Internet and Technology (5) Internet und Technologie (5) Internet y tecnología (5) Internet et technologie (5) Internet e tecnologia (5) インターネットとテクノロジー (5) Internet i technologia (5) Internet e tecnologia (5) Интернет и технологии (5) İnternet ve Teknoloji (5) Інтернет та технології (5) 互联网与科技 (5) 互聯網與科技 (5)

famously beat world chess champion Garry  Kasparov using algorithms in 1997? Was it… v roce 1997 slavně porazil mistra světa v šachu Garryho Kasparova pomocí algoritmů? Bylo to... battu le célèbre champion du monde d'échecs Garry Kasparov à l'aide d'algorithmes en 1997 ? Était-ce… 1997年にチェスの世界チャンピオン、ガルリ・カスパロフをアルゴリズムで破ったことで有名な？それは... Venceu o campeão mundial de xadrez Garry Kasparov usando algoritmos em 1997? Foi isso…

a) Hal, a) Hal,

b) Alpha 60 or c) Deep Blue?

I'll say Deep Blue. Although I'm just guessing. Řeknu Deep Blue. I když to jen hádám.

Was it an educated guess, Tim? Byl to kvalifikovaný odhad, Time? Était-ce une supposition éclairée, Tim ? ティム、それは経験に基づく推測だったのか？ Foi um palpite educado, Tim? Это было обоснованное предположение, Тим?

I know a bit about chess… O šachách něco vím... Я немного разбираюсь в шахматах…

An educated guess is based on knowledge and  experience and is therefore likely to be correct. Odhad je založen na znalostech a zkušenostech, a proto je pravděpodobné, že bude správný. 経験則に基づく推測は知識と経験に基づくものであり、したがって正しい可能性が高い。 Обоснованное предположение основано на знаниях и опыте и поэтому, скорее всего, будет правильным.

Well, we'll find out later on how  educated your guess was in this case, Tim! No, později se dozvíme, nakolik byl tvůj odhad v tomto případě správný, Time! Eh bien, nous découvrirons plus tard à quel point votre supposition était éduquée dans ce cas, Tim ! Что ж, позже мы узнаем, насколько обоснованной была твоя догадка в данном случае, Тим!

Indeed. But getting back to AI and  what machines can do – are they Vskutku. Ale zpět k umělé inteligenci a k tomu, co stroje dokážou - zda jsou schopny Верно. Но возвращаясь к ИИ и к тому, что могут машины —

any good at solving real-life problems?  Computers think in zeros and ones don't umíte dobře řešit skutečné problémy? Počítače myslí v nulách a jedničkách ne 現実の問題を解くのが得意？コンピュータは0と1で考えるのではない любой хороший в решении реальных проблем? Компьютеры думают нулями, а единицы - нет.

they? That sounds like a pretty limited  language when it comes to life experience! 彼ら？人生経験に関しては、かなり限定的な言葉のように聞こえる！

You would be surprised to what  those zeroes and ones can do, Tim. その0と1ができることに驚くよ、ティム。

Although you're right that AI does  have its limitations at the moment.

And if something has limitations there's a  limit on what it can do or how good it can be.

OK – well now might be a good time to listen  to Zoubin Bharhramani, Professor of Information

Engineering at the University of Cambridge  and deputy director of the Leverhulme Centre

for the Future of Intelligence. He's talking  about what limitations AI has at the moment. 知能の未来のために。彼はAIが現在どのような限界を持っているかについて話している。

I think it's very interesting how many of the  things that we take for granted – we humans take Je pense qu'il est très intéressant de voir combien de choses que nous tenons pour acquises - nous, les humains, prenons Penso que é muito interessante como muitas das coisas que tomamos como garantidas - nós, humanos, tomamos

for granted – as being sort of things we don't  even think about like how do we walk, how do we pour acquis - comme étant des choses auxquelles nous ne pensons même pas, comme comment marchons-nous, comment allons-nous como sendo coisas em que nem sequer pensamos, por exemplo, como é que andamos, como é que

reach, how do we recognize our mother. You know,  all these things. When you start to think how どうやって母親を見分けるか。これらすべてをね。どうやって alcançar, como é que reconhecemos a nossa mãe. Todas estas coisas. Quando se começa a pensar como

to implement them on a computer, you realize that  it's those things that are incredibly difficult to それをコンピューターに実装するのは、非常に難しいことなのだ。 para as implementar num computador, apercebemo-nos de que são essas coisas que são incrivelmente difíceis de

get computers to do, and that's where  the current cutting edge of research is. faire faire aux ordinateurs, et c'est là que se trouve la pointe actuelle de la recherche. 現在の研究の最先端はそこにある。 змусити комп’ютери робити, і це те, де нинішній передовий край досліджень.

If we take something for granted we  don't realise how important something is. Si nous tenons quelque chose pour acquis, nous ne réalisons pas à quel point quelque chose est important.

You sometimes take me for granted, I think, Neil. Myslím, že mě někdy považuješ za samozřejmost, Neile. Tu me prends parfois pour acquis, je pense, Neil.

No – I never take you for granted,  Tim! You're far too important for that! Ne - nikdy tě neberu jako samozřejmost, Time! Na to jsi příliš důležitý! Non – je ne te prends jamais pour acquis, Tim ! Tu es bien trop important pour ça ! いや、私は君を当たり前だとは思っていないよ、ティム！君はあまりにも重要な存在だ！

Good to hear! So things we take for granted  are doing every day tasks like walking, To rád slyším! Takže věci, které považujeme za samozřejmost, dělají každodenní úkoly, jako je chůze, Bon à entendre ! Donc, les choses que nous tenons pour acquises sont de faire des tâches quotidiennes comme marcher,

picking something up, or recognizing somebody.  We implement – or perform – these things without něco zvednout nebo někoho poznat. Tyto věci provádíme, aniž bychom 何かを拾ったり、誰かを認識したり。私たちはこれらのことを

thinking – Whereas it's cutting edge research  to try and program a machine to do them. myšlení - zatímco pokus naprogramovat stroj, který by je zvládl, je špičkový výzkum. penser - Alors que c'est de la recherche de pointe d'essayer de programmer une machine pour les faire. 一方、機械にそれをさせるようにプログラムするのは最先端の研究だ。 В то время как попытки запрограммировать машину на их выполнение - это передовые исследования.

Cutting edge means very new and  advanced. It's interesting isn't it, Cutting edge znamená velmi nový a pokročilý. Je to zajímavé, že?

that over ten years ago a computer  beat a chess grand master – but the que há mais de dez anos um computador venceu um grande mestre de xadrez - mas o что более десяти лет назад компьютер обыграл шахматного гроссмейстера - но

same computer would find it incredibly  difficult to pick up a chess piece. stejný počítač by měl neuvěřitelné potíže se zvednutím šachové figurky. même ordinateur trouverait incroyablement difficile de ramasser une pièce d'échecs. 同じコンピューターでも、チェスの駒を拾うのはとてつもなく難しい。 o mesmo computador teria uma enorme dificuldade em apanhar uma peça de xadrez. тому же компьютеру будет невероятно сложно подобрать шахматную фигуру.

I know. It's very strange. But now you've reminded  me that we need the answer to today's question.

Which was: What was the name of the  computer which famously beat world chess

champion Garry Kasparov in 1997? Now, you said  Deep Blue, Tim, and … that was the right answer!

You see, my educated guess was  based on knowledge and experience! Vous voyez, ma supposition éclairée était basée sur les connaissances et l'expérience !

Or maybe you were just lucky. So, the IBM Nebo jste možná měli jen štěstí. Takže, IBM Ou peut-être avez-vous simplement eu de la chance. Ainsi, l'IBM

supercomputer Deep Blue played against US  world chess champion Garry Kasparov in two

chess matches. The first match was played in  Philadelphia in 1996 and was won by Kasparov.

The second was played in New York City in 1997  and won by Deep Blue. The 1997 match was the Второй был сыгран в Нью-Йорке в 1997 году, и победу в нем одержала команда Deep Blue. Матч 1997 года был

first defeat of a reigning world chess champion  by a computer under tournament conditions. première défaite d'un champion du monde d'échecs en titre par un ordinateur dans des conditions de tournoi. первое поражение действующего чемпиона мира по шахматам от компьютера в турнирных условиях.

Let's go through the words we  learned today. First up was Projděme si slova, která jsme se dnes naučili. Jako první jsme se dozvěděli 今日学んだ単語を見ていこう。まずは

‘artificial intelligence' or AI – the ability  of machines to copy human intelligent behaviour. "umělá inteligence" neboli AI - schopnost strojů kopírovat lidské inteligentní chování.

“There are AI programs that can write poetry.”

Do you have any examples you can recite? Máte nějaké příklady, které můžete uvést?

Afraid I don't! Number two – an algorithm is  a set of steps a computer follows in order to 残念ながら私は知らない！その2 アルゴリズムとは、コンピュータが次のことを行うために従う一連の手順のことだ。

solve a problem. For example, “Google changes its  search algorithm hundreds of times every year.” vyřešit problém. Například: "Google mění svůj vyhledávací algoritmus stokrát ročně." 問題を解決する。例えば、"グーグルは毎年何百回も検索アルゴリズムを変えている"。 решить проблему. Например, "Google меняет свой поисковый алгоритм сотни раз каждый год".

The adjective is algorithmic – for example,  “Google has made many algorithmic changes.” Přídavné jméno je algoritmický - například "Google provedl mnoho algoritmických změn".

Number three – if something has ‘limitations'  – there's a limit on what it can do or how good

it can be. “Our show has certain limitations  – for example, it's only six minutes long!”

That's right – there's only time to present  six vocabulary items. Short but sweet! Přesně tak - na prezentaci šesti slovíček je pouze čas. Krátké, ale sladké!

And very intelligent, too.  OK, the next item is ‘take A také velmi inteligentní. Dobře, další bod je "převzít

something for granted' – which is when we  don't realise how important something is. něco jako samozřejmost" - to znamená, že si neuvědomujeme, jak je něco důležité. quelque chose pour acquis », c'est-à-dire lorsque nous ne réalisons pas à quel point quelque chose est important.

“We take our smart phones for granted these  days – but before 1995 hardly anyone owned one.” "Nous tenons nos téléphones intelligents pour acquis ces jours-ci - mais avant 1995, presque personne n'en possédait un." "Hoje em dia, damos por garantidos os nossos telemóveis inteligentes - mas antes de 1995 quase ninguém tinha um."

Number five – ‘to implement' – means  to perform a task, or take action. Číslo pět - "realizovat" - znamená provést nějaký úkol nebo akci.

“Neil implemented some changes to the show.” 「ニールはショーにいくつかの変更を加えた。

The final item is ‘cutting edge' – new and  advanced – “This software is cutting edge.” Poslední položka je "cutting edge" - nový a pokročilý - "Tento software je špičkový." Le dernier élément est "à la pointe de la technologie" - nouveau et avancé - "Ce logiciel est à la pointe de la technologie". Последний пункт - "cutting edge" - новый и передовой - "This software is cutting edge".

“The software uses cutting edge technology.” "Software využívá nejmodernější technologie." "Le logiciel utilise une technologie de pointe."

OK – that's all we have time  for on today's cutting edge Dobře - to je vše, co jsme stihli v dnešním článku o nejmodernějších technologiích. OK - c'est tout ce dont nous avons le temps sur l'avant-garde d'aujourd'hui

show. But please check out our Instagram,  Twitter, Facebook and YouTube pages.

Bye-bye!

Goodbye!

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.

And I'm Catherine. Hello!

Now, Catherine, say cheese.

Cheeeese. Thank you, a little souvenir of our time together.

Let's have a look… Hang on a minute. You just  took a selfie, I wasn't even in the picture. Jetons un coup d'œil… Attendez une minute. Tu viens de prendre un selfie, je n'étais même pas sur la photo. ちょっと待った。自撮りしてるだけで、私は写ってないわよ。

Ah, well, that's the magic of the smartphone,  two cameras! You know, that's not something

you can do with a traditional camera. I mean,  do you even have a separate camera these days? что можно сделать с помощью традиционной камеры. В смысле, есть ли у вас вообще отдельная камера в наши дни?

I do actually. It's in a  cupboard somewhere at home. 実はあるんだ。家の戸棚のどこかにあるんだ。

Well, that is the topic of this programme. Have  traditional cameras been completely replaced by

smartphones, or to put it another way, have  cameras been made obsolete by the smartphone?

Interesting question. But before we get into this  topic, how about a question for our listeners?

Of course. We are certainly in the  digital age of photography but when

was the first digital camera  phone released? Was it: le premier téléphone avec appareil photo numérique a-t-il été lancé ? Était-ce:

a) 2000 b) 2004 or

c) 2007? What do you think?

Well, I actually know this one, so I'm  going to be fair and keep it to myself. Eh bien, je connais celui-ci, donc je vais être juste et le garder pour moi.

OK, well, listen out for the  answer at the end of the programme.

There are different kinds of cameras  available today. There are compact cameras,

which are small and mostly automatic  and usually come with a fixed lens. 小型でほとんどが自動式で、通常は固定レンズが付属している。

That's right. And then there are  SLRs and DSLRs which are bigger,

and you can change the lenses on these cameras  and they allow for a lot of manual control.

And there are also mirrorless cameras, which are a  cross between compact cameras and DSLRs. They are また、コンパクトカメラとデジタル一眼レフカメラの中間のようなミラーレスカメラもある。ミラーレスカメラは

small like a compact camera but you can also use  the same lenses on them that you can use on DSLRs. コンパクトカメラのように小さいが、デジタル一眼レフカメラと同じレンズが使える。

And of course, there are  the cameras on smartphones,

and these are convenient and they're  becoming increasingly sophisticated.

Phil Hall is the editor of Tech Radar  magazine. He was asked on the BBC programme Фил Холл - редактор журнала Tech Radar. Его спросили в программе BBC

You and Yours if he thought smartphones would  make other cameras obsolete. What is his opinion? Вы и Ваш, считает ли он, что смартфоны сделают другие камеры устаревшими. Каково его мнение?

I don't think so. I think while compact camera  sales have really sort of dropped off a cliff, Je ne pense pas. Je pense que même si les ventes d'appareils photo compacts ont vraiment chuté, Я так не думаю. Я думаю, что в то время как продажи компактных фотоаппаратов действительно как бы упали с обрыва,

it's the lower end, cheap compacts where  people have opted for a smartphone and I think c'est le bas de gamme, les compacts bon marché où les gens ont opté pour un smartphone et je pense しかし、低価格帯の安価なコンパクトカーでは、スマートフォンを選ぶ人が多い。

manufacturers are looking at the more higher end  premium cameras, high-end compacts, DSLRs, which

are the ones you can attach lenses to, mirrorless  cameras. So, the market's changing. And I don't

think there'll be a time soon, yet, that… the  smartphone will take over the camera completely.

So does Phil think smartphones  will kill the camera?

In a word, no. He does say that sales of cheap  compact cameras have dropped off a cliff. En un mot, non. Il dit que les ventes d'appareils photo compacts bon marché ont chuté d'une falaise. 一言で言えば、ノーだ。彼は、安価なコンパクトカメラの売れ行きが崖っぷちに落ち込んでいると言っている。 Одним словом ні. Він каже, що продажі дешевих компактних фотоапаратів різко впали.

This rather dramatic expression  describes a very big fall in sales. このかなり大げさな表現は、非常に大きな売上の落ち込みを表している。

This is because the kind of consumers C'est parce que le type de consommateurs

who would choose a compact camera are now  opting for the camera on their smartphone.

When you opt for something you  choose it rather than something else. Lorsque vous optez pour quelque chose, vous le choisissez plutôt qu'autre chose.

For people who want a quick, easy  to use and convenient way to take Pour les personnes qui recherchent un moyen rapide, facile à utiliser et pratique de prendre

reasonable quality photos, compact cameras used  to be the best choice – but now it's a smartphone.

So camera makers are now moving to the more  high-end market, the DSLRs and mirrorless cameras.

So who is still buying these more  expensive cameras? Here's Phil Hall again.

I think it's... some of it is people who  are picking up a smartphone and sort of

getting into photography that way and that's  a really great first step into photography

and I think people are probably, sometimes,  getting a bit frustrated with the quality

once they sort of start pushing their creative  skills and then looking to see what's the next une fois qu'ils commencent en quelque sorte à pousser leurs compétences créatives et ensuite à voir quelle est la prochaine クリエイティブなスキルを押し進め、次に何ができるかを模索し始めたら......。

rung up so it's people wanting to  broaden their creative skills a bit. sonné donc ce sont des gens qui veulent élargir un peu leurs compétences créatives. поднимаются на ступеньку выше, так что это люди, желающие немного расширить свои творческие навыки.

Who does he say might be buying cameras?

He says that people who are getting into

photography might get frustrated  with the quality of smartphones.

Getting into something means  becoming very interested in it. 何かにのめり込むということは、そのことに非常に興味を持つということだ。

And if you are frustrated with something it

means you are disappointed with  it. You are not happy with it.

So people who have got into  photography with a smartphone

but are frustrated with its limitations  and want to be more creative are going しかし、その限界に不満を感じ、もっと創造的になりたいと考えている人は、次のように考えている。

to the next level. They are moving up, they  are, as Phil said 'taking the next rung up'. au niveau suivant. Ils progressent, ils le sont, comme Phil l'a dit "prendre le prochain échelon". 次のレベルへ。フィルが言ったように、彼らは "次のステップに進む "のだ。

Now, a rung is the horizontal step of a ladder,

so the expression taking the next rung up is a  way to describe doing something at a higher level.

Now, talking of higher levels, did you get this  week's quiz question right? The question was:

When was the first phone with a digital  camera released? Was it 2000, 2004 or 2007?

The first phone with a digital  camera was released in 2000.

Now, to take us up to the end of the  programme, let's look at the vocabulary again.

First, we had the adjective obsolete  which describes something that has

been replaced and is no longer the first choice. a été remplacé et n'est plus le premier choix. была заменена и больше не является первым выбором.

When the expression to drop off a  cliff is used about, for example,

sales numbers, it means sales have fallen  significantly over a short period of time.

To opt for something means to choose something

and when you become very interested in an  activity you can say that you get into it. et quand vous vous intéressez beaucoup à une activité, vous pouvez dire que vous vous y lancez.

If you are trying to do something and you  can't do it because you don't have the skill

or the equipment you are using is not right  or not good enough, you can become frustrated.

And developing your skills to a higher level  can be described as taking the next rung up. Et développer vos compétences à un niveau supérieur peut être décrit comme passer au niveau supérieur.

Right, that's all from us from us in this  programme. Do join us again next time and

don't forget that in the meantime you can  find us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, その間、インスタグラム、フェイスブック、ツイッターで私たちを見つけることができることをお忘れなく、

YouTube and of course our website  bbclearningenglish.com. See you soon. Goodbye.

Bye!