Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice Roger Ebert: Meine Stimme neu erfinden Roger Ebert: Ebert: Επαναπροσδιορίζοντας τη φωνή μου ロジャー・エバート自分の声を作り直す Roger Ebert: A minha voz está a mudar Роджер Эберт: Переделка моего голоса Roger Ebert: Sesimi yeniden yaratmak 罗杰-伊伯特重塑我的声音

These are my words, but this is not my voice. これらは私の言葉ですが、これは私の声ではありません。

This is Alex, the best computer voice I’ve been able to find, which comes as standard equipment on every Macintosh. For most of my life, I never gave a second thought to my ability to speak. Durante a maior parte da minha vida, nunca pensei duas vezes na minha capacidade de falar. It was like breathing. In those days, I was living in a fool’s paradise. Naqueles dias, eu estava vivendo no paraíso dos tolos. After surgeries for cancer took away my ability to speak, eat or drink, I was forced to enter this virtual world in which a computer does some of my living for me. For several days now, we have enjoyed brilliant and articulate speakers here at TED. ここ数日、私たちはここTEDで華麗で明瞭なスピーカーを楽しんできました。

I used to be able to talk like that. 私はそのように話すことができました。 Maybe I wasn’t as smart, but I was at least as talkative. たぶん私はそれほど賢くなかったかもしれませんが、少なくともおしゃべりでした。 I want to devote my talk today to the act of speaking itself, and how the act of speaking or not speaking is tied so indelibly to one’s identity as to force the birth of a new person when it is taken away. 今日の話は、話すこと自体と、話すことまたは話さないこととがアイデンティティーとどのように結びついて、新しい人が連れ去られたときに強制的に生まれるのかについて説明したいと思います。 Quero dedicar minha palestra hoje ao ato de falar em si, e como o ato de falar ou não falar está tão indelével à identidade de uma pessoa que força o nascimento de uma nova pessoa quando ela é retirada. However, I’ve found that listening to a computer voice for any great length of time can be monotonous. ただし、コンピュータの音声を長時間聞くと、単調になる可能性があることがわかりました。 No entanto, descobri que ouvir uma voz de computador por um longo período de tempo pode ser monótono. So I’ve decided to recruit some of my TED friends to read my words aloud for me. そこで、TEDの友達を何人か募集して、自分の言葉を声に出して読んでもらうことにしました。 I will start with my wife, Chaz. Chaz Ebert: "It was Chaz who stood by my side through three attempts to reconstruct my jaw and restore my ability to speak. チャズ・エバート：「あごを再建し、話す能力を回復させるための3つの試みを通して私の側に立ったのはチャズでした。 Chaz Ebert: "Foi Chaz quem ficou ao meu lado em três tentativas de reconstruir minha mandíbula e restaurar minha capacidade de falar.

Going into the first surgery for a recurrence of salivary cancer in 2006, I expected to be out of the hospital in time to return to my movie review show, 'Ebert and Roper at the Movies.' 2006年に唾液癌の再発のための最初の手術に入ると、私は映画レビューショー「Ebert and Roper at the Movies」に戻るのに間に合うように病院を出ると予想していました。 I had pre-taped enough shows to get me through six weeks of surgery and recuperation. 6週間の手術と療養を行うのに十分な番組をプリテープで録画しました。 Eu já havia gravado programas suficientes para passar por seis semanas de cirurgia e recuperação. The doctors took a fibula bone from my leg and some tissue from my shoulder to fashion into a new jaw. 医者は私の足から腓骨を、肩からいくつかの組織を取り、新しい顎を作りました。 My tongue, larynx and vocal cords were still healthy and unaffected. 私の舌、喉頭、声帯はまだ健康で影響を受けていませんでした。 (Laughter)

(Laughter)

"I was optimistic, and all was right with the world. 「私は楽観的で、すべてが世界に正しかった。 "Fiquei otimista e tudo estava bem com o mundo.

The first surgery was a great success. I saw myself in the mirror and I looked pretty good. Two weeks later, I was ready to return home. I was using my iPod to play the Leonard Cohen song 'I’m Your Man' for my doctors and nurses. 私は自分のiPodを使って、レナードコーエンの曲「I'm Your Man」を医師や看護師向けに再生していました。 Suddenly, I had an episode of catastrophic bleeding. 突然、私は破滅的な出血のエピソードを経験しました。 De repente, tive um episódio de sangramento catastrófico. My carotid artery had ruptured. 頸動脈が破れた。 Minha artéria carótida havia rompido. Thank God I was still in my hospital room and my doctors were right there. Chaz told me that if that song hadn’t played for so long, I might have already been in the car, on the way home, and would have died right there and then. チャズは、その歌が長い間演奏されていなかったら、私は家に帰る途中ですでに車に乗っていたかもしれず、その場で死んでいただろうと私に言った。 So thank you, Leonard Cohen, for saving my life. (Applause)

"There was a second surgery -- which held up for five or six days and then it also fell apart. 「2回目の手術があり、5日から6日間続いたが、その後もバラバラになった。 "Houve uma segunda cirurgia - que durou cinco ou seis dias e depois também se desfez.

And then a third attempt, which also patched me back together pretty well, until it failed. それから、3回目の試みも失敗するまで、かなりうまくパッチを当ててくれました。 E então uma terceira tentativa, que também me remendou muito bem, até que falhou. A doctor from Brazil said he had never seen anyone survive a carotid artery rupture. ブラジルの医師は、頸動脈破裂で生き残った人を見たことがなかったと語った。 And before I left the hospital, after a year of being hospitalized, I had seven ruptures of my carotid artery. そして私が退院する前に、入院して1年後、頸動脈の7つの破裂がありました。 E antes de deixar o hospital, após um ano de internação, tive sete rupturas na artéria carótida. There was no particular day when anyone told me I would never speak again; it just sort of became obvious. 私が二度と話さないと私に言った特定の日はありませんでした。それはちょっと明白になっただけです。 Não houve um dia em particular em que alguém me disse que nunca mais falaria; isso meio que se tornou óbvio.

Human speech is an ingenious manipulation of our breath within the sound chamber of our mouth and respiratory system. 人間の発話は、口と呼吸器系の音腔内での私たちの呼吸の巧妙な操作です。 A fala humana é uma manipulação engenhosa da nossa respiração dentro da câmara de som da boca e do sistema respiratório. We need to be able to hold and manipulate that breath in order to form sounds. 音を形成するには、その息を止めて操作できる必要があります。 Precisamos ser capazes de reter e manipular essa respiração para formar sons. Therefore, the system must be essentially airtight in order to capture air. したがって、システムは、空気を取り込むために本質的に気密でなければなりません。 Portanto, o sistema deve ser essencialmente hermético para capturar o ar. Because I had lost my jaw, I could no longer form a seal, and therefore my tongue and all of my other vocal equipment was rendered powerless. あごをなくしてしまったので、アザラシを作ることができなくなり、舌と他のすべてのボーカル機器が無力になりました。 Por ter perdido a mandíbula, não pude mais formar um selo e, portanto, minha língua e todo o meu outro equipamento vocal ficaram impotentes. Dean Ornish: "At first for a long time, I wrote messages in notebooks. ディーン・オーニッシュ：「最初は長い間、ノートにメッセージを書きました。

Then I tried typing words on my laptop and using its built in voice. 次に、ラップトップで単語を入力し、内蔵の音声を使用してみました。 This was faster, and nobody had to try to read my handwriting. これはより速く、誰も私の手書きを読もうとする必要はありませんでした。 I tried out various computer voices that were available online, and for several months I had a British accent, which Chaz called Sir Lawrence." オンラインで利用できるさまざまなコンピュータ音声を試してみましたが、数か月間、イギリスのアクセントがあり、それをチャズはサーローレンスと呼んでいました。」 (Laughter) "It was the clearest I could find. （笑い）「私が見つけたのは最もはっきりしていた。 Then Apple released the Alex voice, which was the best I’d heard. その後、AppleはAlexの声をリリースしました。 It knew things like the difference between an exclamation point and a question mark. 感嘆符と疑問符の違いのようなことを知っていました。 Ele sabia coisas como a diferença entre um ponto de exclamação e um ponto de interrogação. When it saw a period, it knew how to make a sentence sound like it was ending instead of staying up in the air. それはピリオドを見たとき、空中にとどまるのではなく、それが終わりであるかのように文を鳴らす方法を知っていました。 Quando viu um período, soube fazer uma frase soar como se estivesse terminando em vez de ficar no ar. There are all sorts of html codes you can use to control the time and inflection of computer voices, and I’ve experimented with them. コンピューターの音声の時間と屈折を制御するために使用できるすべての種類のhtmlコードがあり、私はそれらを試してみました。 Existem todos os tipos de códigos html que você pode usar para controlar o tempo e a inflexão das vozes do computador, e eu experimentei com eles. For me, they share a fundamental problem: they’re too slow. 私にとって、彼らは根本的な問題を共有しています：彼らは遅すぎるのです。 When I find myself in a conversational situation, I need to type fast and to jump right in. 会話の状況にいるときは、すばやく入力してすぐにジャンプする必要があります。 Quando me encontro em uma situação de conversação, preciso digitar rápido e pular direto. People don’t have the time or the patience to wait for me to fool around with the codes for every word or phrase. 人々は、私がすべての単語や語句のコードをいじるのを待つ時間も忍耐力もありません。 As pessoas não têm tempo ou paciência para esperar que eu mexa nos códigos de cada palavra ou frase. But what value do we place on the sound of our own voice? しかし、私たちは自分の声の音にどのような価値を置いていますか？

How does that affect who you are as a person? それはあなたが人として誰に影響を与えますか？ When people hear Alex speaking my words, do they experience a disconnect? アレックスが私の言葉を話すのを聞いたとき、彼らは切断を経験しますか？ Does that create a separation or a distance from one person to the next? それは人から人への分離または距離を作りますか？ How did I feel not being able to speak? 話せなくなったのはなぜですか？ Como eu me senti incapaz de falar? I felt, and I still feel, a lot of distance from the human mainstream. 私は、人間の主流からかなり離れていると感じました。 Eu senti, e ainda sinto, muita distância do mainstream humano. I’ve become uncomfortable when I’m separated from my laptop. ラップトップから離れると、不快になりました。 Even then, I’m aware that most people have little patience for my speaking difficulties. それでも、ほとんどの人は私の話す困難に対してほとんど忍耐力がないことを知っています。 So Chaz suggested finding a company that could make a customized voice using my TV show voice from a period of 30 years. したがって、チャズは、30年の期間の私のテレビ番組の音声を使用してカスタマイズされた音声を作成できる会社を見つけることを提案しました。 Então, Chaz sugeriu encontrar uma empresa que pudesse fazer uma voz personalizada usando a voz do meu programa de TV a partir de um período de 30 anos.

At first I was against it. 最初はそれに反対しました。 I thought it would be creepy to hear my own voice coming from a computer. コンピュータから自分の声が聞こえるのは気味悪いと思いました。 Eu pensei que seria assustador ouvir minha própria voz vindo de um computador. There was something comforting about a voice that was not my own. 自分のものではない声に心地よいものがありました。 But I decided then to just give it a try. Mas eu decidi então tentar. So we contacted a company in Scotland that created personalized computer voices. そこで私たちは、パーソナル化されたコンピューター音声を作成するスコットランドの会社に連絡しました。 They’d never made one from previously-recorded materials. 彼らは以前に録音された素材からそれを作ったことはありません。 Eles nunca fizeram um com materiais gravados anteriormente. All of their voices had been made by a speaker recording original words in a control booth. 彼らの声はすべて、コントロールブースで元の言葉を録音するスピーカーによって作られていました。 Todas as suas vozes foram feitas por um alto-falante gravando palavras originais em uma cabine de controle. But they were willing to give it a try. しかし、彼らはそれを試してみる用意がありました。 Mas eles estavam dispostos a tentar. So I sent them many hours of recordings of my voice, including several audio commentary tracks that I’d made for movies on DVDs. それで、私はDVDの映画用に作成したいくつかのオーディオ解説トラックを含め、私の声を何時間も録音して送りました。

And it sounded like me, it really did. そして、それは私のように聞こえました、本当にそうでした。 There was a reason for that; it was me. But it wasn’t that simple. The tapes from my TV show weren’t very useful because there were too many other kinds of audio involved -- movie soundtracks, for example, or Gene Siskel arguing with me." 他のオーディオの種類が多すぎたため、私のテレビ番組のテープはあまり役に立ちませんでした。たとえば、映画のサウンドトラックや、Gene Siskelが私と議論しています。」 (Laughter) "And my words often had a particular emphasis that didn’t fit into a sentence well enough. （笑い）「そして私の言葉はしばしば文に十分に適合しない特別な強調をしました。 (Risos) "E minhas palavras geralmente tinham uma ênfase particular que não se encaixava em uma frase o suficiente. I’ll let you hear a sample of that voice. その声のサンプルを聞いてみましょう。

These are a few of the comments I recorded for use when Chaz and I appeared on the Oprah Winfrey program. これらは、Chazと私がOprah Winfreyプログラムに出演したときに使用するために記録したコメントの一部です。 And here’s the voice we call Roger Jr. そして、これが私たちがロジャージュニアと呼ぶ声です。 or Roger 2.0. またはロジャー2.0。 Roger 2.0: Oprah, I can’t tell you how great it is to be back on your show. ロジャー2.0：オプラ、私はあなたのショーに戻ることがどれほど素晴らしいかをあなたに言うことはできません。

We have been talking for a long time, and now here we are again. 私たちは長い間話していましたが、今ここに戻ってきました。 This is the first version of my computer voice. これは私のコンピューター音声の最初のバージョンです。 It still needs improvement, but at least it sounds like me and not like HAL 9000. まだ改善が必要ですが、少なくとも私には聞こえ、HAL 9000には聞こえません。 When I heard it the first time, it sent chills down my spine. 初めて聞いたとき、背筋が冷えてきました。 Quando ouvi pela primeira vez, senti calafrios na espinha. When I type anything, this voice will speak whatever I type. 私が何かをタイプすると、この声は私がタイプしたものすべてを話します。 When I read something, it will read in my voice. 私が何かを読むとき、それは私の声で読みます。 I have typed these words in advance, as I didn’t think it would be thrilling to sit here watching me typing. ここに座ってタイプしているのがわくわくするようなことはないと思っていたので、これらの単語は事前に入力しました。 Eu digitei essas palavras com antecedência, porque não achei que seria emocionante ficar aqui me observando digitando. The voice was created by a company in Scotland named CereProc. この声は、スコットランドのCereProcという会社によって作成されました。

It makes me feel good that many of the words you are hearing were first spoken while I was commenting on 'Casablanca' and 'Citizen Kane.' 「カサブランカ」や「シチズンケイン」についてコメントしているときに、初めて聞いた言葉の多くが最初に話されたのはとても嬉しいです。 This is the first voice they’ve created for an individual. これは、彼らが個人のために作成した最初の声です。 There are several very good voices available for computers, but they all sound like somebody else, while this voice sounds like me. コンピューターで使用できる非常に優れた音声がいくつかありますが、それらはすべて他の誰かのように聞こえますが、この音声は私のように聞こえます。 I plan to use it on television, radio and the internet. テレビ、ラジオ、インターネットで利用する予定です。 Eu pretendo usá-lo na televisão, rádio e internet. People who need a voice should know that most computers already come with built-in speaking systems. 音声を必要とする人は、ほとんどのコンピュータにすでに音声認識システムが組み込まれていることを知っておく必要があります。 Many blind people use them when they read pages on the Web to themselves. 多くの視覚障害者は、Web上のページを自分で読むときにそれらを使用します。 Muitas pessoas cegas as usam quando lêem páginas na Web para si mesmas. But I’ve got to say, in first grade, they said I talked too much, and now I still can. しかし、私は一年生で、私は話し過ぎであると彼らは言った、そして今でも私はまだできる。 Mas tenho que dizer, na primeira série, eles disseram que eu conversava demais e agora ainda posso. (Laughter)

Roger Ebert: As you can hear, it sounds like me, but the words jump up and down. ロジャー・エバート：聞いたとおり、私のように聞こえますが、言葉は上下にジャンプします。 Roger Ebert: Como você pode ouvir, parece comigo, mas as palavras saltam para cima e para baixo.

The flow isn’t natural. 流れは自然ではありません。 O fluxo não é natural. The good people in Scotland are still improving my voice, and I’m optimistic about it. スコットランドの善良な人々はまだ私の声を改善しており、私はそれについて楽観的です。 But so far, the Apple Alex voice is the best one I’ve heard. しかし、これまでのところ、Apple Alexの声は私が聞いた中で最高のものです。 I wrote a blog about it and actually got a comment from the actor who played Alex. 私はそれについてブログを書いて、実際にアレックスを演じた俳優からコメントを得ました。 He said he recorded many long hours in various intonations to be used in the voice. A very large sample is needed. John Hunter: "All my life I was a motormouth. ジョンハンター：「私はモーターマウスでした。 John Hunter: "Toda a minha vida eu fui um motormouth.

Now I have spoken my last words, and I don’t even remember for sure what they were. 今、私は最後の言葉を話しました、そして、彼らが何であったか確かに覚えていません。 I feel like the hero of that Harlan Ellison story titled 'I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream.' ハーランエリソンの「主人公は口がなくて叫ぶ必要がある」という話の主人公のように感じます。 Sinto-me o herói da história de Harlan Ellison intitulada 'Não tenho boca e preciso gritar'. On Wednesday, David Christian explained to us what a tiny instant the human race represents in the time-span of the universe. 水曜日に、デイビッド・クリスチャンは、人類が宇宙のタイムスパンで表す小さな瞬間を私たちに説明しました。 Na quarta-feira, David Christian nos explicou o instante minúsculo que a raça humana representa no período de tempo do universo. For almost all of its millions and billions of years, there was no life on Earth at all. 何百万、何十億年もの間、地球上に生命はありませんでした。 For almost all the years of life on Earth, there was no intelligent life. 地球上の生命のほとんどすべての年の間、インテリジェントな生命はありませんでした。 Only after we learned to pass knowledge from one generation to the next, did civilization become possible. ある世代から次の世代に知識を伝えることを学んで初めて、文明は可能になりました。 Somente depois que aprendemos a passar o conhecimento de uma geração para a seguinte, a civilização se tornou possível. In cosmological terms, that was about 10 minutes ago. 宇宙論的には、約10分前のことです。 Finally came mankind’s most advanced and mysterious tool, the computer. 最後に、人類の最も高度で神秘的なツールであるコンピュータが登場しました。 Finalmente chegou a ferramenta mais avançada e misteriosa da humanidade, o computador. That has mostly happened in my lifetime. それはほとんど私の生涯で起こった。 Some of the famous early computers were being built in my hometown of Urbana, the birthplace of HAL 9000. 有名な初期のコンピューターのいくつかは、私の出身地であるHAL 9000の発祥の地であるアーバナで構築されていました。

When I heard the amazing Talk by Salman Khan on Wednesday, about the Khan Academy website that teaches hundreds of subjects to students all over the world, I had a flashback. 水曜日にサルマン・カーンによる素晴らしいトークを聞いたとき、世界中の学生に何百もの科目を教えるカーン・アカデミーのウェブサイトについて、私はフラッシュバックを持っていました。 Quando ouvi o incrível Talk de Salman Khan na quarta-feira, sobre o site da Khan Academy que ensina centenas de assuntos para estudantes de todo o mundo, tive um flashback. It was about 1960. As a local newspaper reporter still in high school, I was sent over to the computer lab of the University of Illinois to interview the creators of something called PLATO. 私はまだ高校生の地元の新聞記者として、イリノイ大学のコンピューター室に送られ、PLATOと呼ばれるものの作成者にインタビューしました。 The initials stood for Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations. イニシャルは、自動ティーチング操作用のプログラム化ロジックを表しています。 As iniciais significavam Lógica Programada para Operações de Ensino Automatizadas. This was a computer-assisted instruction system, which in those days ran on a computer named ILLIAC. これはコンピュータ支援の教育システムで、当時はILLIACというコンピュータで実行されていました。 The programmers said it could assist students in their learning. プログラマーは、それが学生の学習を助けることができると言いました。 I doubt, on that day 50 years ago, they even dreamed of what Salman Khan has accomplished. 50年前のその日、彼らはサルマン・カーンが成し遂げたことを夢見てさえいたに違いない。 Duvido que, naquele dia, 50 anos atrás, eles até sonhavam com o que Salman Khan realizou.

But that’s not the point. しかし、それは重要ではありません。 The point is PLATO was only 50 years ago, an instant in time. PLATOはほんの50年前の瞬間でした。 O ponto é que PLATO foi há apenas 50 anos, um instante no tempo. It continued to evolve and operated in one form or another on more and more sophisticated computers, until only five years ago. わずか5年前まで、それは進化し続け、ますます洗練されたコンピューター上で何らかの形で動作しました。 I have learned from Wikipedia that, starting with that humble beginning, PLATO established forums, message boards, online testing, email, chat rooms, picture languages, instant messaging, remote screen sharing and multiple-player games. 私はウィキペディアから、PLATOがその謙虚な始まりから、フォーラム、メッセージボード、オンラインテスト、電子メール、チャットルーム、画像言語、インスタントメッセージ、リモート画面共有、マルチプレイヤーゲームを確立したことを学びました。 Aprendi com a Wikipedia que, começando com esse começo humilde, a PLATO estabeleceu fóruns, fóruns, testes on-line, e-mail, salas de bate-papo, idiomas de imagem, mensagens instantâneas, compartilhamento remoto de tela e jogos para vários jogadores. "Since the first Web browser was also developed in Urbana, it appears that my hometown in downstate Illinois was the birthplace of much of the virtual, online universe we occupy today. 「最初のWebブラウザーもアーバナで開発されたため、イリノイ州のダウンタウンにある私の故郷は、今日私たちが占める仮想のオンラインユニバースの多くの発祥の地だったようです。 "Desde que o primeiro navegador da Web também foi desenvolvido em Urbana, parece que minha cidade natal, no norte do estado de Illinois, foi o berço de grande parte do universo virtual virtual que ocupamos hoje.

But I’m not here from the Chamber of Commerce." しかし、私は商工会議所から来ていません。」 Mas não estou aqui da Câmara de Comércio. " (Laughter) "I’m here as a man who wants to communicate. （笑い）「私はコミュニケーションをとりたい男としてここにいます。 All of this has happened in my lifetime. これはすべて私の生涯で起こりました。

I started writing on a computer back in the 1970s when one of the first Atech systems was installed at the Chicago Sun Times. 最初のAtechシステムの1つがシカゴサンタイムズに設置された1970年代に、私はコンピューターで書き始めました。 I was in line at Radio Shack to buy one of the first Model 100’s. Radio Shackで最初のモデル100の1つを買うために列を作っていました。 And when I told the people in the press room at the Academy Awards that they better install some phone lines for Internet connections, they didn’t know what I was talking about. また、アカデミー賞のプレスルームにいる人々に、インターネット接続用の電話回線をいくつか設置したほうがよいと言ったとき、彼らは私が何を話しているのか分からなかった。 When I bought my first desktop, it was a DEC Rainbow. 最初のデスクトップを購入したとき、それはDEC Rainbowでした。 Does anybody remember that?" 誰か覚えてる？」 (Applause) "The Sun Times sent me to the Cannes Film Festival with a portable computer the size of a suitcase named the Porteram Telebubble. （拍手）「サンタイムズは、Porteram Telebubbleというスーツケースのサイズのポータブルコンピュータを持って、カンヌ映画祭に私を送りました。 I joined Compuserve when it had fewer numbers than I currently have followers on Twitter. Compuserveに参加したのは、現在Twitterでフォロワーを持っている数よりも数が少なかったためです。 (Laughter)

CE: "All of this has happened in the blink of an eye. CE：「これはすべて瞬く間に起こりました。 CE: "Tudo isso aconteceu em um piscar de olhos.

It is unimaginable what will happen next. 次に何が起こるか想像もできない。 It makes me incredibly fortunate to live at this moment in history. 歴史のこの瞬間を生きることは、私にとって信じられないほど幸運です。 Isso me deixa incrivelmente feliz por viver neste momento da história. Indeed, I am lucky to live in history at all, because without intelligence and memory there is no history. 確かに、私は歴史に生きることができて幸運です。なぜなら、知性と記憶がなければ歴史はないからです。 For billions of years, the universe evolved completely without notice. 何十億年もの間、宇宙は予告なく完全に進化しました。 Por bilhões de anos, o universo evoluiu completamente sem aviso prévio. Now we live in the age of the Internet, which seems to be creating a form of global consciousness. 今、私たちはインターネットの時代に生きています。インターネットの時代は、ある種のグローバル意識を生み出しているようです。 And because of it, I can communicate as well as I ever could. そのおかげで、私はこれまでと同じようにコミュニケーションをとることができます。 We are born into a box of time and space. 私たちは時間と空間の箱の中に生まれます。 Nascemos em uma caixa de tempo e espaço. We use words and communication to break out of it and to reach out to others. 私たちは言葉とコミュニケーションを駆使して、それから抜け出し、他の人に手を差し伸べます。 Usamos palavras e comunicação para romper com isso e alcançar outras pessoas. For me, the Internet began as a useful tool and now has become something I rely on for my actual daily existence. 私にとってインターネットは便利なツールとして始まりましたが、今では私が実際に日常的に利用しているものとして信頼されています。

I cannot speak, I can only type so fast. 私は話すことができません、私はとても速くタイプすることができるだけです。 Não consigo falar, só consigo digitar tão rápido. Computer voices are sometimes not very sophisticated, but with my computer, I can communicate more widely than ever before. I feel as if my blog, my email, Twitter and Facebook have given me a substitute for everyday conversation. ブログ、メール、ツイッター、フェイスブックが日常会話の代わりになってくれたような気がします。 They aren’t an improvement, but they’re the best I can do. それらは改善ではありませんが、私ができる最善の方法です。 They give me a way to speak. 彼らは私に話す方法を与えます。 Not everybody has the patience of my wife, Chaz. But online, everybody speaks at the same speed. しかしオンラインでは、誰もが同じスピードで話します。 This whole adventure has been a learning experience. この冒険全体は、学習体験でした。 Toda essa aventura foi uma experiência de aprendizado.

Every time there was a surgery that failed, I was left with a little less flesh and bone. 手術が失敗するたびに、肉と骨が少し少なくなりました。 Toda vez que havia uma cirurgia que falhava, eu ficava com um pouco menos de carne e osso. Now I have no jaw left at all. 今、あごはもう残っていません。 Agora não tenho mais o queixo. While harvesting tissue from both my shoulders, the surgeries left me with back pain and reduced my ability to walk easily. 両方の肩から組織を採取している間、手術により背中の痛みが残り、簡単に歩くことができなくなりました。 Ao colher tecido de ambos os meus ombros, as cirurgias me deixaram com dores nas costas e reduziram minha capacidade de andar com facilidade. Ironic that my legs are fine, and it’s my shoulders that slow up my walk. 皮肉なことに、私の足は元気で、肩のせいで歩行が遅くなっています。 When you see me today, I look like the Phantom of the Opera. 今日私を見たとき、私はオペラ座の怪人のように見えます。 But no you don’t.

(Laughter)

(Applause)

"It is human nature to look at someone like me and assume I have lost some of my marbles. 「私のような人を見て、私が私のビー玉の一部を失ったと仮定することは人間の本性です。 "É da natureza humana olhar para alguém como eu e assumir que perdi algumas das minhas bolinhas de gude.

People --" (Applause) "People talk loudly --" 人々-」（拍手）「人々は大声で話します-」 Pessoas - "(Aplausos)" As pessoas falam alto - " I’m so sorry. ごめんなさい。

Excuse me. すみません。 (Applause)

"People talk loudly and slowly to me. 「人々は大声でゆっくりと私に話しかけます。

Sometimes they assume I am deaf. 時々彼らは私が耳が聞こえないと思います。 Às vezes eles assumem que sou surdo. There are people who don’t want to make eye contact. アイコンタクトをしたくない人もいます。 Believe me, he didn’t mean this as -- anyway, let me just read it. 私を信じて、彼はこれをそう言ったわけではありません-とにかく、私にそれをただ読んでみましょう。 Acredite, ele não quis dizer isso como - de qualquer maneira, deixe-me ler.

(Laughter) You should never let your wife read something like this. （笑い）妻にこのようなものを読ませてはいけません。 (Risos) Você nunca deve deixar sua esposa ler algo assim. (Laughter)

"It is human nature to look away from illness. 「病気から目をそらすのは人間の本性です。 "É da natureza humana desviar o olhar da doença.

We don’t enjoy a reminder of our own fragile mortality. 私たちは私たち自身のもろい死を思い出させることを楽しんでいません。 Não lembramos nossa própria frágil mortalidade. That’s why writing on the Internet has become a life-saver for me. だからこそ、インターネットで書くことは私の命の恩人になっています。 É por isso que escrever na Internet se tornou um salva-vidas para mim. My ability to think and write have not been affected. 私の考えて書く能力は影響を受けていません。 And on the Web, my real voice finds expression. そしてウェブでは、私の本当の声が表現を見つけます。 I have also met many other disabled people who communicate this way. この方法でコミュニケーションをとる他の多くの障害者にも会いました。 Também conheci muitas outras pessoas com deficiência que se comunicam dessa maneira. One of my Twitter friends can type only with his toes. 私のツイッターの友達の一人は彼のつま先でしかタイプできません。 One of the funniest blogs on the Web is written by a friend of mine named Smartass Cripple." ウェブ上で最も面白いブログの1つは、Smartass Crippleという名前の私の友人が書いたものです。」 Um dos blogs mais engraçados da Web é escrito por um amigo meu chamado Smartass Cripple ". (Laughter) "Google him and he will make you laugh. （笑い）「彼をググると、彼はあなたを笑わせます。 (Risos) "Pesquise no Google e ele fará você rir. All of these people are saying, in one way or another, that what you see is not all you get. これらの人々のすべてが、何らかの形で、あなたが見るものはあなたが得るすべてのものではないと言っています。 Todas essas pessoas estão dizendo, de uma maneira ou de outra, que o que você vê não é tudo o que recebe. So I have not come here to complain. だから私は文句を言うためにここに来たのではありません。 Então eu não vim aqui para reclamar.

I have much to make me happy and relieved. 私は私を幸せにし、安心させることがたくさんあります。 Eu tenho muito para me fazer feliz e aliviada. I seem, for the time being, to be cancer-free. とりあえず、ガンはないようです。 Por enquanto, pareço estar livre de câncer. I am writing as well as ever. 私もこれまでと同じように書いています。 Estou escrevendo como sempre. I am productive. 私は生産的です。 If I were in this condition at any point before a few cosmological instants ago, I would be as isolated as a hermit. 宇宙論的な瞬間の少し前のこの時点で私がこの状態にあったなら、私は隠者のように孤立しているでしょう。 Se eu estivesse nessa condição em algum momento antes de alguns instantes cosmológicos atrás, ficaria tão isolado quanto um eremita. I would be trapped inside my head. 頭の中に閉じ込められてしまう。 Eu ficaria preso dentro da minha cabeça. Because of the rush of human knowledge, because of the digital revolution, I have a voice, and I do not need to scream. 人間の知識の急増のため、デジタル革命のせいで、私には発言権があり、叫ぶ必要はありません。 Por causa da pressa do conhecimento humano, por causa da revolução digital, eu tenho uma voz e não preciso gritar. RE: Wait. RE：待って。

I have one more thing to add. もう1つ追加することがあります。 A guy goes into a psychiatrist. 男は精神科医に入ります。 The psychiatrist says, "You’re crazy." 精神科医は、「あなたは狂っています」と言います。 The guy says, "I want a second opinion." 「セカンドオピニオンが欲しい」と男は言う。 The psychiatrist says, "All right, you’re ugly. 精神科医は、「大丈夫、あなたは醜いです。 O psiquiatra diz: "Tudo bem, você é feio. (Laughter)

You all know the test for artificial intelligence -- the Turing test. 人工知能のテスト、チューリングテストはご存じでしょう。 Todos vocês conhecem o teste de inteligência artificial - o teste de Turing.

A human judge has a conversation with a human and a computer. 人間の裁判官は人間とコンピュータとの会話をします。 Um juiz humano conversa com um humano e um computador. If the judge can’t tell the machine apart from the human, the machine has passed the test. 裁判官がマシンと人間を区別できない場合、マシンはテストに合格しています。 Se o juiz não pode diferenciar a máquina do humano, ela passou no teste. I now propose a test for computer voices -- the Ebert test. 私は今、コンピュータ音声のテストを提案します-Ebertテスト。 If a computer voice can successfully tell a joke and do the timing and delivery as well as Henny Youngman, then that’s the voice I want. コンピュータの声がジョークをうまく伝え、タイミングと配信だけでなく、ヘニーヤングマンを実行できる場合、それが私の声です。 Se uma voz de computador pode contar uma piada com sucesso e executar o tempo e a entrega, assim como Henny Youngman, essa é a voz que eu quero. (Applause)