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Kurzgesagt (In a Nutshell), The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do

The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do

In December 2019 the Chinese authorities

notified the world that a virus was spreading through their communities.

In the following months, it spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days.

This virus is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2

that causes the disease called Covid-19 and that everyone simply calls coronavirus.

What actually happens when it infects a human and what should we all do?

[Intro Music]

A virus is really just a hull around genetic material and a few proteins, arguably not even a living thing.

It can only make more of itself by entering a living cell.

Corona may spread via surfaces,

but it's still uncertain how long it can survive on them.

Its main way of spreading seems to be droplet infection when people cough, or if you touch someone who's ill and then your face,

say rubbing your eyes or nose.

The virus starts its journey here, and then hitches a ride as a stowaway deeper into the body

Its destinations are the intestines, the spleen or the lungs, where it can have the most dramatic effect.

Even just a few corona viruses can cause quite a dramatic situation.

The lungs are lined with billions of epithelial cells.

These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa waiting to be infected.

Corona connects to a specific receptor on its victim's membranes to inject its genetic material.

The cell, ignorant of what's happening, executes the new instructions, which are pretty simple:

copy and reassemble.

It fills up with more and more copies of the original virus until it reaches a critical point and receives one final order,

self-destruct.

The cell sort of melts away, releasing new corona particles ready to attack more cells.

The number of infected cells grows exponentially

After about 10 days, millions of body cells are infected, and billions of viruses swarmed the lungs.

The virus has not caused too much damage yet, but corona is now going to release a real beast on you,

your own immune system.

The immune system, while there to protect you, can actually be pretty dangerous to yourself and needs tight regulation.

And as immune cells pour into the lungs to fight the virus, Corona infects some of them and creates confusion.

Cells have neither ears nor eyes.

They communicate mostly via tiny information proteins called cytokines.

Nearly every important immune reaction is controlled by them.

Corona causes infected immune cells to overreact and yell bloody murder.

In a sense, it puts the immune system into a fighting frenzy and sends way more soldiers than it should, wasting its resources and causing damage.

Two kinds of cells in particular wreak havoc.

First, neutrophils, which are great at killing stuff, including our cells.

As they arrive in their thousands, they start pumping out enzymes that destroy as many friends as enemies.

The other important type of cells that go into a frenzy are killer T-cells, which usually order infected cells to commit controlled suicide.

Confused as they are, they start ordering healthy cells to kill themselves too.

The more and more immune cells arrive, the more damage they do, and the more healthy lung tissue they kill.

This might get so bad that it can cause permanent irreversible damage, that leads to lifelong disabilities.

In most cases, the immune system slowly regains control.

It kills the infected cells, intercepts the viruses trying to infect new ones and cleans up the battlefield.

Recovery begins.

The majority of people infected by Corona will get through it with relatively mild symptoms.

But many cases become severe or even critical.

We don't know the percentage because not all cases have been identified,

but it's safe to say that there is a lot more than with the flu. In more severe cases,

Millions of epithelial cells have died and with them, the lungs' protective lining is gone.

That means that the alveoli - tiny air sacs via which breathing occurs - can be infected by bacteria that aren't usually a big problem.

Patients get pneumonia.

Respiration becomes hard or even fails, and patients need ventilators to survive.

The immune system has fought at full capacity for weeks and made millions of antiviral weapons.

And as thousands of bacteria rapidly multiply, it is overwhelmed.

They enter the blood and overrun the body; if this happens, death is very likely.

The Corona virus is often compared to the flu, but actually, it's much more dangerous.

While the exact death rate is hard to pin down during an ongoing pandemic,

we know for sure that it's much more contagious and spreads faster than the flu.

There are two futures for a pandemic like Corona: fast and slow.

Which future we will see depends on how we all react to it in the early days of the outbreak.

A fast pandemic will be horrible and cost many lives;

a slow pandemic will not be remembered by the history books.

The worst case scenario for a fast pandemic begins with a very rapid rate of infection

because there are no counter measures in place to slow it down.

Why is this so bad?

In a fast pandemic, many people get sick at the same time.

If the numbers get too large, health care systems become unable to handle it.

There aren't enough resources, like medical staff or equipment like ventilators, left to help everybody.

People will die untreated.

And as more health care workers get sick themselves, the capacity of health care systems falls even further.

If this becomes the case, then horrible decisions will have to be made about who gets to live and who doesn't.

The number of deaths rises significantly in such a scenario.

To avoid this, the world - that means all of us - needs to do what it can to turn this into a slow pandemic.

A pandemic is slowed down by the right responses.

Especially in the early phase, so that everyone who gets sick can get treatment and there's no crunch point with overwhelmed hospitals.

Since we don't have a vaccine for Corona, we have to socially engineer our behaviour,

to act like a social vaccine. This simply means two things:

1. Not getting infected; and 2. Not infecting others. Although it sounds trivial, the very best thing you can do is to wash your hands.

The soap is actually a powerful tool.

The corona virus is encased in what is basically a layer of fat;

soap breaks that fat apart and leaves it unable to infect you.

It also makes your hands slippery, and with the mechanical motions of washing, viruses are ripped away.

To do it properly, wash your hands as if you've just cut up some jalapeños and want to put in your contact lenses next.

The next thing is social distancing, which is not a nice experience,

but a nice thing to do. This means: no hugging, no handshakes.

If you can stay at home, stay at home to protect those who need to be out for society to function:

from doctors to cashiers, or police officers;. You depend on all of them; they all depend on you to not get sick.

On a larger level, there are quarantines, which can mean different things, from travel restrictions or actual orders to stay at home.

Quarantines are not great to experience and certainly not popular.

But they buy us - and specially the researchers working on medication and vaccinations - crucial time

So if you are put under quarantine, you should understand why, and respect it.

None of this is fun. But looking at the big picture, it is a really small price to pay.

The question of how pandemics end, depends on how they start;

if they start fast with a steep slope, they end badly.

If they start slow, with a not-so-steep slope, they end okay-ish.

And, in this day and age, it really is in all of our hands.

Literally, and

figuratively.

A huge thanks to the experts who helped us on short notice with this video,

specially Our World In Data,

the online publication for research and data on the world's largest problems

and how to make progress solving them.

Check out their site. It also includes a constantly updated page on the Corona pandemic

[Outro music]

The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do Das Coronavirus erklärt und was Sie tun sollten Explicación del coronavirus y lo que debe hacer Il Coronavirus spiegato e cosa bisogna fare コロナウイルスの説明と対処法について 코로나 바이러스에 대한 설명 및 대처 방법 Wyjaśnienie koronawirusa i co należy zrobić O Coronavírus explicado e o que deve fazer Коронавирус: объяснение и что нужно делать Koronavirüs Açıklandı ve Ne Yapmalısınız? Пояснення щодо коронавірусу та що ви повинні робити 冠状病毒的解释以及您应该做什么 冠狀病毒的解釋以及您應該做什麼

In December 2019 the Chinese authorities 2019 年 12 月,中国当局

notified the world that a virus was spreading through their communities. notificaron al mundo que un virus se propagaba por sus comunidades. notificaram o mundo de que um vírus estava a espalhar-se pelas suas comunidades.

In the following months, it spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days. En los meses siguientes, se extendió a otros países, duplicándose los casos en cuestión de días. Nos meses seguintes, espalhou-se para outros países, com os casos dobrando em poucos dias. В последующие месяцы он распространился на другие страны, причем количество случаев удвоилось в течение нескольких дней.

This virus is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 Este virus es el Coronavirus 2 relacionado con el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave. Este vírus é o Coronavírus 2 Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave

that causes the disease called Covid-19 and that everyone simply calls coronavirus. que causa la enfermedad llamada Covid-19 y que todo el mundo llama simplemente coronavirus.

What actually happens when it infects a human and what should we all do? ¿Qué ocurre realmente cuando infecta a un ser humano y qué debemos hacer todos?

[Intro Music]

A virus is really just a hull around genetic material and a few proteins, arguably not even a living thing. En realidad, un virus no es más que un casco alrededor de material genético y unas cuantas proteínas, podría decirse que ni siquiera es un ser vivo. Um vírus é realmente apenas um invólucro em torno de material genético e algumas proteínas, sem dúvida nem mesmo uma coisa viva.

It can only make more of itself by entering a living cell. Sólo puede hacer más de sí mismo entrando en una célula viva. Он может стать больше, только попав в живую клетку.

Corona may spread via surfaces, Korona kann sich über Oberflächen ausbreiten, La corona puede propagarse a través de las superficies,

but it's still uncertain how long it can survive on them.

Its main way of spreading seems to be droplet infection when people cough, or if you touch someone who's ill and then your face, Su principal vía de contagio parece ser la infección por gotitas cuando la gente tose, o si tocas a alguien enfermo y luego tu cara, Sua principal forma de propagação parece ser a infecção por gotículas quando as pessoas tossem ou se você toca em alguém doente e depois em seu rosto,

say rubbing your eyes or nose. por ejemplo, frotarse los ojos o la nariz. dizer esfregando os olhos ou o nariz.

The virus starts its journey here, and then hitches a ride as a stowaway deeper into the body Das Virus beginnt seine Reise hier und reist dann als blinder Passagier tiefer in den Körper. El virus comienza su viaje aquí y luego se introduce como polizón en el interior del organismo. O vírus começa sua jornada aqui e depois pega carona como clandestino mais fundo no corpo

Its destinations are the intestines, the spleen or the lungs, where it can have the most dramatic effect. Ihre Zielorte sind der Darm, die Milz oder die Lunge, wo sie die stärkste Wirkung entfalten können. Sus destinos son los intestinos, el bazo o los pulmones, donde puede tener el efecto más dramático. Seus destinos são os intestinos, o baço ou os pulmões, onde pode ter o efeito mais dramático.

Even just a few corona viruses can cause quite a dramatic situation. Schon wenige Coronaviren können eine dramatische Situation verursachen.

The lungs are lined with billions of epithelial cells. Die Lunge ist mit Milliarden von Epithelzellen ausgekleidet. Los pulmones están recubiertos por miles de millones de células epiteliales. Os pulmões são revestidos com bilhões de células epiteliais.

These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa waiting to be infected. Dies sind die Grenzzellen Ihres Körpers, die Ihre Organe und Schleimhäute auskleiden und darauf warten, infiziert zu werden. Son las células fronterizas de su cuerpo, que recubren sus órganos y mucosas a la espera de ser infectadas. Estas são as células fronteiriças do seu corpo, revestindo seus órgãos e mucosas esperando para serem infectadas.

Corona connects to a specific receptor on its victim's membranes to inject its genetic material. Corona verbindet sich mit einem bestimmten Rezeptor auf den Membranen seines Opfers und injiziert sein genetisches Material. Corona se conecta a un receptor específico en las membranas de su víctima para inyectar su material genético.

The cell, ignorant of what's happening, executes the new instructions, which are pretty simple: Die Zelle, die nicht weiß, was vor sich geht, führt die neuen Anweisungen aus, die ziemlich einfach sind: De cel, die niet weet wat er gebeurt, voert de nieuwe instructies uit, die vrij eenvoudig zijn:

copy and reassemble. kopieren und wieder zusammensetzen. copie e monte novamente.

It fills up with more and more copies of the original virus until it reaches a critical point and receives one final order, Er füllt sich mit immer mehr Kopien des ursprünglichen Virus, bis er einen kritischen Punkt erreicht und einen letzten Auftrag erhält, Se llena con más y más copias del virus original hasta que llega a un punto crítico y recibe una última orden, Ele se enche com mais e mais cópias do vírus original até atingir um ponto crítico e receber um pedido final,

self-destruct. Selbstzerstörung. autodestrucción. Auto-destruição.

The cell sort of melts away, releasing new corona particles ready to attack more cells. Die Zelle schmilzt gewissermaßen weg und setzt neue Koronapartikel frei, die bereit sind, weitere Zellen anzugreifen. La célula se derrite, liberando nuevas partículas de corona listas para atacar a más células. A célula meio que derrete, liberando novas partículas corona prontas para atacar mais células.

The number of infected cells grows exponentially Die Zahl der infizierten Zellen wächst exponentiell El número de células infectadas crece exponencialmente

After about 10 days, millions of body cells are infected, and billions of viruses swarmed the lungs. Nach etwa 10 Tagen sind Millionen von Körperzellen infiziert, und in der Lunge wimmelt es von Milliarden von Viren. Al cabo de unos 10 días, millones de células del cuerpo están infectadas y miles de millones de virus pululan por los pulmones. Após cerca de 10 dias, milhões de células do corpo estão infectadas e bilhões de vírus invadiram os pulmões.

The virus has not caused too much damage yet, but corona is now going to release a real beast on you, Das Virus hat noch nicht allzu viel Schaden angerichtet, aber Corona wird jetzt ein wahres Biest auf Sie loslassen, El virus aún no ha causado demasiados daños, pero ahora Corona va a soltarte una auténtica bestia, Вирус пока не причинил особого вреда, но теперь Корона собирается выпустить на вас настоящего зверя,

your own immune system. Ihr eigenes Immunsystem. su propio sistema inmunitario.

The immune system, while there to protect you, can actually be pretty dangerous to yourself and needs tight regulation. Das Immunsystem ist zwar dazu da, den Menschen zu schützen, kann aber auch sehr gefährlich für ihn sein und muss streng reguliert werden. El sistema inmunitario, aunque está ahí para protegerle, en realidad puede ser bastante peligroso para usted mismo y necesita una regulación estricta. O sistema imunológico, enquanto está lá para protegê-lo, pode realmente ser muito perigoso para você e precisa de uma regulamentação rígida.

And as immune cells pour into the lungs to fight the virus, Corona infects some of them and creates confusion. Und während Immunzellen in die Lunge strömen, um das Virus zu bekämpfen, infiziert Corona einige von ihnen und stiftet Verwirrung. Y mientras las células inmunitarias acuden a los pulmones para combatir el virus, Corona infecta a algunas de ellas y crea confusión. E à medida que as células imunológicas chegam aos pulmões para combater o vírus, o Corona infecta algumas delas e cria confusão.

Cells have neither ears nor eyes. Zellen haben weder Ohren noch Augen. Las células no tienen ni oídos ni ojos.

They communicate mostly via tiny information proteins called cytokines. Se comunican principalmente a través de pequeñas proteínas de información llamadas citoquinas.

Nearly every important immune reaction is controlled by them. Nahezu jede wichtige Immunreaktion wird von ihnen gesteuert. Casi todas las reacciones inmunitarias importantes están controladas por ellos. Quase todas as reações imunológicas importantes são controladas por eles.

Corona causes infected immune cells to overreact and yell bloody murder. Corona veranlasst infizierte Immunzellen zu einer Überreaktion und zu einem blutigen Aufschrei. Corona hace que las células inmunes infectadas reaccionen de forma exagerada y griten asesinato sangriento. Corona faz com que as células imunes infectadas reajam exageradamente e gritem assassinato sangrento.

In a sense, it puts the immune system into a fighting frenzy and sends way more soldiers than it should, wasting its resources and causing damage. In gewisser Weise versetzt es das Immunsystem in einen Kampfrausch und schickt viel mehr Soldaten aus, als es sollte, was seine Ressourcen verschwendet und Schäden verursacht. En cierto sentido, pone al sistema inmunitario en un frenesí de lucha y envía muchos más soldados de los que debería, malgastando sus recursos y causando daños. Em certo sentido, coloca o sistema imunológico em um frenesi de luta e envia muito mais soldados do que deveria, desperdiçando seus recursos e causando danos.

Two kinds of cells in particular wreak havoc. Dos tipos de células en particular causan estragos. Dois tipos de células em particular causam estragos.

First, neutrophils, which are great at killing stuff, including our cells. Erstens die neutrophilen Granulozyten, die sehr gut darin sind, Dinge zu töten, einschließlich unserer Zellen. Primero, los neutrófilos, que son geniales matando cosas, incluyendo nuestras células.

As they arrive in their thousands, they start pumping out enzymes that destroy as many friends as enemies. Wenn sie zu Tausenden eintreffen, beginnen sie, Enzyme auszustoßen, die ebenso viele Freunde wie Feinde vernichten. Cuando llegan por miles, empiezan a bombear enzimas que destruyen tantos amigos como enemigos. À medida que chegam aos milhares, começam a bombear enzimas que destroem tantos amigos quanto inimigos.

The other important type of cells that go into a frenzy are killer T-cells, which usually order infected cells to commit controlled suicide. El otro tipo importante de células que entran en frenesí son las células T asesinas, que suelen ordenar a las células infectadas que cometan un suicidio controlado. O outro tipo importante de células que entram em frenesi são as células T assassinas, que geralmente ordenam que as células infectadas cometa suicídio controlado.

Confused as they are, they start ordering healthy cells to kill themselves too. Confundidas como están, empiezan a ordenar a las células sanas que se suiciden también.

The more and more immune cells arrive, the more damage they do, and the more healthy lung tissue they kill. Je mehr und je mehr Immunzellen eintreffen, desto mehr Schaden richten sie an und desto mehr gesundes Lungengewebe töten sie. Cuantas más células inmunitarias llegan, más daño hacen y más tejido pulmonar sano matan. Quanto mais células imunológicas chegam, mais danos elas causam e mais tecido pulmonar saudável elas matam.

This might get so bad that it can cause permanent irreversible damage, that leads to lifelong disabilities. Puede llegar a ser tan grave que provoque daños permanentes irreversibles que provoquen discapacidades de por vida. Isso pode ficar tão ruim que pode causar danos irreversíveis permanentes, que levam a deficiências ao longo da vida.

In most cases, the immune system slowly regains control. En la mayoría de los casos, el sistema inmunitario recupera lentamente el control.

It kills the infected cells, intercepts the viruses trying to infect new ones and cleans up the battlefield. Mata las células infectadas, intercepta los virus que intentan infectar otras nuevas y limpia el campo de batalla. Ele mata as células infectadas, intercepta os vírus que tentam infectar novas e limpa o campo de batalha.

Recovery begins. Die Erholung beginnt. Comienza la recuperación. A recuperação começa.

The majority of people infected by Corona will get through it with relatively mild symptoms. Die meisten Menschen, die sich mit Corona infizieren, überstehen die Krankheit mit relativ milden Symptomen. La mayoría de las personas infectadas por Corona lo superarán con síntomas relativamente leves. A maioria das pessoas infectadas pelo Corona passará por isso com sintomas relativamente leves.

But many cases become severe or even critical.

We don't know the percentage because not all cases have been identified,

but it's safe to say that there is a lot more than with the flu. In more severe cases, aber man kann mit Sicherheit sagen, dass es viel mehr sind als bei der Grippe. In schwereren Fällen,

Millions of epithelial cells have died and with them, the lungs' protective lining is gone. Milhões de células epiteliais morreram e, com elas, o revestimento protetor dos pulmões se foi.

That means that the alveoli - tiny air sacs via which breathing occurs - can be infected by bacteria that aren't usually a big problem. Das bedeutet, dass die Alveolen - winzige Luftsäcke, über die die Atmung erfolgt - mit Bakterien infiziert werden können, die normalerweise kein großes Problem darstellen. Isso significa que os alvéolos - minúsculos sacos de ar através dos quais ocorre a respiração - podem ser infectados por bactérias que geralmente não são um grande problema.

Patients get pneumonia. Die Patienten bekommen eine Lungenentzündung.

Respiration becomes hard or even fails, and patients need ventilators to survive. Die Atmung wird erschwert oder fällt sogar aus, und die Patienten müssen beatmet werden, um zu überleben. La respiración se dificulta o incluso falla, y los pacientes necesitan respiradores para sobrevivir. A respiração torna-se difícil ou até falha, e os pacientes precisam de ventiladores para sobreviver. Дыхание затрудняется или даже прекращается, и пациенты нуждаются в аппаратах искусственной вентиляции легких, чтобы выжить.

The immune system has fought at full capacity for weeks and made millions of antiviral weapons. Das Immunsystem hat wochenlang mit voller Kraft gekämpft und Millionen von antiviralen Waffen produziert.

And as thousands of bacteria rapidly multiply, it is overwhelmed. Und da sich Tausende von Bakterien schnell vermehren, ist sie überfordert. E à medida que milhares de bactérias se multiplicam rapidamente, ela fica sobrecarregada.

They enter the blood and overrun the body; if this happens, death is very likely. Sie dringen in das Blut ein und überschwemmen den Körper; wenn dies geschieht, ist der Tod sehr wahrscheinlich. Eles entram no sangue e invadem o corpo; se isso acontecer, a morte é muito provável.

The Corona virus is often compared to the flu, but actually, it's much more dangerous. Das Corona-Virus wird oft mit einer Grippe verglichen, ist aber viel gefährlicher.

While the exact death rate is hard to pin down during an ongoing pandemic, Während einer laufenden Pandemie ist die genaue Todesrate schwer zu ermitteln, Aunque la tasa exacta de mortalidad es difícil de precisar durante una pandemia en curso, Embora a taxa exata de mortalidade seja difícil de definir durante uma pandemia em andamento, Хотя во время продолжающейся пандемии точное количество смертей установить трудно,

we know for sure that it's much more contagious and spreads faster than the flu. Wir wissen mit Sicherheit, dass sie viel ansteckender ist und sich schneller verbreitet als die Grippe. sabemos con certeza que es mucho más contagiosa y se propaga más rápidamente que la gripe. nous savons avec certitude qu'elle est beaucoup plus contagieuse et se propage plus rapidement que la grippe.

There are two futures for a pandemic like Corona: fast and slow. Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten für eine Pandemie wie Corona: schnell und langsam. Il y a deux avenirs pour une pandémie comme Corona : rapide et lent.

Which future we will see depends on how we all react to it in the early days of the outbreak. Welche Zukunft wir sehen werden, hängt davon ab, wie wir alle in den ersten Tagen des Ausbruchs darauf reagieren. O futuro que veremos depende de como todos reagimos a ele nos primeiros dias do surto.

A fast pandemic will be horrible and cost many lives; Eine schnelle Pandemie wird furchtbar sein und viele Menschenleben kosten; Une pandémie rapide sera horrible et coûtera de nombreuses vies ;

a slow pandemic will not be remembered by the history books. eine langsame Pandemie wird nicht in die Geschichtsbücher eingehen. una pandemia lenta no será recordada por los libros de historia. une pandémie lente ne restera pas dans les mémoires des livres d'histoire.

The worst case scenario for a fast pandemic begins with a very rapid rate of infection Das Worst-Case-Szenario für eine schnelle Pandemie beginnt mit einer sehr schnellen Infektionsrate El peor escenario para una pandemia rápida comienza con una tasa de infección muy rápida Le pire des scénarios pour une pandémie rapide commence par un taux d'infection très rapide O pior cenário para uma pandemia rápida começa com uma taxa muito rápida de infecção

because there are no counter measures in place to slow it down. weil es keine Gegenmaßnahmen gibt, um sie zu verlangsamen. porque no hay contramedidas para frenarlo. car il n'y a pas de contre-mesures en place pour le ralentir. porque não há contramedidas em vigor para retardá-lo. потому что не существует никаких противодействующих мер, чтобы замедлить его.

Why is this so bad? ¿Por qué es tan malo? Pourquoi est-ce si grave?

In a fast pandemic, many people get sick at the same time. Dans une pandémie rapide, de nombreuses personnes tombent malades en même temps.

If the numbers get too large, health care systems become unable to handle it. Si les chiffres deviennent trop importants, les systèmes de santé deviennent incapables de les gérer.

There aren't enough resources, like medical staff or equipment like ventilators, left to help everybody. Il ne reste plus assez de ressources, comme du personnel médical ou des équipements comme des ventilateurs, pour aider tout le monde. Não há recursos suficientes, como equipe médica ou equipamentos como ventiladores, para ajudar a todos.

People will die untreated. Menschen werden unbehandelt sterben. Les gens mourront sans traitement. As pessoas vão morrer sem tratamento.

And as more health care workers get sick themselves, the capacity of health care systems falls even further. Und da immer mehr Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen selbst krank werden, sinkt die Kapazität der Gesundheitssysteme noch weiter. Et comme de plus en plus de travailleurs de la santé tombent eux-mêmes malades, la capacité des systèmes de santé diminue encore plus. E à medida que mais profissionais de saúde adoecem, a capacidade dos sistemas de saúde diminui ainda mais.

If this becomes the case, then horrible decisions will have to be made about who gets to live and who doesn't. Wenn dies der Fall ist, müssen schreckliche Entscheidungen darüber getroffen werden, wer leben darf und wer nicht. Si cela devient le cas, alors d'horribles décisions devront être prises pour savoir qui peut vivre et qui ne le fait pas.

The number of deaths rises significantly in such a scenario. Die Zahl der Todesfälle steigt in einem solchen Szenario deutlich an. Le nombre de décès augmente considérablement dans un tel scénario.

To avoid this, the world - that means all of us - needs to do what it can to turn this into a slow pandemic. Um dies zu verhindern, muss die Welt - das heißt wir alle - alles tun, um eine langsame Pandemie zu verhindern. Pour éviter cela, le monde - c'est-à-dire nous tous - doit faire ce qu'il peut pour transformer cela en une lente pandémie. Para evitar isso, o mundo - isso significa todos nós - precisa fazer o que puder para transformar isso em uma pandemia lenta.

A pandemic is slowed down by the right responses. Una pandemia se frena con las respuestas adecuadas. Une pandémie est ralentie par les bonnes réponses. Uma pandemia é retardada pelas respostas certas.

Especially in the early phase, so that everyone who gets sick can get treatment and there's no crunch point with overwhelmed hospitals. Vor allem in der Anfangsphase, damit jeder, der krank wird, behandelt werden kann und es keinen Knackpunkt mit überlasteten Krankenhäusern gibt. Surtout au début, afin que tous ceux qui tombent malades puissent se faire soigner et qu'il n'y ait pas de point critique avec des hôpitaux débordés. Especialmente na fase inicial, para que todos que adoecem possam receber tratamento e não haja um ponto crítico com hospitais sobrecarregados.

Since we don't have a vaccine for Corona, we have to socially engineer our behaviour, Da wir keinen Impfstoff für Corona haben, müssen wir unser Verhalten sozial gestalten, Como no tenemos una vacuna para Corona, tenemos que diseñar socialmente nuestro comportamiento, Comme nous n'avons pas de vaccin contre le Corona, nous devons modifier notre comportement socialement, Como não temos uma vacina para o Corona, temos que projetar socialmente nosso comportamento,

to act like a social vaccine. This simply means two things: sich wie ein Sozialimpfstoff zu verhalten. Das bedeutet einfach zwei Dinge: agir comme un vaccin social. Cela signifie simplement deux choses :

1\. Not getting infected; and 2. Not infecting others. 1\. Sich nicht anstecken; und 2. Andere nicht anstecken. 1\\. Ne pas être infecté; et 2. Ne pas infecter les autres. Although it sounds trivial, the very best thing you can do is to wash your hands. Bien que cela semble banal, la meilleure chose que vous puissiez faire est de vous laver les mains.

The soap is actually a powerful tool. Le savon est en fait un outil puissant.

The corona virus is encased in what is basically a layer of fat; Das Coronavirus ist in einer Art Fettschicht eingeschlossen; Le virus corona est enfermé dans ce qui est essentiellement une couche de graisse ; O vírus corona está envolto no que é basicamente uma camada de gordura;

soap breaks that fat apart and leaves it unable to infect you. Die Seife bricht das Fett auf und macht es unfähig, Sie zu infizieren. le savon brise cette graisse et la laisse incapable de vous infecter. o sabão quebra essa gordura e a deixa incapaz de infectar você.

It also makes your hands slippery, and with the mechanical motions of washing, viruses are ripped away. Außerdem macht es die Hände glitschig, und durch die mechanischen Bewegungen beim Waschen werden die Viren mitgerissen. Cela rend également vos mains glissantes, et avec les mouvements mécaniques du lavage, les virus sont arrachés. Também torna as mãos escorregadias e, com os movimentos mecânicos de lavagem, os vírus são eliminados.

To do it properly, wash your hands as if you've just cut up some jalapeños and want to put in your contact lenses next. Waschen Sie Ihre Hände so, als ob Sie gerade Jalapeños aufgeschnitten hätten und nun Ihre Kontaktlinsen einsetzen wollten. Pour le faire correctement, lavez-vous les mains comme si vous veniez de couper des jalapeños et que vous vouliez ensuite mettre vos lentilles de contact. Para fazer isso corretamente, lave as mãos como se você tivesse acabado de cortar alguns jalapeños e quisesse colocar suas lentes de contato em seguida.

The next thing is social distancing, which is not a nice experience, Der nächste Punkt ist die soziale Distanzierung, die keine schöne Erfahrung ist,

but a nice thing to do. This means: no hugging, no handshakes. aber eine nette Sache zu tun. Das bedeutet: kein Umarmen, kein Händeschütteln. mais une bonne chose à faire. Cela signifie : pas de câlins, pas de poignées de main.

If you can stay at home, stay at home to protect those who need to be out for society to function: Wenn Sie zu Hause bleiben können, bleiben Sie zu Hause, um diejenigen zu schützen, die draußen sein müssen, damit die Gesellschaft funktioniert: Si vous pouvez rester chez vous, restez chez vous pour protéger ceux qui doivent sortir pour que la société fonctionne : Se puder ficar em casa, fique em casa para proteger quem precisa estar fora para que a sociedade funcione:

from doctors to cashiers, or police officers;. You depend on all of them; they all depend on you to not get sick. vom Arzt über die Kassiererin bis hin zum Polizisten. Sie sind auf alle angewiesen; sie alle sind darauf angewiesen, dass Sie nicht krank werden. des médecins aux caissiers, ou agents de police ;. Vous dépendez de tous ; ils dépendent tous de vous pour ne pas tomber malade. de médicos a caixas, ou policiais;. Você depende de todos eles; todos eles dependem de você para não adoecer.

On a larger level, there are quarantines, which can mean different things, from travel restrictions or actual orders to stay at home. À un niveau plus large, il existe des quarantaines, qui peuvent signifier différentes choses, des restrictions de voyage aux ordres réels de rester à la maison. Em um nível maior, existem quarentenas, que podem significar coisas diferentes, desde restrições de viagem ou ordens reais para ficar em casa.

Quarantines are not great to experience and certainly not popular. Les quarantaines ne sont pas agréables à vivre et certainement pas populaires.

But they buy us - and specially the researchers working on medication and vaccinations - crucial time Aber sie verschaffen uns - und insbesondere den Forschern, die an Medikamenten und Impfungen arbeiten - entscheidende Zeit Mais ils nous achètent - et en particulier les chercheurs travaillant sur les médicaments et les vaccinations - un temps crucial Mas eles nos compram - e especialmente os pesquisadores que trabalham com medicamentos e vacinas - tempo crucial

So if you are put under quarantine, you should understand why, and respect it. Wenn Sie also unter Quarantäne gestellt werden, sollten Sie den Grund dafür verstehen und ihn respektieren. Donc, si vous êtes mis en quarantaine, vous devez comprendre pourquoi et le respecter.

None of this is fun. But looking at the big picture, it is a really small price to pay. Das alles ist kein Spaß. Aber im Großen und Ganzen ist es ein wirklich kleiner Preis, der zu zahlen ist. Rien de tout cela n'est amusant. Mais en regardant la situation dans son ensemble, c'est un très petit prix à payer.

The question of how pandemics end, depends on how they start; La question de savoir comment les pandémies se terminent dépend de la façon dont elles commencent ;

if they start fast with a steep slope, they end badly. wenn sie schnell mit einem steilen Abhang beginnen, enden sie schlecht. s'ils commencent vite avec une pente raide, ils finissent mal. se eles começam rápido com uma inclinação íngreme, eles terminam mal.

If they start slow, with a not-so-steep slope, they end okay-ish. Wenn sie langsam beginnen, mit einem nicht allzu steilen Anstieg, enden sie ganz gut. S'ils commencent lentement, avec une pente pas si raide, ils se terminent bien.

And, in this day and age, it really is in all of our hands. Et, de nos jours, c'est vraiment entre nos mains. E, neste dia e idade, realmente está em todas as nossas mãos.

Literally, and

figuratively.

A huge thanks to the experts who helped us on short notice with this video, Ein großes Dankeschön an die Experten, die uns kurzfristig bei diesem Video geholfen haben, Un grand merci aux experts qui nous ont aidés à court terme avec cette vidéo, Muito obrigado aos especialistas que nos ajudaram em curto prazo com este vídeo,

specially Our World In Data, speziell unsere Welt in Daten, especialmente Nosso mundo em dados,

the online publication for research and data on the world's largest problems die Online-Publikation für Forschung und Daten zu den größten Problemen der Welt a publicação online para pesquisas e dados sobre os maiores problemas do mundo

and how to make progress solving them. et comment progresser en les résolvant. e como progredir resolvendo-os.

Check out their site. It also includes a constantly updated page on the Corona pandemic Consultez leur site. Il comprend également une page constamment mise à jour sur la pandémie de Corona

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