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Spotlight Broadcasts, Feeding Baby

Feeding Baby

Hello.

I'm Mike Procter. And I'm Elizabeth Lickiss. Welcome to Spotlight. This programme uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.

The baby needs feeding. But what sort of milk should the mother choose? Should she buy baby milk - or formula milk - from the store? She would buy it as dried milk. She would mix it with water. She would feed it to the baby in a bottle. This milk is balanced. It contains everything that the baby needs to give to grow. Or should she feed her baby with her own breast milk? It is free. Experts agree that it is an excellent, natural food for a baby. So what is best? What should the mother decide to do? Today's Spotlight programme looks at the issue of feeding a baby. Afua lives in Ghana. When her first baby was born she decided to use formula milk to feed her. Although it cost Afua a lot of money she believed the formula milk to be the modern, better way to feed a baby. The company selling the formula milk had given Afua information. The information told Afua about the excellent qualities of their formula milk. It would be good for her child. It would be best. So Afua fed her baby the formula. The baby girl seemed to grow well at first. But then, suddenly, she became very sick with diarrhoea. Afua took her baby to a doctor. But it was too late. The baby died.

This was a terrible time for Afua. Later, when she became pregnant again Afua went to her local doctors. At the doctors she met with Abiola Tilley-Gyado. Abiola is a health adviser for "Plan International". Plan International is a health organisation. It teaches that breast-feeding has a good influence on a child's future health. Abiola listened as Afua told her story. Abiola then advised Afua to breast-feed her next baby. Abiola said that the formula milk was good. But that breast-milk was even better. Breast milk can help protect the baby against conditions like diarrhoea. Breast milk contains small cells called antibodies. These antibodies come from the mother. The antibodies help protect the baby. They help the baby to fight infection. Formula milk does not have this protective quality. Abiola also explained that breast milk is able to change to meet a baby's growing needs. At first the milk contains a substance called colostrum. This substance is like water, but it contains many antibodies. It helps the very young baby fight disease. But as the child grows the breast milk changes its balance of molecules. The brain needs particular molecules to help it develop and grow - molecules such as fatty acids, lactose and amino acids. A baby fed on formula milk will grow fat but a breast fed baby will be generally healthier.

The World Health Organisation agrees with the work that Plan International and other groups do. They want to see more mothers breast-feed their babies. The World Health Organisation estimates that millions of babies die each year because they are not breast-fed. Diarrhoea is the main cause of death. Formula milk does not have the antibodies to help fight disease. But it also has another problem. It has to be mixed with water. It is not always possible for a mother to find a clean water supply. When the water is not safe, a baby fed on formula milk is twenty-five times more likely to die than a breast-fed baby. Clean water is very important.

All of this information was given to Afua. So what did she decide to do? Afua decided to breast-feed her second child. Breast-feeding does not completely protect a baby against disease. But a baby fed this way is more likely to develop well. This was true for Afua. Her baby boy survived. He has grown into a strong healthy child.

Maharaj Bhan is an expert on child development. She works for the "All India Institute of Medical Sciences". She understands that breast-feeding is best for most babies. Maharaj suggests that babies should be fed only breast milk for the first six months of life. After that the mother can give her baby other food as well as breast milk. Doing this for the first two years of a child's life means that they get the best food and health protection possible. Maharaj and many other experts agree that breast milk is best for most babies. But for some babies formula milk could be better. For example many experts are worried about babies born to HIV infected mothers. The HIV virus causes AIDS. Experts have noted that the breast milk of HIV mothers contains the virus. It is possible that the HIV virus could be passed from mother to child in breast milk. Experts are still researching the possible dangers. The United Nations group UNICEF has been looking at the research information. They suggest that HIV infected mothers talk to their doctors before choosing how to feed their babies.

But for the majority of women breast-feeding is possible. So why do so many women choose to use formula milk? Margaret Dale is an expert on child health. She has a lot of experience working in many different countries. Margaret believes that many mothers get the wrong idea. They get the idea that formula milk is best. Companies spend lots of money worldwide persuading mothers to choose their formula milk. Often mothers do not get a similar amount of information about breast-feeding.

Many governments across the world have accepted that breast-feeding is good for children. Some are now giving more money to provide information to new mothers. One such country is Brazil. The Brazilian government estimates that only eight per cent of women breast-feed their children for the first six months. They have asked famous Brazilian actress, Luiza Tome, to encourage mothers. She is beautiful and popular. Luiza is mother to twins, Luigi and Adriana. She breast-feeds her babies. She tells other mothers that breast milk is best. She shows them how easy it is. She tells them that it helps mothers to build a strong relationship with their babies. The Brazilian government hopes that she will be able to persuade the mothers of Brazil.

Margaret Dale would like to see more famous mothers like Luiza. They give breast-feeding a good image. This makes it easier for other mothers. It makes breast-feeding socially acceptable. Mothers need all the information, help and support possible early on. If breast-feeding is established it becomes easy. Most mothers who have breast fed one child go on to breast feed all their children. As Margaret says, keep your money. Breast-feeding is free, easy and best.

The writer and producer of today's programme was Elizabeth Lickiss. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom. Computer users can hear our programmes on our website at www.radio.english.net. This programme is called Feeding Baby. Thank you for joining us in today's Spotlight programme. Goodbye.

Feeding Baby Baby füttern Alimentar al bebé Nourrir le bébé Alimentazione del bambino 赤ちゃんへの授乳 아기에게 수유하기 Karmienie dziecka Alimentar o bebé Кормление ребенка Bebek Besleme Годування дитини 喂养宝宝 喂养宝宝

Hello.

I'm Mike Procter. And I'm Elizabeth Lickiss. Welcome to Spotlight. This programme uses a special English method of broadcasting. この番組は、英語の特別な放送方法を使用しています。 该节目采用特殊的英语广播方式。 It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. 世界のどこに住んでいても、人々は理解しやすいです。

The baby needs feeding. 赤ちゃんは授乳する必要があります。 O bebé precisa de ser alimentado. Em bé cần được cho ăn. But what sort of milk should the mother choose? しかし、母親はどのような種類のミルクを選ぶべきでしょうか？ Mas que tipo de leite deve a mãe escolher? Nhưng mẹ nên chọn loại sữa nào? Should she buy baby milk - or formula milk - from the store? 彼女は店から乳児用ミルク（または粉ミルク）を購入する必要がありますか？ Deverá ela comprar leite para bebés - ou leite em pó - na loja? She would buy it as dried milk. 彼女はそれを粉ミルクとして買うでしょう。 Ela comprava-o como leite seco. She would mix it with water. 彼女はそれを水と混ぜるでしょう。 Ela misturava-o com água. She would feed it to the baby in a bottle. Ela dava-o a comer ao bebé num biberão. This milk is balanced. Este leite é equilibrado. 这种牛奶很均衡。 It contains everything that the baby needs to give to grow. Contém tudo o que o bebé precisa para crescer. Or should she feed her baby with her own breast milk? Ou deve alimentar o bebé com o seu próprio leite materno? It is free. É gratuito. Experts agree that it is an excellent, natural food for a baby. Os especialistas concordam que se trata de um excelente alimento natural para um bebé. So what is best? Então, o que é melhor? What should the mother decide to do? O que é que a mãe deve decidir fazer? Today's Spotlight programme looks at the issue of feeding a baby. O programa Spotlight de hoje aborda a questão da alimentação de um bebé. Afua lives in Ghana. Afua vive no Gana. When her first baby was born she decided to use formula milk to feed her. Although it cost Afua a lot of money she believed the formula milk to be the modern, better way to feed a baby. The company selling the formula milk had given Afua information. A empresa que vende o leite em pó tinha dado informações à Afua. The information told Afua about the excellent qualities of their formula milk. It would be good for her child. It would be best. Seria melhor. So Afua fed her baby the formula. Por isso, Afua deu o leite em pó ao seu bebé. The baby girl seemed to grow well at first. A menina parecia crescer bem no início. But then, suddenly, she became very sick with diarrhoea. Mas, de repente, ficou muito doente com diarreia. Afua took her baby to a doctor. Afua levou o seu bebé ao médico. But it was too late. Mas já era demasiado tarde. The baby died. O bebé morreu.

This was a terrible time for Afua. Esta foi uma altura terrível para a Afua. Later, when she became pregnant again Afua went to her local doctors. Mais tarde, quando voltou a engravidar, Afua foi aos médicos locais. At the doctors she met with Abiola Tilley-Gyado. Nos médicos, encontrou-se com Abiola Tilley-Gyado. Abiola is a health adviser for "Plan International". Abiola é conselheiro de saúde da "Plan International". Abiola là cố vấn sức khỏe cho "Plan International". Plan International is a health organisation. A Plan International é uma organização de saúde. It teaches that breast-feeding has a good influence on a child's future health. Ensina que o aleitamento materno tem uma boa influência na saúde futura da criança. 它告诉我们，母乳喂养对孩子未来的健康有良好的影响。 Abiola listened as Afua told her story. Abiola then advised Afua to breast-feed her next baby. Abiola aconselhou então Afua a amamentar o seu próximo bebé. Abiola said that the formula milk was good. Abiola disse que o leite em pó era bom. But that breast-milk was even better. Mas o leite materno era ainda melhor. Breast milk can help protect the baby against conditions like diarrhoea. O leite materno pode ajudar a proteger o bebé contra doenças como a diarreia. Breast milk contains small cells called antibodies. O leite materno contém pequenas células chamadas anticorpos. These antibodies come from the mother. Estes anticorpos provêm da mãe. The antibodies help protect the baby. Os anticorpos ajudam a proteger o bebé. They help the baby to fight infection. Ajudam o bebé a combater as infecções. Formula milk does not have this protective quality. O leite de fórmula não tem esta qualidade protetora. 配方奶不具有这种保护作用。 Abiola also explained that breast milk is able to change to meet a baby's growing needs. Abiola explicou também que o leite materno é capaz de mudar para satisfazer as necessidades crescentes do bebé. Abiola cũng giải thích rằng sữa mẹ có thể thay đổi để đáp ứng nhu cầu ngày càng tăng của bé. At first the milk contains a substance called colostrum. No início, o leite contém uma substância chamada colostro. 起初，牛奶中含有一种称为初乳的物质。 This substance is like water, but it contains many antibodies. Esta substância é semelhante à água, mas contém muitos anticorpos. It helps the very young baby fight disease. Ajuda o bebé muito jovem a combater as doenças. But as the child grows the breast milk changes its balance of molecules. Mas à medida que a criança cresce, o leite materno altera o seu equilíbrio de moléculas. Nhưng khi trẻ lớn lên, sữa mẹ sẽ thay đổi sự cân bằng của các phân tử. The brain needs particular molecules to help it develop and grow - molecules such as fatty acids, lactose and amino acids. O cérebro precisa de moléculas específicas para o ajudar a desenvolver-se e a crescer - moléculas como os ácidos gordos, a lactose e os aminoácidos. 大脑需要特殊的分子来帮助其发育和成长，这些分子包括脂肪酸、乳糖和氨基酸。 A baby fed on formula milk will grow fat but a breast fed baby will be generally healthier. Um bebé alimentado com leite artificial engorda, mas um bebé alimentado com leite materno é geralmente mais saudável.

The World Health Organisation agrees with the work that Plan International and other groups do. A Organização Mundial de Saúde concorda com o trabalho desenvolvido pela Plan International e por outros grupos. They want to see more mothers breast-feed their babies. Querem que mais mães amamentem os seus bebés. The World Health Organisation estimates that millions of babies die each year because they are not breast-fed. A Organização Mundial de Saúde calcula que milhões de bebés morrem todos os anos por não serem amamentados. Diarrhoea is the main cause of death. A diarreia é a principal causa de morte. Formula milk does not have the antibodies to help fight disease. O leite de fórmula não contém os anticorpos que ajudam a combater as doenças. But it also has another problem. Mas também tem outro problema. It has to be mixed with water. Tem de ser misturado com água. It is not always possible for a mother to find a clean water supply. Nem sempre é possível para uma mãe encontrar uma fonte de água limpa. When the water is not safe, a baby fed on formula milk is twenty-five times more likely to die than a breast-fed baby. Quando a água não é segura, um bebé alimentado com leite artificial tem vinte e cinco vezes mais probabilidades de morrer do que um bebé amamentado. Khi nước không an toàn, trẻ bú sữa công thức có nguy cơ tử vong cao gấp 25 lần so với trẻ bú sữa mẹ. Clean water is very important. A água limpa é muito importante.

All of this information was given to Afua. Todas estas informações foram dadas a Afua. So what did she decide to do? Então, o que é que ela decidiu fazer? Afua decided to breast-feed her second child. Afua decidiu amamentar o seu segundo filho. Breast-feeding does not completely protect a baby against disease. O aleitamento materno não protege completamente o bebé contra as doenças. But a baby fed this way is more likely to develop well. Mas um bebé alimentado desta forma tem mais probabilidades de se desenvolver bem. This was true for Afua. Foi o que aconteceu com a Afua. Her baby boy survived. He has grown into a strong healthy child. Ele cresceu e tornou-se numa criança forte e saudável.

Maharaj Bhan is an expert on child development. Maharaj Bhan é um perito em desenvolvimento infantil. She works for the "All India Institute of Medical Sciences". Trabalha para o "All India Institute of Medical Sciences". She understands that breast-feeding is best for most babies. Ela compreende que a amamentação é o melhor para a maioria dos bebés. Maharaj suggests that babies should be fed only breast milk for the first six months of life. Maharaj sugere que os bebés sejam alimentados apenas com leite materno durante os primeiros seis meses de vida. After that the mother can give her baby other food as well as breast milk. Depois disso, a mãe pode dar ao seu bebé outros alimentos, para além do leite materno. Doing this for the first two years of a child's life means that they get the best food and health protection possible. Ao fazê-lo durante os dois primeiros anos de vida da criança, está a proporcionar-lhe a melhor proteção alimentar e sanitária possível. Làm điều này trong hai năm đầu đời của trẻ có nghĩa là trẻ sẽ nhận được thực phẩm và bảo vệ sức khỏe tốt nhất có thể. Maharaj and many other experts agree that breast milk is best for most babies. Maharaj e muitos outros especialistas concordam que o leite materno é o melhor para a maioria dos bebés. But for some babies formula milk could be better. Mas para alguns bebés o leite em pó pode ser melhor. For example many experts are worried about babies born to HIV infected mothers. Por exemplo, muitos especialistas estão preocupados com os bebés nascidos de mães infectadas com o VIH. The HIV virus causes AIDS. Experts have noted that the breast milk of HIV mothers contains the virus. Os peritos constataram que o leite materno das mães com VIH contém o vírus. It is possible that the HIV virus could be passed from mother to child in breast milk. Experts are still researching the possible dangers. Os especialistas ainda estão a investigar os possíveis perigos. The United Nations group UNICEF has been looking at the research information. O grupo das Nações Unidas UNICEF tem estado a analisar a informação da investigação. They suggest that HIV infected mothers talk to their doctors before choosing how to feed their babies. Sugerem que as mães infectadas pelo VIH falem com os seus médicos antes de escolherem a forma de alimentar os seus bebés.

But for the majority of women breast-feeding is possible. So why do so many women choose to use formula milk? Então, porque é que tantas mulheres optam por utilizar leite em pó? Margaret Dale is an expert on child health. Margaret Dale é uma especialista em saúde infantil. She has a lot of experience working in many different countries. Cô có nhiều kinh nghiệm làm việc ở nhiều quốc gia khác nhau. Margaret believes that many mothers get the wrong idea. Margaret acredita que muitas mães ficam com uma ideia errada. They get the idea that formula milk is best. Ficam com a ideia de que o leite em pó é o melhor. Companies spend lots of money worldwide persuading mothers to choose their formula milk. As empresas gastam muito dinheiro em todo o mundo para persuadir as mães a escolherem o seu leite artificial. Often mothers do not get a similar amount of information about breast-feeding. Muitas vezes, as mães não recebem a mesma quantidade de informação sobre amamentação. Thông thường các bà mẹ không nhận được lượng thông tin tương tự về việc cho con bú.

Many governments across the world have accepted that breast-feeding is good for children. Muitos governos em todo o mundo aceitaram que a amamentação é boa para as crianças. Some are now giving more money to provide information to new mothers. Alguns estão agora a dar mais dinheiro para fornecer informações às novas mães. One such country is Brazil. Um desses países é o Brasil. The Brazilian government estimates that only eight per cent of women breast-feed their children for the first six months. O governo brasileiro estima que apenas oito por cento das mulheres amamentam seus filhos nos primeiros seis meses. They have asked famous Brazilian actress, Luiza Tome, to encourage mothers. Pediram à famosa atriz brasileira Luiza Tomé que encorajasse as mães. She is beautiful and popular. Luiza is mother to twins, Luigi and Adriana. Luiza é mãe dos gémeos Luigi e Adriana. She breast-feeds her babies. She tells other mothers that breast milk is best. She shows them how easy it is. Ela mostra-lhes como é fácil. She tells them that it helps mothers to build a strong relationship with their babies. Ela diz-lhes que ajuda as mães a construir uma relação forte com os seus bebés. The Brazilian government hopes that she will be able to persuade the mothers of Brazil. O governo brasileiro espera que ela consiga persuadir as mães do Brasil.

Margaret Dale would like to see more famous mothers like Luiza. They give breast-feeding a good image. This makes it easier for other mothers. It makes breast-feeding socially acceptable. Nó làm cho việc cho con bú được xã hội chấp nhận. Mothers need all the information, help and support possible early on. If breast-feeding is established it becomes easy. إذا ثبت الرضاعة الطبيعية يصبح من السهل. Se a amamentação estiver estabelecida, torna-se fácil. Nếu việc cho con bú được thiết lập thì việc cho con bú trở nên dễ dàng. Most mothers who have breast fed one child go on to breast feed all their children. A maioria das mães que amamentaram um filho continuam a amamentar todos os seus filhos. As Margaret says, keep your money. Como diz a Margaret, guardem o vosso dinheiro. Breast-feeding is free, easy and best. O aleitamento materno é gratuito, fácil e o melhor.

The writer and producer of today's programme was Elizabeth Lickiss. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom. Computer users can hear our programmes on our website at www.radio.english.net. This programme is called Feeding Baby. Thank you for joining us in today's Spotlight programme. Goodbye.