Why You Wouldn't Survive A Mission To Mars Por qué no sobrevivirías a una misión a Marte Porque é que não sobreviveria a uma missão a Marte

so you think you got the right stuff

that you'd be a great choice to help

colonize mars

even if there was a crisis you think you

could keep a level head and grow poderia manter a cabeça no lugar e crescer

potatoes

well hold on there major tom there's

many dangers to overcome

even before you land on the red planet

on average the distance from mars to

earth is 140 million

miles however this distance is always

fluctuating mars is the fourth planet

from the sun to earth's third

and has a different and slower orbit

path around the sun

even when earth and mars come close

together when mars is at perihelion and samen wanneer mars in perihelium is en

earth is at aphelion de aarde is bij aphelium

the planets are still around 35 million

miles apart

and that's a long way to travel assuming

that humanity can get past political

turmoil and funding issues to launch a turbulência e questões de financiamento para lançar um

mission to mars the best case scenario

is about a 14-month round trip

rather than firing a spacecraft at mars em vez de disparar uma nave espacial em marte

engineers are likely to aim it in a wide engenheiros tendem a apontá-lo em uma ampla

orbit around the sun

and the sun's gravity would give the

spacecraft a boost known as a gravity nave espacial um impulso conhecido como gravidade

assist

thereby saving time and fuel the

spacecraft's orbit would then intersect

with mars it would take an estimated

seven months to reach mars a few days

for research experiments sample

collection and maybe a minor

construction of some sort of permanent

dwelling

then seven months to get back to earth

so do you think you could handle upwards então você acha que poderia lidar para cima

of 14 months non-stop

in space the trip would be both

physiologically and psychologically

challenging

in fact nasa recognizes five classes of

stressor that can significantly affect

human health and performance

on deep space missions they are

radiation altered gravity fields

isolation slash confinement distance

from earth and hostile closed

environments

space radiation is one of the biggest

hazards astronauts will have to contend

with during a mission to mars

thankfully the earth has a protective

magnetosphere generated by electric

currents in our core

which shields our planet and diverts

much of the radiation back into space

also stray radiation particles are

absorbed by our planet's thick

atmosphere

however beyond low orbit astronauts

would be exposed to space radiation

a report by the european space agency

estimated that on a mission to mars

astronauts could receive radiation doses

up to 700 times higher than on earth

therefore the astronauts would have a

significant risk for radiation sickness

and increased lifetime risk for cancer

and degenerative diseases

cumulative doses of radiation such as

received during a long space mission

can also damage astronauts central

nervous systems as a result

the astronauts moods memory and learning

ability might be affected

of course the last thing you'd want

during interplanetary travel

is cognitive impairment the

international space station or iss

orbits within the magnetosphere

and its hull also has radiation

shielding properties nasa is continuing

to explore a variety of materials to

create a long-haul spacecraft that could

provide radiation shielding for its crew

without adding significant weight

currently study of how radiation affects

humans is limited to scientists studying

lab animals on earth

it's hard to generate deep space

radiation data without purposefully

poisoning some astronauts

but that's just the start of the dangers

awaiting you on a trip to mars

in addition to radiation there are other

physical obstacles that make traveling

to mars dangerous

including microgravity living in zero

gravity can mean a temporary loss of a

sense of up and down and disruption of

the proprioceptive system which tells a

human where appendages in other parts of

the body are oriented relative to each

other astronauts generally adjust within

a few days

however the long-term effects of zero

gravity are much more strenuous

muscle atrophy and bone mineral density

loss studies of cosmonauts and

astronauts who had long stays on the

mere space station revealed on average

one to two percent of bone mass lost

each month on a 14 month or longer round

trip to mars when astronauts arrive home

they may face bone fragility and

possible osteoporosis

but what if the trip made you blind too

while diet and exercise aboard a

spacecraft can help mitigate the effects

of bone density loss

scientists have not yet found a way to

combat visual acuity impairments

which occur due to microgravity

currently it's thought that space flight

associated neuro-ocular syndrome or

sands

is caused by pressure in the skull on

earth gravity pulls cerebral spinal

fluid down toward the lower body

in space more cerebrospinal fluid flows

into the head and surrounds the brain

the increased pressure of the fluid

works its way down the sheath of the

optic nerve and

pushes on the back of the eyeball in a

u.s national academy of sciences study

where post-flight examinations were

performed on about 300 american

astronauts

since 1989 showed that 29 of space

shuttle crew members who flew missions

lasting two weeks or less

and 60 of international space station or

iss astronauts who generally spent

between five to six months in orbit

experienced a degradation of visual

acuity the changes in sight may but do

not necessarily correct themselves after

a return to earth

resulting in permanent damage to vision

at this point there are only theories as

to why sand seems to affect some

astronauts and not others

the last thing needed would be an

astronaut piloting a spacecraft to land

on mars with degraded vision affecting

the task at hand

scientists are working on ways to

provide spacecraft with frequent regular

periods of artificial gravity

to limit the effects of zero-g in space

though your brain itself becomes an

enemy while sometimes causing physical

symptoms the other main stressors of

long-term space flight like

isolation and confinement distance from

earth and hostile closed environments

can definitely take a toll

astronaut scott kelly and cosmonaut

mikhail kornienko spent 340 days aboard

the iss to help researchers gauge the

impact of very long space missions while

they were able to successfully complete

the study they were relatively close to

earth

and in theory could easily return if

there was an emergency travelers on a

trip to mars wouldn't be so lucky

since the days of the apollo missions

nasa has studied social isolation to

better understand how long space flight

affects humans

in 2019 nasa put on the serious 19

analog mission

a four-month study where six people were

isolated in a metal habitat that acted

as their spacecraft

lunar lander and home so researchers

could study their physiological

psychological and behavioral responses

in may of 2020 nasa put out a call for

participants in the series 20 study

which is set to go in eight months in

2022 nasa will host a 12-month isolation

study mission

these studies are being done in

preparation of the nasa-led artemis

mission

which seeks to send humans back to the

moon specifically to the lunar south

pole by 2024

this is the first mission in a plan to

have humans visit mars by 2030.

from previous studies nasa has noted

that the power of togetherness can

combat the symptoms of isolation

crew members that develop a strong

positive team dynamic handle problems

like stress

insomnia and circadian desynchronization

easier

they also work better and feel more

confident and positive so

if you're good at cooperation and

working in a team that might be a mark

in your favor

complicating matters is a phenomenon

called the third quarter effect which is

when astronauts coping skills might

deteriorate in the second half of a long

or stressful mission this could result

in increased stress and lower

performance skills

limited communication with earth is

likely to exacerbate this issue

near mars astronauts can expect a 3 to

22 minute delay depending on the

position of the planets

and receiving communication signals

which travel at the speed of light

that can mean 40 minutes to have a

simple question asked and

answered that also assumes that the

communication comes through clearly

in an emergency it would be impossible

to depend on the information from earth

to help

the greatest danger may be the one we

haven't even discovered yet though

there's another psychological issue nasa

or any other government study can't yet

account for

while humans have viewed the earth from

the moon and orbit we haven't yet viewed

the earth from far away

from mars the earth appears as a tiny

blip on the horizon

we don't know yet what the visual

realization of the earth being so

far away and therefore no one being able

to help in a crisis

will spark in a human one last concern

of scientists

is that the cumulative effect of various

space flight stressors might be

synergistic

ultimately it would be nearly impossible

to experiment and attempt to test all

the stressors on a potential astronaut

all at once

so could you survive a mission to mars

the simple answer is

no one knows but do you think you're

tough enough to try

now that you reached the end of our

video why not keep the watch party going

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