What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth? Was passiert, wenn wir die Sonne auf die Erde bringen? What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth? ¿Qué pasa si traemos el Sol a la Tierra? 太陽を地球に持ち込むとどうなるか？ Kas nutiks, jei Saulę atgabensime į Žemę? Wat gebeurt er als we de zon naar de aarde brengen? Co się stanie, jeśli sprowadzimy Słońce na Ziemię? O que acontece se trouxermos o Sol para a Terra? Что произойдет, если мы перенесем Солнце на Землю? Güneşi Dünyaya Getirirsek Ne Olur? Що станеться, якщо ми повернемо Сонце на Землю? 如果我们把太阳带到地球上会怎样？

What would happen if you were to bring a tiny piece of the Sun to Earth? Short answer: you die. Long answer: it depends which piece of the Sun.

Like most of the matter in the universe, our Sun is neither solid, liquid or gas, but plasma. Como la mayor parte de la materia del universo, nuestro Sol no es ni sólido, ni líquido, ni gaseoso, sino plasma. Plasma is when stuff is so hot that the nuclei and electrons can separate and flow around freely, which creates a goo like substance. Plazma, bir şey o kadar sıcak olduğunda çekirdeklerin ve elektronların ayrılıp serbestçe dolaşabildiği ve yapışkan bir madde oluşturduğu durumdur.

So, you can imagine our Sun as an extremely big, spherical ocean of very hot goo.

The deeper you, go the denser and weirder the goo becomes.

So let's bring 3 samples (each the size of a house), to our lab here on Earth and see what happens. Así que traigamos 3 muestras (cada una del tamaño de una casa), a nuestro laboratorio aquí en la Tierra y veamos qué pasa. First sample: the chromosphere. Primera muestra: la cromosfera. The chromosphere is the atmosphere of the Sun, a layer of sparse gas up to 5,000 kilometers deep, La cromosfera es la atmósfera del Sol, una capa de gas poco densa de hasta 5.000 kilómetros de profundidad, that's covered in a forest of plasma spikes that can be almost as big as Earth. que está cubierto por un bosque de pinchos de plasma que pueden ser casi tan grandes como la Tierra.

It's pretty hot here between 6,000 and 20,000 degrees Celsius, but if we brought a solvent of it to Earth, Aquí hace bastante calor, entre 6.000 y 20.000 grados Celsius, pero si trajéramos un disolvente a la Tierra, Здесь довольно жарко - от 6000 до 20 000 градусов Цельсия, но если бы мы привезли растворитель этого вещества на Землю,

we're not really getting our money's worth. realmente no estamos obteniendo el valor de nuestro dinero. мы не получаем реальной отдачи от своих денег.

Where we take our sample, the chromosphere is over a million times less dense than air.

So, compared to our atmosphere at sea level, it's basically the same as bringing the vacuum of space down to Earth. Así que, comparado con nuestra atmósfera a nivel del mar, es básicamente lo mismo que traer el vacío del espacio a la Tierra.

The moment our sample arrives, it would immediately be crushed by Earth's atmospheric pressure and implode. En el momento en que llegue nuestra muestra, sería inmediatamente aplastada por la presión atmosférica de la Tierra e implosionaría.

Air would rush to fill the vacuum and use as much energy as 12 kilograms of TNT in the process. El aire se apresuraría a llenar el vacío y consumiría tanta energía como 12 kilogramos de TNT en el proceso.

This creates a high pressure shockwave, which shatters glass, ruptures ear drums, Esto crea una onda de choque de alta presión, que destroza cristales y rompe tímpanos, Это создает ударную волну высокого давления, которая разбивает стекло, разрывает барабанные перепонки,

and maybe some internal organs. If you're standing too close it could kill you, so you'd better keep your distance y tal vez algunos órganos internos. Si estás demasiado cerca podría matarte, así que mejor mantén la distancia.

Let's go deeper.

Second sample, the photosphere

Beneath the chromosphere, is the glowing surface of the Sun: the photosphere, which produces the light we see.

It's covered in a grid of a million hot spots called granules. Each of them about as big as the United States, Het is bedekt met een raster van miljoenen hotspots die korrels worden genoemd. Elk van hen ongeveer zo groot als de Verenigde Staten,

and over 5,000 degrees Celsius.

These granules are the tops of convective columns, churning gas that brings the heat up from the center of the Sun to its surface. Эти гранулы являются вершинами конвективных столбов, взбалтывающих газ, который переносит тепло от центра Солнца к его поверхности. Bu granüller, ısıyı Güneş'in merkezinden yüzeyine taşıyan gazın çalkalandığı konvektif sütunların tepeleridir.

In these columns, a few hundred kilometres down, we take our second plasma sample. It has about the same pressure as our atmosphere on earth

Though still much less dense for there. Its heat supports it, so it won't implode. Aunque todavía mucho menos denso para allí. Su calor lo soporta, así que no implosionará. Хотя все еще гораздо менее плотно для этого. Его тепло поддерживает его, поэтому он не взорвется.

Our sphere now carries twice as much energy, as much as 25 kilograms of TNT, that this time as heat. Nuestra esfera transporta ahora el doble de energía, tanto como 25 kilos de TNT, que esta vez en forma de calor.

For a dazzling instant, this plasma would glow with a million times the brightness of the Sun seen from Earth, Durante un instante deslumbrante, este plasma resplandecería con un millón de veces el brillo del Sol visto desde la Tierra, На какое-то ослепительное мгновение эта плазма будет светиться с яркостью, в миллион раз превышающей яркость Солнца, видимого с Земли.

instantly lighting fires throughout our lab, but a few milliseconds later. Those fires are all that's left. instantáneamente encendiendo fuegos por todo nuestro laboratorio, pero unos milisegundos después. Esos fuegos son todo lo que queda. мгновенно зажигает огонь по всей лаборатории, но спустя несколько миллисекунд. Те пожары - все, что осталось.

The plasma has cooled to harmless gas, floating up from the flaming ruins. El plasma se ha enfriado hasta convertirse en gas inofensivo que flota entre las ruinas en llamas.

What if we go deeper?

Third sample. The radiative zone. Derde steekproef. De stralingszone.

Here, the plasma is about two million degrees Celsius, and so dense and tightly packed, that it creates a sort of maze for itself. Aquí, el plasma está a unos dos millones de grados centígrados, y es tan denso y apretado que crea una especie de laberinto para sí mismo.

Energy in the form of photons tries to escape,

but has to wander for hundreds of thousands of years, bouncing endlessly from particle to particle, until it eventually finds an exit. pero tiene que vagar durante cientos de miles de años, rebotando sin cesar de partícula en partícula, hasta que finalmente encuentra una salida. но ему приходится блуждать сотни тысяч лет, бесконечно прыгая от частицы к частице, пока в конце концов не найдет выход.

Bringing matter from here to our lab, is what experts call, a very bad idea. Traer materia de aquí a nuestro laboratorio, es lo que los expertos llaman, una muy mala idea.

As soon as it arrives in our lab, the extreme pressure that holds the plasma tightly together is gone, En cuanto llega a nuestro laboratorio, desaparece la presión extrema que mantiene unido el plasma,

and the material explodes with the power of a thermonuclear weapon. Our lab as well as the city around it will be destroyed in an instant. y el material explota con la potencia de un arma termonuclear. Nuestro laboratorio y la ciudad que lo rodea serán destruidos en un instante.

On the bright side, there won't be any radioactive fallout. Lo bueno es que no habrá lluvia radiactiva.

With our lab destroyed, we can abandon the illusion that we're trying to do any science today. What if we go much, much deeper? Con nuestro laboratorio destruido, podemos abandonar la ilusión de que intentamos hacer algo de ciencia hoy. ¿Y si vamos mucho, mucho más profundo?

Last sample. The core

Here in the central 1% of the star, we find a third of the sun's mass. Aquí, en el 1% central de la estrella, encontramos un tercio de la masa solar.

The matter here is compressed by the weight of the entire star above it. In the center of the core,

the temperature is 15 million degrees,

hot enough to make helium by smashing together hydrogen, powering the Sun by nuclear fusion. lo suficientemente caliente como para producir helio mediante la fusión del hidrógeno, alimentando el Sol por fusión nuclear.

In billions of years after the death of the Sun, this core will remain as a white dwarf.

If we brought a sample of it to Earth, it would cause a lot of inconvenience Если бы мы привезли его образец на Землю, это доставило бы массу неудобств.

The biggest nuclear weapon ever detonated, had an energy of 40 megatons of TNT, or a cube the size of the Empire State Building.

Our sample has the equivalent of 4,000 megatons.

This is four billion tons of TNT, or a cube 1.3 kilometers high.

To give you a sense of scale this is the cube inside Manhattan. Para que te hagas una idea de la escala, este es el cubo dentro de Manhattan.

Once the sphere arrives on Earth, this super dense matter expands instantly and creates an explosion with the force of well, Как только сфера прибывает на Землю, эта сверхплотная материя мгновенно расширяется и создает взрыв с силой колодца,

the Sun.

If we get the sample in Paris, in the morning the citizens of London would see what looks like a second sunrise.

But, one that gets brighter and brighter, and hotter and hotter, until London burns to ashes.

In a radius of about 300 kilometres around the blast, everything would be burnt.

The shockwave would travel around the Earth multiple times.

Most buildings in Central Europe would be flattened, eardrums would rupture, and windows break across the continent.

The explosion would be apocalyptic.

possibly humans civilization ending.

If humans did survive, we could count on the dust blown into the atmosphere to create a small ice age.

So, if there is one tiny bright side, it would be that the explosion might be an effective way to control Así que, si hay un pequeño lado positivo, sería que la explosión podría ser una forma eficaz de controlar

human-caused climate change for a few decades. антропогенное изменение климата на несколько десятилетий.

While this is definitely a good thing, all in all we conclude, that we should not try to bring the Sun to earth Aunque se trata de algo positivo, concluimos que no debemos intentar traer el Sol a la Tierra.

We've made a lot of questionable assumptions in this video, but our maths is real. If you're like us

and you enjoy using the power of math to calculate

absurd ways to destroy stuff you may be interested in all the other things you can do with maths. For example,

You could calculate how to mine mercury for silicon to build a Dyson Sphere, Podrías calcular cómo extraer mercurio en busca de silicio para construir una Esfera de Dyson,

determine how long it will take the Sun to burn out or simply do your taxes. определите, сколько времени потребуется Солнцу, чтобы выгореть, или просто уплатите налоги.

But as much as we love explaining these things, the best way to learn anything is by doing it yourself. Pero por mucho que nos guste explicar estas cosas, la mejor manera de aprender algo es haciéndolo uno mismo.

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