many|hours|how much|time|of|videos|you have|seen|in
the Dreaming Spanish website. You will be able to see how many hours, how much video time you have watched in.
total. Podréis buscar vídeos de diferentes dialectos, con español de España, español de
total|you all will be able|to search|videos|of|different|dialects|with|Spanish|of|Spain|Spanish|of
total. You will be able to search for videos in different dialects, with Spanish from Spain, Spanish from
México, de Colombia y podréis ver vídeos de los temas que más os interesen.
Mexico|of|Colombia|and|you all will be able|to see|videos|of|the|topics|that|most|to you|they interest
Mexico, from Colombia, and you will be able to watch videos on the topics that interest you the most.
ai_request(all=70 err=0.00%) translation(all=138 err=0.72%) cwt(all=2046 err=10.90%)
en:At8odHUl:250501
openai.2025-02-07
PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=4.97 PAR_CWT:At8odHUl=6.45
