Homeschool History – The Restoration (1) Homeschool Geschichte - Die Restauration (1) Homeschool History - La Restauración (1) Homeschool History - La Restauration (1) ホームスクールの歴史 - 維新 (1) Istorija mokykloms namams - Atkūrimas (1) Homeschool Geschiedenis - De Restauratie (1) Historia Homeschool - Przywrócenie (1) História do ensino doméstico - A Restauração (1) Домашняя история - Реставрация (1) Ev Okulu Tarihi - Restorasyon (1) Історія домашньої школи - реставрація (1) 家庭学校历史 - 王权复辟 (1) 家庭學校史 – 復興 (1)

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Hello and welcome to “Homeschool History” with Greg Jenner. I'm Greg and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show “Horrible Histories” and on the BBC podcast “You're dead to me”, but that one's mostly for grown-ups. I'm Greg and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show “Horrible Histories” and on the BBC podcast “You're dead to me”, but that one's mostly for grown-ups. With everyone being cooped up in the house, I thought I'd do a brand new pop-up podcast that delivers a snappy history lesson to entertain and educate the whole family. Herkes eve hapsolmuşken, tüm aileyi eğlendirmek ve eğitmek için hızlı bir tarih dersi veren yepyeni bir pop-up podcast yapmayı düşündüm. Who says that homeschooling can't be a bit of fun? Kim evde eğitimin biraz eğlenceli olamayacağını söylüyor?

Today we are jumping back 360 years to romp through the 1660s and learn all about King Charles II and the restoration of the monarchy. 今日は360年前に戻って1660年代を駆け巡り、チャールズ2世と王政復古について学びます。 And listen up, because at the end of the episode there will be a short quiz to see how much you can remember. そして耳を傾けてほしい。エピソードの最後には、どれだけ覚えているか短いクイズがある。 Ve dinleyin, çünkü bölümün sonunda ne kadarını hatırlayabildiğinizi görmek için kısa bir sınav olacak. But, don't worry, no pressure. でも、心配しないで。 Ama endişelenme, baskı yok.

So, what was the Restoration? では、維新とは何だったのか？ Peki Restorasyon neydi? Well, if you're restoring something that means something has been taken away and needs to be put back. まあ、何かを復元するということは、何かが奪われ、元に戻す必要があるということだ。 Eğer bir şeyi restore ediyorsanız, bu bir şeyin alınmış olduğu ve geri konulması gerektiği anlamına gelir. And that thing was: the king! そして、そのこととは "王 "だった！ Ve o şey şuydu: kral!

In the 1640s, there had been horrible civil wars in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales and people were either on the side of the king, who's name was Charles I, or they were on the side of Parliament, and after lots of battles, Parliament won the war. In den 1640er Jahren hatte es in England, Irland, Schottland und Wales schreckliche Bürgerkriege gegeben, und die Menschen standen entweder auf der Seite des Königs, der Karl I. hieß, oder auf der Seite des Parlaments, und nach vielen Schlachten gewann das Parlament den Krieg. 1640年代には、イングランド、アイルランド、スコットランド、ウェールズでひどい内戦があり、人々はチャールズ1世という王の側につくか、議会の側につくかのどちらかだった。 1640'larda İngiltere, İrlanda, İskoçya ve Galler'de korkunç iç savaşlar olmuştu ve insanlar ya adı Charles I olan kralın tarafındaydı ya da Parlamento'nun tarafındaydı ve birçok savaştan sonra, Parlamento savaşı kazandı.

In 1649, King Charles I was put on trial and found guilty of treason and that's the biggest crime there is, it's even worse than licking all the biscuits so someone else can't eat them. Im Jahr 1649 wurde König Karl I. vor Gericht gestellt und des Hochverrats für schuldig befunden. Das ist das größte Verbrechen, das es gibt, und noch schlimmer, als alle Kekse abzulecken, damit sie nicht von anderen gegessen werden können. 1649年、国王チャールズ1世は裁判にかけられ、反逆罪で有罪となった。 1649'da Kral I. Charles yargılandı ve vatana ihanetten suçlu bulundu ve bu var olan en büyük suçtur, başkası yemesin diye bütün bisküvileri yalamaktan bile daha kötüdür.

Not only did the country part ways with Charles as their king, Charles's head and body parted ways too, he was executed. 国がシャルルを王として袂を分かっただけでなく、シャルルの頭と体も袂を分かち、彼は処刑された。 Ülke, Charles'ın kral olmasıyla yollarını ayırmadı, Charles'ın başı ve vücudu da yollarını ayırdı, idam edildi.

With King Charles dead, his son – also called Charles – (bit lazy in fairness), thought that he would be the next king. シャルル王が死んだため、その息子（シャルルとも呼ばれる）は（公平を期すために少し怠け者だが）自分が次の王になると考えた。 Kral Charles öldüğünde, oğlu - Charles olarak da bilinir - (adalet konusunda biraz tembel), bir sonraki kral olacağını düşündü. But the English said: No, we don't want a new king. Ama İngilizler dedi ki: Hayır, biz yeni bir kral istemiyoruz.

Charles was a bit upset about this. Charles bu duruma biraz üzüldü. He'd been living in France and the Netherlands and he thought: ‘Right, well, I'm going to invade then and take my throne.' フランスとオランダに住んでいた彼は、『よし、それなら侵略して王位を奪おう』と考えた。 Fransa ve Hollanda'da yaşıyordu ve 'Pekala, o zaman istila edip tahtımı alacağım' diye düşündü.

So he turned up in Scotland. それでスコットランドに現れた。 Böylece İskoçya'da ortaya çıktı. He lost the battle of Dunbar and then he tried again, the battle of Worcester, in England. 彼はダンバーの戦いに敗れ、イギリスのウスターの戦いに再挑戦した。 Dunbar savaşını kaybetti ve ardından İngiltere'deki Worcester savaşını tekrar denedi. And he lost that one, too. そして、この試合でも敗れた。 Ve onu da kaybetti. He ended up having to hide in an oak tree, like some sort of very large, very posh squirrel. Am Ende musste er sich in einer Eiche verstecken, wie eine Art sehr großes, sehr vornehmes Eichhörnchen. 結局、彼はオークの木に隠れなければならなかった。 Sonunda bir tür çok büyük, çok gösterişli sincap gibi bir meşe ağacına saklanmak zorunda kaldı.

And then, he decided to leave the country and go back to the Netherlands. そして、国を出てオランダに戻ることを決めた。 (– Bye-bye!)

In short: Kings were no longer in charge. Kurzum: Die Könige hatten nicht mehr das Sagen. 要するに、王たちはもはや主導権を握っていなかったのだ。 Kısacası: Krallar artık yönetimde değildi. Instead, in came the Commonwealth run by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell. その代わり、護民官オリバー・クロムウェルによる英連邦が誕生した。 Bunun yerine, Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell tarafından yönetilen İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu geldi. Now, he was a bit like a king but not a king. Şimdi, biraz kral gibiydi ama kral değildi. And to prove it, he got rid of the crown jewels. Und um das zu beweisen, hat er die Kronjuwelen entsorgt. それを証明するために、彼は王冠の宝石を処分した。 Ve bunu kanıtlamak için taç mücevherlerinden kurtuldu. Now, Cromwell wanted to make society more religious. Nun wollte Cromwell die Gesellschaft religiöser machen. さて、クロムウェルは社会をより宗教的にしたかった。 Şimdi, Cromwell toplumu daha dindar hale getirmek istiyordu. He was a Puritan, so his parliament made new laws banning theatre and sport and gambling and all the fun stuff that people liked. Er war Puritaner, und so erließ sein Parlament neue Gesetze, die Theater, Sport, Glücksspiele und all die lustigen Dinge verboten, die den Menschen gefielen. O bir Püritendi, bu yüzden parlamentosu tiyatroyu, sporu, kumarı ve insanların sevdiği tüm eğlenceli şeyleri yasaklayan yeni yasalar çıkardı.

But then, in 1658, Cromwell made the terrible error of stopping being alive – rookie mistake. Doch dann, 1658, beging Cromwell den schrecklichen Fehler, nicht mehr am Leben zu sein - ein Anfängerfehler. しかし1658年、クロムウェルは生きていることをやめるというとんでもない過ちを犯した。 Ama sonra, 1658'de Cromwell, hayatta kalmayı bırakmak gibi korkunç bir hata yaptı - çaylak hatası.

And even though he wasn't a king, the job of Lord Protector went straight to his son, Richard Cromwell, which is very much what happens with kings. Und obwohl er kein König war, ging das Amt des Lordprotektors direkt an seinen Sohn Richard Cromwell über, wie es bei Königen üblich ist. そして、彼は王ではなかったにもかかわらず、護民官の仕事は息子のリチャード・クロムウェルに引き継がれた。 Ve o bir kral olmasa da, Lord Protector'un görevi doğrudan oğlu Richard Cromwell'e gitti, ki bu kralların başına gelen bir şey.

Hmm, sounds a bit suspicious to me. うーん、私にはちょっと怪しく聞こえる。

Anyway, Richard Cromwell turned out to be more useless than a hammer made of jelly, he was absolutely rubbish and very, very unpopular. とにかく、リチャード・クロムウェルはゼリーでできたハンマーよりも役に立たないことが判明した。 Her neyse, Richard Cromwell'in jöleden yapılmış bir çekiçten daha işe yaramaz olduğu ortaya çıktı, kesinlikle çöptü ve çok ama çok popüler değildi.

So, two of Oliver Cromwell's most loyal generals, Charles Fleetwood and John Lambert, marched into Westminster and refused to let Parliament enter the building. So marschierten zwei von Oliver Cromwells loyalsten Generälen, Charles Fleetwood und John Lambert, in Westminster ein und verweigerten dem Parlament den Zutritt zum Gebäude. そこで、オリバー・クロムウェルの最も忠実な将軍であったチャールズ・フリートウッドとジョン・ランバートの2人がウェストミンスターに進軍し、議会が建物に入るのを拒否した。 Böylece, Oliver Cromwell'in en sadık generallerinden ikisi, Charles Fleetwood ve John Lambert, Westminster'a yürüdüler ve Parlamentonun binaya girmesine izin vermediler. So, Fleetwood and Lambert were now kind of in charge but then another powerful gentleman turned up and his name was George Monck and he was even more impressive and more influential and he came down and he said: “I'm in charge now!” それで、フリートウッドとランバートの2人が責任者のような立場になったのだが、そこにもう1人、ジョージ・モンクという強力な紳士が現れた："今仕切っているのは俺だ！" Yani, Fleetwood ve Lambert artık bir nevi yetki sahibiydiler ama sonra başka bir güçlü beyefendi ortaya çıktı ve adı George Monck'du ve o daha da etkileyici ve etkiliydi ve geldi ve şöyle dedi: "Artık yönetim benim!"

If you're thinking this all sounds a bit complicated, you're not the only one. 少し複雑に聞こえるかもしれないが、それはあなただけではない。 Tüm bunların kulağa biraz karmaşık geldiğini düşünüyorsanız, tek kişi siz değilsiniz.

King Charles had been too arrogant, so they'd executed him and Oliver Cromwell had been too controlling and he died and Richard Cromwell had been too useless and everyone wanted rid of him. チャールズ王は傲慢すぎたので処刑され、オリバー・クロムウェルは支配的すぎたので死んだ。 Kral Charles fazla kibirliydi, bu yüzden onu idam etmişlerdi ve Oliver Cromwell fazla kontrolcüydü ve o öldü ve Richard Cromwell fazla işe yaramazdı ve herkes ondan kurtulmak istiyordu. So, politics had just become a total mess for 20 years. Die Politik war also 20 Jahre lang ein einziges Chaos. だから、政治は20年間、混乱しっぱなしだった。 Yani siyaset 20 yıldır tam bir karmaşa haline gelmişti. The people in the country just wanted some stability. 国民はただ安定を望んでいた。

Maybe, maybe having a king wasn't quite such a bad idea after all? もしかしたら、王を持つというのは悪い考えではなかったのかもしれない。 Belki, belki de bir krala sahip olmak o kadar da kötü bir fikir değildi? If only they had a spare king in the back of a cupboard somewhere. (– Helloo?) Wenn sie doch nur irgendwo in einem Schrank einen Ersatzkönig hätten. (- Hallöchen?) どこかの戸棚の奥にスペアのキングがあればいいんだけど。(ハロー？） Keşke bir yerlerde bir dolabın arkasında yedek bir kralları olsaydı. (– Alo?)

You know, a back-up King Charles. キング・チャールズのバックアップだ。 Bilirsin, yedek bir Kral Charles. Oh, hang on a minute, they did! (– Helloo?) あ、ちょっと待って、そうだった！(ハロー？） Ah, bir dakika, yaptılar! (– Alo?)

Charles junior was still hanging around in the Netherlands where he'd been sulking since losing that battle. シャルル・ジュニアはまだオランダでうろうろしていた。 Charles Junior, o savaşı kaybettiğinden beri surat astığı Hollanda'da hâlâ ortalıkta dolanıyordu. And when George Monck got in touch and said: “Oh, Charles, I tell you what, it's going absolutely horrible over here, do you fancy doing some kinging for us?”, Charles was like: “Yeah, absolutely, I am totes up for that. ジョージ・モンクが連絡してきて言ったんだ：「ああ、チャールズ、こっちの状況は最悪なんだが、俺たちのためにキングをやってくれないか？「ああ、もちろんだ。 Ve George Monck temasa geçip şöyle dediğinde: "Ah, Charles, sana şunu söyleyeyim, burası kesinlikle korkunç gidiyor, bizim için biraz krallık yapmak ister misin?", Charles şöyle dedi: "Evet, kesinlikle, ben totes bunun için I'm gonna be King Charles II, the big sequel!” (– Oh, yeah!) チャールズ2世になるんだ、大続編！"(そうだ！） Büyük devam filmi Kral II. Charles olacağım!” (- Ah evet!)

On April 4th, 1660, Charles signed the Declaration of Breda and promised to forgive all of the people who'd been involved in the civil wars. 1660年4月4日、シャルルはブレダ宣言に署名し、内戦に関わったすべての人々を許すと約束した。 4 Nisan 1660'ta Charles, Breda Deklarasyonu'nu imzaladı ve iç savaşa karışan herkesi affeteceğine söz verdi. A new parliament was called and was finally allowed back into Westminster. 新しい議会が招集され、ようやくウェストミンスターへの復帰が認められた。 Yeni bir parlamento çağrıldı ve sonunda Westminster'a geri dönmesine izin verildi. And they not only declared that Charles was the rightful king, but they also said that his reign had started on the day of his dad's death, in 1649. そして彼らは、チャールズが正当な王であると宣言しただけでなく、彼の治世は1649年の父の命日から始まったとも言った。 Ve sadece Charles'ın gerçek kral olduğunu ilan etmekle kalmadılar, aynı zamanda hükümdarlığının babasının öldüğü gün, 1649'da başladığını da söylediler. That's right, they cheated with the calendar to say that the new King Charles had been king all along. その通り、彼らは新王チャールズがずっと王であったと暦をごまかしたのだ。 Bu doğru, yeni Kral Charles'ın başından beri kral olduğunu söylemek için takvimi aldattılar. And that whole Oliver-Cromwell-thing hadn't even happened. オリバー・クロムウェルのことも、まだ起こっていなかった。 Ve tüm o Oliver-Cromwell olayı daha gerçekleşmemişti bile. That's like marking your own homework and giving yourself 10 out of 10 when you haven't even answered all the questions. 自分の宿題を採点して、全問答えてもいないのに10点満点をつけるようなものだ。 Это все равно, что оценить свою домашнюю работу и поставить себе 10 баллов из 10, когда вы даже не ответили на все вопросы. Bu, kendi ödevinizi işaretlemek ve daha tüm soruları yanıtlamamışken kendinize 10 üzerinden 10 vermek gibi bir şey.

Charles sailed back to England to become king and he arrived in London on his 30th birthday. Charles, kral olmak için İngiltere'ye geri döndü ve 30. doğum gününde Londra'ya geldi. I mean, what a way to celebrate your birthday! Forget about having a pizza party.

Charles's parade was described by the diary writer John Evelyn as a triumph. チャールズのパレードは、日記作家のジョン・イヴリンによって勝利と評された。 Charles'ın geçit töreni, günlük yazarı John Evelyn tarafından bir zafer olarak tanımlandı. Above 20,000 horse and foot soldiers, brandishing their swords and shouting with inexpressible joy, the ways strewn with flowers, the bells ringing, the streets hung with tapestry, fountains running with wine! 2万人以上の騎馬兵と徒歩兵が剣を振り回し、言いようのない歓喜の声を上げ、道には花が散らばり、鐘が鳴り響き、通りにはタペストリーが掛けられ、噴水にはワインが流れている！ (Which, in fairness, is probably a very bad idea 'cause if the pigeons drink it they'll be very ill.) (ハトが飲んだら大変なことになるからだ）。

And then there was another huge bash the next year for the official coronation in 1661. そして、翌1661年の正式な戴冠式でも盛大な祝宴が催された。 Ve ertesi yıl 1661'deki resmi taç giyme töreni için başka bir büyük parti düzenlendi. Another diary writer, Samuel Pepys, over-indulged on party food and drink, writing in his diary the next day: “I slept all morning, only when I waked I found myself wet with my spewing.” もう一人の日記作家、サミュエル・ペピスは、パーティーの料理と酒を食べ過ぎ、翌日の日記にこう書いている：「朝はずっと寝ていたが、目が覚めると、自分が吐き出しているもので濡れていた」。

Turns out, he partied so hard, he had made himself sick. 結局、彼はパーティーを楽しみすぎて、体調を崩してしまったのだ。 Hah, there's always one, isn't there. ははは、いつもあるよね。

Charles II also got himself a pretty snazzy birthday present. チャールズ2世は、自分自身にもかなり洒落た誕生日プレゼントを贈った。 Because the crown jewels had been destroyed by Oliver Cromwell, Charles got a new set made. オリバー・クロムウェルによって王冠の宝石が破壊されたため、チャールズは新しいセットを作らせた。 Charles became the king of bling. シャルルは装飾の王となった。 Charles, bling'in kralı oldu.

(– Ching ching, bling bling, cut the chatter / You ain't talkin' money, then your talkin' don't matter / Ching ching, bling bling, pattin' pockets…) (- Ching ching, bling bling, cut the chatter / You ain't talkin' money, then your talkin' don't matter / Ching ching, bling bling, pattin' pockets...)

Now, wearing his fancy crown, the new King Charles was happy to pardon everyone involved in the civil wars, apart from those who'd been involved in the execution of his dad. Mit seiner schicken Krone begnadigte der neue König Karl alle an den Bürgerkriegen Beteiligten, mit Ausnahme derer, die an der Hinrichtung seines Vaters beteiligt gewesen waren. 今、新国王シャルルは派手な王冠をかぶり、父親の処刑に関与した者を除けば、内戦に関与した者全員を喜んで恩赦した。 Şimdi, süslü tacını takan yeni Kral Charles, babasının idamına karışanlar dışında, iç savaşlara karışan herkesi affetmekten mutluydu.

The ancient Latin word for a king killer is a regicide – good word! Das alte lateinische Wort für einen Königsmörder ist Regizid - ein gutes Wort! 王殺しを意味する古代ラテン語はregicideである！ Bir kral katili için kullanılan eski Latince kelime bir cinayettir - güzel kelime! And Charles had the so-called regicides, who'd signed the death warrant, tracked down and either imprisoned for life – pretty bad – or executed – mmh, definitely worse. そしてシャルルは、死刑執行令状に署名したいわゆるレギシドたちを探し出し、終身刑（かなり悪い）か死刑（うーん、もっと悪い）に処した。 Ve Charles, ölüm fermanını imzalayan, izini süren ve ya ömür boyu hapsedilen - oldukça kötü - ya da idam edilen - mmh, kesinlikle daha kötü olan sözde cinayetleri yaptırdı.

Now, some of them, including Oliver Cromwell, had already died of natural causes anyway. オリバー・クロムウェルを含む何人かは、いずれにせよすでに自然死していた。 Şimdi, aralarında Oliver Cromwell'in de bulunduğu bazıları zaten eceliyle ölmüştü. So, Charles had those regicides dug up from their graves and executed again, which really is overkill – quite literally, in fact. Böylece, Charles o kral öldürücüleri mezarlarından çıkardı ve yeniden idam ettirdi, ki bu gerçekten aşırıya kaçmış - aslında tam anlamıyla. Even worse, he then had the rotten remains impaled on spikes outside the entrance to Westminster Hall in London – gross! さらに悪いことに、彼はその腐った遺体をロンドンのウェストミンスター・ホールの入り口の外にトゲで突き刺した！ Daha da kötüsü, çürümüş kalıntıları Londra'daki Westminster Hall girişinin dışındaki sivri uçlara sapladı - iğrenç!

So, with the monarchy restored and King Charles II having had his vengeance on his dad's killers, he now became known as the Merry Monarch and not just because of that big party that made Samuel Pepys puke. 君主制が復活し、チャールズ2世は父親殺しの犯人に復讐を遂げ、今や陽気な君主として知られるようになった。 Böylece, monarşi yeniden kurulduğunda ve Kral II. Charles, babasının katillerinden intikamını aldığında, o artık Neşeli Hükümdar olarak tanındı ve sadece Samuel Pepys'in kusmasına neden olan o büyük parti yüzünden değil. No, because Charles II was all about the fun, the fashion and the fancy living. いや、チャールズ2世は楽しさ、ファッション、派手な暮らしに夢中だったからだ。 Hayır, çünkü II. Charles tamamen eğlence, moda ve gösterişli yaşamla ilgiliydi.

He likes people to see him out and about in London, enjoying himself at the theatre. 彼は、ロンドンで外出し、劇場で楽しんでいる姿を人々に見てもらうのが好きなのだ。 İnsanların onu Londra'da tiyatroda eğlenirken görmesinden hoşlanıyor. And that was a huge difference to Oliver Cromwell's lot, who'd closed down all the public entertainments. オリバー・クロムウェルがすべての大衆娯楽を閉鎖したのとは大違いだ。 Ve bu, tüm halka açık eğlenceleri kapatan Oliver Cromwell'in kaderi için büyük bir farktı.

Charles also brought back the old tradition of touching his subjects if they had a skin disease called scrofula. シャルルはまた、臣下が瘰癧と呼ばれる皮膚病を患っている場合、その皮膚に触れるという古い伝統を復活させた。 Чарльз также вернул старую традицию прикасаться к своим подданным, если у них было кожное заболевание, называемое золотухой. Charles ayrıca, sıraca adı verilen bir deri hastalığı olan deneklerine dokunma şeklindeki eski geleneği de geri getirdi. It was also known as “the king's evil“, which is a very cool name for a very nasty disease. 王様の災い」とも呼ばれ、非常に厄介な病気の名前としては非常にクールである。 Aynı zamanda çok kötü bir hastalık için çok havalı bir isim olan "kralın kötülüğü" olarak da biliniyordu. Now, Charles ended up touching more scrofula-riddled subjects than any other monarch in history. さて、チャールズは結局、歴史上のどの君主よりも多くの鱗屑だらけの臣下に触れた。 Şimdi, Charles, tarihteki diğer tüm hükümdarlardan daha fazla sıraca bilmeceli konuya değindi. And the cues to see him were massive! そして、彼に会うための合図は大量だった！ Ve onu görme ipuçları çok büyüktü! Think ’Alton Towers‘ but instead of cueing for the Jungle Rapids, you're basically waiting to get your warts poked by a posh bloke in a big hat. アルトン・タワーズ」を思い浮かべてほしいが、ジャングル・ラピッドのキューを待つのではなく、基本的には大きな帽子をかぶった上品な男性にイボをつつかれるのを待つのだ。 'Alton Towers'ı düşünün, ancak Jungle Rapids'i işaret etmek yerine, temelde büyük şapkalı havalı bir herifin siğillerinizi dürtmesini bekliyorsunuz.

King Charles loved art and architecture. Kral Charles sanatı ve mimariyi severdi. And he also loved animals. He had some very cute pet King Charles Spaniels – of course he did, he was King Charles! 彼はとてもかわいいペットのキング・チャールズ・スパニエルを飼っていた！ Annoyingly though, people kept dog-napping them, forcing Charles to write newspaper adverts demanding his posh pooches be returned to him. しかし、迷惑なことに、犬をさらう人が後を絶たず、チャールズは高級な犬たちを返すよう求める新聞広告を書かざるを得なかった。 Honestly, the scandal! 正直言って、スキャンダルだ！

Charles was also very fashionable, bringing over the latest trends from Europe, such as the three-piece suit, which involved wearing a natty waistcoat. また、チャールズは非常にファッショナブルで、ヨーロッパからスリーピーススーツなど最新の流行を持ち込んだ。 (– Wow!)

At one big party, Charles was showing off his waistcoat when his sister Henrietta laughed at him and she did so, because she lived in France where the waistcoat was so 1657: It was out of fashion! ある大きなパーティーで、シャルルがウエストコートを見せびらかすと、妹のヘンリエッタが笑った！ Büyük bir partide, kız kardeşi Henrietta ona güldüğünde Charles yeleğini gösteriyordu ve öyle yaptı, çünkü yeleğin 1657'de olduğu Fransa'da yaşıyordu: Modası geçmişti!

Charles was humiliated and angry. Charles aşağılanmış ve kızgındı. He banned the wearing of all foreign fabrics. Tüm yabancı kumaşların giyilmesini yasakladı. Which goes to show that even kings can have petty squabbles with their siblings. つまり、王といえども兄弟とささいないさかいを起こすことがあるということだ。

Charles's obsession with being bang on trend meant all of his friends had to be fashionable, too. 流行の最先端にこだわるチャールズは、友人たちもみなファッショナブルでなければならなかった。 Particularly the men. 特に男性陣だ。 They created the trend for long, curly wigs, called periwigs. He may have liked Spaniels but he looked more like a Poodle. 彼はスパニエルが好きだったのかもしれないが、どちらかというとプードルに似ていた。

The thing is though, that the wigs were made from other people's hair and sometimes that hair would come from poor people who were unable to wash, which meant that the hair that you were buying to put on your head was basically full of lice and nits. Yuck! しかし、ウィッグは他人の髪の毛で作られていて、その髪の毛は洗うことができない貧しい人々のものであることもあった。うわっ！ (– Disgusting!) (ムカつく！）。

Because Charles II was so charming, he was very popular with the ladies. Now, he was married to Catherine of Braganza, but that didn't stop him from having a ton of girlfriends as well. ブラガンツァ家のカトリーヌと結婚していたが、だからといってガールフレンドがたくさんいたわけではない。 Şimdi, Braganzalı Catherine ile evliydi, ama bu onun bir ton kız arkadaşı olmasını da engellemedi. One of them was the very famous actress Nell Gwyn.

And that's actually another exciting new trend the Restoration brought along. そして、実はこれも維新がもたらしたエキサイティングな新潮流だ。 No, not having girlfriends, I mean actresses! いや、ガールフレンドがいるんじゃなくて、女優がいるんだ！ Arts and culture boomed during the Restoration. 王政復古期には芸術と文化がブームになった。 Restorasyon sırasında sanat ve kültür patladı. Theatres shut down by Oliver Cromwell were reopened and women were now finally allowed to perform on the stage. (– Bravo!)

Throughout the Restoration, artists, authors and brainy nerds were having a whale of a time. 維新期を通じて、芸術家、作家、頭脳派オタクたちは鯨のような時間を過ごしていた。 The Royal Society, a fancy science club still around today, was founded in the 1660s with some very famous members that you might recognise: Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and Isaac Newton. 王立協会は、現在でも存在する空想科学クラブで、1660年代に設立され、ロバート・フック、クリストファー・レン、アイザック・ニュートンなど、みなさんもご存知の有名な会員がいた。 That's right, the guy, who figured out gravity. (– Eureka!)

People also liked to hang out in new coffee houses which were popping up all over the cities. 人々はまた、街のあちこちに出現した新しいコーヒーハウスでたむろするのも好きだった。 But it wasn't like an episode of ”Friends“ because, well, women weren't really allowed in and also the men would just talk about politics, which isn't very funny. でも『フレンズ』のエピソードのようにはいかなかった。だって、女性は本当に入れなかったし、男性たちはただ政治の話をするだけで、あまり面白くなかった。

In fact, King Charles got nervous that the coffee houses were hot-beds of treasonous chat. 実際、チャールズ国王はコーヒーハウスが反逆的なおしゃべりの温床になっていると神経質になった。 Aslında Kral Charles, kahvehanelerin hain sohbetlerin yuvası olmasından rahatsız oldu. Despite being the Merry Monarch, Charles was worried that people were gossiping behind his back and were planning perhaps to overthrow him or even execute him like it happened to his dad.

So, in came the ban, but coffee houses were so popular that immediately Charles was unpopular for his new law. しかし、コーヒーハウスの人気は高く、シャルルはすぐにこの新しい法律を不評とした。 Böylece yasak geldi, ancak kahvehaneler o kadar popülerdi ki, Charles yeni yasasıyla hemen popülerliğini yitirdi. And that made him, well, at risk from being executed again. そのため、彼は再び処刑される危険性があった。 Ve bu onu tekrar idam edilme riskiyle karşı karşıya bıraktı. So, he changed his mind. Yani fikrini değiştirdi. Very sensibel, you don't want to annoy someone who's addicted to caffeine, they get really grumpy if you take that coffee away. カフェイン中毒の人を困らせたくはないだろうし、コーヒーを取り上げると本当に不機嫌になる。 Çok mantıklı, kafein bağımlısı birini sinirlendirmek istemezsin, o kahveyi elinden alırsan gerçekten huysuzlaşırlar.

After having a cup-up, people could also go and check out some of the entertainment in the cities and towns. カップアップを楽しんだ後は、市や町のエンターテイメントをチェックすることもできる。 For example there were being new Italian-style puppet shows featuring the character Mr. Punch. Or they could for a stroll around town and enjoy the sweet sounds of ballad singers.

But if people left the cities and went to the crossroads, these nice sights might be replaced by nastier sights. しかし、もし人々が都市を離れ、クロスロードに行けば、このような素敵な光景はより厄介な光景に取って代わられるかもしれない。 Ancak insanlar şehirleri terk edip yol ayrımına giderse, bu güzel manzaraların yerini daha kötü manzaralar alabilirdi. For example the metal cages containing the rotting bodies of executed criminal and highway-men as a warning to others to behave. 例えば、処刑された犯罪者やハイウェイ・マンの腐乱死体が入った金属製の檻は、他の人々に行儀よくするよう警告するためのものだ。 Örneğin, idam edilen suçluların ve haydutların çürüyen bedenlerini içeren metal kafesler, başkalarına davranmaları için bir uyarı olarak.