20. Restoration of the Monarchy Restoration|||Monarchy 20. die Wiederherstellung der Monarchie 20. Restoration of the Monarchy

Hoy os voy a hablar de la restauración borbónica, de la Vuelta de los Reyes. today|you (plural)|I go|to|to talk|about|the|restoration|Bourbon|of|the|return|of|the|Kings Today I am going to talk to you about the Bourbon restoration, about the Return of the Kings.

Los Reyes, la familia real, los Borbones, volvieron a España. the|Kings|the|family|royal|the|Bourbons|they returned|to|Spain The Kings, the royal family, the Bourbons, returned to Spain.

Hubo un tiempo, un tiempo en el que había república, no había reyes, volvieron los reyes. there was|a|time|a|time|in|the|that|there was|republic|not|there was|kings|they returned|the|kings There was a time, a time when there was a republic, there were no kings, the kings returned.

Y fue un tiempo, una época en la que el gobierno se estabilizó, se consiguió una calma, and|it was|a|time|a|era|in|the|that|the|government|itself|it stabilized|itself|it achieved|a|calm And it was a time, an era in which the government stabilized, a calm was achieved,

una calma que hacía mucho tiempo que no teníamos. a|calm|that|it had been|a lot of|time|that|not|we had a calm that we hadn't had in a long time.

Hola, pues sí, hoy hablaremos del período entre 1875 y 1902. hello|well|yes|today|we will talk|of the|period|between|and Hello, well yes, today we will talk about the period between 1875 and 1902.

Sí, por fin, por fin llegamos al siglo XX, al siglo XX, sí. yes|for|finally|for|finally|we arrived|to the|century|20|to the|century|20|yes Yes, finally, finally we reach the 20th century, the 20th century, yes.

Y en el vídeo anterior os expliqué que se volvió a la monarquía. and|in|the|video|previous|you|I explained|that|itself|it returned|to|the|monarchy And in the previous video, I explained that the monarchy was restored.

Volvimos a tener un rey con Alfonso XII, que Alfonso XII era el hijo de Isabel II. we returned|to|to have|a|king|with|Alfonso|XII|that|Alfonso|XII|he was|the|son|of|Isabel|II We had a king again with Alfonso XII, who was the son of Isabel II.

Isabel II, su hijo era Alfonso XII, ¿no? Isabel|II|her|son|he was|Alfonso|XII|right Isabel II, her son was Alfonso XII, right?

Entonces, antes de Alfonso XII había la Primera República de España, un gobierno sin rey, no tenía reyes. then|before|of|Alfonso|XII|there was|the|First|Republic|of|Spain|a|government|without|king|not|it had|kings So, before Alfonso XII, there was the First Spanish Republic, a government without a king, it had no kings.

Pero al final, al final la situación era muy inestable, se dio el golpe de estado de Pavía. but|at the|end|||the|situation|it was|very|unstable|itself|it gave|the|blow|of|state|of|Pavía But in the end, the situation was very unstable, the coup d'état of Pavía occurred.

Golpe de estado de Pavía y entonces, en este momento, mucha gente quería que volviese un rey, querían volver a tener rey. blow|of|state|of|Pavía|and|then|in|this|moment|a lot of|people|they wanted|that|he returned|a|king|they wanted|to return|to|to have|king Coup d'état of Pavía and then, at that moment, many people wanted a king to return, they wanted to have a king again.

Y sí, Alfonso XII será rey desde 1875 a 1885. and|yes|Alfonso|XII|he will be|king|from|to And yes, Alfonso XII will be king from 1875 to 1885.

Y en 1885, cuando murió, Alfonso XII no tenía hijos varones, no tenía hijos que fueran varones. and|in|when|he died|Alfonso|XII|not|he had|children|male|not|he had|children|that|they were|male And in 1885, when he died, Alfonso XII had no male children, he had no children who were male.

Sí que tenía hijas, pero no tenía hijos varones. yes|that|she had|daughters|but|no|she had|sons|male Yes, she had daughters, but she did not have sons.

Pero la reina, en 1885, la reina sí que estaba embarazada, estaba embarazada. but|the|queen|in|the|queen|indeed|that|she was|pregnant|she was|pregnant But the queen, in 1885, the queen was indeed pregnant, she was pregnant.

Y después de que Alfonso XII muriese, nació, nació su hijo, su hijo que sería también rey, que será Alfonso XIII. and|after|of|that|Alfonso|XII|he died|she was born|she was born|her|son|her|son|that|he would be|also|king|that|he will be|Alfonso|XIII And after Alfonso XII died, her son was born, her son who would also be king, who would be Alfonso XIII.

Entonces, bueno, volveremos, volveremos aquí. then|well|we will return|we will return|here So, well, we will return, we will return here.

Pero por ahora vamos a hablar de cómo era el gobierno durante estos años. but|for|now|we are going|to|to talk|about|how|it was|the|government|during|these|years But for now, let's talk about how the government was during these years.

Y la persona que pensó esta restauración, que pensó, que diseñó la Vuelta de los Reyes fue Canovas del Castillo. and|the|person|who|she thought|this|restoration|that|||she designed|the|return|of|the|Kings|she was|Canovas|of the|Castle And the person who thought of this restoration, who conceived, who designed the Return of the Kings was Canovas del Castillo.

Era un político y era un político conservador, un político, bueno, de los que no les gustan que las cosas cambien, ¿no? she was|a|politician|and|she was|a|politician|conservative|a|politician|well|of|the|who|not|to them|they like|that|the|things|to change|right He was a politician and he was a conservative politician, a politician, well, one of those who don't like things to change, right?

Entonces, era conservador, pero sabía que en la época de Isabel II habían habido muchos problemas y no quería volver a estos problemas, so|she was|conservative|but|she knew|that|in|the|era|of|Isabel|II|there had been||many|problems|and|not|she wanted|to return|to|these|problems So, he was conservative, but he knew that during the time of Isabel II there had been many problems and he didn't want to return to those problems,

los problemas entre la derecha y la izquierda, ¿no? the|problems|between|the|right|and|the|left|not the problems between the right and the left, right?

Entonces, Canovas del Castillo crea dos partidos políticos, el partido conservador y el partido liberal. then|Canovas|of the|Castle|he creates|two|parties|political|the|party|conservative|and|the|party|liberal Then, Canovas del Castillo creates two political parties, the conservative party and the liberal party.

Y crean una constitución, una nueva constitución, la Constitución de 1876, que duró, duró mucho tiempo, duró hasta 1931. and|they create|a|constitution|a|new|constitution|the|Constitution|of|that|it lasted|it lasted|a lot of|time|it lasted|until And they create a constitution, a new constitution, the Constitution of 1876, which lasted, lasted a long time, lasted until 1931.

Entonces, su idea, lo que quería, era evitar los golpes de estado, evitar que los militares dieran golpes de estado como había pasado tantas veces antes. then|their|idea|what|that|he wanted|it was|to avoid|the|coups|of|state|to avoid|that|the|military|they gave|coups|of|state|as|there had|happened|so many|times|before So, his idea, what he wanted, was to avoid coups, to prevent the military from staging coups as had happened so many times before.

Entonces, su sistema fue el turnismo. then|its|system|it was|the|turnism So, their system was turn-taking.

Fue que los conservadores y los liberales hicieran turnos, se fueran turnando, fueran cambiando en el poder del gobierno. it was|that|the|conservatives|and|the|liberals|they made|shifts|themselves|they went|rotating|they were|changing|in|the|power|of the|government It was that the conservatives and the liberals would take turns, alternating, changing in government power.

Aunque, en verdad, a la población, a la gente, se les dejaba votar, la gente iba a votar. although|in|truth|to|the|population|to|the|people|themselves|to them|it allowed|to vote|the|people|they went|to|to vote Although, in truth, the population, the people, were allowed to vote, people went to vote.

Pero, si cuando la gente votaba, el gobierno no cambiaban, cambiaban los votos, se manipulaban los votos, se manipulaban las elecciones, but|if|when|the|people|they voted|the|government|not|they changed|they changed|the|votes|themselves|they manipulated|the|votes|themselves|they manipulated|the|elections But, when people voted, the government did not change, the votes were altered, the votes were manipulated, the elections were manipulated,

para que el gobierno fuera cambiando y todas las personas en el poder estuvieran contentas. for|that|the|government|it were|changing|and|all|the|people|in|the|power|they were|happy so that the government would change and all the people in power would be happy.

Entonces, esto fue posible porque los dos partidos sí que tenían algunas, algunas ideas en común, algunas ideas que eran iguales. then|this|it was|possible|because|the|two|parties|indeed|that|they had|some|some|ideas|in|common|some|ideas|that|they were|equal So, this was possible because the two parties did have some, some common ideas, some ideas that were the same.

Estaban de acuerdo en tener monarquía, en tener un rey o una reina. they were|in|agreement|to|to have|monarchy|to|to have|a|king|or|a|queen They agreed on having a monarchy, on having a king or a queen.

Estaban de acuerdo en tener propiedad privada, en que las personas pudiesen tener terrenos, pudiesen tener dinero, tener empresas. they were|in|agreement|to|to have|property|private|in|that|the|people|they could|to have|land|they could|to have|money|to have|companies They agreed on having private property, on people being able to own land, to have money, to have businesses.

Estaban de acuerdo en tener una constitución, estaban de acuerdo en tener un estado unitario, they were|of|agreement|to|to have|a|constitution|they were|of|agreement|to|to have|a|state|unitary They agreed to have a constitution, they agreed to have a unitary state,

en que todo el país de España se controlase desde un solo sitio, desde un solo gobierno. in|that|all|the|country|of|Spain|itself|it controlled|from|a|single|place|from|a|single|government that all of Spain would be controlled from a single place, from a single government.

Aunque, bueno, seguían habiendo personas que no estaban de acuerdo. although|well|they continued|having|people|that|not|they were|of|agreement Although, well, there were still people who disagreed.

Por ejemplo, los carlistas, las personas que todavía pensaban que esta reina y este rey no eran los correctos. for|example|the|Carlists|the|people|that|still|they thought|that|this|queen|and|this|king|not|they were|the|correct For example, the Carlists, the people who still thought that this queen and this king were not the right ones.

También la gente republicana, la gente que no quería tener rey o reina, no quería tener una monarquía. also|the|people|republican|the|people|that|not|wanted|to have|king|or|queen|not|wanted|to have|a|monarchy Also the republican people, the people who did not want to have a king or queen, did not want to have a monarchy.

Y bueno, también las clases obreras, las clases con menos dinero, que normalmente quedan un poco fuera de lo que quieren los políticos. and|well|also|the|classes|working|the|classes|with|less|money|that|normally|they remain|a|little|outside|of|what|that|they want|the|politicians And well, also the working classes, the classes with less money, who normally are a bit left out of what politicians want.

Y bueno, la verdad es que este sistema funcionó bastante bien hasta 1898. and|well|the|truth|is|that|this|system|it functioned|quite|well|until And well, the truth is that this system worked quite well until 1898.

Hasta 1898 fue bastante bien. until|it was|quite|well Until 1898 it was quite good.

Entonces, Canovas del Castillo era el líder de los conservadores y luego Sagasta, Sagasta era el líder de los liberales then|Canovas|of the|Castle|he was|the|leader|of|the|conservatives|and|then|Sagasta|Sagasta|she was|the|leader|of|the|liberals So, Canovas del Castillo was the leader of the conservatives and then Sagasta, Sagasta was the leader of the liberals.

y se fueron alternando en el poder Canovas del Castillo y Sagasta. and|themselves|they went|alternating|in|the|power|Canovas|of the|Castle|and|Sagasta And Canovas del Castillo and Sagasta alternated in power.

Y bueno, el sistema siguió hasta 1898, pero en este tiempo, desde el 75 al 98, sí que pasaron algunas cosas. and|well|the|system|it continued|until|but|in|this|time|from|the|to the|indeed|that|they passed|some|things And well, the system continued until 1898, but during this time, from 75 to 98, some things did happen.

En el 75 todavía estaban luchando la Tercera Guerra Carlista. in|the|still|they were|fighting|the|Third|War|Carlist In 75 they were still fighting the Third Carlist War.

Los carlistas que querían otro rey todavía seguían pensando que querían otro rey. the|Carlists|that|they wanted|another|king|still|they continued|thinking|that|they wanted|another|king The Carlists who wanted another king still thought they wanted another king.

Era ya la Tercera Guerra y otra vez perdieron. Como siempre, los carlistas perdieron. it was|already|the|Third|War|and|another|time|they lost|as|always|the|Carlists|they lost It was already the Third War and once again they lost. As always, the Carlists lost.

Luego, en 1878, fue la Guerra de Cuba. then|in|it was|the|War|of|Cuba Then, in 1878, there was the Cuban War.

Se luchó una guerra en Cuba en la que perdió España. España perdió la guerra, pero bueno, de esto hablaremos en otro vídeo. itself|it fought|a|war|in|Cuba|in|which|that|it lost|Spain|Spain|it lost|the|war|but|well|of|this|we will talk|in|another|video A war was fought in Cuba in which Spain lost. Spain lost the war, but well, we will talk about this in another video.

Y luego, en 1885, el rey se muere. and|then|in|the|king|himself|he dies And then, in 1885, the king dies.

Entonces, cuando el rey se muere, eso, su mujer estaba embarazada, su hijo nació y cuando su hijo nació, inmediatamente lo hicieron rey. then|when|the|king|himself|he dies|that|his|wife|she was|pregnant|his|son|he was born|and|when|his|son|he was born|immediately|him|they made|king So, when the king dies, his wife was pregnant, his son was born and when his son was born, they immediately made him king.

Dijeron, tú eres el rey, pero claro, el rey era menor de edad, el rey era un bebé. they said|you|you are|the|king|but|of course|the|king|he was|younger|of|age|the|king|he was|a|baby They said, you are the king, but of course, the king was underage, the king was a baby.

Y entonces, en ese momento, hicieron a su mujer la regente. Su mujer fue la reina regente. and|then|in|that|moment|they made|to|her|woman|the|regent|her|woman|she was|the|queen|regent And so, at that moment, they made his wife the regent. His wife was the queen regent.

Su mujer, María Cristina. Sí, María Cristina, pero es otra María Cristina. her|woman|Maria|Cristina|yes|Maria|Cristina||||| His wife, María Cristina. Yes, María Cristina, but it's another María Cristina.

Ya vimos una María Cristina en el siglo XIX, a principios del siglo XIX. already|we saw|a|Maria|Cristina|in|the|century|19th|at|beginnings|of the|century|19th We already saw a María Cristina in the 19th century, at the beginning of the 19th century.

Esta era otra María Cristina y María Cristina estuvo desde el 85 hasta 1902. this|it was|another|Maria|Cristina|and|Maria|Cristina|she was|from|the|until This was another María Cristina and María Cristina was in power from 1885 to 1902.

Y una cosa importante es que en 1890 se aprueba el sufragio universal, lo que llamaban sufragio universal en aquel momento. and|one|thing|important|it is|that|in|itself|it approves|the|suffrage|universal|what|that|they called|suffrage|universal|at|that|moment And one important thing is that in 1890 universal suffrage was approved, what they called universal suffrage at that time.

Sufragio quiere decir votar, votar en las elecciones, que las personas puedan escoger quién iba a ser el gobierno, ¿no? suffrage|it wants|to say|to vote||in|the|elections|that|the|people|they can|to choose|who|it was going|to|to be|the|government|right Suffrage means to vote, to vote in elections, for people to be able to choose who would be the government, right?

Aunque bueno, en verdad no eran elecciones verdaderas, estaba trucado, estaba amañado. although|well|in|truth|not|they were|elections|true|it was|rigged||manipulated Although, well, in truth they weren't real elections, they were rigged, they were manipulated.

Y en aquel momento lo llamaban sufragio universal, pero en verdad ahora lo llamaríamos sufragio universal masculino. and|in|that|moment|it|they called|suffrage|universal|but|in|truth|now|it|we would call|suffrage|universal|masculine And at that time they called it universal suffrage, but in truth we would now call it male universal suffrage.

Porque las mujeres, las mujeres no podían votar, eran solamente los hombres. because|the|women|the|women|not|they could|to vote|they were|only|the|men Because women, women could not vote, it was only men.

Pero sí, era mucho más amplio que antes. Antes solamente un porcentaje, un porcentaje muy pequeño de hombres podía votar. but|yes|it was|much|more|broad|than|before||only|a|percentage|a|percentage|very|small|of|men|he could|to vote But yes, it was much broader than before. Before, only a percentage, a very small percentage of men could vote.

Y ahora por lo menos eran todos los hombres. and|now|for|the|least|they were|all|the|men And now at least all men could.

Entonces, este sistema tenía un problema y es que cada partido dependía mucho de su líder. then|this|system|it had|a|problem|and|it is|that|each|party|it depended|a lot|on|its|leader So, this system had a problem, and that was that each party depended heavily on its leader.

Cada partido básicamente representaba la imagen de Cánovas del Castillo y de Sagasta. each|party|basically|it represented|the|image|of|Cánovas|of the|Castillo|and|of|Sagasta Each party basically represented the image of Cánovas del Castillo and Sagasta.

Entonces pasó algo. En 1897 un hombre, un anarquista italiano, un hombre de Italia que era anarquista, que no quería ninguna forma de gobierno, then|it happened|something|in|a|man|an|anarchist|Italian|a|man|from|Italy|who|he was|anarchist|who|not|he wanted|any|form|of|government Then something happened. In 1897 a man, an Italian anarchist, a man from Italy who was an anarchist, who did not want any form of government,

mató a Cánovas del Castillo. Lo asesinó y entonces en el partido conservador se creó inestabilidad. he killed|to|Cánovas|of the|Castle|it|he assassinated|and|then|in|the|party|conservative|itself|it created|instability killed Cánovas del Castillo. He assassinated him and then instability was created in the conservative party.

Ninguno de sus sucesores, ninguna de las personas que quería ser el siguiente líder era lo suficientemente bueno. none|of|his|successors|none|of|the|people|who|he wanted|to be|the|next|leader|he was|it|sufficiently|good None of his successors, none of the people who wanted to be the next leader were good enough.

Tenía pues suficientes amigos dentro del partido, suficientes personas que creyesen en él dentro del partido. he had|therefore|sufficient|friends|inside|of the|party|sufficient|people|who|they believed|in|him|inside|of the|party He had enough friends within the party, enough people who believed in him within the party.

Y en 1903 Sagasta enfermó, se puso enfermo y también se murió y el partido liberal tuvo el mismo problema. and|in|Sagasta|he fell ill|himself|he became|sick|and|also|himself|he died|and|the|party|liberal|it had|the|same|problem And in 1903, Sagasta fell ill, became sick, and also died, and the liberal party had the same problem.

Sí. Además, en 1898 España pierde sus últimos territorios en América. Es el desastre del 98. yes|furthermore|in|Spain|it loses|its|last|territories|in|America|it is|the|disaster|of the Yes. Furthermore, in 1898, Spain lost its last territories in America. It is the disaster of '98.

Y bueno, de esto os hablaré más en el próximo vídeo. Os diré exactamente qué pasó. and|well|of|this|to you|I will talk|more|in|the|next|video|to you|I will tell|exactly|what|happened And well, I will talk more about this in the next video. I will tell you exactly what happened.

Pero bueno, España, hubo una guerra en América y España perdió. Entonces esto fue el desastre del 98. but|well|Spain|there was|a|war|in|America|and|Spain|it lost|then|this|it was|the|disaster|of the But well, there was a war in America, and Spain lost. So this was the disaster of '98.

Entonces esto fue malo para la economía de España y también fue malo para la imagen de España globalmente. then|this|it was|bad|for|the|economy|of|Spain|and|also|it was|bad|for|the|image|of|Spain|globally So this was bad for the economy of Spain and it was also bad for Spain's image globally.

España dejó de ser una potencia mundial. Y sí, lo que pasó aquí como que hirió el orgullo de mucha gente Spain|it stopped|to|to be|a|power|world|and|yes|what|that|happened|here|as|that|it wounded|the|pride|of|a lot of|people Spain ceased to be a world power. And yes, what happened here kind of hurt the pride of many people.

y esto causó que empezase un movimiento que se conoce como regeneracionismo. and|this|it caused|to|to begin|a|movement|that|itself|it is known|as|regenerationism And this caused the start of a movement known as regenerationism.

Y el regeneracionismo buscaba mejorar España, mejorar la educación de las personas, and|the|regenerationism|it sought|to improve|Spain|to improve|the|education|of|the|people And regenerationism sought to improve Spain, to improve the education of the people,

intentando que la economía mejorase. Y bueno, en el futuro, en otro vídeo, veremos qué pasó con este sistema que se estaba acabando. trying|that|the|economy|it improved|and|well|in|the|future|in|another|video|we will see|what|happened|with|this|system|that|itself|it was|ending trying to improve the economy. And well, in the future, in another video, we will see what happened with this system that was coming to an end.

Pero antes, en el siguiente vídeo, veremos qué pasó en América, veremos qué pasó en la guerra en Cuba, la guerra entre Estados Unidos y España. but|before|in|the|next|video|we will see|what|happened|in|America|we will see|what|happened|in|the|war|in|Cuba|the|war|between|United|States|and|Spain But first, in the next video, we will see what happened in America, we will see what happened in the war in Cuba, the war between the United States and Spain.

Decidme, decidme vosotros a quién apoyáis. ¿Quién queréis que gane en esta guerra si Estados Unidos o España? ¿Vale? tell me|tell me|you all|to|whom|you support|who|you want|to|win|in|this|war|if|United|States|or|Spain|okay Tell me, tell me who you support. Who do you want to win in this war, the United States or Spain? Okay?

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