I'm speaking English, but I'm thinking in Italian.
Not every student wants to speak a language fluently.
You know, nice to hear that, but I completely disagree with you.
Hi, Luca.
Hi, Steve.
So today I have a special guest, Luca Lampariello.
We're not the gang of four, we're the gang of many, the sort of polyglot community
that often gets together at these meetings or communicate, you know, online, and
we all have this in common that we're very interested in learning languages.
And we're going to get into a lot of subjects related to language
learning, related to Luca's background.
But I should say that Luca, who by the way, has kindly sent me a copy of
his book about language learning, who has a variety of personal experiences
and practical advice on language learning, which we will get into.
But in my opinion, in terms of Being able to speak the largest number of
languages with the least evident non native accent, you're right up there.
Okay.
You're absolutely right up there.
I'm blushing right now.
It's amazing, amazing, amazing.
So, typically, Italians are not considered your arch type.
Polyglot, nor are the Brits or North Americans or, you
know, Japanese for that matter.
So could you tell us a little bit about your background?
Obviously grew up in a monolingual, uh, Italian speaking family
environment, neighbors, what were some of the steps that led you to
become this very proficient polyglot?
How much time do we have?
I'm kidding.
Yeah, I'll make, I'll try to make it very brief at the age of 10, I was learning
English and French in middle school and I was not very good at it or at them.
But then my parents decided to hire Susan, my teacher, my American
teacher from Chicago, and as I said, in the, in the other videos
that were recorded for my channel, she inspired me more than anything.
It's not just the instructions.
It's not about the fact that she was very eager to create material
that asks, for example, recording videotapes and movies, But it was
her enthusiasm and her belief in me.
She started believing in me and I started believing in myself, which
is very important as a language learner, because at that moment,
um, that time I hadn't learned any language to any degree of fluency.
And when you haven't accomplished something, we haven't, acquired a skill
yet, you're not sure you can do it.
It's like riding a bike or dancing or swimming.
You always have this nagging thought that you can't actually do it.
And this is probably a nagging thought that a lot of people have
when it comes to, can I really get fluent in that language?
Looks like a dream.
So I think that Was something that really was a game changer
for me because I realized I can actually learn this language.
And I remember that at the age of 12, I could barely string a sentence together.
I had a horrible accent.
I used to, I still remember, I, I think I wrote it in the book as well.
I used to pronounce enough as enough, because as you know,
notoriously, it makes sense.
It makes sense.
You read as you, as you speak in Italian.
And the amazing thing is that after two years, I just went to Ireland
because my parents sent me to, you know, back in the day, three weeks to
learn, to improve, perfect my English.
And I still remember that the father, you know, the Hulse family, he came to
the airport and he started speaking.
He said, why are you here?
You're American.
What were you doing here?
And I was so proud that people were thinking, he thinks I'm American, even
if I, if I had an accent or whatever, the fact that I had moved from, you know,
barely stringing a sentence together or being able to pronounce enough
correctly and used to pronounce it as a nug, a noug, and then people, you
know, thought I was American in Ireland, that was quite the accomplishment.
And after that, I just realized.
Wait a second.
If I can learn English, I can learn French.
I can learn German.
I'm going to interrupt you along the way as you develop your story
because you say things that are very interesting that I want to stress.
So, first of all, the fact that as a 10 year old you are learning two languages.
That's quite impressive, actually, in North America at 10, in many cases
where you aren't learning any language.
And the fact that your parents sent you to Ireland.
In other words, you were in an environment where you were basically
encouraged to learn languages.
The second thing you said that was very interesting was that
initially you had a lot of trouble.
Pronouncing the language and then eventually you became and very quickly you
became quite proficient and you initially pronounce the language based on how those
letters would be pronounced in a town.
And I think there's a major problem people have in pronunciation.
They go with the value of the letters in their own language.
There is a system in English.
There is a pattern.
It's a very indirect, convoluted pattern, but there is a pattern to
how that language is pronounced and you were able to acquire that, and so
I'm curious, so even before getting to Ireland, your brain had somehow
understood that it's not a Naug, because there are a lot of Italians who will
say a Naug for the rest of their life.
Yes.
I use the example of my father who would say, like, there's a
province in Canada called Nova Scotia and he would say Nova Scotia.
Makes sense, right?
Nova Scotia.
I think your average Italian would say Nova Scotia.
To what do you attribute the fact that your brain was able to get used to
the pattern of English pronunciation?
Desire.
It was my desire of sounding and being like an American, especially we're
talking about America, because I was surrounded by Americans, meaning that my.
Teacher was American and she recorded all these videotapes
that were just American movies.
I could imagine myself living in the United States, interacting with locals.
And when people, for example, say, Oh, you must have this absolute ear.
I don't remember exactly what the technical term is, that
you must hear all the sounds.
Yes and no.
Meaning that the, the ear is a channel, but what really makes a difference
is actually your brain, not the ear.
The ear is just like something that the sound goes through.
And I think that when, when people come to me, cause I, I used to work as a coach,
especially an accent coach and people, for example, wanted to know how do you
speak like almost, of course, nobody's exactly speaks like a native, but how
do you achieve great pronunciation?
I always told them that the psychological part plays a huge role.
Now, Steven Krashen is a famous linguist.
Most of your viewers know about Steven Krashen and his theory about input, but
he also talks about the effective filter.
And about the fact that it's difficult for us to acquire
language when you're stressed.
For example, at school, we asked them about marks and performance.
I think that when I was working with Susan, the environment was so positive.
Her figure was so inspiring that I really wanted to sound like her.
And I wanted to sound like all those, you know, those people, actors
appearing on screen of the videotapes that she had recorded for me.
And that made, made a huge difference because I was paying attention.
I always say that one of the most important things when it comes to language
learning, acquired grammar, learning vocabulary and whatnot, is noticing.
If you notice things, if you notice that a word contains another small word,
that is the brain, you understand that if you notice that grammar pattern has
something similar with something else.
And if you notice sounds, then you're able to ultra reproduce these sounds.
Everything happens in the brain.
So on the one hand, it was my passion.
I really liked language learning.
The second thing is my, I really wanted to blend in.
I really wanted to sound like an American.
And the third, I was paying attention to everything.
I started paying attention to everything and, uh, Susan corrected me on the go.
And I didn't just dismiss that and say, no, no, let me, let me think about that.
And, uh, we talked about this in another video that we, we had, uh, you and I,
I don't think that feedback and getting corrected is helpful if you're a beginner
and intermediate, but you went, when you get better and better, then you're
able to, Actually see the big picture.
And when you get feedback, you're able to incorporate it and improve.
I still remember some mistakes that I made like circuitry.
I said circuitry tree.
And I remember it as circuitry, circuit instead of circuit or specific things
that I was corrected on, but I was ready at an advanced level in English.
So this is my story in a nutshell, when it comes to acquiring great pronunciation.
I think that the effective filter and wanting to.
Sound like a native is really, really important.
I would, uh, totally agree with you.
A few things that you said there that I think are really very important.
In a sense, you want it to be an American.
Okay.
If I'm learning Chinese, if I'm learning French.
I want to be a French person.
I want to be whatever Chinese person.
When I was in Japan and I was with a bunch of Japanese people in a business meeting,
I'm not aware of being non Japanese.
I'm part of that.
And when we learn another language, we are learning to imitate another culture.
So we have to like it.
We have to see ourselves as part of that.
And I've often called that sort of cultural weightlessness.
Otherwise, if you say, okay, you would say, I'm an Italian learning English.
No, I'm a person of no culture wanting to be part of another culture.
So that doesn't mean that you abandon your Italian culture permanently.
But while you are learning the language, you want to be part of that.
I think that's extremely important.
And I think the other point that you made, which is so important, and that
is whether it is a matter of noticing or whether it's a matter of getting
corrected for mistakes or looking up grammar, those things are most effective
when you already have a large amount of exposure and experience with the language.
In the early stages, as you said, the corrections are lost on you.
It just makes you tenser.
But later on, you go, yeah, circuitry, circuitry.
You want to focus in on some of the things.
That you're struggling with that stand out as being sort of little
sore points in what is, you know, a large body of experience that
you've had with the library.
So I'm, again, I agree with you that there's a time and place for everything.
I'm glad you do agree with me.
I wanted to, to add something else that I, it's, it's an interesting thing.
When I started watching American movies, what I did after the movie was
rehearsing all these lines over and over.
And I was not just imitating the, you know, the, the sounds, but also imitating
the way they're like their gestures.
This is called pragmatics, right?
How they accompany the, the speech with gestures and everything in between.
And I think it's part of that paying attention subconsciously or
unconsciously to the way people express themselves in different cultures.
To give you an example, we, No, they speak like they have this way
of, I still remember I was talking to the father of my ex girlfriend.
We have spent countless hours with them, embedded like in French culture.
And it was just like, Hey, do you want, want to go to the movies?
That's
And the other thing that I wanted to stress, which is really interesting,
is that thought, to me, in my experience, I'm not a neuroscientist,
but thought is interwined with sound.
What do I mean by that?
What I mean is that if I start speaking like this, I'm speaking
English, but I'm thinking in Italian.
So this is very important.
What I'm going to say is Italian, what an Italian would say and not an American.
And that's the interesting part.
If I'm speaking, if I'm speaking American English, I don't use my hands.
And I don't think the way I would do if I were speaking American
English with an Italian accent, which is really interesting.
And that's also the reason why I got, I don't remember exactly, but I was
speaking, I made a video in Spanish and I said the name of an actor, I was
speaking Spanish and I continued saying, for example, Let me say Donald Trump.
I would say, estamos hablando de Donald Trump or Donald Trump.
I didn't change it because if I had to switch from Spanish into
American English, that would have disrupted the flow of my thought.
That's, that's, uh, an interesting thing that I want to, an observation
that I wanted to, to make when it comes to sounds, which is a very complex.
Topic within second language acquisition and first language acquisition.
On the subject of pronunciation.
And of course you're very good at you.
Actually you do an Italian accent quite well.
Thank you.
I worked on that.
But, um, obviously everyone's goal is to pronounce as close to
native as possible, but most people will not get as close as Luca.
And I, every so often I'll see someone on television and it might
be a French minister of foreign affairs or something, or an Italian.
Who speaks English so well, the vocabulary, the, the accuracy, the
precision with which they use the language is, is so good of such a high level.
Their accent in no way, the obvious French accent in no way
detracts from the impression created by their use of language.
So I just wanted to make the point that there's so many different things we can
work on in our language learning, our vocabulary, the turn of phrase, word
usage, comprehension, and of course, we all want to improve our pronunciation, but
there is no harm in having a noticeable.
Accent.
Would you agree with that?
I agree 100%.
In fact, the, the, the fact that I like speaking almost like a native,
not obviously not like a native, but it's just something that I really
like because I enjoy the process.
I really like how the language sounds in my mouth, but it's not strictly
necessary as long as people understand me.
Of course, if the accent is so bad that it's not intelligible,
then we got a problem.
You still, we have problems, I would say in taxes, but in general, I believe that
intelligibility is the most important thing, as long as you articulate and
you have a decent accent, or at least an accent that is understandable.
That's, that's all there is to it.
Because again, languages, we tend to forget that language
is a means of communication.
All those nasty comments that we got on YouTube are a reflection of how
society is built around performance.
Or you're doing well, or you're doing poorly.
No, you're communicating.
That's the most important thing.
But.
People don't care about that, or it's not that people don't care.
Most of the time, sometimes when I see these comments, I think they're
missing the forest for the trees.
You know, this like anti fake polyglot thing, or you are polyglo Europe cares.
If you speak 20 languages or 30, as long as you enjoy using these languages
in your lives at all, that counts.
But I just want to stress this because the way we judge others is also in
a way, the way we judge ourselves.
So we tend to think we have to perform well, we have to speak well.
Yes, if you can speak a language well, that's great.
But if you communicate effectively, that's even more important.
That's my point.
That's my opinion.
And I think too, it's a matter of what we want to do.
So you pointed out that initially you had trouble pronouncing it English
and eventually you got better.
And I know, for example, there was this I think it was
called anti moon or something.
There was some kind of a language community online.
And so I got interested in Russian.
So I recorded myself saying something in Russian, reading some Russian.
And of course, my pronunciation was terrible.
These people just jumped on me.
You're using, yeah, no good, whatever.
And stop.
A, don't criticize people who are trying to learn a language if their pronunciation
isn't quite what you think it should be or if they get something wrong.
Like, I think anyone who's attempting to learn another language
should always just be encouraged.
And B, our pronunciation evolves and we get better.
And I believe that we get as good as we want to be.
So, I am sure that the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, he's
happy with his French accent.
Doesn't want to change it, but he uses his English very elegantly
and he has achieved his goal.
If he said, I want to speak English like Luca Lampariello, he could work
on it and he would get a lot closer.
But it's not important.
It's a matter of what he or she wants to do.
Like I mentioned, my father, my father who spoke English, he could beat
us and scrabble and yet he had his, thing because in Czech, you know,
it's Nova Scotia, like he would always say shoulder instead of shoulder.
You know, well, would, would, could.
Why is shoulder different?
It should be shoulder, not shoulder.
Yes.
So there's a level of stubbornness there.
But if I said dad.
You should work on your, like, I would never say that, my father, you should
work on your English pronunciation, but if people want to, they can
start noticing, they can improve.
But as you say, as long as we're able to communicate, we're there,
that's good enough, and if you want to refine it further, fine,
go for it, but it's not necessary.
I agree.
And you made a very important point, which is in the form of a question.
What is it that you want to do with this language?
To me, language learning is mostly about oral communication, but not only,
like you, I love reading books about history, geography, the history of the
country, but So for some other people, maybe they just want to write in that
language, or they want to read in that language, then want to speak, or for
them, maybe accent is not as important.
So we tend to judge, you know, other people's performance, so to
speak, based upon our own standards.
Everyone is different.
Everyone wants to do something different with the language.
And not every student wants to speak a language fluently.
Maybe they just want to enjoy, I don't know, the grammar,
the history, or just reading.
So it's important to take that into consideration when.
You know, we think about what others are doing, which we should not
do, by the way, and what we should do when it comes to the language.
Why do I want to learn this language?
What do we want to do with this language is an even more profound question.
That is really important, and if the answer is, I don't know, then
you should go back to the drawing board and pick another language.
That's my humble opinion.
Right, but, and, and also, if you are mostly interested in reading in
the language, that's legitimate too, or you want to understand movies.
However, I believe that someone who can read novels, Who can understand
movies, if they want to speak, they will be able to speak very well.
Struggle at first, but they'll be able to speak.
I often hear, especially, I shouldn't single them out, but say Chinese people,
they say, well, you know, I can read well.
Like I, in Vancouver, I had dealings with the Chinese immigrant community and
they said, well, you know, we Chinese.
They love to say, we Chinese, like I represent all the Chinese everywhere.
But we Chinese, we can read well, but we can't speak well.
Do you read novels?
No.
So you can read a newspaper article with difficulty, but that's not enough.
Can you read novels?
Can you understand audio books?
Can you understand movies?
If you have that level of comprehension, you will speak.
You cannot be C1 in comprehension.
And B1 in oral proficiency.
You may struggle at first, but you very quickly can get there.
Of course.
If you, if you, if you speak, if you don't speak, of course,
it's difficult to develop it.
Of course.
But your point is that if you're reading, listen, and you watch a lot,
then it comes out very naturally.
That's what happened to me.
I was watching all these movies in English and one movie a
night, every night in French.
All of a sudden I was speaking French like, Hey, where does this come from?
And all of a sudden, you know, that comes from movies, you know, all that.
Input that I got.
Absolutely.
Like in my Persian learning or even Turkish learning, there might be a week
or two go by before I speak to my tutor.
And in the intervening period, I had been doing a lot of listening and reading.
And my tutor would say, wow, you've improved a lot.
Have you been talking a lot?
No, I've been listening and reading a lot.
I mean, to speak well, we have to speak a lot.
I think you and I both agree.
Yes.
You have to speak a lot.
So either you go to the country or you have a group of, uh, whatever your
Turkish friends in Rome and you go out every night and eat kebab or something.
But yeah, you know what I mean?
Not every night, but.
Yeah.
No, but you have to speak a lot.
There's no question.
But if you don't have a vocabulary, if you don't have that familiarity with the
language, you won't be able to speak well.
If you have the familiarity with the language and then you get the
opportunity to speak a lot, very quickly, you'll start speaking well.
Right, right on the money.
And in a chapter, I think it's chapter six or seven of the book, I talk about that.
I.
Started speaking with two tutors in Hungarian at the beginning.
I didn't have that much input.
And I just realized this is not going anywhere because I was rehearsing
always the same, you know, sentences conversation, but the, you know, it
might sound technical when we speak about acquiring a language versus learning
a language, because fundamentally.
It's the same thing, but it's not the same thing.
Acquiring, you know, means to get the language in you by exposure
while learning is trying to scribble down things or like remembering by
rote, you know, just remembering words and it's not the same thing.
And the human brain learns much better by acquiring the language
through massive exposure.
That's the mistake I made because the thing is.
Can't you do both?
Yes, but the problem is we have, I don't know about you, about Steve, about me,
we have more time because, you know, it's our job, we like languages, it's
our hobby, but a lot of people are busy.
If you have 30 minutes a day, in my humble opinion again, it's much better.
You're much better off using them to listen and read.
Rather than trying to remember words or speak or write, you can do that.
You can do these things on top.
I talk about this language pyramid, right?
Like at the base, we will show, we will try to show you the language pyramid.
I thought that was excellent in your book, by the way.
Thank you.
Um, yeah, I was, I was just trying to show something because I was struck,
uh, by this, uh, Pyramid of the food where the base is fruits and vegetables.
And then I thought, okay, well, let me think about feeding your mind
with language is the same concept.
You listen and read, you read and listen, you listen, you read, et cetera.
That's the base that you can do some output and then you can do some grammar.
The thing that struck me the most.
Is that the pyramid for most people who go to school is actually the opposite.
It's just people don't, it's inverted.
They do grammar.
They try to memorize words.
And the scary part of this is that when you tell them about this, they get shocked
because the school system has not imposed, but I would say just think about the,
the, the, the bias that we have as human beings, about all the things that will,
you know, Taught us that we're not true.
Mark Twain used to say that what gets you in trouble is not what you know, is that
what you don't know, that is something on those lines that when you think,
you know, but it's not so, so you take things for granted, they're not granted.
And when students come to me or used to come to me as a coach,
they went like, Oh, I don't have to learn grammar at the beginning.
One student told me, I don't have a grammar book.
I still have to, you know, I always start with grammar.
So you don't need that.
He was shocked.
He said, what, what, what do I do?
I said, wait a second.
I'm going to show you.
It's just that it's, it's amazing that if you show a person, this
is why I like, uh, YouTube.
I like education in general.
You can share, you know, it's not lecturing people.
It's just sharing.
Hey.
This is not just working for me, but it's working for everybody
because the brain is worked this way.
The brain is, acquires language through input.
It's as simple as that.
It's a simple reality, but it's difficult to digest for most people
because they were taught otherwise, which is a little bit sad, but I hope
things are changing and will change.
Now we both agree on the importance of input.
The overwhelming importance of input.
So I want to bring up some areas where we have different techniques.
And again, I refer to your book where you explain to Richard Simcott, a
wonderful polyglot, friend of ours, your approach to language there
and he's, and he called you Lupino.
He said, that's wonderful.
You know, nice to hear that, but I completely disagree with you.
Or words to that effect, if I remember your words.
Yes, yes.
Which isn't true, of course, he doesn't completely disagree because he's
also very much dependent on input.
However, all successful polyglots develop their own specific
techniques that are specific to them.
I believe we all learn the same way.
Our brains are constructed in the same way, but we have our likes and dislikes.
For example, I recognize that if I were to write by hand, I would learn better.
But I'm too lazy to write by hand.
I have also seen your translation technique where you translate from
the language into your own, from your own back into the language.
I also think that's probably a good thing to do.
I'm too lazy to do it.
So can you talk to me about those two things, which I identified as
being Luchino techniques that I don't use, but which I, I agree with.
If I had the discipline to do those things, I would learn better.
It's easier for me just to grab my mp3 player and start listening.
Sure thing.
So we're opening a Canon warps and we don't have much time,
but I'll try to be brief.
I think one of the most important things for everyone to learn a language
efficiently is to find that gray zone, which is not gray at the day.
It's, it's a green zone between efficiency.
And enjoyment, something can be efficient and something can be
effective, but if it's not something you like, you're not going to do it.
And on the other way around, if something is enjoyable, but it
doesn't move the needle, so to speak, it's not going to move the needle.
I think that the reason why language learning is so fascinating is because
there's universal principles, but everyone learns in a different way.
So on the one hand, you have.
You know, learning every day, exposing yourself to the language, et cetera.
So the, let's say strategy, the Greeks will call it strategies.
Beautiful word.
And then you have tactics.
Tactics is what you do every day.
When you sit down and say, what is it that I actually.
Like learning.
So to make a long story short, when I start learning a language, now I don't
have it here, I have a lot of language books, but they're in the other room.
What I do is I choose a book, Assimil, Assimil is what I start with, but it can
be any book that is made of dialogues, real language, and I translate it back
and forth, meaning first I translate the dialogue into my own native
language by typing in a Google doc.
People might say it's completely useless.
You already have the translation.
But you will see that the art of translating into your own
language makes you notice.
That's what counts.
You will see that if you translate something, you have to understand it.
You can't translate something into your own native language.
If you don't understand it.
And then a few days later, I translate that back into my target
language and that's testing.
Testing without stress.
So you test yourself for the sake of using something that is,
okay, this is the solution and I'm trying to solve a problem.
I really like Stephen Krashen.
Uh, finished one of his, uh, books about language learning as solving problems,
learning to solve a linguistic problem.
So it's a way of putting the puzzle together, not just trying to remember
words, but trying to remember the meaning that these words convey.
Now, is this efficient?
It is now I've explained just the basic step, but it's
much more complex than that.
It's made of multiple parts that, you know, every day you do something
different on a different net.
The question is, and I always say it, do you want to do this?
If you like doing that, then great.
You like translating, et cetera.
If you don't like sitting and translating and you just can read, listen multiple
times, do it in a different way.
But the concept of reading and listening is always there.
So just to make a long story short, the principle is listening,
reading, and understanding.
You can't acquire language if you don't understand a message.
That's why translation, translation is making sure that you
understand it and you absorb it.
But again, you have to.
Like it.
So I always say, try this.
Do you like it?
Great.
If you don't like it, you can test something else or extract the principles.
In my courses at the Academy, we have principles first learn these,
because this is what really guides you, makes, moves the needle.
Once you understand the principles, then you can bold and twist and tweak
the principles so that you can create what works for you because language
learning is something unique to you.
I remember back in the day before the internet, the internet era, I thought,
Oh, this is the best method of the world.
No, it's not.
It's just one method that I came up with that works really well with me.
And it has been working very well for those, those took the, the
bidirectionalization course at my academy.
But some people might say, I don't like this method.
I want to try something else.
And that's perfectly fine.
This is the way for me to acquire, let's say, a foundation in the language.
For three months, I do this back and forth thing.
Then I hate it.
Then I can't stand it because language learning is something
that moves all the time.
Like, Transforms itself, your skills change with time.
So something you liked doing at the beginning, maybe you don't
like doing them the same way later.
So for three months, I just spent these three months, just imagine climbing
this mountain, sweating, spending one hour, one hour, 15 minutes, learning
the language, the hard way, sitting down and trying to understand every
nook and cranny of the language.
I did this in January, 1st of January till the 31st of March, 2024 with a Turkish.
But then I just couldn't even look at Asimil anymore.
And I told myself, okay, why did I do this?
It's because this facilitates the acquisition of language.
Now that I have a good grasp of how the language sounds, I went to LingQ.
I went to, uh, YouTube.
I downloaded podcasts and I could listen and read.
without even grammar explanations because I understood the basics, so to speak.
So for me, this learning, hard learning, like deliberate learning
is only conducive to acquisition.
I can't wait to learn by acquiring the language, not learning it.
But this three month thing is for me necessary just to speed up things
because I'm not in a hurry, but to understand things, because as you know,
sometimes something that is really hard to do, it takes concentration,
attention, then it's easier.
I can relax.
I can just, you know, listening to something and understand it.
So it's a mix of deliberate and acquiring, depending on where I am.
But again, everybody is different.
I use this technique by directional translation.
Then I moved on to basically just listening and reading while listening.
We're reading, while reading subtitles, we're watching videos for the intermediate
stage, massively, a huge amount of podcasts and videos using LingQ, using
many resources, three or four normally.
And then I just, you know, once I become a language user, I start
reading and watching movies, et cetera.
Now that leads me into then the second part of my question,
which was the handwriting.
So when you do your translation, is that.
Handwriting.
And what do you think is the importance or the benefit?
What are the benefits of writing by hand versus writing on the
computer or even not writing at all?
Okay.
Are you ready?
I'm ready.
So for me, the, the first three months, I'm just writing, um, Google
doc because for me, it's faster to type, but I'm also, I don't have
it now, but I don't know where it is, but I also write a little bit.
But it's in the second part after three months, when I start listening
to podcasts and watching videos that are relying on writing.
So what I do is normally I write on a loose piece of paper, and then on
