×

Utilizziamo i cookies per contribuire a migliorare LingQ. Visitando il sito, acconsenti alla nostra politica dei cookie.

image

BBC Sounds – Homeschool History, Homeschool History – Florence Nightingale

Homeschool History – Florence Nightingale

Hello, and welcome to Homeschool History. I'm Greg Jenner, and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show Horrible Histories and more recently on the BBC podcast You're Dead to Me, though that's mostly for the grown-ups. With everyone being cooped up in the house, I thought I'd deliver a snappy history lesson to entertain and educate the whole family. Who says that homeschooling can't be a bit of fun?

Today we are journeying back to the 19th century to meet the nursing reformer who transformed healthcare forever, Florence Nightingale. Florence was born exactly 200 years ago on May 12th, 1820, while her posh parents were travelling around Europe. She was named after the Italian city of Florence, where she was born, while her sister was called Parthenope, after the ancient Greek name for Naples. Back then, these were really unusual baby names; it was like calling your children Sheffield and Slough.

Florence's parents might have been well-to-do, but they were forward-thinking and made sure that she got a good education, which for the early 19th century was actually pretty rare for a girl. Unlike her sister, Florence had a very scientific mind. She loved collecting coins and seashells, doing little experiments, and she was also a brilliant scholar when it came to languages. But she also had a caring side and liked tending to poorly animals. She later adopted 60 cats during her lifetime, and when she was young, she also nursed an injured little owl back to health, calling it Athena and keeping it in her pocket as a pet. She even trained it to peck Parthenope when her playfully silly sister annoyed her.

Right from the start, Florence was fiercely clever, kind-hearted, and mega-determined. When she was about 16, she felt God was calling her to make a difference in the world. Aged 25, she decided to devote her life to helping people. She was going to become a nurse.

Even though we know nursing is an important and skilled job, in Florence's time, society looked down on nurses. They were seen as being common and dirty, and even drunkards. Her parents were horrified. They believed a respectable lady should get married and have kids, but she wanted to break these rules. Florence received several marriage proposals from fancy fellas, but she worried that being a wife and a mother would get in the way of her being a nurse, so she turned them all down. To Florence's parents, rejecting proposals from fancy gentlemen and giving up her nice lifestyle to become a nurse seemed very rebellious.

Despite all this, by 1851, when she was in her early 30s, Florence did manage to do some nursing in Germany. However, she quickly moved on to become more of a nursing manager. She became superintendent at the plush Harley Street in London in 1853.

Nice! This is when everything really kicked off, and I don't mean just for her. A long way away, in a place called the Crimea, Britain had just ganged up with France and Ottoman Turkey to fight against their mutual enemy, the Russians. Thanks to the invention of the whiztastic telegraph machine, it was the first time war reporters could send their stories back home very quickly, and the news they were sending wasn't good. The Crimean War was a total disaster. The army didn't have enough supplies, the troops were freezing cold, and worst of all, the military hospitals were so filthy and unhygienic, they were deadlier than the battlefield.

Florence read about the crisis in the newspapers, and she wanted to help. She was good mates with the war secretary, Sidney Herbert, and he helped her recruit 38 nurses. It took Florence and her recruits nearly two weeks to sail to the Skitari Barracks Hospital in Turkey, where she was greeted with a terrible sight. These days, hospitals are really clean, but this hospital was covered in blood and poo and wee; it was riddled with rats and lice, and the poorly patients were lying in their own filth. The sewers were blocked, and there were even reports of a dead horse rotting in the well from where they got their drinking water. Patients were wearing the same dirty clothes for weeks on end, and nobody so much as cracked open a window to let the stink out. Poo-wee! Florence soon gave the place a really good clean. Think Mary Poppins tidying up the kids' room, but much yuckier.

Florence knew the key to fixing the hospital was the three Ds: dirt, drains, and diet. She set about trying to get hold of soap, towels, bed sheets, clean clothes, and cutlery. She also welcomed the celebrity chef, Alexei Sawyer, who was a French Jamie Oliver basically, and he came in and improved the food in the kitchens. She was also helped by a public fundraiser organized back home by a newspaper, and one of the celebrities who donated to the fundraiser was Charles Dickens. Even though Florence was working very hard, 4,000 patients still died in the winter of 1854. It wasn't her fault; the blocked sewers were the problem, and scientists hadn't yet discovered germs, so she didn't know how to stop the diseases. Even still, you'd think everyone would have welcomed her efforts at least, but many military officers were grumpy that some woman was turning up and giving orders when that was their job. Some of them called her nasty nicknames like "the Bird" and "the Petticoat Imperieurs", meaning a female bossy pants, but Florence wasn't about to let some name-calling stop her.

Not only did she take cleanliness very seriously, she also knew that patients benefited from feeling cared for as people. She introduced animals to the hospital, such as a tortoise called Jimmy, later explaining in her book, "...a small pet is often an excellent companion for the sick." Most famously, however, at nighttime, Florence walked for miles around all the hospital beds, checking on her patients with a lamp to guide her in the dark. The lamp became a symbol of Florence's compassionate style of nursing. Can you imagine being a scared, poorly soldier, then hearing her footsteps and seeing the glow of a lamp and knowing that you weren't alone? One soldier wrote that Florence was like a guardian angel. Mind you, if she was an angel, she was a very strict one. She sent home any nurse who she didn't think was up to the job, which, unfortunately, was about half of the nurses, and she also fired Turkish hospital staff who wanted better wages. But she was still a hero to the soldiers, the most perfect Christian woman, and they started sending home letters to their loved ones about the lady with the lamp. And this then inspired a famous image in the illustrated London News in 1855. The legend of the lady with the lamp caught on. Florence Nightingale was now very famous. Great news, right? – Wrong.

Florence really hated being famous. In fact, she would have hated having this episode be all about her. (Go away!) Sorry, Florey. When she traveled back home after the war, she was so worried about her fans coming up and bothering her, she used a fake name, Miss Smith, to avoid what she called the fuzz buzz or the unwanted attention. Unfortunately for Florence, her sister Parthenope loved being the sister of a celebrity and was always telling stories about her. Maybe it was her way of getting her own back after all that owl pecking.

There were some upsides to fame, however. Florence became good mates with Queen Victoria, who even persuaded Florence to pose for photographs when she really didn't want to. It wasn't all selfies with the Queen, though. Florence's return from the war was something called Crimean fever, and unfortunately, she never got better. She would spend most of her life confined to her bed, being very ill.

So, in the story of Florence Nightingale, can we say: "That's all folks?" Nope, she was just getting started. She may have spent decades in her gym jams – highly relatable right now – but her disability didn't stop her. In fact, it was from her bed that she made her most important contributions to nursing. Remember how she was a brilliant boffin? Well, she now used her math skills to study loads of statistics she'd carefully gathered during the Crimean War.

In fact, she wrote a massive 853-page report about what went wrong, including how many deaths could have been prevented. She was also a dab hand at designing fancy charts and infographics that, when people saw them, explained all of her findings in very easy-to-understand ways. And this was so impressive, Florence was the first-ever woman to be allowed to join the Royal Statistical Society, although, awkwardly, the paperwork hadn't caught up with her and the membership forms kept referring to her as a he or Mr. Nightingale.

She also wrote two brilliantly researched books. "Notes on Nursing" said how important that clean air, clean water, lots of light, room to move, and good food were for the patients, as well, of course, as peace and quiet so people could rest and recover. Her other book was called "Notes on Hospitals," and it suggested changing the layout of hospital rooms and building nice gardens for people to walk around.

Flo also knew nurses needed proper training, so she opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in 1860. It was funded by a national appeal which raised over £44,000, which today is about £2.5 million. Amazingly, it stayed open for 100 years before becoming part of King's College London, where it still exists today. People from all over the world came to be trained at the Nightingale School of Nursing and then took their new skills back home where they sometimes then opened their own training schools.

Florence also worked to improve the really nasty workhouse infirmaries which poor people went to if they were ill. Florence strongly believed that good healthcare was essential for everyone and that hospital care for poor people should match the quality of posh hospitals.

Florence was a force to be reckoned with and could be pretty scary if you didn't do what she asked, but she could also be warm and funny. She wrote more than 14,000 letters during her life and responded to anyone who wrote to her. Even though she was poorly for more than 50 years, she lived until 90 years old, long enough to record her voice on Thomas Edison's newly invented sound recording device. And here it is!

(I hope my voice may perpetuate the great work of my life.)

And in case you didn't quite catch that, Florence said, "I hope my voice may perpetuate the great work of my life."

In true Florence form, she definitely wanted no fuzz buzz when she died in 1910 and refused the offer of a state funeral at Westminster Abbey, where kings and queens are buried. Instead, she now rests in St Margaret's Church in Hampshire. Her grave marker simply reads "FN," with her date of birth and death. It's the simplest of tombstones. Classic Florence.

Even though Florence Nightingale is remembered as the world's most famous nurse, her legacy is more about all the huge pioneering changes she made to nursing and healthcare as a whole, helping to turn it into the vital, noble, and scientific profession we all admire and rely upon today.

What an amazing life! Now it's time for the Florence Nightingale quiz. Ok, 3, 2, 1, here we go!

Question 1: Why did her parents name her Florence?

Question 2: What was Florence's sister called? Don't worry, you won't lose any marks for spelling. It's a tricky one.

Question 3: Florence Nightingale is famous for being a nurse during which war?

Question 4: In 1860, what did Florence Nightingale open so people all over the world could learn about nursing?

And question 5: How old would Florence have been on May 12, 2020?

Ok, now it's time for the answers.

The answer to question 1: She was born in Florence, so she was called Florence.

The answer to question 2: Parthenope.

The answer to question 3: The Crimean War.

The answer to question 4: The Nightingale School of Nursing.

And the answer to question 5: She would have been 200 years old this May.

How did you do? If you didn't get all 5, that's ok, why not listen again on the podcast and try the quiz a second time?

And don't forget to raise a glass for Florence's 200th birthday, which was on May 12th and also marks International Nurses Day. Happy birthday, old Flo!

And of course, to all the nurses, healthcare workers, and carers listening today, thank you, you're amazing.

Tune in next time for some more homeschool history, and make sure to subscribe to the podcast on BBC Sounds so you never miss an episode. Thank you for listening, take care, and goodbye.

Homeschool History was a Muddy Knees media production for Radio 4 and BBC Sounds. The script was by Gabby Hutchinson Crouch, Emma Nagouse and me. The producers were Ben Green and Abbey Patterson, and the historical advisor was Melissa Chatton from the Florence Nightingale Museum.

Hi, my name's Jarvis Cocker, and I'm here to tell you about Wireless Nights. A nocturnal investigation into the human condition. A collection of stories about the night and the people who come alive after dark. From nightclubs to night rail, from the man in the moon to the land of the midnight sun, join me and discover a different kind of nightlife. All episodes now available on the BBC Sounds app.


Homeschool History – Florence Nightingale Homeschool Geschichte - Florence Nightingale Homeschool History – Florence Nightingale Homeschool History - Florence Nightingale Histoire de l'école à domicile - Florence Nightingale Storia homeschool - Florence Nightingale ホームスクールの歴史 - フローレンス・ナイチンゲール 홈스쿨링 역사 - 플로렌스 나이팅게일 Istorija mokykloms namams - Florence Nightingale Homeschool History - Florence Nightingale História do ensino doméstico - Florence Nightingale История домашнего обучения - Флоренс Найтингейл Ev Okulu Tarihi - Florence Nightingale Історія домашньої школи - Флоренс Найтінгейл Lịch sử trường học tại nhà – Florence Nightingale 家庭学校历史——弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔 家庭學校歷史——弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾

Hello, and welcome to Homeschool History. こんにちは、Homeschool Historyへようこそ。 Xin chào, và chào mừng đến với Lịch sử Homeschool. I'm Greg Jenner, and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show Horrible Histories and more recently on the BBC podcast You're Dead to Me, though that's mostly for the grown-ups. Ich bin Greg Jenner und habe meine ganze Karriere damit verbracht, in der Fernsehsendung Horrible Histories und seit kurzem auch im BBC-Podcast You're Dead to Me Geschichte lustig zu machen. Esu Gregas Dženneris ir visą savo karjerą praleidau linksmindamas istoriją televizijos laidoje "Siaubingos istorijos", o pastaruoju metu - BBC podkaste "You're Dead to Me", nors tai daugiausia skirta suaugusiesiems. Tôi là Greg Jenner và tôi đã dành toàn bộ sự nghiệp của mình để làm cho lịch sử trở nên thú vị trên chương trình truyền hình Lịch sử khủng khiếp và gần đây hơn là trên podcast của BBC You're Dead to Me, mặc dù điều đó chủ yếu dành cho người lớn. 我是格雷格·詹纳 (Greg Jenner)，我的整个职业生涯都在电视节目《可怕的历史》(Horrible Histories) 中以及最近的 BBC 播客《你对我来说已经死了》(You’re Dead to Me) 中让历史变得有趣，尽管这主要是针对成年人的。 With everyone being cooped up in the house, I thought I'd deliver a snappy history lesson to entertain and educate the whole family. みんなが家に閉じこもっているので、私は家族全員を楽しませ、教育するために、小粋な歴史の授業をしようと思った。 Kadangi visi užsidarę namuose, pamaniau, kad surengsiu trumpą istorijos pamoką, kad linksminčiau ir šviečiau visą šeimą. 由于每个人都被关在房子里，我想我应该上一堂生动的历史课来娱乐和教育全家人。 Who says that homeschooling can't be a bit of fun? ホームスクーリングが楽しくないなんて誰が言ったの？ Kas sakė, kad mokymasis namuose negali būti linksmas? 谁说在家上学就不能有一点乐趣？

Today we are journeying back to the 19th century to meet the nursing reformer who transformed healthcare forever, Florence Nightingale. Šiandien keliausime į XIX amžių ir susipažinsime su slaugos reformatore, kuri visiems laikams pakeitė sveikatos priežiūrą, Florence Nightingale. 今天，我们将回到 19 世纪，与永远改变医疗保健的护理改革家弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔见面。 Florence was born exactly 200 years ago on May 12th, 1820, while her posh parents were travelling around Europe. Florencija gimė lygiai prieš 200 metų, 1820 m. gegužės 12 d., jos prašmatniems tėvams keliaujant po Europą. 弗洛伦斯出生于 200 年前的 1820 年 5 月 12 日，当时她的父母正在欧洲各地旅行。 She was named after the Italian city of Florence, where she was born, while her sister was called Parthenope, after the ancient Greek name for Naples. 妹はナポリの古代ギリシャ名にちなんでパルテノペと呼ばれた。 Back then, these were really unusual baby names; it was like calling your children Sheffield and Slough. 当時、これらの名前は本当に珍しい赤ん坊の名前だった。自分の子供をシェフィールドやスローと呼ぶようなものだった。 Tais laikais tai buvo tikrai neįprasti kūdikių vardai; tai buvo tas pats, kas vadinti vaikus Šefildo ir Sloufo vardais. 在当时，这些都是非常不寻常的婴儿名字。这就像称呼你的孩子谢菲尔德和斯劳一样。

Florence's parents might have been well-to-do, but they were forward-thinking and made sure that she got a good education, which for the early 19th century was actually pretty rare for a girl. フローレンスの両親は裕福だったかもしれないが、先見の明があり、彼女に良い教育を受けさせた。 Florencijos tėvai buvo pasiturintys, tačiau jie buvo pažangiai mąstantys ir pasirūpino, kad Florencija gautų gerą išsilavinimą, kuris XIX a. pradžioje mergaitėms buvo gana retas dalykas. Florence'ın ailesi varlıklı olabilirdi, ancak ileri görüşlüydüler ve onun iyi bir eğitim almasını sağladılar ki bu 19. yüzyılın başlarında bir kız çocuğu için oldukça nadir görülen bir durumdu. 弗洛伦斯的父母可能很富裕，但他们具有前瞻性，并确保她接受良好的教育，这对于 19 世纪初的女孩来说实际上是相当罕见的。 Unlike her sister, Florence had a very scientific mind. 姉と違って、フローレンスはとても科学的な頭脳を持っていた。 Priešingai nei jos sesuo, Florencija buvo labai moksliška. She loved collecting coins and seashells, doing little experiments, and she was also a brilliant scholar when it came to languages. Ji mėgo kolekcionuoti monetas ir kriaukles, daryti mažus eksperimentus, taip pat buvo puiki kalbų žinovė. 她喜欢收集硬币和贝壳，做一些小实验，而且在语言方面她也是一位出色的学者。 But she also had a caring side and liked tending to poorly animals. しかし、彼女は思いやりのある一面もあり、かわいそうな動物の世話をするのが好きだった。 Tačiau ji taip pat buvo rūpestinga ir mėgo prižiūrėti vargšus gyvūnus. 但她也有爱心的一面，喜欢照顾可怜的动物。 She later adopted 60 cats during her lifetime, and when she was young, she also nursed an injured little owl back to health, calling it Athena and keeping it in her pocket as a pet. 彼女はその後、生涯に60匹の猫を養子にし、若いころには傷ついた小さなフクロウを看護して元気にし、それをアテナと呼んでペットとしてポケットに入れていた。 Vėliau per savo gyvenimą ji įsivaikino 60 kačių, o būdama jauna slaugė sužeistą mažą pelėdžiuką, pavadino jį Atėne ir laikė kišenėje kaip naminį gyvūnėlį. 后来她一生收养了60只猫，年轻时还养育了一只受伤的小猫头鹰，让它恢复健康，给它起名叫雅典娜，并把它放在口袋里当宠物。 She even trained it to peck Parthenope when her playfully silly sister annoyed her. 彼女は、おどけた妹が彼女を困らせると、パルテノペをつつくように訓練さえした。 Ji net išmokė jį kandžioti Partenopę, kai ją erzino žaismingai kvaila sesuo. Hatta şakacı ve aptal kız kardeşi onu kızdırdığında Parthenope'yi gagalaması için onu eğitti. 当她那顽皮的傻妹妹惹恼她时，她甚至训练它去啄帕特诺普。

Right from the start, Florence was fiercely clever, kind-hearted, and mega-determined. Nuo pat pradžių Florencija buvo be galo protinga, geraširdė ir labai ryžtinga. 从一开始，弗洛伦斯就非常聪明、善良、意志坚定。 When she was about 16, she felt God was calling her to make a difference in the world. 16歳くらいのとき、彼女は神が世界に変化をもたらすために自分を呼んでいると感じた。 Būdama maždaug 16 metų, ji pajuto, kad Dievas ją kviečia keisti pasaulį. 当她大约 16 岁的时候，她觉得上帝正在呼召她去改变世界。 Aged 25, she decided to devote her life to helping people. 25歳のとき、彼女は人助けに人生を捧げることを決意した。 Sulaukusi 25 metų, ji nusprendė savo gyvenimą paskirti padėti žmonėms. 25岁时，她决定将自己的一生奉献给帮助别人。 She was going to become a nurse. 彼女は看護師になるつもりだった。 Ji ketino tapti slaugytoja.

Even though we know nursing is an important and skilled job, in Florence's time, society looked down on nurses. 看護が重要で熟練した仕事だとわかっていても、フローレンスの時代、社会は看護師を見下していた。 Nors žinome, kad slaugytojos yra svarbus ir kvalifikuotas darbas, Florencijos laikais visuomenė į slaugytojas žiūrėjo iš aukšto. 尽管我们知道护理是一项重要且需要技术的工作，但在佛罗伦萨时代，社会还是瞧不起护士。 They were seen as being common and dirty, and even drunkards. 彼らは庶民的で汚く、酒飲みとさえ見られていた。 Jie buvo laikomi paprasti, nešvarūs ir net girtuokliai. 他们被视为庸俗、肮脏，甚至是酒鬼。 Her parents were horrified. Jos tėvai buvo pasibaisėję. 她的父母吓坏了。 They believed a respectable lady should get married and have kids, but she wanted to break these rules. 彼らは、立派な女性は結婚して子供を持つべきだと考えていたが、彼女はそのルールを破りたかったのだ。 Jie manė, kad padori moteris turi ištekėti ir turėti vaikų, bet ji norėjo laužyti šias taisykles. 他们相信一个受人尊敬的女士应该结婚生子，但她想打破这些规则。 Florence received several marriage proposals from fancy fellas, but she worried that being a wife and a mother would get in the way of her being a nurse, so she turned them all down. フローレンスは魅力的な男性たちから何度かプロポーズを受けたが、妻であり母であることが看護師としての邪魔になるのではないかと心配し、すべて断った。 Florencija sulaukė keleto prašmatnių vyriškių pasiūlymų tuoktis, bet ji nerimavo, kad buvimas žmona ir motina trukdys jai dirbti slaugytoja, todėl visus juos atmetė. 弗洛伦斯收到了好几个帅哥的求婚，但她担心成为妻子和母亲会妨碍她成为一名护士，所以她都拒绝了。 To Florence's parents, rejecting proposals from fancy gentlemen and giving up her nice lifestyle to become a nurse seemed very rebellious. Florencijos tėvams atrodė, kad Florencija, atmetusi prašmatnių džentelmenų pasiūlymus ir atsisakiusi gražaus gyvenimo būdo, labai maištauja. 对于弗洛伦斯的父母来说，拒绝高档绅士的求婚并放弃美好的生活方式去成为一名护士似乎非常叛逆。

Despite all this, by 1851, when she was in her early 30s, Florence did manage to do some nursing in Germany. Nepaisant to, 1851 m., būdama trisdešimtmetė, Florence sugebėjo šiek tiek slaugyti Vokietijoje. 尽管如此，到 1851 年，30 岁出头的弗洛伦斯还是设法在德国做了一些护理工作。 However, she quickly moved on to become more of a nursing manager. しかし、彼女はすぐに看護部長へと転身した。 Tačiau greitai ji tapo daugiau slaugos vadybininke. 然而，她很快就成为一名护理经理。 She became superintendent at the plush Harley Street in London in 1853. 1853年、彼女はロンドンの豪華なハーレー通りの管理人になった。 1853 m. ji tapo prabangaus Harley gatvės Londone kuratore. 1853 年，她成为伦敦豪华哈利街的负责人。

Nice! This is when everything really kicked off, and I don't mean just for her. このときからすべてが本格的に動き出した。 Tuomet viskas prasidėjo iš tikrųjų, ir turiu omenyje ne tik ją. 这是一切真正开始的时候，我的意思不仅仅是为了她。 A long way away, in a place called the Crimea, Britain had just ganged up with France and Ottoman Turkey to fight against their mutual enemy, the Russians. 遠く離れたクリミアという場所で、イギリスはフランスやオスマントルコと手を組んで、共通の敵であるロシアと戦っていた。 Toli toli, Krymu vadinamoje vietoje, Didžioji Britanija ką tik susivienijo su Prancūzija ir Osmanų Turkija kovai prieš bendrą priešą - rusus. 远方，在一个叫克里米亚的地方，英国刚刚与法国和奥斯曼土耳其联手对抗他们共同的敌人俄罗斯人。 Thanks to the invention of the whiztastic telegraph machine, it was the first time war reporters could send their stories back home very quickly, and the news they were sending wasn't good. 驚異的な電信機が発明されたおかげで、戦争記者たちは初めて自分たちの記事を素早く本国に送ることができた。 Išradus nuostabų telegrafo aparatą, pirmą kartą karo reporteriai galėjo labai greitai siųsti savo istorijas namo, o jų siunčiamos žinios nebuvo geros. 多亏了神奇的电报机的发明，这是战地记者第一次能够很快地将他们的报道发回国内，但他们发出的消息并不好。 The Crimean War was a total disaster. Krymo karas buvo visiška katastrofa. The army didn't have enough supplies, the troops were freezing cold, and worst of all, the military hospitals were so filthy and unhygienic, they were deadlier than the battlefield. 軍には十分な物資がなく、部隊は凍えるように寒く、最悪のことに軍病院はとても不潔で不衛生で、戦場よりも殺伐としていた。 Kariuomenė neturėjo pakankamai atsargų, kariams buvo šalta, o blogiausia, kad karinės ligoninės buvo tokios nešvarios ir nehigieniškos, kad buvo mirtinesnės už mūšio lauką. 军队物资不足，部队严寒，最糟糕的是，军队医院又脏又不卫生，比战场还要致命。

Florence read about the crisis in the newspapers, and she wanted to help. フローレンスは新聞でこの危機について読み、力になりたいと思った。 Florencija perskaitė laikraščiuose apie krizę ir norėjo padėti. 弗洛伦斯在报纸上读到了这场危机，她想提供帮助。 She was good mates with the war secretary, Sidney Herbert, and he helped her recruit 38 nurses. 彼女はシドニー・ハーバート陸軍長官と親交があり、彼が38人の看護婦のリクルートを手伝ってくれた。 Ji buvo gera karo sekretoriaus Sidnio Herberto bičiulė ir jis padėjo jai įdarbinti 38 slaugytojas. 她与战争部长西德尼·赫伯特是好朋友，他帮助她招募了 38 名护士。 It took Florence and her recruits nearly two weeks to sail to the Skitari Barracks Hospital in Turkey, where she was greeted with a terrible sight. Florencijai ir jos naujokams prireikė beveik dviejų savaičių, kol jie nuplaukė į Skitari kareivinių ligoninę Turkijoje, kur juos pasitiko siaubingas vaizdas. 弗洛伦斯和她的新兵花了近两周的时间才航行到土耳其的斯基塔里军营医院，在那里她看到了可怕的景象。 These days, hospitals are really clean, but this hospital was covered in blood and poo and wee; it was riddled with rats and lice, and the poorly patients were lying in their own filth. Šiais laikais ligoninės tikrai švarios, bet ši ligoninė buvo ištepta krauju, išmatomis ir šlapimu, joje buvo pilna žiurkių ir utėlių, o vargšai pacientai gulėjo savo pačių purve. 现在的医院确实很干净，但这个医院却满是血迹、粪便和尿液；里面充满了老鼠和虱子，可怜的病人躺在自己的污秽中。 The sewers were blocked, and there were even reports of a dead horse rotting in the well from where they got their drinking water. Kanalizacija buvo užkimšta, o šulinyje, iš kurio buvo tiekiamas geriamasis vanduo, net buvo pranešimų apie negyvą arklį. 下水道被堵塞，甚至有报道称，一匹死马在他们取饮用水的井里腐烂。 Patients were wearing the same dirty clothes for weeks on end, and nobody so much as cracked open a window to let the stink out. Pacientai ištisas savaites dėvėjo tuos pačius purvinus drabužius, ir niekas nė karto neatidarė lango, kad išvėdintų smarvę. Hastalar haftalarca aynı kirli kıyafetleri giyiyor ve kimse pis kokuyu dışarı atmak için bir pencere bile açmıyordu. 病人连续几个星期都穿着同样的脏衣服，甚至没有人打开窗户让臭味散出去。 Poo-wee! Florence soon gave the place a really good clean. Florencija netrukus viską gerai išvalė. 佛罗伦萨很快就把这个地方彻底打扫干净了。 Think Mary Poppins tidying up the kids' room, but much yuckier. Prisiminkite Mariją Popins, tvarkančią vaikų kambarį, bet kur kas bjauriau. Mary Poppins'in çocuk odasını topladığını düşünün, ama çok daha iğrenç. 想象一下《欢乐满人间》正在整理孩子们的房间，但更令人厌恶。

Florence knew the key to fixing the hospital was the three Ds: dirt, drains, and diet. Florencija žinojo, kad ligoninę pataisyti padės trys D: purvas, kanalizacija ir dieta. 弗洛伦斯知道修复医院的关键是三个 D：污垢、排水系统和饮食。 She set about trying to get hold of soap, towels, bed sheets, clean clothes, and cutlery. Ji stengėsi surasti muilo, rankšluosčių, paklodžių, švarių drabužių ir stalo įrankių. 她开始尝试去拿肥皂、毛巾、床单、干净的衣服和餐具。 She also welcomed the celebrity chef, Alexei Sawyer, who was a French Jamie Oliver basically, and he came in and improved the food in the kitchens. Ji taip pat pasveikino garsųjį virėją Aleksejų Sojerį, iš esmės prancūziškąjį Džeimį Oliverį, kuris atvyko ir pagerino virtuvės patiekalus. 她还欢迎了名厨阿列克谢·索耶（Alexei Sawyer），他基本上就是法国人杰米·奥利弗（Jamie Oliver），他进来并改善了厨房的食物。 She was also helped by a public fundraiser organized back home by a newspaper, and one of the celebrities who donated to the fundraiser was Charles Dickens. Jai taip pat padėjo namuose laikraščio surengta vieša lėšų rinkimo akcija, kuriai aukojo viena iš įžymybių - Čarlzas Dikensas. 她还得到了家乡一家报纸组织的公共筹款活动的帮助，查尔斯·狄更斯是为这次筹款活动捐款的名人之一。 Even though Florence was working very hard, 4,000 patients still died in the winter of 1854. Nors Florencija dirbo labai sunkiai, 1854 m. žiemą vis tiek mirė 4 000 pacientų. 尽管佛罗伦萨非常努力，1854年冬天仍有4000名患者死亡。 It wasn't her fault; the blocked sewers were the problem, and scientists hadn't yet discovered germs, so she didn't know how to stop the diseases. Tai buvo ne jos kaltė; problema buvo užsikimšę kanalai, o mokslininkai dar nebuvo atradę mikrobų, todėl ji nežinojo, kaip sustabdyti ligas. 这不是她的错；这是她的错。问题在于下水道堵塞，而科学家还没有发现细菌，所以她不知道如何阻止这些疾病。 Even still, you'd think everyone would have welcomed her efforts at least, but many military officers were grumpy that some woman was turning up and giving orders when that was their job. Vis dėlto, galima manyti, kad visi bent jau sveikino jos pastangas, tačiau daugelis karininkų buvo nepatenkinti, kad kažkokia moteris pasirodo ir duoda įsakymus, nors tai buvo jų darbas. Yine de, herkesin en azından onun çabalarını memnuniyetle karşılayacağını düşünürdünüz, ancak birçok subay, işleri buyken bir kadının ortaya çıkıp emir vermesinden huysuzlanıyordu. Some of them called her nasty nicknames like "the Bird" and "the Petticoat Imperieurs", meaning a female bossy pants, but Florence wasn't about to let some name-calling stop her. Kai kurie iš jų vadino ją bjauriomis pravardėmis, tokiomis kaip "Paukštė" ir "Petticoat Imperieurs", reiškiančiomis moteriškas valdingas kelnes, bet Florencija neketino leisti, kad ją sustabdytų kokie nors keiksmažodžiai. Bazıları ona "Kuş" ve "Petticoat Imperieurs" gibi çirkin lakaplar taktı, yani patronluk taslayan kadın anlamına geliyordu, ancak Florence bazı lakapların onu durdurmasına izin vermeyecekti.

Not only did she take cleanliness very seriously, she also knew that patients benefited from feeling cared for as people. Ji ne tik labai rimtai žiūrėjo į švarą, bet ir žinojo, kad pacientams naudinga jaustis rūpestingais žmonėmis. She introduced animals to the hospital, such as a tortoise called Jimmy, later explaining in her book, "...a small pet is often an excellent companion for the sick." Ji į ligoninę pristatė gyvūnus, pavyzdžiui, vėžliuką Džimį, ir vėliau savo knygoje paaiškino: "...nedidelis naminis gyvūnėlis dažnai yra puikus ligonių palydovas." Most famously, however, at nighttime, Florence walked for miles around all the hospital beds, checking on her patients with a lamp to guide her in the dark. Tačiau labiausiai Florencija išgarsėjo tuo, kad naktį, pasišviesdama žibintuvėliu, kuris ją vedė tamsoje, apeidavo daugybę kilometrų aplink visas ligoninės lovas ir apžiūrėdavo pacientus. The lamp became a symbol of Florence's compassionate style of nursing. Can you imagine being a scared, poorly soldier, then hearing her footsteps and seeing the glow of a lamp and knowing that you weren't alone? Ar galite įsivaizduoti, kad esate išsigandęs, vargšas kareivis, tada išgirstate jos žingsnius, pamatote žibinto šviesą ir žinote, kad esate ne vienas? One soldier wrote that Florence was like a guardian angel. Vienas kareivis rašė, kad Florencija buvo tarsi angelas sargas. Mind you, if she was an angel, she was a very strict one. Atminkite, jei ji ir buvo angelas, tai labai griežtas. Aklınızda bulunsun, eğer o bir melekse, çok katı biriydi. She sent home any nurse who she didn't think was up to the job, which, unfortunately, was about half of the nurses, and she also fired Turkish hospital staff who wanted better wages. Ji išsiuntė namo visas slaugytojas, kurios, jos manymu, nesugebėjo dirbti, deja, tai buvo maždaug pusė slaugytojų, taip pat atleido turkų ligoninės darbuotojus, kurie norėjo didesnio atlyginimo. But she was still a hero to the soldiers, the most perfect Christian woman, and they started sending home letters to their loved ones about the lady with the lamp. Tačiau kareiviams ji tebebuvo didvyrė, tobuliausia krikščionė, ir jie ėmė siųsti namo laiškus savo artimiesiems apie moterį su lempa. And this then inspired a famous image in the illustrated London News in 1855. Tai įkvėpė garsųjį vaizdą 1855 m. iliustruotose Londono naujienose. The legend of the lady with the lamp caught on. Legenda apie moterį su lempa prigijo. Florence Nightingale was now very famous. Florence Nightingale dabar buvo labai garsi. Great news, right? – Wrong.

Florence really hated being famous. Florencijai labai nepatiko būti garsiai. Florence ünlü olmaktan gerçekten nefret ederdi. In fact, she would have hated having this episode be all about her. Tiesą sakant, jai būtų nepatikę, kad šis epizodas būtų tik apie ją. Aslında, bu bölümün tamamen kendisiyle ilgili olmasından nefret ederdi. (Go away!) Sorry, Florey. (Eik šalin!) Atsiprašau, Florey. When she traveled back home after the war, she was so worried about her fans coming up and bothering her, she used a fake name, Miss Smith, to avoid what she called the fuzz buzz or the unwanted attention. Po karo grįžusi namo, ji taip nerimavo, kad jos gerbėjai prie jos prieis ir trukdys, kad, norėdama išvengti, kaip ji vadino, nepageidaujamo dėmesio, naudojo netikrą vardą - Miss Smith. Savaştan sonra eve döndüğünde, hayranlarının gelip kendisini rahatsız etmesinden o kadar endişeleniyordu ki, kendi deyimiyle "fuzz buzz" ya da istenmeyen ilgiden kaçınmak için Bayan Smith adında sahte bir isim kullandı. Unfortunately for Florence, her sister Parthenope loved being the sister of a celebrity and was always telling stories about her. Florencijos nelaimei, jos sesuo Partenopė mėgo būti garsenybės seserimi ir nuolat apie ją pasakodavo istorijas. Ne yazık ki Florence için kız kardeşi Parthenope ünlü birinin kız kardeşi olmayı seviyordu ve sürekli onun hakkında hikayeler anlatıyordu. Maybe it was her way of getting her own back after all that owl pecking. Galbūt tai buvo jos būdas atkeršyti po viso to pelėdos kudakavimo. Belki de o kadar baykuş gagalamasından sonra kendini geri alma yoluydu.

There were some upsides to fame, however. Tačiau šlovė turėjo ir gerų pusių. Ancak şöhretin bazı iyi yanları da vardı. Florence became good mates with Queen Victoria, who even persuaded Florence to pose for photographs when she really didn't want to. Florencija tapo gera karalienės Viktorijos drauge, kuri net įtikino Florenciją pozuoti nuotraukoms, nors ji to tikrai nenorėjo. It wasn't all selfies with the Queen, though. Tačiau tai nebuvo vien asmenukės su karaliene. Yine de her şey Kraliçe ile selfie çekmek değildi. Florence's return from the war was something called Crimean fever, and unfortunately, she never got better. Grįžusi iš karo Florencija sirgo vadinamąja Krymo karštine, deja, ji niekada nepasveiko. Вернувшись с войны, Флоранс заболела так называемой крымской лихорадкой, и, к сожалению, так и не поправилась. Florence savaştan döndüğünde Kırım humması denen bir hastalığa yakalandı ve ne yazık ki hiçbir zaman iyileşemedi. She would spend most of her life confined to her bed, being very ill. Didžiąją gyvenimo dalį ji praleido prikaustyta prie lovos, nes labai sirgo. Çok hasta olduğu için hayatının büyük bir bölümünü yatağa bağlı olarak geçirdi.

So, in the story of Florence Nightingale, can we say: "That's all folks?" Taigi, ar galime sakyti, kad Florence Nightingale istorijoje: "Tai viskas, žmonės?" Florence Nightingale'in hikayesi için şöyle diyebilir miyiz? "Hepsi bu mu millet?" Nope, she was just getting started. Ne, ji tik pradėjo. Hayır, daha yeni başlıyordu. She may have spent decades in her gym jams – highly relatable right now – but her disability didn't stop her. Galbūt ji dešimtmečius praleido sporto salėje, tačiau jos negalia jos nesustabdė. Onlarca yılını spor salonunda geçirmiş olabilir - şu anda oldukça ilişkilendirilebilir - ama engeli onu durdurmadı. In fact, it was from her bed that she made her most important contributions to nursing. Tiesą sakant, būtent iš savo lovos ji įnešė didžiausią indėlį į slaugą. Remember how she was a brilliant boffin? Prisimenate, kaip ji buvo puiki būrėja? Well, she now used her math skills to study loads of statistics she'd carefully gathered during the Crimean War. Na, o dabar ji naudojosi savo matematiniais įgūdžiais, kad išstudijuotų daugybę statistinių duomenų, kuriuos kruopščiai surinko per Krymo karą.

In fact, she wrote a massive 853-page report about what went wrong, including how many deaths could have been prevented. Iš tiesų ji parašė didžiulę 853 puslapių ataskaitą apie tai, kas buvo negerai, įskaitant tai, kiek mirčių buvo galima išvengti. She was also a dab hand at designing fancy charts and infographics that, when people saw them, explained all of her findings in very easy-to-understand ways. Ji taip pat puikiai mokėjo kurti įmantrias diagramas ir infografikas, kurias pamatę žmonės lengvai suprasdavo visus jos rezultatus. And this was so impressive, Florence was the first-ever woman to be allowed to join the Royal Statistical Society, although, awkwardly, the paperwork hadn't caught up with her and the membership forms kept referring to her as a he or Mr. Nightingale. Ir tai buvo taip įspūdinga, kad Florence buvo pirmoji moteris, kuriai buvo leista įstoti į Karališkąją statistikos draugiją, nors, kaip bebūtų keista, dokumentai jos nesulaukė, ir narystės formose ji vis buvo vadinama "jis" arba "ponas Nightingale'as". Ve bu o kadar etkileyiciydi ki, Florence Kraliyet İstatistik Derneği'ne katılmasına izin verilen ilk kadın oldu, ancak garip bir şekilde, evrak işleri ona yetişmemişti ve üyelik formları ondan bir erkek ya da Bay Nightingale olarak bahsetmeye devam etti.

She also wrote two brilliantly researched books. "Notes on Nursing" said how important that clean air, clean water, lots of light, room to move, and good food were for the patients, as well, of course, as peace and quiet so people could rest and recover. Her other book was called "Notes on Hospitals," and it suggested changing the layout of hospital rooms and building nice gardens for people to walk around. Kita jos knyga vadinosi "Pastabos apie ligonines" ir joje buvo siūloma keisti ligoninių kambarių išplanavimą ir įrengti gražius sodus, kuriuose žmonės galėtų pasivaikščioti.

Flo also knew nurses needed proper training, so she opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in 1860. Flo taip pat žinojo, kad slaugytojoms reikia tinkamo mokymo, todėl 1860 m. ji atidarė Nightingale slaugos mokyklą. It was funded by a national appeal which raised over £44,000, which today is about £2.5 million. Jis buvo finansuojamas nacionaliniu raginimu, kurio metu buvo surinkta daugiau nei 44 000 svarų sterlingų, o tai šiandien sudaro apie 2,5 mln. svarų sterlingų. Bugün yaklaşık 2,5 milyon sterlin olan 44.000 sterlinin üzerinde para toplanan ulusal bir çağrı ile finanse edildi. Amazingly, it stayed open for 100 years before becoming part of King's College London, where it still exists today. Nuostabu, kad jis veikė 100 metų, kol tapo Londono karališkojo koledžo dalimi, kur veikia iki šiol. People from all over the world came to be trained at the Nightingale School of Nursing and then took their new skills back home where they sometimes then opened their own training schools.

Florence also worked to improve the really nasty workhouse infirmaries which poor people went to if they were ill. Florencija taip pat stengėsi pagerinti išties bjaurias darbininkų prieglaudų ligonines, į kurias patekdavo susirgę vargšai. Florence strongly believed that good healthcare was essential for everyone and that hospital care for poor people should match the quality of posh hospitals. Florencija buvo tvirtai įsitikinusi, kad gera sveikatos priežiūra yra būtina visiems ir kad neturtingų žmonių priežiūra ligoninėse turėtų atitikti prabangių ligoninių kokybę.

Florence was a force to be reckoned with and could be pretty scary if you didn't do what she asked, but she could also be warm and funny. Florencija buvo jėga, su kuria reikėjo skaitytis, ir ji galėjo būti labai baisi, jei nedarydavai to, ko ji prašydavo, tačiau ji taip pat galėjo būti šilta ir juokinga. Florence hesaba katılması gereken bir güçtü ve istediğini yapmazsanız oldukça korkutucu olabilirdi, ama aynı zamanda sıcak ve komik de olabilirdi. She wrote more than 14,000 letters during her life and responded to anyone who wrote to her. Per savo gyvenimą ji parašė daugiau nei 14 000 laiškų ir atsakė visiems, kurie jai rašė. Hayatı boyunca 14.000'den fazla mektup yazmış ve kendisine yazan herkese yanıt vermiştir. Even though she was poorly for more than 50 years, she lived until 90 years old, long enough to record her voice on Thomas Edison's newly invented sound recording device. Nors daugiau kaip 50 metų ji sirgo silpnaprotyste, ji gyveno iki 90 metų - pakankamai ilgai, kad galėtų įrašyti savo balsą į Tomo Edisono naujai išrastą garso įrašymo įrenginį. And here it is!

(I hope my voice may perpetuate the great work of my life.)

And in case you didn't quite catch that, Florence said, "I hope my voice may perpetuate the great work of my life." Ir jei nesupratote, Florence sakė: "Tikiuosi, kad mano balsas įamžins didįjį mano gyvenimo darbą." Eğer tam olarak anlayamadıysanız, Florence şöyle dedi: "Umarım sesim hayatımın en büyük eserini devam ettirebilir."

In true Florence form, she definitely wanted no fuzz buzz when she died in 1910 and refused the offer of a state funeral at Westminster Abbey, where kings and queens are buried. Tikra Florencija, 1910 m. mirusi ji tikrai nenorėjo, kad jai būtų surengtos valstybinės laidotuvės Vestminsterio abatijoje, kur laidojami karaliai ir karalienės. Instead, she now rests in St Margaret's Church in Hampshire. Dabar ji ilsisi Šv.Margaretos bažnyčioje Hampšyre. Her grave marker simply reads "FN," with her date of birth and death. Ant jos kapo paminklo tiesiog parašyta "FN", nurodyta gimimo ir mirties data. It's the simplest of tombstones. Tai paprasčiausias antkapinis paminklas. Classic Florence.

Even though Florence Nightingale is remembered as the world's most famous nurse, her legacy is more about all the huge pioneering changes she made to nursing and healthcare as a whole, helping to turn it into the vital, noble, and scientific profession we all admire and rely upon today. Nors Florence Nightingale prisimenama kaip garsiausia pasaulyje slaugytoja, jos palikimas labiau susijęs su visais didžiuliais novatoriškais pokyčiais, kuriuos ji atliko slaugos ir visos sveikatos priežiūros srityje, padėdama ją paversti gyvybinga, kilnia ir moksline profesija, kuria šiandien visi žavimės ir kuria pasikliaujame.

What an amazing life! Now it's time for the Florence Nightingale quiz. Ok, 3, 2, 1, here we go!

Question 1: Why did her parents name her Florence?

Question 2: What was Florence's sister called? Don't worry, you won't lose any marks for spelling. It's a tricky one.

Question 3: Florence Nightingale is famous for being a nurse during which war? 3 klausimas: Florence Nightingale išgarsėjo kaip slaugytoja per kurį karą?

Question 4: In 1860, what did Florence Nightingale open so people all over the world could learn about nursing? 4 klausimas: Ką 1860 m. Florence Nightingale atidarė, kad žmonės visame pasaulyje galėtų sužinoti apie slaugą?

And question 5: How old would Florence have been on May 12, 2020? 5 klausimas: kiek metų Florencijai būtų sukakę 2020 m. gegužės 12 d.?

Ok, now it's time for the answers.

The answer to question 1: She was born in Florence, so she was called Florence. Atsakymas į 1 klausimą: ji gimė Florencijoje, todėl buvo vadinama Florencija.

The answer to question 2: Parthenope.

The answer to question 3: The Crimean War. Atsakymas į 3 klausimą: Krymo karas.

The answer to question 4: The Nightingale School of Nursing. Atsakymas į 4 klausimą: Nightingale slaugos mokykla.

And the answer to question 5: She would have been 200 years old this May. Atsakymas į 5 klausimą: šią gegužę jai būtų sukakę 200 metų.

How did you do? If you didn't get all 5, that's ok, why not listen again on the podcast and try the quiz a second time? Jei nepavyko surinkti visų 5 atsakymų, nieko baisaus, kodėl gi neklausyti podkasto ir neišbandyti viktorinos antrą kartą?

And don't forget to raise a glass for Florence's 200th birthday, which was on May 12th and also marks International Nurses Day. Nepamirškite pakelti taurę Florencijos 200-ojo gimtadienio proga - gegužės 12-ąją minima Tarptautinė slaugytojų diena. Happy birthday, old Flo!

And of course, to all the nurses, healthcare workers, and carers listening today, thank you, you're amazing.

Tune in next time for some more homeschool history, and make sure to subscribe to the podcast on BBC Sounds so you never miss an episode. Thank you for listening, take care, and goodbye.

Homeschool History was a Muddy Knees media production for Radio 4 and BBC Sounds. The script was by Gabby Hutchinson Crouch, Emma Nagouse and me. The producers were Ben Green and Abbey Patterson, and the historical advisor was Melissa Chatton from the Florence Nightingale Museum.

Hi, my name's Jarvis Cocker, and I'm here to tell you about Wireless Nights. A nocturnal investigation into the human condition. A collection of stories about the night and the people who come alive after dark. From nightclubs to night rail, from the man in the moon to the land of the midnight sun, join me and discover a different kind of nightlife. All episodes now available on the BBC Sounds app.