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TED-ED, What does the liver do? Emma Bryce

What does the liver do? Emma Bryce

There's a factory inside you that weighs about 1.4 kilograms and runs for 24 hours a day. This is your liver, the heaviest organ in your body, and one of the most crucial.

This industrious structure simultaneously acts as a storehouse, a manufacturing hub, and a processing plant. And each of these functions involve so many important subtasks that without the liver, our bodies would simply stop working.

One of the liver's main functions is to filter the body's blood, which it receives in regular shipments from two sources: the hepatic artery delivers blood from the heart, while the hepatic portal vein brings it from the intestine. This double delivery fills the liver with nutrients, that it then sorts, processes and stores with the help of thousands of tiny internal processing plants, known as lobules.

Both blood flows also deliver the oxygen that the liver needs to function. The blood that is received from the intestine contains carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins and other nutrients dissolved in it from the food you've consumed. These must be processed in different ways. In the case of carbohydrates, the liver breaks them down and converts them into sugars for the body to use as energy when the filtered blood is sent back out. Sometimes the body has leftovers of nutrients that it doesn't immediately require. When that happens, the liver holds some back, and stacks them in its storage facility. This facility works like a pantry for future cases when the body might be in need of nutrients. But the blood flowing into the liver isn't always full of good things. It also contains toxins and byproducts that the body can't use. And the liver monitors these strictly. When it spots a useless or toxic substance, it either converts it into a product that can't hurt the body or isolates it and whisks it away, channeling it through the kidneys and intestine to be excreted. Of course, we wouldn't consider the liver a factory if it didn't also manufacture things. This organ makes everything from various blood plasma proteins that transport fatty acids and help form blood clots, to the cholesterol that helps the body create hormones. It also makes vitamin D and substances that help digestion. But one of its most vital products is bile.

Like an eco-friendly treatment plant, the liver uses cells called hepatocytes to convert toxic waste products into this bitter greenish liquid. As it's produced, bile is funneled into a small container below the liver, called the gallbladder, before being trickled into the intestine to help break down fats, destroy microbes, and neutralize extra stomach acid. Bile also helps carry other toxins and byproducts from the liver out of the body.

So as you can see, the liver is an extremely efficient industrial site, performing multiple tasks that support each other. But such a complex system needs to be kept running smoothly by keeping it healthy and not overloading it with more toxins than it can handle. This is one factory we simply can't afford to shut down.

What does the liver do? Emma Bryce Was macht die Leber? Emma Bryce ¿Qué hace el hígado? Emma Bryce Que fait le foie ? Emma Bryce 肝臓の働きとは?エマ・ブライス 간은 어떤 기능을 할까요? 엠마 브라이스 Ką veikia kepenys? Emma Bryce Czym zajmuje się wątroba? Emma Bryce O que é que o fígado faz? Emma Bryce Что делает печень? Эмма Брайс Vad gör levern? Emma Bryce 肝脏有什么作用?艾玛·布莱斯

There's a factory inside you that weighs about 1.4 kilograms and runs for 24 hours a day. یک کارخانه در داخل شما وجود دارد که وزن آن حدود 1.4 کیلوگرم است و 24 ساعت شبانه روز کار می کند. Há uma fábrica dentro de si que pesa cerca de 1,4 kg e funciona 24 horas por dia. 你体内有一个工厂,重约 1.4 公斤,每天 24 小时运转。 This is your liver, the heaviest organ in your body, and one of the most crucial. Trata-se do fígado, o órgão mais pesado do corpo e um dos mais importantes.

This industrious structure simultaneously acts as a storehouse, a manufacturing hub, and a processing plant. این سازه پرکار به طور همزمان به عنوان یک انبار، یک مرکز تولید و یک کارخانه فرآوری عمل می کند. Esta estrutura industrial funciona simultaneamente como armazém, centro de fabrico e unidade de transformação. Эта трудолюбивая структура одновременно действует как склад, производственный центр и перерабатывающий завод. And each of these functions involve so many important subtasks that without the liver, our bodies would simply stop working. و هر یک از این عملکردها آنقدر وظایف فرعی مهم را شامل می شود که بدون کبد، بدن ما به سادگی از کار می افتد. И каждая из этих функций включает в себя столько важных подзадач, что без печени наш организм просто перестал бы работать.

One of the liver's main functions is to filter the body's blood, which it receives in regular shipments from two sources: the hepatic artery delivers blood from the heart, while the hepatic portal vein brings it from the intestine. یکی از وظایف اصلی کبد فیلتر کردن خون بدن است که در محموله های منظم از دو منبع دریافت می کند: شریان کبدی خون را از قلب می رساند، در حالی که ورید باب کبدی آن را از روده می آورد. Uma das principais funções do fígado é filtrar o sangue do corpo, que recebe em remessas regulares de duas fontes: a artéria hepática fornece sangue do coração, enquanto a veia porta hepática o traz do intestino. Одной из основных функций печени является фильтрация крови организма, которую она регулярно получает из двух источников: печеночная артерия доставляет кровь от сердца, а печеночная воротная вена приносит ее от кишечника. This double delivery fills the liver with nutrients, that it then sorts, processes and stores with the help of thousands of tiny internal processing plants, known as lobules. این تحویل مضاعف، کبد را پر از مواد مغذی می‌کند، و سپس با کمک هزاران گیاه فرآوری داخلی کوچک، که به نام لوبول شناخته می‌شوند، دسته‌بندی، پردازش و ذخیره می‌شود. Esta dupla entrega enche o fígado de nutrientes, que depois classifica, processa e armazena com a ajuda de milhares de minúsculas fábricas de processamento interno, conhecidas como lóbulos. Эта двойная доставка наполняет печень питательными веществами, которые она затем сортирует, обрабатывает и хранит с помощью тысяч крошечных внутренних перерабатывающих растений, известных как дольки.

Both blood flows also deliver the oxygen that the liver needs to function. هر دو جریان خون نیز اکسیژنی را که کبد برای عملکرد به آن نیاز دارد را تحویل می دهد. Ambos os fluxos sanguíneos também fornecem o oxigénio de que o fígado necessita para funcionar. The blood that is received from the intestine contains carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins and other nutrients dissolved in it from the food you've consumed. O sangue que é recebido do intestino contém hidratos de carbono, gorduras, vitaminas e outros nutrientes dissolvidos nos alimentos que consumimos. Кровь, поступающая из кишечника, содержит углеводы, жиры, витамины и другие питательные вещества, растворенные в ней из съеденной пищи. These must be processed in different ways. Estes devem ser processados de formas diferentes. Их нужно обрабатывать по-разному. In the case of carbohydrates, the liver breaks them down and converts them into sugars for the body to use as energy when the filtered blood is sent back out. در مورد کربوهیدرات ها، کبد آنها را تجزیه می کند و آنها را به قند تبدیل می کند تا بدن از آن به عنوان انرژی استفاده کند که خون تصفیه شده به بیرون فرستاده شود. No caso dos hidratos de carbono, o fígado decompõe-nos e transforma-os em açúcares que o organismo utiliza como energia quando o sangue filtrado é enviado de volta para o exterior. В случае углеводов печень расщепляет их и превращает в сахара, которые организм использует в качестве энергии, когда отфильтрованная кровь отправляется обратно. Sometimes the body has leftovers of nutrients that it doesn't immediately require. گاهی اوقات بدن مواد مغذی باقی مانده ای دارد که فوراً به آنها نیاز ندارد. Por vezes, o corpo tem restos de nutrientes de que não necessita imediatamente. Иногда в организме остаются питательные вещества, которые не требуются немедленно. When that happens, the liver holds some back, and stacks them in its storage facility. Quando isso acontece, o fígado retém alguns e empilha-os no seu armazém. Когда это происходит, печень удерживает некоторые из них и складывает их в хранилище. This facility works like a pantry for future cases when the body might be in need of nutrients. Esta instalação funciona como uma despensa para futuros casos em que o corpo possa necessitar de nutrientes. Это учреждение работает как кладовая для будущих случаев, когда организму могут понадобиться питательные вещества. But the blood flowing into the liver isn't always full of good things. Но кровь, притекающая к печени, не всегда полна хороших вещей. It also contains toxins and byproducts that the body can't use. Contém também toxinas e subprodutos que o organismo não pode utilizar. And the liver monitors these strictly. و کبد این موارد را به شدت تحت نظر دارد. E o fígado controla-os rigorosamente. И печень строго следит за этим. When it spots a useless or toxic substance, it either converts it into a product that can't hurt the body or isolates it and whisks it away, channeling it through the kidneys and intestine to be excreted. هنگامی که ماده ای بی فایده یا سمی را تشخیص می دهد، یا آن را به محصولی تبدیل می کند که نمی تواند به بدن آسیب برساند یا آن را جدا می کند و از بین می برد و آن را به کلیه ها و روده ها هدایت می کند تا دفع شود. Quando detecta uma substância inútil ou tóxica, transforma-a num produto que não pode prejudicar o organismo ou isola-a e afasta-a, canalizando-a através dos rins e do intestino para ser excretada. Когда он замечает бесполезное или токсичное вещество, он либо превращает его в продукт, который не может повредить организму, либо изолирует его и уносит, направляя через почки и кишечник для выведения. Of course, we wouldn't consider the liver a factory if it didn't also manufacture things. البته اگر جگر را هم تولید نمی کرد، کارخانه ای نمی دانستیم. É claro que não consideraríamos o fígado uma fábrica se ele não fabricasse também coisas. Конечно, мы бы не считали печень фабрикой, если бы она не производила вещи. This organ makes everything from various blood plasma proteins that transport fatty acids and help form blood clots, to the cholesterol that helps the body create hormones. این اندام همه چیز را می‌سازد، از پروتئین‌های مختلف پلاسمای خون که اسیدهای چرب را انتقال می‌دهند و به تشکیل لخته‌های خون کمک می‌کنند تا کلسترولی که به بدن در تولید هورمون‌ها کمک می‌کند. Este órgão produz tudo, desde várias proteínas do plasma sanguíneo que transportam ácidos gordos e ajudam a formar coágulos sanguíneos, até ao colesterol que ajuda o corpo a criar hormonas. Этот орган вырабатывает все: от различных белков плазмы крови, которые транспортируют жирные кислоты и способствуют образованию тромбов, до холестерина, который помогает организму вырабатывать гормоны. It also makes vitamin D and substances that help digestion. همچنین ویتامین D و موادی می سازد که به هضم غذا کمک می کند. Он также вырабатывает витамин D и вещества, помогающие пищеварению. But one of its most vital products is bile. Но одним из самых важных его продуктов является желчь.

Like an eco-friendly treatment plant, the liver uses cells called hepatocytes to convert toxic waste products into this bitter greenish liquid. مانند یک تصفیه خانه دوستدار محیط زیست، کبد از سلول هایی به نام سلول های کبدی برای تبدیل مواد زائد سمی به این مایع سبز رنگ تلخ استفاده می کند. Como uma estação de tratamento ecológica, o fígado utiliza células chamadas hepatócitos para converter os resíduos tóxicos neste líquido amargo e esverdeado. Подобно экологически чистой очистной установке, печень использует клетки, называемые гепатоцитами, для преобразования токсичных отходов в эту горькую зеленоватую жидкость. As it's produced, bile is funneled into a small container below the liver, called the gallbladder, before being trickled into the intestine to help break down fats, destroy microbes, and neutralize extra stomach acid. À medida que é produzida, a bílis é canalizada para um pequeno recipiente por baixo do fígado, chamado vesícula biliar, antes de ser canalizada para o intestino para ajudar a decompor as gorduras, destruir os micróbios e neutralizar o ácido estomacal extra. По мере своего производства желчь направляется в небольшой резервуар под печенью, называемый желчным пузырем, а затем попадает в кишечник, чтобы расщеплять жиры, уничтожать микробы и нейтрализовать избыток желудочной кислоты. Bile also helps carry other toxins and byproducts from the liver out of the body. A bílis também ajuda a transportar outras toxinas e subprodutos do fígado para fora do corpo. Желчь также помогает выводить из организма другие токсины и побочные продукты печени.

So as you can see, the liver is an extremely efficient industrial site, performing multiple tasks that support each other. Como se pode ver, o fígado é uma unidade industrial extremamente eficiente, que desempenha múltiplas tarefas que se apoiam mutuamente. Итак, как вы можете видеть, печень является чрезвычайно эффективной промышленной площадкой, выполняющей множество задач, которые дополняют друг друга. But such a complex system needs to be kept running smoothly by keeping it healthy and not overloading it with more toxins than it can handle. Mas um sistema tão complexo precisa de ser mantido a funcionar sem problemas, mantendo-o saudável e não o sobrecarregando com mais toxinas do que pode suportar. Но такую сложную систему необходимо поддерживать бесперебойно, поддерживая ее в здоровом состоянии и не перегружая токсинами в большем количестве, чем она может выдержать. This is one factory we simply can't afford to shut down. Esta é uma fábrica que não podemos dar-nos ao luxo de encerrar. Это единственная фабрика, которую мы просто не можем позволить себе закрыть.