Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Subject form
Jag - I
Du - You (sing.)
Hon - She
Han - He
Den - It (en-words)
Det - It (ett-words)
Vi - We
Ni - You (pl.)
De [dohm] - They
*hen - gender neutral pronoun that is an alternative to gender-specific hon/han
예시:
- Jag heter Eva. - My name is Eva
- Du äter ett äpple. - You eat (are eating) an apple.
- Hon springer. - She runs (is running).
- Här är en bok. Den är min. - Here is a book. It is mine.
- Vi bor i ett hus. Det är vårt hus. - We live in a house. It is our house.
Object form
Jag → mig [mey] - me
Du → dig [dey] - you (sing.)
Hon → henne - her
Han → honom - him
Den → den - it
Det → det - it
Vi → os - us
Ni → er - you (pl.)
De → dem [dohm] - them
예시:
- Han älskar henne. - He loves her.
- Jag vill se dem. - I want to see them.
- Vi inbjuder dig. - We invite you.
Personal Pronouns
Jag → mig - myself
Du → dig - yourself
Hon → sig - herself
Han → sig - himself
Den → sig - itself
Det → sig - itself
Vi → oss - ourselves
Ni → er - yourselves
De → sig- themselves
Certain verbs have a reflexive pronoun, for instance:
Tvätta sig - to wash oneself
Resa sig - to get up
Lägga sig - to go to bed
Känna sig - to feel
Gifta sig - to get married
Bestämma sig - to decide
Skynda sig - to hurry
재귀 대명사는 절에서 주어와 목적어가 같은 사람을 지칭할 때 사용된다:
Jag måste lära mig svenska. - I need to learn Swedish.
Hon bestämde sig för att börja träna. - She decided to start training.
Vi gifter oss. - We are getting married.
소유격 대명사
단수형 | 복수형 | ||
en-words | ett-words | ||
Jag | min (my) | mitt | mina |
Du | din (your) | ditt | dina |
Hon | hennes (hers) | hennes | hennes |
Han | hans (his) | hans | hans |
Hen | hens (his/hers) | hens | hens |
Den/Det | dess (its) | dess | dess |
Vi | vår (our) | vårt | våra |
Ni | er (your) | ert | era |
De | deras (their) | deras | deras |
Possessive pronouns agree with the nouns that they belong to.
예시:
- Det är min katt. - It is my cat. (en katt - a cat)
- Huset är ditt. - The house is yours.(ett hus - a house)
- Där är mina skor. - There are my shoes. (en sko - one shoe; skor - shoes)
Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Form
In the third person singular and plural, it is important if the ”owner” of the object functions as the subject of the same clause or not.
단수형 | 복수형 | ||
en-words | ett-words | ||
han/hon/hen | sin | sitt | sina |
den/det/de | sin | sin | sina |
Anna frågar varför Eva inte vill dansa med sin pojkvän. (= Evas pojkvän) (”owner”: Eva) - Anna asks why Eva (subject) doesn’t want to dance with Eva’s boyfriend. ← Possessive reflexive (Eva doesn’t want to dance with her own boyfriend)
Anna frågar varför Eva inte vill dansa med hennes pojkvän. (= Annas pojkvän) (”owner”: Anna) - Anna asks why Eva (subject) doesn’t want to dance with Anna’s boyfriend. ← Possessive (Eva doesn’t want to dance with Anna’s boyfriend)
Anna vill dansa med sin pojkvän. - Anna wants to dance with her (own) boyfriend.
Relative Pronoun
관계 대명사 som (that, which) 은 종속절의 시작을 알리는 데 사용되며 사람과 사물을 모두 지칭할 수 있다. Som (that, which) 은 주어와 목적어의 역할을 모두 수행할 수 있다.
예시:
- Jonas har en dotter. Hon är fyra år. - Jonas has a daughter. She is four years old.→ Jonas har en dotter som är fyra år. (som = subject) - Jonas has a daughter who is four years old.
- Jonas har en dotter. Han älskar henne. - Jonas has a daughter. He loves her. →Jonas har en dotter som han älskar. ("som" = object) - Jonas has a daughter who he loves