Episode 280: The Tower of London [1] Folge 280: Der Tower von London [1] Episode 280: The Tower of London [1] Episodio 280: La Torre de Londres [1] Épisode 280 : La Tour de Londres [1] Episodio 280: La Torre di Londra [1] 第280話ロンドン塔 [1］ Odcinek 280: Tower of London [1] Episódio 280: A Torre de Londres [1] Эпизод 280: Лондонский Тауэр [1] 280. Bölüm Londra Kulesi [1] Епізод 280: Лондонський Тауер [1]. 第280集：伦敦塔[1]

Hello, hello hello, and welcome to English Learning for Curious Minds, by Leonardo English.

The show where you can listen to fascinating stories, and learn weird and L'émission où vous pouvez écouter des histoires fascinantes et apprendre des choses étranges et

wonderful things about the world at the same time as improving your English.

I'm Alastair Budge, and today we are going to be talking about the Tower of London. Jestem Alastair Budge, a dziś będziemy rozmawiać o Tower of London.

It is one of the most famous monuments in the UK, with almost 3 million visitors every year.

And its story, the story of the Tower of London is full of

gruesome tales of executions, torture and ghostly hauntings. حكايات مروعة عن إعدامات وتعذيب ومطاردات شبحية. histoires horribles d'exécutions, de tortures et de hantises fantomatiques.

Not only this, it is also home to the dazzling crown jewels of the United Kingdom, it ليس هذا فقط ، فهي أيضًا موطن جواهر التاج المبهرة في المملكة المتحدة Non seulement cela, il abrite également les éblouissants joyaux de la couronne du Royaume-Uni, il

is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and is actually the oldest standing building in London. هو أحد مواقع التراث العالمي لليونسكو ، وهو في الواقع أقدم مبنى قائم في لندن.

And today we are going to tell its amazing story.

Okay then, the Tower of London.

Our story starts just under 1,000 years ago, with

the arrival of a French Duke of Normandy to England. وصول دوق نورماندي الفرنسي إلى إنجلترا. the arrival of a French Duke of Normandy to England. прибуття французького герцога Нормандського до Англії.

His name was William, and he would later become William I, King Son nom était William, et il deviendra plus tard William Ier, roi

of England, after he invaded and conquered England in 1066. من إنجلترا ، بعد أن غزا وغزا إنجلترا عام 1066.

Upon his victory, William needed to secure his reign, his rule, over the English. عند فوزه ، احتاج ويليام إلى تأمين حكمه وحكمه على الإنجليز. Po zwycięstwie Wilhelm musiał zabezpieczyć swoje panowanie, swoje rządy, nad Anglikami.

As he feared an uprising against him, and he lacked the support of the people, he immediately خشي انتفاضة ضده ، وكان يفتقر إلى دعم الشعب ، فقام على الفور Comme il craignait un soulèvement contre lui et qu'il manquait de l'appui du peuple, il Ponieważ obawiał się powstania przeciwko niemu, a brakowało mu poparcia ludu, natychmiast Оскільки він боявся повстання проти нього і не мав підтримки народу, він негайно

ordered that the first fortifications be built on what is now the site of the Tower of London. أمر ببناء التحصينات الأولى على ما هو الآن موقع برج لندن. ordnete den Bau der ersten Befestigungen an der Stelle an, an der sich heute der Tower of London befindet. nakazał wybudowanie pierwszych fortyfikacji na terenie, na którym obecnie znajduje się Tower of London.

While London and the south of the country had surrendered to William, he Alors que Londres et le sud du pays s'étaient rendus à William, il Podczas gdy Londyn i południe kraju poddały się Wilhelmowi, on

did not have the people's loyalty yet, not everyone accepted him as king. n'avait pas encore la loyauté du peuple, tout le monde ne l'acceptait pas comme roi. nie miał jeszcze lojalności ludu, nie wszyscy zaakceptowali go jako króla.

What's more, the entire north of the country was still controlled De plus, tout le nord du pays était encore contrôlé

by English lords who were determined to fight back against him. 由決心反擊他的英國領主。

So to protect himself and to make a sign to the English people that he was not someone to be messed لذلك لحماية نفسه ولإعطاء إشارة للشعب الإنجليزي أنه ليس شخصًا يتم العبث به Alors pour se protéger et faire signe au peuple anglais qu'il n'était pas quelqu'un à salir Então, para se proteger e fazer um sinal para o povo inglês de que ele não era alguém para ser confundido 所以為了保護自己並向英國人表明他不是一個被搞砸的人

with, someone to rise up against, William I did what kings and queens have done for centuries. مع شخص يثور ضده ، فعل ويليام الأول ما فعله الملوك والملكات لقرون. avec, quelqu'un contre qui se soulever, Guillaume Ier a fait ce que les rois et les reines ont fait pendant des siècles. 威廉一世做了國王和王后幾個世紀以來所做的事情。

He decided to build an extremely secure fortress that

would send a clear message to the people of the country.

It would be built in a very different style, and

with very different materials to the rest of London.

At the time most buildings in London were made of wood

and fires were frequent, there were a lot of fires.

St Paul's Church, for example, the precursor to St Paul's Cathedral, burned down in 1087. Na przykład kościół św. Pawła, prekursor katedry św. Pawła, spłonął w 1087 roku.

William had grown up in Normandy, in northern France, نشأ ويليام في نورماندي في شمال فرنسا ، William dorastał w Normandii, w północnej Francji,

and he knew one material that wouldn't burn down.

Stone.

And in particular, a type of stone called “Caen stone”, a kind A w szczególności, rodzaj kamienia zwany "Caen stone", rodzaj

of light creamy stone from the city of Caen, in Northern France.

William, perhaps unsurprisingly, ordered for his new palace to be built in William, peut-être sans surprise, a ordonné la construction de son nouveau palais en Wilhelm, co nie było zaskoczeniem, kazał zbudować swój nowy pałac w Вільям, мабуть, не дивно, наказав побудувати свій новий палац

this white creamy stone, which was brought over from France specifically. cette pierre blanche crémeuse, qui a été importée de France spécifiquement. ten biały, kremowy kamień, który został specjalnie sprowadzony z Francji.

The site he chose stood on the remains of two Roman defensive walls, كان الموقع الذي اختاره قائمًا على أنقاض جدارين رومانيين دفاعيين ، Der von ihm gewählte Standort stand auf den Überresten zweier römischer Verteidigungsmauern, Le site qu'il a choisi se trouvait sur les vestiges de deux murs défensifs romains, Miejsce, które wybrał, stało na pozostałościach dwóch rzymskich murów obronnych,

which William would use to shore up his defences, to reinforce the fort. التي سيستخدمها ويليام لتدعيم دفاعاته ، لتقوية الحصن. 威廉會用它來支撐他的防禦，加固堡壘。

Around 1078, 12 years after the invasion, work began on what we recognise now as حوالي عام 1078 ، بعد 12 عامًا من الغزو ، بدأ العمل على ما نعرفه الآن Vers 1078, 12 ans après l'invasion, les travaux ont commencé sur ce que nous reconnaissons aujourd'hui comme

the White Tower, the most famous and oldest part of the Tower of London complex.

Just to clarify, today, when you hear someone talking about the Tower of

London, they normally mean the whole site which counts numerous buildings, Londyn, zwykle mają na myśli cały teren, który liczy liczne budynki,

not just the White Tower, but the White Tower is the main part of the Tower.

It is a square shape, 36 by 32 metres, and rises up 29 metres into the sky.

By modern standards, it's no skyscraper, but it was by far the tallest and most imposing وفقًا للمعايير الحديثة ، فهي ليست ناطحة سحاب ، لكنها كانت إلى حد بعيد الأطول والأكثر فرضًا Jak na dzisiejsze standardy, nie jest to drapacz chmur, ale był to zdecydowanie najwyższy i najbardziej imponujący 按照現代標準，它不是摩天大樓，但它是迄今為止最高、最壯觀的

non-religious building in the city, exactly as William The Conqueror intended it to be. нерелігійна будівля в місті, саме такою, якою її задумав Вільгельм Завойовник. 城市中的非宗教建築，完全符合征服者威廉的意圖。

Over the next several centuries, fortifications, defences, were added around the White Tower.

By the time of Edward I's reign in the 14th century, the

Tower of London boasted two defensive walls, plus a huge moat. يتميز برج لندن بجدارين دفاعيين ، بالإضافة إلى خندق ضخم. 倫敦塔擁有兩道防禦牆，外加一條巨大的護城河。

A moat is the defensive ditch that was dug around castles and often

filled with water, making it harder for invading soldiers to cross.

The Tower of London became England's strongest castle and it was home to

sumptuous Mediaeval royal apartments where the King and Queen could stay. شقق ملكية فخمة من العصور الوسطى حيث يمكن للملك والملكة الإقامة. wystawne średniowieczne apartamenty królewskie, w których mogli przebywać król i królowa.

Bear in mind that in mediaeval times, the monarch would frequently move between royal residences. ضع في اعتبارك أنه في العصور الوسطى ، كان الملك يتنقل كثيرًا بين المساكن الملكية. Gardez à l'esprit qu'à l'époque médiévale, le monarque se déplaçait fréquemment entre les résidences royales. Należy pamiętać, że w średniowieczu monarcha często przemieszczał się między królewskimi rezydencjami.

Although a place called Westminster Palace was the main royal palace, the Tower of Chociaż miejsce zwane Westminster Palace było głównym pałacem królewskim, Tower of

London was also an important residence for the monarch to stay in, especially in times

of crisis, when the king or queen needed somewhere where they knew they would be safe. de crise, lorsque le roi ou la reine avait besoin d'un endroit où ils savaient qu'ils seraient en sécurité.

The Tower continued to be used as a royal residence right up until the time of the La Tour a continué à être utilisée comme résidence royale jusqu'à l'époque de la 該塔一直被用作皇家住所，直到

Tudors, the period from 1485-1603, although it was still common for the monarch,

the king or queen, to occasionally stay there in later years for ceremonial reasons.

But when people think of The Tower of London, it isn't normally thought of as a “royal palace”. Mais quand les gens pensent à la Tour de Londres, on ne la considère généralement pas comme un « palais royal ».

It's most famous for being the place where enemies of the state were held, and then executed. Il est surtout connu pour être le lieu où les ennemis de l'État étaient détenus puis exécutés. Najbardziej znany jest z tego, że był miejscem, gdzie przetrzymywano wrogów państwa, a następnie dokonywano egzekucji.

While the Tower had also been used to house prisoners from as early on as 1100, Chociaż Tower była również używana do przetrzymywania więźniów już od 1100 roku, Embora a Torre também tenha sido usada para abrigar prisioneiros desde 1100, Хотя Башня также использовалась для размещения заключенных еще с 1100 года,

it wasn't until the Middle Ages that it really became a prison in its own right. 直到中世紀，它才真正成為了自己的監獄。

Prisoners in the Tower of London were most often political prisoners.

While there were lots of other prisons in London, the

Tower of London was the most secure prison in the country.

For this reason it was used for prisoners who were considered to pose Z tego powodu był on stosowany w przypadku więźniów, którzy byli uważani za stwarzających

a threat to national security or those who had been accused of treason.

Members of powerful noble families who fell out of grace with Członkowie potężnych rodzin szlacheckich, którzy wypadli z łask z Güçlü soylu ailelerin üyeleri, bu ailelerin gözünden düşmüşlerdir. 失寵的權貴貴族

the monarch would all too often end up being locked in the Tower. le monarque finirait trop souvent par être enfermé dans la Tour.

And, as you might imagine, if you are a political prisoner who has got on the wrong Et, comme vous pouvez l'imaginer, si vous êtes un prisonnier politique qui s'est trompé

side of the king or queen, there is normally only one way you get “out of prison”. du côté du roi ou de la reine, il n'y a normalement qu'un seul moyen de sortir de prison.

I don't mean you were set free to go off and live your life elsewhere, Je ne veux pas dire que tu étais libre de partir et de vivre ta vie ailleurs, Nie chodzi mi o to, że zostałeś uwolniony, aby odejść i żyć swoim życiem gdzie indziej,

oh no, English kings and queens weren't usually so forgiving.

The journey of a political prisoner at the Tower of London would normally end in a public execution.

If the prisoner was a high ranking noble or had a lot of supporters, Jeśli więzień był wysoko postawionym szlachcicem lub miał wielu zwolenników,

they might be executed at Tower Green within the Tower of London itself. ils pourraient être exécutés à Tower Green dans la tour de Londres elle-même.

If the prisoner was not a noble, if they were a high-profile Si le prisonnier n'était pas un noble, s'il s'agissait d'un personnage en vue Jeśli więzień nie był szlachcicem, jeśli był wysoko postawionym 如果囚犯不是貴族，如果他們是高調

rebel, for example, they would be killed in front of a large crowd. المتمردون ، على سبيل المثال ، سيُقتلون أمام حشد كبير. rebeliant, na przykład, zostałby zabity na oczach dużego tłumu.

Executions in front of the masses took place at Tower Hill just a

little to the northwest of the Tower outside of the main compound.

By the 16th and 17th centuries, the Tower of London had become

the most important and the most feared prison in the country. la prison la plus importante et la plus redoutée du pays.

So much so, that the phrase “being sent to the Tower” has become A tel point que l'expression "être envoyé à la Tour" est devenue Tak bardzo, że zwrot "bycie wysłanym do Wieży" stał się 如此之多，以至於“被送到塔樓”這句話變成了

another way of saying being imprisoned, being put in prison, even today. طريقة أخرى للقول بأنك مسجون ، أو أن يتم سجنك ، حتى اليوم. inny sposób na powiedzenie, że jest się uwięzionym, że jest się w więzieniu, nawet dzisiaj.

Now, you've probably heard of a lot of the prisoners who either spent

time imprisoned in the Tower, or who ended up being executed there.

William Wallace, the famous Scottish freedom fighter, was a William Wallace, le célèbre combattant de la liberté écossais, était un

prisoner in the Tower before being brutally executed in 1305. سجين في البرج قبل إعدامه بوحشية عام 1305.

Guy Fawkes, the English conspirator who unsuccessfully attempted to blow up the جاي فوكس ، المتآمر الإنجليزي الذي حاول دون جدوى تفجير Guy Fawkes, le conspirateur anglais qui a tenté en vain de faire sauter le Guy Fawkes - angielski konspirator, który bezskutecznie próbował wysadzić w powietrze

Houses of Parliament in 1605, was also imprisoned in the Tower of London and

subjected to excruciating torture in an attempt to make him say who else helped him. تعرض للتعذيب المبرح في محاولة لجعله يقول من ساعده غيره. poddawani ekscytującym torturom, próbując zmusić go do powiedzenia, kto jeszcze mu pomagał.

Henry the VIII imprisoned two of his queens, Anne Boleyn and Henri VIII fit emprisonner deux de ses reines, Anne Boleyn et

Catherine Howard, in the Tower, before having them executed. Catherine Howard, dans la Tour, avant de les faire exécuter.

His daughter Elizabeth I would also spend a spell in the Tower before becoming queen. Seine Tochter Elizabeth I. verbrachte ebenfalls einen Zauber im Turm, bevor sie Königin wurde. Sa fille Elizabeth I passerait également un séjour dans la Tour avant de devenir reine. Jego córka Elżbieta I również spędziła czas w Tower, zanim została królową. Его дочь Елизавета I также провела некоторое время в Тауэре, прежде чем стать королевой. 他的女兒伊麗莎白一世在成為女王之前也會在塔里度過一段時間。

On a side note, we do actually have episodes on William Wallace, on Na marginesie, faktycznie mamy odcinki o Williamie Wallace, na 順便說一句，我們確實有關於威廉華萊士的劇集，在

Guy Fawkes and on the wives of Henry VIII, so if you haven't listened Guy Fawkes et sur les épouses d'Henri VIII, donc si vous n'avez pas écouté Guy Fawkes i o żonach Henryka VIII, więc jeśli nie słuchaliście Гая Фокса и жен Генриха VIII, так что если вы не слушали

to those and you weren't aware that they existed, well they do. к тем, и вы не знали, что они существуют, ну они есть.

But The Tower of London wasn't just for notable rebels or out-of-favour wives. لكن برج لندن لم يكن مخصصًا للمتمردين البارزين أو الزوجات غير المحظوظين فقط. Ale Tower of London nie było tylko dla znanych buntowników czy nielubianych żon. Mas a Torre de Londres não era apenas para rebeldes notáveis ou esposas desfavorecidas.

In the late 15th century the Tower is thought to have become the À la fin du XVe siècle, on pense que la tour est devenue le Uważa się, że pod koniec XV wieku Tower stała się No final do século XV, acredita-se que a Torre tenha se tornado o

final gruesome resting place for two young boys, two royal princes. dernier lieu de repos macabre pour deux jeunes garçons, deux princes royaux. ostatnie makabryczne miejsce spoczynku dwóch młodych chłopców, dwóch królewskich książąt. lugar de descanso final horrível para dois meninos, dois príncipes reais. 兩個小男孩，兩個皇室王子的最後一個可怕的安息地。

After their father, King Edward IV, died unexpectedly from illness, his

12-year-old and 9-year-old sons were kept in the Tower of London on the

orders of their Uncle Richard, a man who would later become King Richard III.

Their uncle kept them in the tower supposedly for their own protection, Leur oncle les gardait dans la tour soi-disant pour leur propre protection, 他們的叔叔把他們關在塔里據說是為了保護自己，

until the 12-year-old prince was old enough to become king, but the boys jusqu'à ce que le prince de 12 ans soit assez vieux pour devenir roi, mais les garçons

mysteriously disappeared, and their uncle Richard became king instead.

It has always been assumed that they were murdered as they were never seen On a toujours supposé qu'ils avaient été assassinés car ils n'ont jamais été vus

alive after they were sent to the Tower, supposedly "for their own safety”. 他們被送到塔樓後還活著，據說是“為了他們自己的安全”。

In 1674, however, two skeletons that would fit the age of the princes were 然而，在 1674 年，兩具適合王子時代的骷髏被

found buried under the staircase in the White Tower of the Tower of London.

The Tower was used less and less as a prison going into the 19th and

20th centuries, although Rudolf Hess, Hilter's second in command, 20世紀，雖然魯道夫赫斯，希爾特的二把手，

was imprisoned there during World War II as the last state prisoner.

The last person to be executed in the Tower, in fact, was a Nazi spy

called Josef Jakobs who had parachuted into Britain, was discovered, sent appelé Josef Jakobs qui avait parachuté en Grande-Bretagne, a été découvert, envoyé

to the Tower of London and was killed by a military firing squad in 1941. do Tower of London i został zabity przez wojskowy pluton egzekucyjny w 1941 roku. 到倫敦塔，1941年被軍隊行刑隊殺害。

In a strange twist of fate, the Tower of London's very Par une étrange tournure du destin, la tour de Londres est très Em uma estranha reviravolta do destino, a própria Torre de Londres

last prisoners were the infamous Kray twins in 1952. les derniers prisonniers étaient les tristement célèbres jumeaux Kray en 1952. ostatnimi więźniami byli niesławni bliźniacy Kray w 1952 roku. últimos prisioneiros foram os infames gêmeos Kray em 1952.

They were only in the Tower for a few days after failing Они были в Башне всего несколько дней после провала.

to report for National Service, for military service. явиться на национальную службу, на военную службу.

They were released, and the twins would go on to become London's most feared gangsters. Ils ont été libérés et les jumeaux sont devenus les gangsters les plus redoutés de Londres. 他們被釋放了，這對雙胞胎將繼續成為倫敦最可怕的黑幫。

If you'd like to learn more about the Krays and their murderous

life of crime, by the way, you can listen to episode number 223.

Today, if you visit the Tower of London you'll see this amazing castle steeped in history, but 今天，如果您參觀倫敦塔，您會看到這座歷史悠久的令人驚嘆的城堡，但

you will also see some slightly strangely dressed men and women, men and women normally wearing zobaczysz też nieco dziwnie ubranych mężczyzn i kobiety, mężczyzn i kobiety normalnie ubranych

bright red clothes, a big black hat, and occasionally carrying a black bird in their hand.

These people are called “Beefeaters”, and no story about Ci ludzie są nazywani "Beefeaters", i żadna historia o 這些人被稱為“Beefeaters”，沒有關於

The Tower of London would be complete without them.

They aren't officially called “Beefeaters”.

They are called The Yeomen Warders, and they can trace their history back Ils s'appellent The Yeomen Warders, et ils peuvent retracer leur histoire Nazywają się Yeomen Warders i mogą prześledzić swoją historię. Eles são chamados de Yeomen Warders e podem rastrear sua história até

to Henry VII when he created this regiment as a sort of personal bodyguard.

Why they are called “beefeaters” is a subject of debate.

Some say it comes from the French, “Buffetier”, which is an old French word for a waiter or servant.

Others say it comes because part of their salary was paid in beef.

In any case, the Yeoman Warders, or rather the Beefeaters, continue to this W każdym razie, Yeoman Warders, a raczej Beefeaters, kontynuują to.

day, and act as sort of ceremonial guards of the Tower and guides to tourists.

The Beefeaters still wear the same uniform as they did in Tudor times

and they live within the Tower complex, often joined by their families. 他們住在塔樓內，經常有家人加入。

In the past, being a Beefeater could be passed down from father to son, but today, you Autrefois, être un Beefeater se transmettait de père en fils, mais aujourd'hui, vous

have to have been in the British armed forces for at least 22 years and with at least avoir été dans les forces armées britanniques pendant au moins 22 ans et avec au moins

the rank of an officer and have been awarded the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. stopień oficerski i zostali odznaczeni Medalem za Długoletnią Służbę i Dobre Sprawowanie. 軍官的軍銜，並被授予長期服務和良好行為獎章。

And contrary to popular belief, there are female Beefeaters too. 與流行的看法相反，也有女性Beefeaters。

The role is traditionally held by men, but there have been three female

beefeaters, including a lady called Moira Cameron, who is currently in the role. Beefeater, darunter eine Dame namens Moira Cameron, die derzeit in der Rolle ist.

Aside from living in the Tower of London, the Beefeaters also have another very

special perk - their very own personal Tower of London pub called The Keys. avantage spécial - leur propre pub personnel de la Tour de Londres appelé The Keys. 特別福利 - 他們自己的倫敦塔酒吧，名為 The Keys。

Not only is the pub private to Yeomen Warders only, it also sells two 這家酒吧不僅是 Yeomen Warders 的私人酒吧，它還出售兩個

exclusive craft beers that are brewed just for them, with of course, the widely des bières artisanales exclusives qui sont brassées juste pour eux, avec bien sûr, le large 專為他們釀造的獨家精釀啤酒，當然還有廣為人知的

available Beefeater gin, of which they receive a bottle for their birthday. 可用的 Beefeater 杜松子酒，他們會收到一瓶作為生日禮物。

The beefeaters are also responsible for the ravens of the Tower of London.

Ravens, by the way, are the large black birds that are prized for Soit dit en passant, les corbeaux sont les grands oiseaux noirs prisés pour 順便說一句，烏鴉是被珍視的大型黑鳥

their intelligence and their ability to mimic, to copy, human voices. leur intelligence et leur capacité à imiter, à copier, les voix humaines. 他們的智慧和模仿、複製人類聲音的能力。

They look a bit like big crows. Wyglądają trochę jak wielkie wrony.