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It`s Okay To Be Smart, How Your Memory Works

How Your Memory Works

Thank you to brilliant dot org for supporting PBS Digital Studios.

Sherlock Holmes, the legendary detective, had a theory that the brain is like an attic

where a person can only store a limited amount of memories.

Dr. Watson once told him that the Earth travels around the sun, duh, to which Holmes replied,

“Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it.”

Holmes figured, clutter your attic with random facts and trivia, and you won't have room

for the things that matter, like identifying the tiny differences between lethal poisons.

Was Holmes right?

Is our memory limited, like the storage capacity of a computer?

Or is our memory unlimited?

And if we did have perfect memory, what would life be like if you never forgot anything?

[OPEN]

The animated film Inside Out depicted memories as glowing spheres stacked in the brain, like

books in a library.

But the reality is a little more complicated.

There is no one place in the brain that serves as our memory bank.

Instead, individual memories are scattered all over the brain.

Many brain cells, in several different regions, work together to make one memory.

For example, a memory of eating grandma's apple pie might involve some brain cells to

help you remember what the pie looked like, others to remember the smell of the cinnamon,

and even cells to remember the delicious taste – just to name a few.

In reality, though, a memory isn't a physical thing that we can find in any given brain

cell.

It's an action, not an object.

Think of baseball fans doing “the wave”: no single fan IS the wave, the magic only

happens when all the fans are together, doing their thing in a specific order.

In the same way, a memory only happens when many connected neurons fire in a specific

pattern.

And because the same cells can fire in many unique patterns, one group of neurons can

encode multiple memories.

This increases the memory storage capacity of the brain.

Buried deep in the middle of the brain we find a group of cells shaped like a seahorse,

which is why 18th century scientists named this bit the ‘hippocampus.'

Without your seahorse, you might never remember.

We owe a lot of our understanding of memories to one famous patient, known for years only

by his initials, H.M.

In 1953, H.M. underwent a surgery for epilepsy which demolished most of his hippocampus,

and for the rest of his life, he exhibited a severe type of amnesia where he was unable

to form new memories of facts or events, but, he was still able to remember things he had

learned before the surgery.

This showed us that the hippocampus is a key to making memories, but that it isn't where

memories are stored.

So how do experiences become memories?

If we look inside the brain of a mouse in a maze, we could

draw a kind of map, showing which brain cells are active as the mouse experiences something

[mouse in maze].

Later, we would see the mouse's brain cells firing in the same

patterns, replaying the experience in fast forward, over and over,

backwards and forwards, to make the connections between cells stronger.

This is called consolidation, and it's how animals - including humans - commit new memories

to long-term storage.

Days or weeks later, a smell might trigger this same pattern of cells nerve firing in

the mouse brain, a recall of the maze memories - just like smelling cinnamon might trigger

memories of grandma for you.

But the brain's way of creating memories isn't foolproof.

Sometimes, our mental replay of something we only imagined can feel as vivid as a real

experience.

If you picture all the sights, smells, and sounds of a crime scene from someone's description,

you activate similar brain networks as if you had really been there.

The more you replay the scene in your mind, the more it feels like a real memory.

That's why a detective who asks leading questions can inadvertently plant a false

memory in a witness.

We're able to remember a lot, but we forget even more.

Some forgetting just happens, but our brains also forget on purpose.

We have at least three different ways of forgetting.

The first is what happens when a memory fades over time, so-called “passive oblivescence”

(a term you will probably forget).

This may happen because the connections between brain cells gradually weaken over time; or

perhaps the memory is still there, but you might lose the triggers–sights, sounds,

smells–you need to retrieve it.

Another idea says memories could theoretically last forever, but when the same neurons get

used in other memories, this “interference” disrupts the original memory.

This slow fade type of forgetting happens to all of us, eventually.

A second type of forgetting–targeted forgetting–happens at night while we sleep.

This is when we clear out random, useless tidbits of information we've learned during

the day and erase outdated memories.

For example, if yesterday, you thought Earth was, say, a flat disk supported by three elephants,

and today you learned that the Earth is round, your brain needs to purge one of these contradictory

ideas - hopefully, the one about the elephants.

In certain stages of sleep, we trim and prune connections between cells and erase unneeded

memory circuits.

The third type of forgetting is motivated forgetting, something we all wish we could

do for one thing or another.

This is when a person intentionally suppresses unpleasant memories.

Forgetting on purpose is a way to regulate our emotions and to focus on what needs to

be done in the present, instead of getting lost in negative memories of the past.

We may need motivated forgetting to maintain our self-image, to maintain confidence, to

stay optimistic about the future, or to be able to maintain relationships with people

who have hurt us.

We don't know exactly how motivated forgetting happens, but part of our brain seems to step

in and block the troubling memory from being retrieved.

So that even though it's still somewhere in our brain, eventually we can't find it.

Our brains have so many ways to forget because forgetting is one of the most important things

we do.

Forgetting allows us to move past traumatic life events.

In fact, PTSD may be a problem where someone simply remembers too much.

Forgetting also allows us to clear out junk.

Imagine every sight, sound, smell, and piece of information your brain processes every

day!

If our brains didn't sweep out the garbage every night, we would soon overflow our neural

networks with random useless trivia, just like Sherlock Holmes predicted.

We also wouldn't be able to replace things that are no longer true with better information

and update our mental models of the world.

Deep in the scientific literature we find stories of a handful of people who NEVER forget

anything.

They are so rare that their unforgetfulness has a medical name: hyperthymesia.

The most famous case is Jill Price, an American woman now in her fifties.

Starting from age 14, Jill's memory of her life is nearly perfect.

For any date in the past, she remembers what she wore and had for lunch that day, key historical

events that she paid attention to, and detailed incidents from her life.

She describes memories playing in her mind in vivid detail like a video reel that has

been enhanced with smells and emotions, whether the events occurred yesterday or decades ago.

This might sound like a blessing, especially if you're in school, but Jill has described

being haunted by upsetting memories and by regrets, because unlike the rest of us, she

can clearly remember every choice she made and how it turned out.

There's probably something you truly *want* to forget, like that extremely embarrassing

moment in high school that always seems to pop up at the worst times.

Can we erase those unwanted memories somehow?

In an episode of House, MD, Dr. House treated a patient suffering from painful memories

by performing something called electroconvulsive therapy: controlled electric shocks to the

brain.

People who undergo ECT do lose some memories – only not necessarily the ones they hope.

When it comes to erasing memories in humans, our best tool still works like a hammer, not

a scalpel.

It's no accident that our ability to forget, like our ability to remember, is a complex

and finely-tuned mechanism.

If humans couldn't remember and learn from important events, our species probably wouldn't

have survived.

But it seems that being able to forget is just as critical, an elementary part of solving

this great mystery we call life.

Stay curious!

So you probably can't teach yourself to have perfect memory, and never forget anything.

Not without a massive brain injury or something.

But is memorization really the best way to learn something?

Memorizing can definitely help you get started with a new concept.

However, truly understanding it requires much more - seeing how concepts are related to

each other, looking for different interpretations, dealing with new information.

These are the skills that will help you learn anything, and if you'd like to sharpen your

brain and develop these tools, then Brilliant could be the place to go for that.

Check out this Brilliant course on logic and deduction [screen recording]

It's got fun and challenging riddles and mind-benders, broken up into bite size pieces,

and they'll guide you through the problems until you're a Sherlock Holmes-level logical

thinker…

To support It's Okay To Be Smart and learn more about Brilliant, go to brilliant dot

org slash BESMART and sign up for free.

And also, the first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual Premium

subscription.

How Your Memory Works Wie Ihr Gedächtnis funktioniert Cómo funciona su memoria Le fonctionnement de la mémoire 메모리 작동 방식 Hoe je geheugen werkt Jak działa pamięć Como funciona a sua memória Как работает ваша память Hafızanız Nasıl Çalışır? Як працює ваша пам'ять 你的记忆是如何运作的

Thank you to brilliant dot org for supporting PBS Digital Studios.

Sherlock Holmes, the legendary detective, had a theory that the brain is like an attic شيرلوك هولمز ، المخبر الأسطوري ، كان لديه نظرية مفادها أن الدماغ يشبه العلية

where a person can only store a limited amount of memories. حيث لا يستطيع الشخص سوى تخزين كمية محدودة من الذكريات

Dr. Watson once told him that the Earth travels around the sun, duh, to which Holmes replied, أخبره الدكتور واطسون ذات مرة أن الأرض تسافر حول الشمس ، واضح ، التي وردت عليه من هولمز かつてワトソン博士が「地球は太陽の周りを回るんだ、ダァ」と言ったところ、ホームズはこう答えた、

“Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it.” "والآن بعد أن عرفت ذلك ، سأبذل قصارى جهدي لنسيانه" "今、私はそれを知っている......私はそれを忘れるために最善を尽くすだろう。"

Holmes figured, clutter your attic with random facts and trivia, and you won't have room تصور هولمز ، فوضى العلية الخاصة بك مع حقائق عشوائية وتوافه الأشياء ، ولن يكون لديك مساحة ホームズが考えたのは、屋根裏に適当な事実やトリビアを散らかしておけば、部屋が空くということだ。

for the things that matter, like identifying the tiny differences between lethal poisons. للأشياء المهمة ، مثل تحديد الفروق الصغيرة بين السموم القاتلة 毒の違いを識別するような、重要なことのために。

Was Holmes right? هل هولمز مُحق؟

Is our memory limited, like the storage capacity of a computer? هل ذاكرتنا محدودة ، مثل سعة التخزين لجهاز الحاسوب؟

Or is our memory unlimited? أم أن ذاكرتنا غير محدودة؟

And if we did have perfect memory, what would life be like if you never forgot anything? وإذا كان لدينا ذاكرة مثالية ، كيف ستكون الحياة وقتها إذا لم تنسَ شيئًا أبدًا؟

[OPEN] الإفتتاحية

The animated film Inside Out depicted memories as glowing spheres stacked in the brain, like يصور فيلم الرسوم المتحركة Inside Out الذكريات ككرة متوهجة مكدسة في الدماغ ، مثل O filme de animação Inside Out retratou as memórias como esferas brilhantes empilhadas no cérebro, como

books in a library. الكتب في المكتبة

But the reality is a little more complicated. لكن في الواقع هي أكثر تعقيدًا بعض الشيء

There is no one place in the brain that serves as our memory bank. لا يوجد مكان واحد في الدماغ يعمل كبنك لذاكرتنا

Instead, individual memories are scattered all over the brain. بدلا من ذلك ، تنتشر الذكريات الفردية في جميع أنحاء الدماغ

Many brain cells, in several different regions, work together to make one memory. تعمل العديد من الخلايا العصبية ، في مناطق مختلفة ، على تكوين ذاكرة واحدة 複数の異なる領域にある多くの脳細胞が協力して、1つの記憶を作り上げているのです。

For example, a memory of eating grandma's apple pie might involve some brain cells to على سبيل المثال: قد تتضمن ذاكرة أكل فطيرة التفاح للجدة بعضًاً من الخلايا العصبية

help you remember what the pie looked like, others to remember the smell of the cinnamon, لمساعدتك على تذكر شكل الفطيرة ، والبعض الآخر يتذكر رائحة القرفة

and even cells to remember the delicious taste – just to name a few. وحتى الخلايا العصبية تتذكر الطعم لذيذ - على سبيل المثال لا للحصر

In reality, though, a memory isn't a physical thing that we can find in any given brain في الواقع ، على الرغم من أن الذاكرة ليست شيئًا ماديًا يمكننا العثور عليه في أي خلية عصبية معينة

cell.

It's an action, not an object. إنه عمل وليس كائن

Think of baseball fans doing “the wave”: no single fan IS the wave, the magic only فكر في مشجعي كرة القدم الذين يقومون بـحركة "الموجة": لا يوجد معجب واحد بإستطاعتُه أداء حركة الموجة لوحده ، ولا يُمكن حدوث السحر 野球ファンが "波 "を起こすことを考えると、一人のファンが "波 "になることはなく、魔法がかかるだけです。

happens when all the fans are together, doing their thing in a specific order. إلا عندما يكون كل المشجعين معًا ، ويقومون بذلك من خلال ترتيب معين

In the same way, a memory only happens when many connected neurons fire in a specific بالطريقة نفسها، تحدث الذاكرة فقط عندما يطلق العديد من الخلايا العصبية على نمط محدد

pattern.

And because the same cells can fire in many unique patterns, one group of neurons can ولأن الخلايا نفسها تستطيع إطلاق العديد من الأنماط الفريدة ، يمكن لمجموعة واحدة من الخلايا العصبية

encode multiple memories. تشفير الذكريات المتعددة 複数の記憶をエンコードする。

This increases the memory storage capacity of the brain. حيث يعمل ذلك على زيادة سعة تخزين الذاكرة في الدماغ これにより、脳の記憶保存容量が増加します。

Buried deep in the middle of the brain we find a group of cells shaped like a seahorse, مدفونة عميقًا في منتصف المخ نجد مجموعة من الخلايا على شكل فرس البحر

which is why 18th century scientists named this bit the ‘hippocampus.' وهذا هو السبب الذي جعل العلماء في القرن الثامن عشر يطلقون عليه اسم "الحُصين"

Without your seahorse, you might never remember. بدون فرس البحر الخاص بك ، قد لا تتذكر أبدا

We owe a lot of our understanding of memories to one famous patient, known for years only نحن مدينون بالكثير من فهمنا للذكريات لمريض مشهور ، معروف منذ سنوات فقط

by his initials, H.M. بالأحرف الأولى من اسمه ، H.M

In 1953, H.M. underwent a surgery for epilepsy which demolished most of his hippocampus, في عام 1953 خضع ، H.M. لعملية جراحية لعلاج الصرع حيث تمت إزالة معظم أجزاء قرن آمون (الحُصين)

and for the rest of his life, he exhibited a severe type of amnesia where he was unable ولبقية حياته ، فقد أظهر نوعًا كبيرًا من فقدان الذاكرة حيث لم يكن قادرًا

to form new memories of facts or events, but, he was still able to remember things he had على تكوين ذكريات جديدة للحقائق أو الأحداث ، ولكن ، كان لا زال قادراً على تذكر الأشياء

learned before the surgery. التي تعلمها قبل الجراحة

This showed us that the hippocampus is a key to making memories, but that it isn't where يُظهرُ لنا هذا أن الحُصين هو مفتاح صنع الذكريات ، ولكنهُ ليس المكان

memories are stored. الذي يتم فيه تخزين الذكريات の記憶が保存されます。

So how do experiences become memories? إذن كيف تصبح التجارب ذكريات

If we look inside the brain of a mouse in a maze, we could إذا أمعنا النظر داخل دماغ فأر في متاهة ،

draw a kind of map, showing which brain cells are active as the mouse experiences something يمكننا رسم نوع من الخرائط ، والتي تبين أي خلايا العصبية نشطة مثلما يختبر الماوس شيئًا ما

[mouse in maze]. الفأر داخل المتاهة

Later, we would see the mouse's brain cells firing in the same في وقت لاحق ، سنرى الخلايا العصبية لدماغ الفأر تطلق الإشارات بنفس الأنماط

patterns, replaying the experience in fast forward, over and over, وتعيد التجربة تلو الأخرى بسرعة إلى الأمام ، مرارًا وتكرارًا padrões, repetindo a experiência em avanço rápido, vezes sem conta,

backwards and forwards, to make the connections between cells stronger. إلى الوراء وإلى الأمام ، لجعل الروابط بين الخلايا أقوى

This is called consolidation, and it's how animals - including humans - commit new memories ويسمى بالتَرْسِيخ ، وهي طريقة كيف أن الحيوانات - بما في ذلك البشر تلتزم بتكوين ذكريات جديدة A isto chama-se consolidação e é a forma como os animais - incluindo os seres humanos - fixam novas memórias

to long-term storage. للتخزين على المدى الطويل

Days or weeks later, a smell might trigger this same pattern of cells nerve firing in بعد أيام أو أسابيع ، قد تؤدي الرائحة إلى إطلاق هذا النمط من الخلايا العصبية الذيتُطلق الإشارات

the mouse brain, a recall of the maze memories - just like smelling cinnamon might trigger في دماغ الفأر ، استدعاء ذكريات المتاهة - تُشبه تماماً رائحة القرفة التي قد يؤدي o cérebro do rato, uma recordação das memórias do labirinto - tal como cheirar canela pode desencadear

memories of grandma for you. إلى ذكريات الجدة بالنسبة لك

But the brain's way of creating memories isn't foolproof. لكن طريقة الدماغ في إنشاء الذكريات ليست مضمونة

Sometimes, our mental replay of something we only imagined can feel as vivid as a real في بعض الأحيان ، يمكن أن تُشبه إعادة عقولنا لشيء نتصوره فقط على أنها تجربة حقيقية

experience.

If you picture all the sights, smells, and sounds of a crime scene from someone's description, إذا قُمت بتصوير جميع المشاهد والروائح والأصوات في مسرح الجريمة من وصف شخص ما

you activate similar brain networks as if you had really been there. تقوم بتنشيط شبكات مماثلة في الدماغ كما لو كنت هناك بالفعل

The more you replay the scene in your mind, the more it feels like a real memory. كُلما أعدت عرض المشهد في ذهنك ، كلما شعرت وكأنه ذاكرة حقيقية 頭の中で再生すればするほど、そのシーンが本当の思い出のように感じられるのです。

That's why a detective who asks leading questions can inadvertently plant a false هذا هو السبب في أن المخبر الذي يسأل أسئلة رائدة يمكن أن يزرع ذاكرة زائفة في شاهد بطريقة غير مقصودة だからこそ、誘導尋問をする探偵は、不用意に偽の質問を仕掛けることができるのです。

memory in a witness.

We're able to remember a lot, but we forget even more. نحن قادرون على تذكر الكثير ، لكننا ننسى أكثر

Some forgetting just happens, but our brains also forget on purpose. بعض النسيان يحدث فقط ، ولكن أدمغتنا تنسى أيضا عن قصد

We have at least three different ways of forgetting. لدينا على الأقل ثلاث طرق مختلفة للنسيان

The first is what happens when a memory fades over time, so-called “passive oblivescence” الأول هو ما يحدث عندما تتلاشى الذاكرة بمرور الوقت ، ما يسمى بـ "النسيان السلبي" 1つ目は、時間の経過とともに記憶が薄れていく、いわゆる "受動的忘却 "が起こることです

(a term you will probably forget). (وهو مصطلح ربما ستنساه)

This may happen because the connections between brain cells gradually weaken over time; or قد يحدث هذا لأن الروابط بين خلايا العصبية تتدهور تدريجياً مع مرور الوقت

perhaps the memory is still there, but you might lose the triggers–sights, sounds, أو ربما ما زالت الذاكرة موجودة ، لكنك قد تفقد المشغلات - المشاهد ، الأصوات

smells–you need to retrieve it. الروائح - التي تحتاجها في عملية الإسترداد

Another idea says memories could theoretically last forever, but when the same neurons get هُناك فكرة أخرى تقول أن الذكريات يمكن نظريًا أن تستمر إلى الأبد ، ولكن عندما يتم استخدام نفس العصبونات

used in other memories, this “interference” disrupts the original memory. في ذكرياتٍ أخرى ، فإن هذا "التدخل" يُعطل الذاكرة الأصلية

This slow fade type of forgetting happens to all of us, eventually. هذا النوع البطيء من النسيان يحدث لنا جميعًا في النهاية Este tipo de esquecimento lento acontece a todos nós, eventualmente.

A second type of forgetting–targeted forgetting–happens at night while we sleep. النوع الثاني من النسيان - النسيان المُستهدف - يحدث في الليل بينما ننام Um segundo tipo de esquecimento - o esquecimento direcionado - ocorre durante a noite, enquanto dormimos.

This is when we clear out random, useless tidbits of information we've learned during هذا عندما نُزيل معلومات عشوائية وغير مجدية من المعلومات التي تعلمناها خلال É nesta altura que eliminamos informações aleatórias e inúteis que aprendemos durante

the day and erase outdated memories. اليوم ونمحو ذكريات عفا عليها الزمن

For example, if yesterday, you thought Earth was, say, a flat disk supported by three elephants, على سبيل المثال ، إذا اعتقدت يوم أمس أن الأرض كانت قرصًا مسطحًا مدعومًا بثلاثة أفيال

and today you learned that the Earth is round, your brain needs to purge one of these contradictory واليوم تعلمت أن الأرض مستديرة ، سيحتاج دماغك لتطهير واحدة

ideas - hopefully, the one about the elephants. من هذه الأفكار المتناقضة - نأمل ، أن تكون إحداها حول الأفيال

In certain stages of sleep, we trim and prune connections between cells and erase unneeded في مراحل معينة من النوم ، نقوم بترتيب وتشذيب الإتصالات بين الخلايا ومسح دارات الذاكرة غير الضرورية

memory circuits.

The third type of forgetting is motivated forgetting, something we all wish we could النوع الثالث من النسيان هو الحث للنسيان ، وهو أمر نتمناه جميعًا

do for one thing or another. أن نفعله لشيء أو لآخر

This is when a person intentionally suppresses unpleasant memories. هذا عندما يمنع شخص عمداً ذكريات غير سارة

Forgetting on purpose is a way to regulate our emotions and to focus on what needs to النسيان عن قصد هو وسيلة لتنظيم عواطفنا والتركيز على ما يجب القيام به

be done in the present, instead of getting lost in negative memories of the past. في الوقت الحاضر ، بدلاً من أن تضيع في ذكريات سلبية من الماضي

We may need motivated forgetting to maintain our self-image, to maintain confidence, to قد نحتاج إلى الحث على للنسيان للحفاظ على صورتنا الذاتية ، للحفاظ على الثقة

stay optimistic about the future, or to be able to maintain relationships with people لكي نبقى متفائلين بشأن المستقبل ، أو أن نكون قادرين على الحفاظ على العلاقات مع الأشخاص

who have hurt us. الذين ألحقوا الضرر بنا

We don't know exactly how motivated forgetting happens, but part of our brain seems to step لا نعرف بالضبط كيف يحدث النسيان المحفّز ، لكن جزءًا من دماغنا يبدو وكأنه يتدخل

in and block the troubling memory from being retrieved. ويمنع الذاكريات المزعجة من الاسترداد

So that even though it's still somewhere in our brain, eventually we can't find it. لذلك على الرغم من أنه لا يزال في مكان ما في دماغنا ، فإننا في النهاية لا نستطيع العثور عليه De modo que, aunque siga en algún lugar de nuestro cerebro, al final no lo encontramos.

Our brains have so many ways to forget because forgetting is one of the most important things أدمغتنا لديها العديد من الطرق للنسيان لأن النسيان هي واحدة من أهم الأشياء

we do. التي نقوم بها

Forgetting allows us to move past traumatic life events. النسيان يسمح لنا بتجاوز أحداث الحياة المؤلمة

In fact, PTSD may be a problem where someone simply remembers too much. في الواقع ، قد يكون اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة مشكلة حيث يتذكر شخص ما الكثير

Forgetting also allows us to clear out junk. يسمح لنا النسيان أيضًا بإزالة النفايات غير المرغوب فيها

Imagine every sight, sound, smell, and piece of information your brain processes every تخيل الكم الهائل من المشاهد والصوت والشم وقطع من المعلومات التي يُعالجها دماغك كل

day! يوم

If our brains didn't sweep out the garbage every night, we would soon overflow our neural إذا لم تمسح أدمغتنا القُمامة كل ليلة ، سرعان ما ستفيض

networks with random useless trivia, just like Sherlock Holmes predicted. شبكاتنا العصبية بتوافه عشوائية عديمة الفائدة ، تماماً كما تنبأ شيرلوك هولمز

We also wouldn't be able to replace things that are no longer true with better information لن نتمكن أيضًا من إستبدال الأشياء التي لم تعد صادقة باستخدام معلومات أفضل

and update our mental models of the world. وتحديث نماذجنا العقلية في العالم

Deep in the scientific literature we find stories of a handful of people who NEVER forget في أعماق المؤلفات العلمية ، نجد قصصاً عن حفنة من الناس الذين لا ينسون

anything. أي شيء

They are so rare that their unforgetfulness has a medical name: hyperthymesia. إنها ظاهرة نادرة للغاية لدرجة أن عدم نسيانهم لديه اسمًا طبيًا: فرط التذكر Ze zijn zo zeldzaam dat hun vergeetachtigheid een medische naam heeft: hyperthymesie.

The most famous case is Jill Price, an American woman now in her fifties. الحالة الأكثر شهرة هي جيل برايس ، وهي امرأة أمريكية في الخمسينات من عمرها

Starting from age 14, Jill's memory of her life is nearly perfect. اعتبارًا من عمر 14 عامًا ، كانت ذاكرة جيل من حياتها مثالية تقريبًا

For any date in the past, she remembers what she wore and had for lunch that day, key historical لأي تاريخ في الماضي ، تتذكر ما كانت ترتديه وتناولته لتناول طعام الغداء في ذلك اليوم ، الأحداث التاريخية الرئيسية

events that she paid attention to, and detailed incidents from her life. التي اهتمت بها ، والحوادث التفصيلية من حياتها

She describes memories playing in her mind in vivid detail like a video reel that has حيث تصف الذكريات التي تلعب في ذهنها بتفاصيل حية مثل شريط الفيديو Ela descreve memórias que passam na sua mente com detalhes vívidos, como um vídeo que

been enhanced with smells and emotions, whether the events occurred yesterday or decades ago. الذي تم تعزيزه بالروائح والعواطف ، سواء وقعت الأحداث بالأمس أو منذ عقود

This might sound like a blessing, especially if you're in school, but Jill has described قد يبدو هذا بمثابة نعمة ، خاصةً إذا كنت في المدرسة ،

being haunted by upsetting memories and by regrets, because unlike the rest of us, she لكن جيل وصفت بأنها تطاردها ذكريات تأسف وندم ، لأنها بخلاف بقيتنا

can clearly remember every choice she made and how it turned out. مكنها أن تتذكر بوضوح كل قرار صنعته وكيف اتضح

There's probably something you truly *want* to forget, like that extremely embarrassing ربما هناك شيء *تريده * حقاً أن تنساه ، مثل تلك اللحظة المحرجة للغاية

moment in high school that always seems to pop up at the worst times. في المدرسة الثانوية التي يبدو أنها تظهر في أسوأ الأوقات

Can we erase those unwanted memories somehow? هل يمكننا محو تلك الذكريات غير المرغوب فيها بطريقة ما؟

In an episode of House, MD, Dr. House treated a patient suffering from painful memories في حلقة منالمسلسل الدرامي الطبي House ، MD ، عالج دكتور هاوس مريضًا يعاني من ذكريات مؤلمة

by performing something called electroconvulsive therapy: controlled electric shocks to the من خلال إجراء شيء يسمى العلاج بالصدمات الكهربائية: الصدمات الكهربائية الخاضعة للرقابة للدماغ

brain.

People who undergo ECT do lose some memories – only not necessarily the ones they hope. الناس الذين خضعوا لتلقي العلاج بالصدمات الكهربائية يفقدون بعض الذكريات - ليس بالضرورة فقط هم الذين يأملون

When it comes to erasing memories in humans, our best tool still works like a hammer, not عندما يتعلق الأمر بمحو الذاكرة في البشر ، فإن أفضل أداة لدينا لا تزال تعمل مثل المطرقة ، وليس

a scalpel. بالمبضع

It's no accident that our ability to forget, like our ability to remember, is a complex ليس من قبيل المصادفة أن قدرتنا على النسيان ، مثل قدرتنا على التذكر

and finely-tuned mechanism. هي آلية معقدة ودقيقة

If humans couldn't remember and learn from important events, our species probably wouldn't إذا كان البشر لا يستطيعون التذكر والتعلم من الأحداث الهامة ، فمن المحتمل أن نوعنا لم يُكن سينجو

have survived.

But it seems that being able to forget is just as critical, an elementary part of solving لكن يبدو أن القدرة على النسيان هي بنفس القدر من الأهمية ،جزء أساسي من حل

this great mystery we call life. هذا اللغز العظيم الذي نسميه الحياة

Stay curious! ابقوا فضوليين

So you probably can't teach yourself to have perfect memory, and never forget anything. نفذ الترجمة : شوان حميد تويتر : shwan_hamid@

Not without a massive brain injury or something.

But is memorization really the best way to learn something?

Memorizing can definitely help you get started with a new concept.

However, truly understanding it requires much more - seeing how concepts are related to

each other, looking for different interpretations, dealing with new information.

These are the skills that will help you learn anything, and if you'd like to sharpen your

brain and develop these tools, then Brilliant could be the place to go for that.

Check out this Brilliant course on logic and deduction [screen recording] Bekijk deze Briljante cursus over logica en deductie [schermopname]

It's got fun and challenging riddles and mind-benders, broken up into bite size pieces, Het heeft leuke en uitdagende raadsels en hersenkrakers, opgedeeld in hapklare stukjes,

and they'll guide you through the problems until you're a Sherlock Holmes-level logical

thinker…

To support It's Okay To Be Smart and learn more about Brilliant, go to brilliant dot

org slash BESMART and sign up for free.

And also, the first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual Premium

subscription.