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MAGOOSH ENGLISH, Adjectives

Adjectives

In this lesson, we are going to talk about the adjective. The adjective describes a person, a place or a thing. Therefore, you know that a adjective describes a noun because we remember that a person, a place or a thing is a noun. So therefore, again, the adjective describes a noun. So let's take a look here. In front of me, you should not say, oh look, boy is an adjective, or school is an adjective. No, what I've done is I've come up with two nouns. Remember, person, place or things are both nouns. School is a place. A boy is a person.

So, why have I put them here? Because we, starting with boy, are going to describe them. The boy could be happy. The boy could be sad. The boy could be calm. The boy could be anxious.

All of these words are describing him, possible, and therefore, because they're describing him, these words here starting with happy, ending with anxious over here, these words are adjectives. Now let's take a look at school. School could be fun. School is fun.

That word fun is describing school, so therefore fun is an adjective. How else could you describe school? Well, maybe school is difficult for various reasons. But remember, as long as this word is describing, can be used to describe something, it is an adjective.

So school can be fun, school can be difficult, or school can just seem like it goes on forever. School is long, never seems to end. So again, these words here are all adjectives describing in this case the noun boy up here with these guys, and down here school with these guys. Okay.

So hopefully, you got it now. You know that words that describe nouns are adjectives, because what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna throw three sentences at you. Uh-oh. We have nouns, verbs and adjectives. And we're looking for the adjective. It's always a good idea, though, to look for the noun because we know that the adjective describes the noun. Therefore, the noun helps. Now, this is a noun. Put an N underneath it. What words in the sentence describe the house?

The words dark and quiet. And therefore, they are adjectives. Notice that there are two adjectives because just like the boy from the preceding slide, we saw that the boy could be all of these things. Here, the house is just two things, but again, when we describe something, we can use one adjective or we could use many.

Now let's look at the next one here, B, where it says, The big dog barked at the scary man. So when we're looking for adjectives, we wanna identify where are the nouns. The first noun I see, the thing is the dog. There's a noun. Now, does any word describe that dog?

If you go over here and say, well, barked. Is a dog a barked? Well, that dog is barked. No, not at all, because a dog, because barked is something that the dog is doing and is therefore a verb. But let's take a look at that word big, the big dog. Notice big comes before the noun, and it describes the noun dog. Big is an adjective. Is that the only one? Is there another noun somewhere here? What about scary? Is scary a noun?

Is it a thing? Oh look, it is a scary. No of course not, because it is not a thing. The thing here is the man. The man is the noun. Now, how is the man being described?

He's scary. So, scary is an adjective. So, we can have a sentence with many nouns. Any one of those nouns can have an adjective. And then we go to C, Mary was hungry and was hoping to eat some nutritious food. So, what word describes the noun?

The first noun here, hun, Mary. Mary is what? Well, Mary is being described as hungry, so hungry is an adjective. Was hoping to eat some nutritious food. What does the word nutritious mean? Nutritious means full of nutrients, and it's describing what? The food, which is a noun. Therefore, nutritious is an adjective. Now, one final thing before I leave us here, and this is something we'll talk about more later and we'll see lots more of. But where does the adjective come? Because sometimes it comes, in the case of B, right before the noun.

The big dog. Other times, in the case of A, it comes after the noun. And so in English, there's sometimes certain verbs, such as was or is, to be verbs. And this one is the past tense, was the past tense of is. And so when you're describing something, you can say it was adjective. Whatever adjective you want to come up with, that is fine. Or you could say, the dark house. And now, the word dark comes before house. You do not need the verb was if the adjective comes before the noun, the way that big comes here. However, if you just have the word the dark house or the words the dark house, that is not an actual sentence.

And I'm gonna stop there because learning about sentences and fragments is gonna come in the next series of videos. But for now, from this video we know an adjective describes a noun.


Adjectives Adjektive Adjectives Adjetivos Adjectifs Aggettivi 形容詞 형용사 Przymiotniki Adjectivos Прилагательные Sıfatlar Прикметники 形容词 形容词

In this lesson, we are going to talk about the adjective. На цьому уроці ми поговоримо про прикметник. The adjective describes a person, a place or a thing. Прикметник описує людину, місце чи річ. Therefore, you know that a adjective describes a noun because we remember that a person, a place or a thing is a noun. Proto víte, že přídavné jméno popisuje podstatné jméno, protože si pamatujeme, že osoba, místo nebo věc je podstatné jméno. Bu nedenle, bir sıfatın bir ismi tarif ettiğini biliyorsunuz çünkü bir kişinin, bir yerin veya bir şeyin bir isim olduğunu hatırlıyoruz. Тому ви знаєте, що прикметник описує іменник, тому що ми пам’ятаємо, що людина, місце чи річ є іменником. So therefore, again, the adjective describes a noun. Takže opět přídavné jméno popisuje podstatné jméno. Отже, знову ж таки, прикметник описує іменник. So let's take a look here. Pojďme se tedy podívat sem. Тож давайте подивимося сюди. In front of me, you should not say, oh look, boy is an adjective, or school is an adjective. Přede mnou bys neměl říkat, hele, kluk je přídavné jméno nebo škola je přídavné jméno. Переді мною не треба казати, ой дивись, хлопчик — прикметник, чи школа — прикметник. No, what I've done is I've come up with two nouns. Ne, to, co jsem udělal, je, že jsem přišel se dvěma podstatnými jmény. Ні, я придумав два іменника. Remember, person, place or things are both nouns. Pamatujte, že osoba, místo nebo věci jsou podstatná jména. Пам’ятайте, що людина, місце чи речі – обидва іменники. School is a place. A boy is a person.

So, why have I put them here? Tak proč jsem je sem dal? Так чому я їх тут помістив? Because we, starting with boy, are going to describe them. Тому що ми, починаючи з хлопчика, збираємося їх описати. The boy could be happy. Chlapec mohl být šťastný. Хлопчик міг бути щасливим. The boy could be sad. Chlapec mohl být smutný. The boy could be calm. Chlapec mohl být v klidu. Хлопчик міг бути спокійним. The boy could be anxious. Chlapec mohl být nervózní. Хлопчик міг хвилюватися.

All of these words are describing him, possible, and therefore, because they're describing him, these words here starting with happy, ending with anxious over here, these words are adjectives. Всі ці слова описують його, можливо, і тому, оскільки вони описують його, ці слова тут починаються на щасливий, закінчуючи тривожним, тут ці слова є прикметниками. Now let's take a look at school. Nyní se podíváme do školy. А тепер поглянемо на школу. School could be fun. Škola může být zábava. Школа може бути веселою. School is fun. Škola je zábava. У школі весело.

That word fun is describing school, so therefore fun is an adjective. Це слово весело описує школу, тому весело є прикметником. How else could you describe school? Jak jinak bys mohla popsat školu? Як інакше можна описати школу? Well, maybe school is difficult for various reasons. No, možná je škola z různých důvodů obtížná. Ну, можливо, у школі важко з різних причин. But remember, as long as this word is describing, can be used to describe something, it is an adjective. Але пам’ятайте, поки це слово описує, може використовуватися для опису чогось, воно є прикметником.

So school can be fun, school can be difficult, or school can just seem like it goes on forever. Takže škola může být zábavná, škola může být těžká nebo se může zdát, že škola trvá věčně. Отже, школа може бути веселою, школа може бути важкою, або може здаватися, що вона триває вічно. School is long, never seems to end. Škola je dlouhá, zdá se, že nikdy nekončí. Школа довга, здається, що ніколи не закінчується. So again, these words here are all adjectives describing in this case the noun boy up here with these guys, and down here school with these guys. Takže znovu, všechna tato slova zde jsou všechna přídavná jména popisující v tomto případě podstatné jméno chlapec tady nahoře s těmito kluky a tady dole škola s těmito kluky. Знову ж таки, усі ці слова тут є прикметниками, що описують у даному відмінку іменник хлопчик тут з цими хлопцями, а тут внизу школа з цими хлопцями. Okay. Гаразд.

So hopefully, you got it now. Tak doufám, že už to máš. Тож, сподіваюся, зараз ви це зрозуміли. You know that words that describe nouns are adjectives, because what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna throw three sentences at you. Ви знаєте, що слова, які описують іменники, є прикметниками, тому що я збираюся кинути вам три речення. Uh-oh. Ой-ой. We have nouns, verbs and adjectives. У нас є іменники, дієслова та прикметники. And we're looking for the adjective. A hledáme přídavné jméno. It's always a good idea, though, to look for the noun because we know that the adjective describes the noun. Проте завжди добре шукати іменник, тому що ми знаємо, що прикметник описує іменник. Therefore, the noun helps. Тому іменник допомагає. Now, this is a noun. Тепер це іменник. Put an N underneath it. Dejte pod něj N. Поставте під ним N. What words in the sentence describe the house?

The words dark and quiet. Slova temná a tichá. Слова темні й тихі. And therefore, they are adjectives. Notice that there are two adjectives because just like the boy from the preceding slide, we saw that the boy could be all of these things. Зверніть увагу, що є два прикметники, тому що, як і хлопчик з попереднього слайду, ми побачили, що хлопчик може бути всіма цими речами. Here, the house is just two things, but again, when we describe something, we can use one adjective or we could use many. Тут будинок — це лише дві речі, але знову ж таки, коли ми щось описуємо, ми можемо використовувати один прикметник або багато.

Now let's look at the next one here, B, where it says, The big dog barked at the scary man. Тепер давайте подивимося на наступне тут, B, де написано: Великий пес гавкав на страшного чоловіка. So when we're looking for adjectives, we wanna identify where are the nouns. Тому, коли ми шукаємо прикметники, ми хочемо визначити, де знаходяться іменники. The first noun I see, the thing is the dog. Перший іменник, який я бачу, це собака. There's a noun. Now, does any word describe that dog?

If you go over here and say, well, barked. Якщо ви підете сюди і скажете: добре, гавкав. Is a dog a barked? Собака гавкає? Well, that dog is barked. No, not at all, because a dog, because barked is something that the dog is doing and is therefore a verb. But let's take a look at that word big, the big dog. Notice big comes before the noun, and it describes the noun dog. Big is an adjective. Is that the only one? Це єдиний? Is there another noun somewhere here? Чи є тут десь інший іменник? What about scary? А як страшно? Is scary a noun?

Is it a thing? Oh look, it is a scary. Ой, дивіться, це страшно. No of course not, because it is not a thing. The thing here is the man. The man is the noun. Now, how is the man being described? Тепер, як описують цю людину?

He's scary. So, scary is an adjective. So, we can have a sentence with many nouns. Отже, ми можемо мати речення з багатьма іменниками. Any one of those nouns can have an adjective. And then we go to C, Mary was hungry and was hoping to eat some nutritious food. А потім ми йдемо в C, Мері була голодна і сподівалася з’їсти поживну їжу. So, what word describes the noun? Отже, яке слово описує іменник?

The first noun here, hun, Mary. Перший іменник тут, hun, Mary. Mary is what? Well, Mary is being described as hungry, so hungry is an adjective. Was hoping to eat some nutritious food. Сподівався з’їсти поживну їжу. What does the word nutritious mean? Що означає слово поживний? Nutritious means full of nutrients, and it's describing what? Поживний означає повний поживних речовин, і що це описує? The food, which is a noun. Їжа, яка є іменником. Therefore, nutritious is an adjective. Now, one final thing before I leave us here, and this is something we'll talk about more later and we'll see lots more of. Тепер, остання річ, перш ніж я покину нас тут, і це те, про що ми більше поговоримо пізніше, і ми побачимо ще багато чого. But where does the adjective come? Але звідки походить прикметник? Because sometimes it comes, in the case of B, right before the noun. Тому що іноді він стоїть, у випадку B, прямо перед іменником.

The big dog. Other times, in the case of A, it comes after the noun. В інших випадках, у випадку A, він стоїть після іменника. And so in English, there's sometimes certain verbs, such as was or is, to be verbs. І тому в англійській мові іноді існують певні дієслова, наприклад was або is, to be дієслова. And this one is the past tense, was the past tense of is. І це один минулий час, був минулий час is. And so when you're describing something, you can say it was adjective. І тому, коли ви щось описуєте, ви можете сказати, що це був прикметник. Whatever adjective you want to come up with, that is fine. Який би прикметник ви не хотіли придумати, це добре. Or you could say, the dark house. Або можна сказати, темний будинок. And now, the word dark comes before house. You do not need the verb was if the adjective comes before the noun, the way that big comes here. Вам не потрібне дієслово was, якщо прикметник стоїть перед іменником, так, як цей великий приходить сюди. However, if you just have the word the dark house or the words the dark house, that is not an actual sentence. Однак, якщо у вас є просто слово «темний будинок» або слова «темний будинок», це не справжнє речення.

And I'm gonna stop there because learning about sentences and fragments is gonna come in the next series of videos. І я збираюся зупинитися на цьому, тому що вивчення речень і фрагментів буде відбуватися в наступній серії відео. But for now, from this video we know an adjective describes a noun. Але наразі з цього відео ми знаємо, що прикметник описує іменник.