Modal Verbs - How to Use Must, Have to and Should - English Grammar Lesson Modalverben - Wie man "muss", "soll" und "sollte" verwendet - Englisch Grammatik Lektion Verbes modaux - Comment utiliser Must, Have to et Should - Leçon de grammaire anglaise モーダル動詞-Must、Have to、Shouldの使い方-英文法レッスン Modale werkwoorden - Hoe moeten, moeten en moeten te gebruiken - Engelse grammaticales Verbos modais - Como usar Must, Have to e Should - Lição de gramática inglesa Модальные глаголы - как использовать Must, Have to и Should - урок английской грамматики Modal Fiiller - Must, Have to ve Should Nasıl Kullanılır - İngilizce Dilbilgisi Dersi 情态动词 - 如何使用 "必须"、"不得不 "和 "应当" - 英语语法课程 情態動詞 - 如何使用 Must、Have to 和 Should - 英語文法課

Hi, I'm Kasia.

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

In this lesson, you can learn about the modal verbs must, have to and should.

Do you know the difference between 'must', 'have to' and 'should'?

English learners often mix up these three verbs.

In this lesson, you can learn how to use must, have to and should correctly in English.

Must and have to are both used to talk about obligations: things you cannot choose not

to do. machen.

For example:

We must talk to her before she leaves. Wir müssen mit ihr reden, bevor sie geht.

I have to go into work early tomorrow. Ich muss morgen früh zur Arbeit.

If you say, We must talk to her before she leaves, you mean that you think this is very

important, and you need to do it. wichtig, und Sie müssen es tun.

When you say, I have to go into work early tomorrow, you mean that you have no choice.

These are both obligations, but they're slightly different. Dies sind beide Verpflichtungen, aber sie unterscheiden sich geringfügig.

Can you see how they're different? Kannst du sehen, wie sie sich unterscheiden?

The first obligation is more personal, which is why you use must. Die erste Verpflichtung ist persönlicher, weshalb Sie verwenden müssen.

You feel that it's necessary and important to talk to her before she leaves. Sie halten es für notwendig und wichtig, mit ihr zu sprechen, bevor sie geht.

The obligation comes from you and your feelings.

What about have to?

The second obligation is more situational, which is why you use have to.

It's necessary to go into work early tomorrow, maybe because you have to meet a client, or

you have some important work to finish.

The obligation comes from the situation, not from you.

Let's see some more examples:

I must pay him back like I promised. Ich muss es ihm zurückzahlen, wie ich es versprochen habe.

--> You made a promise, and now it's important to you personally to keep your promise and --> Du hast ein Versprechen gegeben, und jetzt ist es dir persönlich wichtig, dein Versprechen zu halten und

pay him back.

He has to do a lot of homework every week.

--> He needs to do a lot of homework because the school gives him a lot of homework.

It's rare to use must to talk about obligations in spoken English. Es ist selten, must zu verwenden, um im gesprochenen Englisch über Verpflichtungen zu sprechen.

Native English speakers use have to much more in conversation.

However, you can use must to talk about obligations in formal or written English.

For example:

All passengers must have a valid ticket.

Candidates must arrive no later than five minutes before the scheduled start time.

Want an easy answer to this? Willst du eine einfache Antwort darauf?

Here's an easy answer: use have to when you speak. Hier ist eine einfache Antwort: Verwenden Sie müssen, wenn Sie sprechen.

Using must to talk about obligations can sound very formal and strange in spoken English.

If you use have to when you speak, you'll never be wrong! Wenn Sie müssen, wenn Sie sprechen, werden Sie nie falsch liegen!

You can use must to talk about obligations in your written English if you're writing Sie können must verwenden, um in Ihrem schriftlichen Englisch über Verpflichtungen zu sprechen, wenn Sie schreiben

something more formal.

This doesn't mean that you won't hear must in conversation; actually, you'll hear Das bedeutet nicht, dass Sie im Gespräch nicht hören müssen; eigentlich wirst du hören

it a lot.

Why is this? Warum ist das? Perchè è questo?

Didn't we just tell you not to use must in spoken English? Haben wir Ihnen nicht gerade gesagt, dass Sie im gesprochenen Englisch kein must verwenden sollen?

It's because must has many other meanings, too.

Using must to talk about obligations is rare in spoken English, but you can use it for Die Verwendung von must, um über Verpflichtungen zu sprechen, ist im gesprochenen Englisch selten, aber Sie können es für verwenden

many other things.

Okay, you've seen how must and have to are different. Okay, Sie haben gesehen, wie unterschiedlich Müssen und Müssen sind.

What about mustn't and don't have to?

Wait, what? Warte was?

We just talked about must and have to. Wir haben gerade über müssen und müssen gesprochen.

Isn't this the same?

Not at all. Affatto.

Must and have to aren't exactly the same, but they are quite similar. Must und have to sind nicht genau dasselbe, aber sie sind sich ziemlich ähnlich.

However, the negatives—mustn't and don't have to—are completely different.

Look at two sentences:

Visitors must not touch the paintings. Besucher dürfen die Gemälde nicht berühren.

You don't have to be here before ten. Du musst nicht vor zehn hier sein.

Can you tell the difference?

Must not means that something is forbidden.

You are not allowed to do this. Non sei autorizzato a farlo.

If you're in a museum, and the sign says Visitors must not touch the paintings, then Se sei in un museo e il cartello dice che i visitatori non devono toccare i dipinti, allora

don't touch the paintings! Berühren Sie die Gemälde nicht!

Don't have to means that something is not necessary. Non devi significa che qualcosa non è necessario.

You can choose to do something or not.

If we have plans, and I tell you, You don't have to be here before ten, then you can be Wenn wir Pläne haben, und ich sage Ihnen, Sie müssen nicht vor zehn hier sein, dann können Sie es sein

here before ten if you want.

You can come at nine, at eight, or whenever you want.

It's your choice. Es ist Ihre Wahl.

Let's see some more examples:

Passengers must not talk to the driver while the bus is moving. Fahrgäste dürfen während der Fahrt nicht mit dem Fahrer sprechen.

--> It's forbidden to talk to the driver while the bus is moving; you aren't allowed

to do this.

You don't have to finish it today. Du musst es heute nicht beenden.

--> You can finish it today if you want to, but you can also leave it until later if you --> Sie können es heute beenden, wenn Sie möchten, aber Sie können es auch auf später verschieben, wenn Sie möchten

want.

It's your choice.

Like must, must not is more common in formal or written English.

In spoken English, it's more common to use can't.

For example, you might see a sign saying: Beispielsweise sehen Sie möglicherweise ein Schild mit der Aufschrift:

Mobile phones must not be used while driving. Mobiltelefone dürfen während der Fahrt nicht benutzt werden.

But, if you were talking, you'd probably say: Aber wenn du reden würdest, würdest du wahrscheinlich sagen:

You can't use your phone while you're driving. Sie können Ihr Telefon während der Fahrt nicht benutzen. Non puoi usare il telefono mentre guidi.

On the other hand, don't have to is common in both spoken and written English.

So now you've seen the difference between must and have to, but what about should?

Remember that must and have to can be used to talk about obligations.

Should is different. Sollte anders sein.

You use should to give advice or express your opinion.

For example:

You should go to bed earlier.

Then you wouldn't feel so tired all the time.

--> This is my advice.

I think it's better for you to do this, but it isn't necessary.

It's not an obligation, so you still have a choice.

He should do more work if he wants to get promoted.

--> This is my opinion.

I don't think he needs to do it, and I don't necessarily care if he does this or not.

You can't use should to talk about obligations or rules.

When you say,

You should…

You mean that the person has a choice.

You're giving your opinion or some advice.

However, must can also be used to give advice.

For example:

You must try the fish.

It's delicious!

Actually, you can also use have to to give advice.

You could also say:

You have to try the fish.

It's delicious!

Can you tell the difference between using should to give advice, and using must or have

to?

Giving advice with must or have to is stronger and more emphatic than giving advice with

should.

If you say:

You should try the fish.

This sounds quite neutral, but if you say:

You must try the fish!

Or, You have to try the fish!

These sound much stronger.

You're more excited about what you're saying.

You really like that fish!

So, you can use must, have to or should to give advice or express opinions.

Using must or have to expresses stronger feelings than just using should.

However, if you want to give negative advice, only shouldn't is possible.

For example:

You shouldn't eat so much chocolate at once—you'll make yourself sick! Du solltest nicht so viel Schokolade auf einmal essen – dir wird schlecht! Non dovresti mangiare così tanto cioccolato in una volta, ti farai star male!

You shouldn't take the job unless you're sure it's what you want. Du solltest den Job nicht annehmen, wenn du dir nicht sicher bist, dass es das ist, was du willst.

In negative sentences, you can only use shouldn't to give advice or express your opinion.

You can't use mustn't or don't have to with this meaning. Sie können must't oder don't have to mit dieser Bedeutung verwenden.

At this point, you've seen how to use must, have to and should to talk about obligations

or advice.

Let's put everything together by comparing all three verbs. Fassen wir alles zusammen, indem wir alle drei Verben vergleichen.

Use must for:

Obligations you feel strongly about: I must remember to send him a birthday card. Verpflichtungen, die Ihnen wichtig sind: Ich muss daran denken, ihm eine Geburtstagskarte zu schicken.

Obligations in formal, written English: All employees must wash hands. Obblighi in inglese formale e scritto: tutti i dipendenti devono lavarsi le mani.

Strong advice: You must read it—it's an amazing story! Starker Rat: Sie müssen es lesen – es ist eine erstaunliche Geschichte!

Saying something is forbidden, if you use mustn't: Children must not be left unattended. Sagen ist verboten, wenn man nicht darf: Kinder dürfen nicht unbeaufsichtigt gelassen werden. Dire qualcosa è proibito, se usi must not: i bambini non devono essere lasciati incustoditi. 說某事是禁止的，如果你用「mustn’t」：Children must not be left unattented。

Remember that mustn't or must not are more formal, and in spoken English it's more

common to say can't.

Next, what about have to?

You use have to for:

Obligations which depend on rules or circumstances: I have to wear glasses because I can't see

so clearly.

Most obligations in spoken English: Do you have to work tomorrow?

Saying something is not necessary: You don't have to do this if you don't want to.

Strong advice: You have to try this ice cream!

Using have to for strong advice sounds more conversational than using must.

Finally, should.

You can use should for:

Giving advice: You should try once more—I'm sure you can get it.

Giving negative advice: You shouldn't work so hard.

Take a break sometimes!

Giving your opinion: If they make us work overtime, they should pay us for it. Sagen Sie Ihre Meinung: Wenn sie uns Überstunden machen lassen, sollten sie uns dafür bezahlen.

One last point: these three verbs can also be used to talk about probability and certainty. Ein letzter Punkt: Diese drei Verben können auch verwendet werden, um über Wahrscheinlichkeit und Gewissheit zu sprechen.

In this video, we focused on talking about obligations and giving advice, but these verbs

can also be used in other ways.

So now you've seen how to use must, have to and should in different ways.

Want more practice with this topic?

Check out the full lesson on our website: Oxford Online English.com.

You can read the script and practice with a quiz.

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!