Episode 276: Oxbridge [1]
Folge 276: Oxbridge [1]
Episodio 276: Oxbridge [1]
Épisode 276 : Oxbridge [1]
Episodio 276: Oxbridge [1]
第276話 オックスブリッジオックスブリッジ [1]
Episódio 276: Oxbridge [1]
Эпизод 276: Оксбридж [1]
Bölüm 276: Oxbridge [1]
Епізод 276: Оксбрідж [1].
第276集:牛津剑桥[1]
Hello, hello hello, and welcome to English Learning for Curious Minds, by Leonardo English.
Olá, olá, olá, e bem-vindo ao English Learning for Curious Minds, de Leonardo English.
The show where you can listen to fascinating stories, and learn weird and
L'émission où vous pouvez écouter des histoires fascinantes et apprendre des choses étranges et
O show onde você pode ouvir histórias fascinantes e aprender coisas estranhas e
wonderful things about the world at the same time as improving your English.
coisas maravilhosas sobre o mundo ao mesmo tempo em que melhora seu inglês.
I'm Alastair Budge, and today we are going to be talking
about Oxbridge, why two universities dominate life in the UK.
Oxbridge, if you hadn't guessed, is the name for Oxford and Cambridge
Oxbridge, falls Sie es nicht erraten haben, ist der Name für Oxford und Cambridge
Oxbridge, se você não adivinhou, é o nome de Oxford e Cambridge
University, the two most famous and prestigious universities that
University, die beiden berühmtesten und renommiertesten Universitäten, die
dominate everything from British politics to journalism to business.
And in this episode we are going to look at why that is, and what is being done about it.
Und in dieser Folge werden wir uns ansehen, warum das so ist und was dagegen getan wird.
Et dans cet épisode, nous allons voir pourquoi et ce qui est fait à ce sujet.
E neste episódio veremos por que isso acontece e o que está sendo feito a respeito.
І в цьому епізоді ми розглянемо, чому це так, і що з цим робиться.
We'll start with a brief look at the universities themself, the history of
Começaremos com um breve olhar sobre as próprias universidades, a história da
Oxford and Cambridge and how they are different from other universities in the
UK, then we'll look at why graduates from these universities dominate so much of
Reino Unido, veremos por que os graduados dessas universidades dominam tanto
British public life, and ask ourselves whether this will change any time soon.
britisches öffentliches Leben und fragen uns, ob sich das in absehbarer Zeit ändern wird.
la vie publique britannique, et demandons-nous si cela va bientôt changer.
vida pública britânica e nos perguntamos se isso mudará em breve.
британського суспільного життя, і запитати себе, чи зміниться це найближчим часом.
OK then, Oxbridge.
Before we get right into this episode I should start with a little personal disclaimer.
I didn't study at either Oxford or Cambridge.
Ich habe weder in Oxford noch in Cambridge studiert.
Je n'ai étudié ni à Oxford ni à Cambridge.
Não estudei nem em Oxford nem em Cambridge.
I did apply for Oxford, and was given an interview but, like the
Ich habe mich für Oxford beworben und bekam ein Vorstellungsgespräch, aber wie das
J'ai postulé pour Oxford et j'ai eu un entretien mais, comme le
Eu me inscrevi para Oxford e consegui uma entrevista, mas, como o
almost 85% of other people who applied, I was not offered a place,
Bei fast 85 % der anderen Bewerber wurde mir kein Platz angeboten,
près de 85% des autres personnes qui ont postulé, on ne m'a pas proposé de place,
quase 85% das outras pessoas que se inscreveram, não me ofereceram uma vaga,
and I went to another university called University College London.
und ich ging zu einer anderen Universität namens University College London.
Now, with that out of the way, let me start by saying that I
Nun, nachdem das aus dem Weg geräumt ist, lassen Sie mich zunächst sagen, dass ich
Maintenant que cela est réglé, permettez-moi de commencer par dire que je
imagine you will have heard of Oxford and Cambridge University.
Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie haben von Oxford und der Cambridge University gehört.
imagine que você já ouviu falar da Universidade de Oxford e Cambridge.
They are two of the most famous universities in the world, and often
São duas das universidades mais famosas do mundo, e frequentemente
come first in the global rankings of the best universities in the world.
den ersten Platz in der globalen Rangliste der besten Universitäten der Welt einnehmen.
vêm em primeiro lugar no ranking global das melhores universidades do mundo.
Together with places like Harvard, Stanford and MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
you will find Oxford and Cambridge on pretty much every list of top five universities worldwide.
vous trouverez Oxford et Cambridge sur pratiquement toutes les listes des cinq meilleures universités du monde.
você encontrará Oxford e Cambridge em praticamente todas as listas das cinco principais universidades do mundo.
No doubt you knew that already, but what you might not have known is quite how much
Zweifellos wussten Sie das bereits, aber was Sie vielleicht nicht wussten, ist, wie viel
Vous le saviez sans doute déjà, mais ce que vous ne saviez peut-être pas, c'est à quel point
Sem dúvida você já sabia disso, mas o que talvez não soubesse é o quanto
Nepochybne ste to už vedeli, ale možno ste nevedeli, ako veľmi
Oxford and Cambridge, or simply, Oxbridge, dominates the ruling class in Britain.
Graduates from Oxbridge make up less than 1% of the UK population, but make up
Les diplômés d'Oxbridge représentent moins de 1 % de la population britannique, mais constituent
Absolventi Oxbridge tvoria menej ako 1 % populácie Spojeného kráľovstva, ale tvoria
75% of senior judges, 51% of diplomats, 47% of columnists for major newspapers,
75 % der hochrangigen Richter, 51 % der Diplomaten, 47 % der Kolumnisten großer Zeitungen,
75 % vyšších sudcov, 51 % diplomatov, 47 % publicistov vo veľkých novinách,
a quarter of MPs, of members of parliament, and one in five civil servants.
ein Viertel der Abgeordneten, der Abgeordneten und jeder fünfte Beamte.
un quart des députés, des parlementaires et un fonctionnaire sur cinq.
štvrtina poslancov, členov parlamentu a každý piaty štátny zamestnanec.
And neither university is particularly large, in terms of how many students it takes.
Und keine der beiden Universitäten ist besonders groß, was die Anzahl der Studierenden betrifft.
Et aucune université n'est particulièrement grande, en termes de nombre d'étudiants qu'il faut.
E nenhuma das universidades é particularmente grande em termos de número de alunos.
Ani jedna z univerzít nie je obzvlášť veľká, pokiaľ ide o počet študentov.
Oxford only takes 12 and a half thousand undergraduates, and Cambridge takes a similar number.
Oxford aceita apenas 12 mil e quinhentos alunos de graduação, e Cambridge recebe um número semelhante.
Oxford prijíma len 12 a pol tisíca študentov a Cambridge podobný počet.
Both universities have about the same number of postgraduate students, Masters and PhD
Obe univerzity majú približne rovnaký počet postgraduálnych študentov, magistrov a doktorandov.
students, which takes the total number of students studying at each university to around 25,000.
alunos, o que leva o número total de alunos que estudam em cada universidade para cerca de 25.000.
At Oxbridge in total, undergraduates and postgraduates in the two
universities put together, there are fewer than 50,000 students, but these
universités réunies, il y a moins de 50 000 étudiants, mais ces
universidades juntas, há menos de 50.000 alunos, mas esses
students have an outsized impact on Britain, and indeed, the wider world.
os alunos têm um impacto enorme na Grã-Bretanha e, de fato, no mundo em geral.
študenti majú veľký vplyv na Veľkú Britániu a vlastne aj na celý svet.
As a point of comparison, Harvard has about 23,000, so it's about the same, while
universities like UC Berkeley have about 45,000 and the Sorbonne in Paris has over 55,000.
universidades como a UC Berkeley têm cerca de 45.000 e a Sorbonne em Paris tem mais de 55.000.
Both Oxford and Cambridge, on a structural level, are very different
Oxford e Cambridge, a nível estrutural, são muito diferentes
from most universities in the UK, and most universities in the world.
da maioria das universidades do Reino Unido e da maioria das universidades do mundo.
The universities are divided into self-governing
As universidades são divididas em autogovernadas
Univerzity sú rozdelené na samosprávne
colleges: Oxford has 39 colleges while Cambridge has 31.
On a linguistic level it might sound confusing, because what British people
Sur le plan linguistique, cela peut sembler déroutant, car ce que les Britanniques
Em um nível linguístico, pode parecer confuso, porque o que os britânicos
Na jazykovej úrovni to môže znieť mätúco, pretože to, čo Briti
call “university”, Americans call both “college” and “school”, and in Oxford and
appellent « université », les Américains appellent à la fois « collège » et « école », et à Oxford et
chamam de “universidade”, os americanos chamam de “faculdade” e “escola”, e em Oxford e
Cambridge you have the “university”, but within it you have separate “colleges”.
Cambridge, vous avez l'"université", mais en son sein, vous avez des "collèges" séparés.
Cambridge você tem a “universidade”, mas dentro dela você tem “faculdades” separadas.
V Cambridge máte "univerzitu", ale v rámci nej máte samostatné "vysoké školy".
The university is a sort of umbrella around the colleges, and the degree certificate
A universidade é uma espécie de guarda-chuva em torno das faculdades, e o certificado de graduação
Univerzita je akýmsi zastrešením vysokých škôl a certifikát o získaní titulu
is from the university, but most of student life is dominated by the college.
é da universidade, mas a maior parte da vida estudantil é dominada pela faculdade.
je z univerzity, ale väčšine študentského života dominuje vysoká škola.
Students live in the college, and university professors,
Os alunos moram na faculdade, e os professores universitários,
otherwise known as “dons” are attached to a particular college.
autrement appelés «dons» sont attachés à un collège particulier.
também conhecidos como “dons” são vinculados a uma faculdade específica.
inak známi ako "dons", sú viazaní na konkrétnu vysokú školu.
інакше відомі як "дони", прикріплені до певного коледжу.
The reason for this is historical, Oxford and Cambridge originally
Dôvod je historický, Oxford a Cambridge pôvodne
began as monastic-like institutions with the teaching staff – the dons,
começaram como instituições de tipo monástico com o corpo docente - os dons,
začínali ako kláštorné inštitúcie s učiteľským zborom - dónmi,
who were priests originally – enclosed within the college's walls.
que eram padres originalmente – fechados dentro das paredes do colégio.
ktorí boli pôvodne kňazmi - uzavretí v múroch kolégia.
які спочатку були священиками - ув'язнені в стінах коледжу.
As you may know if you've been there, and you may know anyway if you've seen pictures, many of these
Comme vous le savez peut-être si vous y êtes allé, et vous le savez peut-être de toute façon si vous avez vu des photos, bon nombre de ces
Como você deve saber se já esteve lá, e pode saber de qualquer maneira se viu fotos, muitas dessas
colleges are incredibly beautiful buildings, with the most beautiful for many being the chapel.
as faculdades são edifícios incrivelmente bonitos, sendo o mais bonito para muitos a capela.
Vysoké školy sú neuveriteľne krásne budovy, pričom pre mnohých je najkrajšia kaplnka.
They did, after all, begin life as religious places, hence why
Afinal, eles começaram a vida como lugares religiosos, por isso
Koniec koncov, začali svoj život ako náboženské miesta, preto
no expense would be spared for the centre of religious worship.
aucune dépense ne serait épargnée pour le centre du culte religieux.
nenhuma despesa seria poupada para o centro de culto religioso.
na centre náboženských obradov sa nešetrilo.
для центру релігійного поклоніння не шкодували б жодних коштів.
The emphasis placed on the self-contained college community also means that
L'accent mis sur la communauté collégiale autonome signifie également que
A ênfase colocada na comunidade universitária independente também significa que
Dôraz kladený na samostatnú vysokoškolskú komunitu tiež znamená, že
they have elegant, enclosed " quads” or squares and wonderful dining halls,
ils ont des "quads" ou des carrés élégants et fermés et de magnifiques salles à manger,
eles têm "quads" ou quadrados elegantes e fechados e maravilhosos refeitórios,
majú elegantné, uzavreté "štvorce" alebo námestia a nádherné jedálne,
such as the one you might be familiar with from the Harry Potter films.
comme celui que vous connaissez peut-être dans les films Harry Potter.
ako je ten, ktorý možno poznáte z filmov o Harrym Potterovi.
Unlike in many other universities, where there are large lectures attended by
Contrairement à de nombreuses autres universités, où il y a de grandes conférences auxquelles assistent
Ao contrário de muitas outras universidades, onde há grandes palestras assistidas por
Na rozdiel od mnohých iných univerzít, kde sú veľké prednášky navštevujú
hundreds of students, and then there might be exams or assignments set at the end
des centaines d'étudiants, puis il pourrait y avoir des examens ou des devoirs à la fin
centenas de alunos, e então pode haver exames ou tarefas definidas no final
stovky študentov, a potom tam môžu byť skúšky alebo úlohy stanovené na konci
of each term, undergraduate students at Oxbridge are typically taught in small
de chaque trimestre, les étudiants de premier cycle à Oxbridge sont généralement enseignés dans de petites
de cada período, os alunos de graduação em Oxbridge são normalmente ensinados em pequenas
každého semestra sa študenti bakalárskeho štúdia na Oxbridge zvyčajne učia v malých
tutorial groups, often just two or three undergraduates to a single professor.
výučbové skupiny, často len dvaja alebo traja vysokoškoláci na jedného profesora.
навчальні групи, часто лише двоє чи троє студентів на одного професора.
This tutorial style makes the teaching particularly intimate and, as you can imagine,
Este estilo tutorial torna o ensino particularmente íntimo e, como você pode imaginar,
Такий стиль викладання робить навчання особливо інтимним і, як ви можете собі уявити, інтимним,
means that students are often pushed and challenged more than at typical universities.
significa que os alunos são frequentemente pressionados e desafiados mais do que em universidades típicas.
znamená, že študenti sú často vystavení väčším tlakom a výzvam ako na bežných univerzitách.
Another particularly unique aspect of Oxbridge is the sheer amount of
Outro aspecto particularmente único da Oxbridge é a grande quantidade de
Ďalším mimoriadne jedinečným aspektom Oxbridge je obrovské množstvo
work that most undergraduates are required to do on a weekly basis.
travail que la plupart des étudiants de premier cycle sont tenus de faire sur une base hebdomadaire.
trabalho que a maioria dos alunos de graduação deve fazer semanalmente.
práca, ktorú musí väčšina vysokoškolákov vykonávať každý týždeň.
At many universities, throughout the UK but throughout much of the world, the workload,
Em muitas universidades, em todo o Reino Unido, mas em grande parte do mundo, a carga de trabalho,
Na mnohých univerzitách vo Veľkej Británii, ale aj vo veľkej časti sveta, je pracovná záťaž,
the amount of work that you actually have to do, is not particularly strenuous.
množstvo práce, ktoré musíte skutočne vykonať, nie je obzvlášť náročné.
In an average term, you might have to do a few assignments per
Em um prazo médio, você pode ter que fazer algumas atribuições por
V priemernom semestri budete musieť vypracovať niekoľko úloh za
class, and you will normally be given several weeks to do them.
classe, et vous aurez normalement plusieurs semaines pour les faire.
classe, e você normalmente terá várias semanas para fazê-los.
a na ich vypracovanie budete mať zvyčajne niekoľko týždňov.
At Oxbridge, students are required to be almost constantly doing assignments, every week there
Na Oxbridge sa od študentov vyžaduje, aby takmer neustále plnili úlohy, každý týždeň
is a new assignment that needs to be completed within 7 days, and there is no option to extend.
is a new assignment that needs to be completed within 7 days, and there is no option to extend.
est une nouvelle mission qui doit être terminée dans les 7 jours, et il n'y a pas d'option de prolongation.
é uma nova atribuição que precisa ser concluída em 7 dias e não há opção de prorrogação.
je nová úloha, ktorú je potrebné dokončiť do 7 dní a nie je možné ju predĺžiť.
The pace, the speed, is furious, and–as we'll come to discuss shortly–one of
Le rythme, la vitesse, est furieux, et - comme nous en parlerons bientôt - l'un des
O ritmo, a velocidade, é furioso e - como discutiremos em breve - um dos
Tempo, rýchlosť, je zúrivé a - ako o tom budeme hovoriť o chvíľu - jedným z
the main skills that Oxford graduates often say that the university has given
les principales compétences que les diplômés d'Oxford disent souvent que l'université a donné
as principais habilidades que os graduados em Oxford costumam dizer que a universidade deu
hlavné zručnosti, ktoré absolventi Oxfordu často uvádzajú, že im univerzita dala
is the ability to produce a large amount of work in a very short period of time.
je schopnosť vytvoriť veľké množstvo práce za veľmi krátky čas.
If we contrast this to the university system in, let's say Italy–and
Ak to porovnáme s univerzitným systémom povedzme v Taliansku - a
apologies if you are Italian, but I say this both having studied at an Italian
excuses si vous êtes italien, mais je dis cela tous les deux ayant étudié dans un italien
peço desculpas se você é italiano, mas digo isso por ter estudado em um italiano
ospravedlňujem sa, ak ste Talian, ale hovorím, že to ako študoval na talianskej
university and my wife being Italian–there is little time pressure for most
l'université et ma femme étant italienne - il y a peu de contraintes de temps pour la plupart
universidade e minha esposa é italiana - há pouca pressão de tempo para a maioria
univerzita a moja manželka je taliansky-je malý časový tlak pre väčšinu
subjects, and it isn't uncommon for people to take several years to graduate.
matières, et il n'est pas rare que les gens prennent plusieurs années pour obtenir leur diplôme.
assuntos, e não é incomum que as pessoas levem vários anos para se formar.
a nezriedka trvá niekoľko rokov, kým ľudia ukončia štúdium.
At Oxbridge this simply isn't an option.
Every week there is a tremendous amount of work that needs to be
completed, there is no hiding from it because you will have these
terminé, il n'y a pas à s'en cacher car vous aurez ces
concluído, não há como se esconder porque você terá esses
small tuition groups, and it simply isn't possible to not do the work.
petits groupes de scolarité, et il n'est tout simplement pas possible de ne pas faire le travail.
The result of this is that you have this curious situation where students within each
O resultado disso é que você tem essa situação curiosa em que os alunos de cada
college will often know each other very well, as they live and study together intensely,
collège se connaissent souvent très bien, car ils vivent et étudient ensemble intensément,
faculdade muitas vezes se conhecem muito bem, pois vivem e estudam juntos intensamente,
but may not even have met other students doing the same course at another college.
mais n'ont peut-être même pas rencontré d'autres étudiants suivant le même cours dans un autre collège.
mas pode até não ter conhecido outros alunos fazendo o mesmo curso em outra faculdade.
але, можливо, навіть не знайомі з іншими студентами, які навчаються на тому ж курсі в іншому коледжі.
Even within the university, some colleges are more prestigious than others.
Même au sein de l'université, certains collèges sont plus prestigieux que d'autres.
Mesmo dentro da universidade, algumas faculdades são mais prestigiadas do que outras.
At Oxford, one of the most prestigious colleges is called Christ
Church, which was in fact founded by King Henry VIII in 1546.
It only teaches 730 undergraduate students per year,
but has a formidable list of alumni, or former students.
mais a une liste formidable d'anciens élèves ou d'anciens étudiants.
mas tem uma lista formidável de ex-alunos ou ex-alunos.
але має значний список випускників або колишніх студентів.
Of the 28 British prime ministers educated at Oxford, 13 have come from this one college.
Dos 28 primeiros-ministros britânicos formados em Oxford, 13 vieram dessa faculdade.
But it's not just prime ministers.
Among its famous alumni you will find the philosopher John
Entre seus famosos ex-alunos, você encontrará o filósofo John
Locke, and Robert Hooke, the 18th century scientist and inventor.
Writers include the 1930s poet WH Auden and Lewis
Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Meanwhile at Cambridge, let us take a look at the other college
Enquanto isso, em Cambridge, vamos dar uma olhada na outra faculdade
founded by Henry VIII, the prestigious Trinity College, which has
even fewer undergraduates than Christ Church Oxford at only 600.
ainda menos graduandos do que Christ Church Oxford em apenas 600.
Here, the record is not so much in prime ministers, although it can name six British
Ici, le record n'est pas tant dans les premiers ministres, bien qu'il puisse nommer six britanniques
Aqui, o recorde não é tanto de primeiros-ministros, embora possa citar seis britânicos
ones and five other ones, including the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru.
et cinq autres, dont le premier Premier ministre de l'Inde, Jawaharlal Nehru.
Trinity College is most famous for its Nobel prize winners.
Now, you might find this difficult to believe, but Trinity College Cambridge
has produced 34 Nobel laureates since Nobels started being awarded in 1901.
produziu 34 laureados com o Nobel desde que os Nobels começaram a ser concedidos em 1901.
This is out of 118 that have been generated by Cambridge
Isso é de 118 que foram gerados por Cambridge
University, and the 975 that have been awarded worldwide.
University e os 975 premiados em todo o mundo.
Indeed, were Cambridge University a country, it would be the country
En effet, si l'Université de Cambridge était un pays, ce serait le pays
with the third highest number of Nobel prizes awarded in the world.
avec le troisième plus grand nombre de prix Nobel décernés dans le monde.
And although Christ Church in Oxford and Trinity in Cambridge might be two of
the most prestigious colleges of the university, and typically perform best
academically, every college is prestigious, and pretty much every single college
will have famous and notable alumni that have gone on to have a global influence.
terá ex-alunos famosos e notáveis que passaram a ter uma influência global.
Alumni of Oxbridge are too many to name, but let me just give you a few examples.
Ex-alunos de Oxbridge são muitos para citar, mas deixe-me dar alguns exemplos.
The current UK prime minister, Boris Johnson, the previous
one, Theresa May, the one before that, David Cameron.
Indeed, more British Prime Ministers have gone to Oxbridge than every other university put together.
And of course it's not just prime ministers and politicians.
J.R.R.
Tolkein, Emma Watson, Benazir Bhutto, Bill Clinton, Stephen Hawking, Rupert
Murdorch, Hugh Grant, Rowan Atkinson, who you might know better as Mr Bean, and
Murdorch, Hugh Grant, Rowan Atkinson, que vous connaissez peut-être mieux sous le nom de Mr Bean, et
Aung San Suu Kyi, they all spent time studying at either Oxford or Cambridge.
Now, to get back to the question of how and why Oxbridge has such an oversized
influence on British life, this is one that is often a subject of debate in the UK.
Is it because the brightest and most ambitious students are attracted to Oxbridge, and therefore
it's only natural that these young men and women will go on to have successful professional careers?
Is it because the tuition system at Oxbridge is so intense and
personal, that of course it will produce more knowledgeable, productive
and capable graduates than students of another university system?
Is it because the brand names of Oxford and Cambridge University are now so
recognised that if someone has this name on their CV, on their resume, that they
will be given opportunities and job interviews where another candidate might not?
aura-t-il des opportunités et des entretiens d'embauche là où un autre candidat pourrait ne pas le faire ?
Is it because of the alumni network that exists, of students living and
working in such close proximity, as each graduate forges their own career
path they will work with and help their former university colleagues?
Is it the confidence and charisma that going to Oxbridge
Est-ce la confiance et le charisme qui vont à Oxbridge
instils in a young person, which often stays with them for life?
insuffle à un jeune, qui reste souvent avec lui toute sa vie ?
Or is it a combination of everything?
Ou est-ce un mélange de tout ?
As you'd imagine, there are countless articles in newspapers and journals
about why exactly this is, but the result is, as we've seen, the sheer
domination of British public life by graduates from these universities.
You might argue that this is an unhealthy situation, one where such a tiny
proportion of the population has such a large impact on life in the country.
You might argue that it's a good thing, if the brightest and most capable 18 year olds are
given the opportunity to live and study with other similarly bright and capable 18 year
olds, so they can all learn from each other, be pushed forward by each other's ambition,
and generally do better than if they studied with a random collection of students.
Either opinion may be valid, but it does hinge upon whether you
L'une ou l'autre opinion peut être valable, mais cela dépend si vous
believe that access to these universities is fair and unbiased.
And unfortunately, on this count, both universities have come under increasing pressure
Et malheureusement, à ce titre, les deux universités subissent une pression croissante
and scrutiny, with critics saying that Oxford and Cambridge have historically preferred
candidates from private schools, fee-paying schools, rather than state schools.
Six and a half percent of children in Britain go to private schools, but up until
recently around 50% of Oxford and Cambridge graduates went to private schools.
récemment, environ 50% des diplômés d'Oxford et de Cambridge sont allés dans des écoles privées.
недавно около 50% выпускников Оксфорда и Кембриджа пошли в частные школы.
In the past 20 years or so, both Oxford and Cambridge have pledged to increase the number of
places offered to candidates from state schools, and have a goal of 75% of places going to
state school pupils, but there is still a way to go, with Oxford at 68% and Cambridge at 71%.
This being said, there are still critics who say that these statistics hide
Ceci dit, il y a encore des critiques qui disent que ces statistiques cachent
another ugly truth, and that is that not all state schools are created equal.
Some are very high quality academically, while others are not.
And for exceptionally talented students who have not been lucky enough to go to a good school
Et pour les étudiants exceptionnellement talentueux qui n'ont pas eu la chance d'aller dans une bonne école