Three Ways to Destroy the Universe Drei Wege zur Zerstörung des Universums Tres maneras de destruir el universo Trois façons de détruire l'univers 宇宙を破壊する3つの方法 Trzy sposoby na zniszczenie wszechświata Três maneiras de destruir o universo Три способа уничтожить Вселенную Evreni Yok Etmenin Üç Yolu Три способи знищити Всесвіт 毁灭宇宙的三种方法 毁灭宇宙的三种方法

One day the universe will die.

But why? And how? And will the universe be dead forever?

And how do we know that?

First of all, the universe is expanding.

And not only that, the rate of its expansion is accelerating. E não só isso, a taxa de sua expansão está se acelerando.

The reason: dark energy. O motivo: energia escura.

Dark energy is a strange phenomenon that scientists believe permeates the universe. L'énergie noire est un phénomène étrange qui, selon les scientifiques, imprègne l'univers. A energia escura é um fenômeno estranho que os cientistas acreditam que permeia o universo.

Until 1998 we thought that the universe must work a bit like До 1998 года мы думали, что Вселенная должна работать как

a ball that you throw into the sky. une balle que l'on lance dans le ciel.

The ball moves up, but at some point it has to come down again. A bola sobe, mas em algum momento tem que descer novamente.

But the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up. Mas a expansão do universo está realmente acelerando.

That's like throwing a ball up and watching it fly away Это все равно, что подбросить мяч и посмотреть, как он улетает

faster and faster and faster.

Where is this acceleration coming from? De onde vem essa aceleração?

Well, we don't know, but we call it “dark energy”.

Einstein thought of it first and then decided it was stupid. Einstein y a d'abord pensé, puis a décidé que c'était stupide. Эйнштейн сначала подумал об этом, а потом решил, что это глупо.

Now, astrophysicists have decided it is plausible. Agora, os astrofísicos decidiram que é plausível. Теперь астрофизики решили, что это правдоподобно.

Trouble is, this is all very theoretical, and we don't actually know O problema é que tudo isso é muito teórico, e na verdade não sabemos

what the properties of dark energy are.

But there are various theories and they lead us to three scenarios

for the end of the universe.

One: the Big Rip. Le premier : le Big Rip. Um: o Grande Rip.

Since its birth, the universe has been expanding. Desde o seu nascimento, o universo vem se expandindo.

For unknown reasons new spaces created everywhere equally. Pour des raisons inconnues, de nouveaux espaces ont été créés partout également. Por razões desconhecidas, novos espaços foram criados em todos os lugares igualmente. По неизвестным причинам новые пространства созданы везде одинаково.

The space between galaxies expands, so they move apart. O espaço entre as galáxias se expande, então elas se afastam.

The space inside galaxies also expands, but here, gravity is strong enough L'espace à l'intérieur des galaxies se dilate également, mais la gravité y est suffisamment forte Пространство внутри галактик тоже расширяется, но здесь гравитация достаточно сильна

to keep them together. чтобы держать их вместе.

In the Big Rip scenario, the expansion accelerates up to a point where

space expands so fast that gravity can't compensate for this effect anymore.

The result is a Big Rip.

At first, only large structures like galaxies are torn apart, No início, apenas grandes estruturas como galáxias são destruídas,

since space between the single objects expands very fast. car l'espace entre les objets individuels se dilate très rapidement.

Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die. Ensuite, les grands corps comme les trous noirs, les étoiles et les planètes meurent.

Their gravity isn't strong enough to keep them together,

so they dissolve into their components. afin qu'ils se dissolvent dans leurs composants.

In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light.

Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband. Les atomes seraient désormais affectés et se dissoudraient. Os átomos agora seriam afetados, e eles simplesmente se dissolveriam.

Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact Когда пространство расширяется быстрее света, никакие частицы во Вселенной не могут взаимодействовать.

with any other particle anymore.

The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won't be able to

touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe. tocar qualquer outra coisa em um universo estranho e atemporal. прикоснуться к чему-либо еще в странной, вневременной вселенной.

Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely! Хм, а вы думали, что чувствуете себя одиноким!

Two: Heat death or a Big Freeze.

In a nutshell, the difference between the Big Rip and heat death is that

in a heat death scenario matter stays intact and is converted dans un scénario de mort thermique, la matière reste intacte et est convertie. в сценарии тепловой смерти материя остается нетронутой и преобразуется

over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation, sur une période de temps incroyablement longue mais finie, en radiations,

while the universe expands forever.

But how does this work? Let's talk about entropy.

Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, Tout système tend vers l'état d'entropie le plus élevé, Todo sistema tende para o estado de maior entropia,

like when we have a latte macchiato. zoals wanneer we een latte macchiato hebben. como quando temos um latte macchiato.

Initially, it has different regions, but over time, they will

cool down and disintegrate, until it's uniform. se refroidir et se désintégrer, jusqu'à ce qu'il soit uniforme. esfriar e desintegrar, até ficar uniforme. остыть и распадаться, пока не станет однородным.

And this also applies to the universe.

So, while the universe gets bigger and bigger,

matters slowly decays and spreads out. as coisas lentamente se decompõem e se espalham.

At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary Em algum momento, depois de muitas gerações de estrelas, todas as nuvens de gás necessárias

to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark.

The remaining suns will die; Os sóis restantes morrerão;

black holes will slowly degenerate and evaporate over trillions of years черные дыры будут медленно вырождаться и испаряться в течение триллионов лет

due to what's known as Hawking radiation.

When this process is complete, only a dilute gas of photons and light particles Quando este processo está completo, apenas um gás diluído de fótons e partículas de luz

remains, until even this decays. permanece, até que mesmo isso decaia.

All activity in the universe ceases at this point;

entropy is at its maximum and the universe is dead forever.

Unless… theoretically, it might be possible

that after an incredibly long amount of time,

there might be a spontaneous entropy decrease as a result of something called il pourrait y avoir une diminution spontanée de l'entropie à la suite d'un phénomène appelé pode haver uma diminuição espontânea da entropia como resultado de algo chamado может произойти спонтанное уменьшение энтропии в результате чего-то, что называется

“quantum tunneling”, leading to a new Big Bang. "tunnel quantique", conduisant à un nouveau Big Bang. “tunelamento quântico”, levando a um novo Big Bang. «Квантовое туннелирование», ведущее к новому Большому взрыву.

Three: Big Crunch and Big Bounce. Três: Big Crunch e Big Bounce. Третье: Big Crunch и Big Bounce.

This is the most uplifting scenario. C'est le scénario le plus réjouissant. Este é o cenário mais animador. Это самый воодушевляющий сценарий.

If there is less dark energy than we think or it decreases over time, gravity will be

the dominating force in the universe one day.

In a few trillion years, the rate of expansion of the universe Em alguns trilhões de anos, a taxa de expansão do universo

will slow down and stop.

After that, it reverses. Depois disso, inverte.

Galaxies will race at each other, merging as the universe becomes As galáxias correrão umas contra as outras, fundindo-se à medida que o universo se torna

smaller and smaller.

Since a smaller universe also means a hotter universe, temperatures rise

everywhere all at once. em todos os lugares ao mesmo tempo.

One hundred thousand years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be Cem mil anos antes do Big Crunch, a radiação de fundo seria

hotter than the surfaces of the most stars, which means that

they would be cooked from the outside. eles seriam cozidos do lado de fora.

Minutes before the Big Crunch happens, atom cores are ripped apart, Minutos antes do Big Crunch acontecer, os núcleos dos átomos são destruídos,

before supermassive black holes devour everything.

Finally, all black holes would emerge into a supermassive mega-black hole Finalmente, todos os buracos negros emergiriam em um mega-buraco negro supermassivo

that contains the entire mass of the universe,

and in the last moment before the Big Crunch e no último momento antes do Big Crunch

it would devour the universe, including itself.

The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times La théorie du grand rebond affirme que cela s'est produit à de nombreuses reprises A teoria do Big Bounce afirma que isso aconteceu muitas vezes

and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of

expansion and contraction.

Well, wouldn't that be nice?

So what will actually happen to the universe in the end?

At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that

this “dead forever” stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again. Cette histoire de "mort à jamais" est fausse et l'univers recommencera encore et encore. essa coisa de “morto para sempre” está errada e o universo começará de novo e de novo.

We don't know for sure either way, so let's just assume Não sabemos ao certo de qualquer maneira, então vamos apenas supor

the most uplifting theory is true. a teoria mais edificante é verdadeira.

By the way, we have a Twitter account.

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