Ep.40 - Mecanópolis - Miguel de Unamuno (3)
Ep.40 - Mecanopoli - Miguel de Unamuno (3)
Ep.40 - メカノポリス - ミゲル・デ・ウナムーノ (3)
Эп.40 - Меканополис - Мигель де Унамуно (3)
Ep.40 - Mechanopolis - Miguel de Unamuno (3)
Digo yo, ya habrá más de uno que se identifique con esta etapa de la vida de Unamuno.
I say|I|already|there will be|more|of|one|that|himself|he identifies|with|this|stage|of|the|life|of|Unamuno
I say, there must be more than one person who identifies with this stage of Unamuno's life.
En 1883, Miguel termina sus estudios y se gradúa con un título en Filosofía y Letras, y regresa a su ciudad natal, Bilbao.
in|Miguel|he finishes|his|studies|and|himself|he graduates|with|a|degree|in|Philosophy|and|Literature|and|he returns|to|his|city|native|Bilbao
In 1883, Miguel finishes his studies and graduates with a degree in Philosophy and Literature, and returns to his hometown, Bilbao.
El joven regresa, con la intención de encontrar trabajo y casarse con su amaba Concha.
the|young|he returns|with|the|intention|to|to find|work|and|to marry|with|his||Concha
The young man returns, with the intention of finding work and marrying his beloved Concha.
Sin embargo, es evidente que Don Miguel no es el mismo joven que partió en 1880.
without|however|it is|evident|that|Mr|Miguel|not|he is|the|same|young|that|he left|in
However, it is evident that Don Miguel is not the same young man who left in 1880.
Su madre y su prometida siguen siendo devotas católicas, y la indiferencia religiosa de Miguel las toma por sorpresa, afectando la relación con su madre.
his|mother|and|his|fiancée|they continue|being|devout|Catholics|and|the|indifference|religious|of|Miguel|them|it takes|by|surprise|affecting|the|relationship|with|his|mother
His mother and his fiancée remain devout Catholics, and Miguel's religious indifference surprises them, affecting his relationship with his mother.
A ello hay que añadir que su natal, Bilbao, se había expandido demográficamente.
to|this|there is|to|add|that|his|native|Bilbao|itself|it had|expanded|demographically
Additionally, his hometown, Bilbao, had expanded demographically.
Pasó de ser un pequeño pueblo de 32.000 personas en 1877 a duplicarse a 70.000 en 1893.
it went|from|to be|a|small|town|of|people|in|to|to double|to|in
It went from being a small town of 32,000 people in 1877 to doubling to 70,000 in 1893.
La ciudad había adoptado el progreso de la industrialización, y era ahora un importante centro minero.
the|city|it had|adopted|the|progress|of|the|industrialization|and|it was|now|a|important|center|mining
The city had embraced the progress of industrialization, and it was now an important mining center.
Este visible cambio en su querida ciudad también conmocionó a Unamuno.
this|visible|change|in|its|beloved|city|also|it shocked|to|Unamuno
This visible change in his beloved city also shocked Unamuno.
Finalmente, Don Miguel se muda a Salamanca, y comienza una familia con su amada Concha.
finally|Mr|Miguel|himself|he moves|to|Salamanca|and|he begins|a|family|with|his|beloved|Concha
Finally, Don Miguel moved to Salamanca and started a family with his beloved Concha.
En total, tuvieron nueve hijos.
in|total|they had|nine|children
In total, they had nine children.
Su familia fue su consuelo y alegría, por lo que cuando en 1902, su hijo de seis años Raimundo muere, Unamuno queda devastado.
his|family|it was|his|comfort|and|joy|for|the|that|when|in|his|son|of|six|years|Raimundo|he dies|Unamuno|he remains|devastated
His family was his comfort and joy, so when in 1902, his six-year-old son Raimundo died, Unamuno was devastated.
Clara Fernández Díaz-Rincón nos cuenta que, en las últimas horas de Raimundo, Unamuno va al convento de San Esteban y reza, buscando su fe perdida.
Clara|Fernández|||to us|she tells|that|in|the|last|hours|of|Raimundo|Unamuno|he goes|to the|convent|of|Saint|Stephen|and|he prays|seeking|his|faith|lost
Clara Fernández Díaz-Rincón tells us that, in the last hours of Raimundo, Unamuno goes to the convent of San Esteban and prays, seeking his lost faith.
En cierto modo, siente que Dios lo está castigando.
in|certain|way|he feels|that|God|him|he is|punishing
In a way, he feels that God is punishing him.
A partir de entonces, Miguel de Unamuno se obsesiona con encontrar la fe simple de los viejos tiempos, buscando romper el silencio de Dios, y con el tiempo termina rechazando la bandera del intelectualismo.
from|to start|of|then|Miguel|of|Unamuno|himself|he obsesses|with|to find|the|faith|simple|of|the|old|times|seeking|to break|the|silence|of|God|and|with|the|time|he ends|rejecting|the|flag|of the|intellectualism
From then on, Miguel de Unamuno becomes obsessed with finding the simple faith of old times, seeking to break the silence of God, and over time he ends up rejecting the banner of intellectualism.
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Pero Don Miguel, no fue el único desgarrado por ideas contradictorias, España también lo estaba.
but|Mr|Miguel|not|he was|the|only|torn|by|ideas|contradictory|Spain|also|it|it was
But Don Miguel was not the only one torn by contradictory ideas; Spain was too.
El siglo XIX fue una época convulsa en la historia española.
the|century|19th|it was|a|period|convulsive|in|the|history|Spanish
The 19th century was a tumultuous time in Spanish history.
A lo largo del siglo, España comienza a perder el control sobre la mayoría de sus colonias en el mundo.
throughout|the|length|of the|century|Spain|it begins|to|lose|the|control|over|the|majority|of|its|colonies|in|the|world
Throughout the century, Spain began to lose control over most of its colonies around the world.
Luego, en 1898, España pierde la guerra hispano-estadounidense, poniendo fin al dominio colonial español en las Américas y dando lugar a la adquisición estadounidense de territorios en el Pacífico occidental y América Latina.
then|in|Spain|it loses|the|war||American|||||||in|||and||||||||||||||America|Latin
Then, in 1898, Spain loses the Spanish-American War, ending Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and leading to the U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America.
Para rematar, internamente, el país estaba en una confrontación social y política interna constante, que hizo que todos los demás asuntos, como la filosofía, la ciencia y la cultura, fueron ignorados.
to|top it off|internally|the|country|it was|in|a|confrontation|social|and|political|internal|constant|which|it made|that|all|the|other|matters|such as|the|philosophy|the|science|and|the|culture|they were|ignored
To top it off, internally, the country was in a constant social and political confrontation, which caused all other matters, such as philosophy, science, and culture, to be ignored.
En consecuencia, España toma el asiento trasero en el tren del progreso, mientras ve a Europa dirigirse rápidamente hacia los avances forjados por la era de la industrialización.
in|consequence|Spain|it takes|the|seat|back|on|the|train|of the|progress|while|it sees|to|Europe|to head|quickly|towards|the|advances|forged|by|the|era|of|the|industrialization
As a result, Spain takes a back seat on the train of progress, while watching Europe rapidly move towards the advancements forged by the era of industrialization.
Esta sensación de la falta de dirección de España fue un factor determinante para una generación de intelectuales llamada "la generación del 98", -a la que pertenecía Unamuno- la cual abogó por encontrar soluciones dentro del territorio hispano, y volver a las viejas costumbres en lugar de ponerse al día con Europa.
this|feeling|of|the|lack|of|direction|of|Spain|it was|a|factor|determining|for|a|generation|of|intellectuals|called|the|generation|of the|to|the|which|it belonged|Unamuno|the|which|it advocated|for|to find|solutions|within|of the|territory|Hispanic|and|to return|to|the|old|customs|instead of|place|to|to catch up|with the|day|with|Europe
This sense of Spain's lack of direction was a determining factor for a generation of intellectuals known as "the Generation of '98," to which Unamuno belonged, who advocated for finding solutions within the Hispanic territory and returning to old customs instead of catching up with Europe.
Por lo tanto, vamos a hacer un paréntesis para hablar brevemente de la revolución industrial del siglo XIX porque siento que el miedo que su impacto tuvo en la sociedad es palpable en cuento de "Mecanópolis".
for|it|therefore|we are going|to|to make|a|parenthesis|to|to talk|briefly|of|the|revolution|industrial|of the|century|19th|because|I feel|that|the|fear|that|its|impact|it had|on|the|society|it is|palpable|in|tale|of|Mecanópolis
Therefore, let's take a moment to briefly talk about the industrial revolution of the 19th century because I feel that the fear its impact had on society is palpable in the tale of "Mechanopolis."
Sabemos que la revolución industrial trajo importantes inventos a expensas de agitar el caos social y político.
we know|that|the|revolution|industrial|it brought|important|inventions|at|the expense|of|to stir|the|chaos|social|and|political
We know that the industrial revolution brought important inventions at the expense of stirring social and political chaos.
A escala mundial, forzó una transición para la cual la mayoría de las sociedades no estaban preparadas, pasaron de ser sociedades tradicionales a sociedades modernas e industriales, y al mismo tiempo dio lugar a una nueva clase social, el proletariado urbano.
on|scale|global|it forced|a|transition|for|which|which|the|majority|of|the|societies|not|they were|prepared|they passed|from|to be|societies|traditional|to|societies|modern|and|industrial|and|at the|same|time|it gave|rise|to|a|new|class|social|the|proletariat|urban
On a global scale, it forced a transition for which most societies were unprepared, moving from traditional societies to modern and industrial ones, and at the same time gave rise to a new social class, the urban proletariat.
En este punto, citaré al historiador israelí Yuval Noah Harari en su conferencia sobre __Sapiens: Una breve Historia de la Humanidad__, que se puede encontrar en Youtube.
in|this|point|I will cite|to the|historian|Israeli|Yuval|Noah|Harari|in|his|conference|about|Sapiens|A|brief|history|of|the|Humanity|that|itself|it can|to find|on|Youtube
At this point, I will quote the Israeli historian Yuval Noah Harari in his lecture on Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, which can be found on Youtube.
Les dejaré el enlace en la transcripción de este episodio.
to them|I will leave|the|link|in|the|transcription|of|this|episode
I will leave the link in the transcript of this episode.
En mi parecer Harari resume bastante bien el lío que generó la revolución industrial.
in|my|opinion|Harari|he summarizes|quite|well|the|mess|that|it generated|the|revolution|industrial
In my opinion, Harari summarizes quite well the mess that the industrial revolution created.
Yuval dice: "La mayor parte de los problemas de la historia política del siglo XIX y XX, giró en torno a los nuevos problemas de la sociedad industrial, que no pudieron ser resueltos utilizando las ideologías, religiones e historias tradicionales de la humanidad.
Yuval|he says|the|greatest|part|of|the|problems|of|the|history|political|of the|century|19th|and|20th|it revolved|around|around|to|the|new|problems|of|the|society|industrial|that|not|they could|to be|resolved|using|the|ideologies|religions|and|histories|traditional|of|humanity|
Yuval says: "Most of the problems of the political history of the 19th and 20th centuries revolved around the new problems of industrial society, which could not be solved using the traditional ideologies, religions, and stories of humanity.
Por supuesto, una de las primeras reacciones -que siempre ocurre- a tal agitación tecnológica y social, es tratar de volver a las viejas historias para encontrar algo de seguridad [...] cuando hay un gran cambio que destruye viejas instituciones y formas de vida, y crea religiones completamente nuevas, en primer lugar, los humanos tratan de aferrarse a algo estable, para encontrar seguridad.
for|sure|one|of|the|first|reactions|that|always|it occurs|to|such|agitation|technological|and|social|it is|to try|to|to return|to|the|old|stories|to|to find|something|of|security|when|there is|a|great|change|that|it destroys|old|institutions|and|forms|of|life|and|it creates|religions|completely|new|in|first|place|the|humans|they try|to|to cling|to|something|stable|to|to find|security
Of course, one of the first reactions -which always happens- to such technological and social upheaval is to try to return to the old stories to find some security [...] when there is a great change that destroys old institutions and ways of life, and creates completely new religions, humans first try to cling to something stable, to find security.
[...] Esto sucedió en el siglo XIX durante la revolución industrial.
this|it happened|in|the|century|19th|during|the|revolution|industrial
[...] This happened in the 19th century during the industrial revolution.
Una de las primeras reacciones contra la revolución industrial fue una ola de fundamentalismo religioso en todo el mundo".
one|of|the|first|reactions|against|the|revolution|industrial|it was|a|wave|of|fundamentalism|religious|in|all|the|world
One of the first reactions against the industrial revolution was a wave of religious fundamentalism around the world.
Ahora digo yo, casi pareciera que estamos entrando en una segunda ola de fundamentalismo en el mundo.
now|I say|I|almost|it would seem|that|we are|entering|in|a|second|wave|of|fundamentalism|in|the|world
Now I say, it almost seems like we are entering a second wave of fundamentalism in the world.
A los humanos siempre nos gusta repetir.
to|the|humans|always|us|it pleases|to repeat
Humans always like to repeat.
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Así que, volviendo a las historias que se refieren al episodio de hoy, ahora podemos ver que el mundo en el que vivió Unamuno estaba patas arriba.
so|that|returning|to|the|stories|that|themselves|they refer|to the|episode|of|today|now|we can|to see|that|the|world|in|the|that|he lived|Unamuno|he was|legs|up
So, going back to the stories related to today's episode, we can now see that the world in which Unamuno lived was upside down.
En resumen, España está dividida entre los tradicionalistas, a menudo respaldados por la iglesia católica, y los innovadores, que querían que el país alcanzara el progreso de Europa.
in|summary|Spain|it is|divided|between|the|traditionalists|to|often|supported|by|the|church|Catholic|and|the|innovators|who|they wanted|that|the|country|it would reach|the|progress|of|Europe
In summary, Spain is divided between traditionalists, often supported by the Catholic Church, and innovators, who wanted the country to achieve the progress of Europe.
Los efectos de este conflicto fueron visibles en el ámbito educativo, donde Unamuno fue profesor, y finalmente Rector de la Universidad de Salamanca.
the|effects|of|this|conflict|they were|visible|in|the|field|educational|where|Unamuno|he was|professor|and|finally|rector|of|the|University|of|Salamanca
The effects of this conflict were visible in the educational field, where Unamuno was a professor, and eventually Rector of the University of Salamanca.
En el frente educativo, Unamuno estaba cansado de la rutina y burocracia del sistema educativo español.
in|the|front|educational|Unamuno|he was|tired|of|the|routine|and|bureaucracy|of the|system|educational|Spanish
In the educational front, Unamuno was tired of the routine and bureaucracy of the Spanish educational system.
Para él, no había interés en aprender, sino en repetir fórmulas como credos.
for|him|not|there was|interest|in|to learn|but|in|to repeat|formulas|like|creeds
For him, there was no interest in learning, but in repeating formulas like creeds.
Los profesores estaban más interesados en ganar prestigio que en enseñar.
the|professors|they were|more|interested|in|to gain|prestige|than|in|to teach
The teachers were more interested in gaining prestige than in teaching.
En sus palabras, "es inútil que nos atiborren de noticias y fórmulas, y leyes y datos la memoria; [que] no nos impulsan el espíritu.
in|his|words|it is|useless|that|us|they stuff|with|news|and|formulas|and|laws|and|data|the|memory|that|not|us|they drive|the|spirit
In his words, "it is useless for them to stuff our memory with news and formulas, and laws and data; [that] do not inspire the spirit."
Compramos la máquina al extranjero - la ciencia es una máquina - y aprendemos a manejarla, pero si se descompone, no sabemos ya arreglarla, y sobre todo, lo que no sabemos es hacer máquinas que funcionen."
We bought the machine from abroad - science is a machine - and we learn to operate it, but if it breaks down, we no longer know how to fix it, and above all, what we do not know is how to make machines that work.
Don Miguel define a la universidad como una "fábrica de licenciados en derecho, medicina, farmacia, ciencias y letras, una oficina pública en que mediante tales o cuales pruebas se le da a un ciudadano un título que le permite el monopolio de una profesión o que le habilita para ciertos empleos".
Don Miguel defines the university as a "factory of graduates in law, medicine, pharmacy, sciences, and humanities, a public office where, through certain tests, a citizen is given a title that allows them the monopoly of a profession or qualifies them for certain jobs."
En resumen, Unamuno pregunta ¿si la universidad debe producir técnicos profesionales o fomentar una cultura superior?
In summary, Unamuno asks whether the university should produce professional technicians or promote a higher culture?
Me atrevo a pensar que tal vez las máquinas de "Mecanópolis" también reflejan una sociedad utilitaria, donde sus trabajadores son como autómatas o técnicos, casi sin alma y atados a los principios de eficiencia, donde no hay lugar para el pensamiento crítico.
I dare to think that perhaps the machines of "Mecanópolis" also reflect a utilitarian society, where its workers are like automatons or technicians, almost soulless and bound to the principles of efficiency, where there is no room for critical thinking.
Clara Fernández Díaz-Rincón dice que Unamuno eran un gran observador que pensaba que a todos los niveles -educativo, político, cultural…- "se está priorizando y alabando la técnica, y sobre todo, se está identificando la técnica con el progreso.
Clara Fernández Díaz-Rincón says that Unamuno was a great observer who thought that at all levels -educational, political, cultural…- "technique is being prioritized and praised, and above all, technique is being identified with progress."
Así se está generando un “tecnicismo”, un desarrollo de saberes prácticos que desdeñan el saber por saber.
Thus, a "technicism" is being generated, a development of practical knowledge that disregards knowledge for knowledge's sake.
Esto tendría dos importantes consecuencias, una conectada con la otra: [donde] se sobrevalora a la técnica y de ahí que la técnica acabe deshumanizándonos.
This would have two important consequences, one connected to the other: [where] technique is overvalued and hence technique ends up dehumanizing us.
Por esto, no debe extrañarnos que [Don Miguel] diga que le tiene miedo a la técnica."
For this reason, it should not surprise us that [Don Miguel] says he is afraid of technique."
En otras palabras, los trabajadores sólo son valorados por su eficiencia, técnica y capacidad para producir excelentes resultados, pero son pasados por alto como seres humanos con ideas, sentimientos y necesidades.
in|other|words|the|workers|only|they are|valued|for|their|efficiency|technique|and|capacity|to|to produce|excellent|results|but|they are|passed|by|over|as|beings|human|with|ideas|feelings|and|needs
In other words, workers are only valued for their efficiency, technique, and ability to produce excellent results, but they are overlooked as human beings with ideas, feelings, and needs.
Les animo a ver la película muda de Charles Chaplin, "Tiempos modernos", una sátira del sistema de líneas de producción en Detroit, donde los trabajadores son como piezas de una maquinaria.
to them|I encourage|to|to see|the|movie|silent|of|Charles|Chaplin|Times|modern|a|satire|of the|system|of|lines|of|production|in|Detroit|where|the|workers|they are|like|pieces|of|a|machinery
I encourage you to watch the silent film by Charles Chaplin, "Modern Times," a satire of the assembly line system in Detroit, where workers are like cogs in a machine.
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Es difícil precisar qué evento específico llevó a Unamuno a dar la espalda a las ideas intelectuales.
it is|difficult|to specify|what|event|specific|it led|to|Unamuno|to|to turn|the|back|to|the|ideas|intellectual
It is difficult to pinpoint which specific event led Unamuno to turn his back on intellectual ideas.
Creo que fue la suma de la pérdida de su hijo, la sensibilidad del escritor, sus críticas al sistema educativo español, y los efectos de la revolución industrial en el mundo, y en España.
I believe|that|it was|the|sum|of|the|loss|of|his|son|the|sensitivity|of the|writer|his|criticisms|to the|system|educational|Spanish|and|the|effects|of|the|revolution|industrial|in|the|world|and|in|Spain
I believe it was the sum of the loss of his son, the sensitivity of the writer, his criticisms of the Spanish educational system, and the effects of the industrial revolution in the world, and in Spain.
Sin embargo, aunque Unamuno critica a los intelectuales, no se opone a la ciencia.
without|however|although|Unamuno|he criticizes|to|the|intellectuals|not|himself|he opposes|to|the|science
However, although Unamuno criticizes intellectuals, he does not oppose science.
Por lo contrario, dice "En la amargura de la desilusión se ha llegado a culpar a la inocente ciencia, echándole en cara que ha hecho bancarrota, como si fuese ella rea del intelectualismo.
on|the|contrary|he says|in|the|bitterness|of|the|disillusion|himself|he has|reached|to|blame|to|the|innocent|science|throwing it|in|face|that|it has|made|bankruptcy|as|if|it were|she|guilty|of the|intellectualism
On the contrary, he says, "In the bitterness of disillusionment, innocent science has been blamed, as if it were guilty of intellectualism.
El fracaso es del intelectualismo, no de la pobre ciencia.
the|failure|it is|of the|intellectualism|not|of|the|poor|science
The failure is of intellectualism, not of poor science.
Quisimos ser dioses por la ciencia del bien y del mal, y esta ciencia nos ha mostrado nuestra desnudez, de que nos avergonzamos ante Dios y esa ciencia misma nos condena al trabajo y a la muerte".
we wanted|to be|gods|for|the|science|of the|good|and|of the|evil|and|this|science|us|it has|shown|our|nakedness|of|that|us|we are ashamed|before|God|and|that|science|itself|us|it condemns|to the|work|and|to|the|death
We wanted to be gods through the science of good and evil, and this science has shown us our nakedness, of which we are ashamed before God, and this very science condemns us to work and to death.
En otras palabras, la ciencia debe ser valorada por los descubrimientos que nos revela, pero no debemos depositar todas nuestras esperanzas en ella porque no puede salvarnos de la muerte ni consolarnos en la hora más triste.
in|other|words|the|science|it must|to be|valued|for|the|discoveries|that|to us|it reveals|but|not|we must|to deposit|all|our|hopes|in|it|because|not|it can|to save us|from|the|death|nor|to console us|in|the|hour|most|sad
In other words, science should be valued for the discoveries it reveals to us, but we should not place all our hopes in it because it cannot save us from death nor console us in our saddest hour.
Como vemos, Unamuno no estaba en contra de la ciencia o el progreso, sino que se oponía al fanatismo creado a su alrededor.
as|we see|Unamuno|not|he was|in|against|of|the|science|or|the|progress|but|that|himself|he opposed|to the|fanaticism|created|to|its|around
As we can see, Unamuno was not against science or progress, but he opposed the fanaticism created around it.
Además, el autor estaba consternado por la falta de comprensión de la ciencia, especialmente porque la mayoría de los nuevos inventos venían de fuera.
in addition|the|author|he was|dismayed|by|the|lack|of|understanding|of|the|science|especially|because|the|majority|of|the|new|inventions|they came|from|outside
Furthermore, the author was dismayed by the lack of understanding of science, especially since most of the new inventions came from abroad.
En lugar de empoderar a la gente para crear, imaginar, innovar, la gente se estaba convirtiendo en meros consumidores con un sentido de inferioridad.
in|place|of|to empower|to|the|people|to|to create|to imagine|to innovate|the|people|itself|it was|becoming|into|mere|consumers|with|a|sense|of|inferiority
Instead of empowering people to create, imagine, innovate, people were becoming mere consumers with a sense of inferiority.
Y para ir concluyendo, creo que una de las reflexiones más existenciales de Unamuno respecto a la ciencia fue: "Sí, sí, lo veo; una enorme actividad social, una poderosa civilización, mucha ciencia, mucho arte, mucha industria, mucha moral, y luego, cuando hayamos llenado el mundo de maravillas industriales, con grandes fábricas, de caminos, de museos, de bibliotecas, caeremos agotados al pie de todo esto, y quedará, ¿para quién?
and|to|to go|concluding|I believe|that|one|of|the|reflections|most|existential|of|Unamuno|regarding|to|the|science|it was|yes|yes|it|I see|a|enormous|activity|social|a|powerful|civilization|a lot of|science|a lot of|art|a lot of|industry|a lot of|moral|and|then|when|we have|filled|the|world|with|wonders|industrial|with|large|factories|of|roads|of|museums|of|libraries|we will fall|exhausted|at the|foot|of|all|this|and|it will remain|for|whom
And to conclude, I think one of Unamuno's most existential reflections regarding science was: "Yes, yes, I see it; a huge social activity, a powerful civilization, a lot of science, a lot of art, a lot of industry, a lot of morality, and then, when we have filled the world with industrial wonders, with great factories, roads, museums, libraries, we will fall exhausted at the foot of all this, and it will remain, for whom?
¿Se hizo el hombre para la ciencia, o se hizo ciencia para el hombre?
itself|it made|the|man|for|the|science|or|itself|it made|science|for|the|man
Was man made for science, or was science made for man?
".
".
Y en esta nota reflectiva terminamos el programa de hoy.
and|in|this|note|reflective|we finish|the|program|of|today
And in this reflective note, we conclude today's program.
Les dejo con otro de los cuentos de Unamuno que, en cierto modo, se siente como una especie de continuación de “Mecanópolis__”__.
to you|I leave|with|another|of|the|stories|of|Unamuno|that|in|certain|way|itself|it feels|like|a|kind|of|continuation|of|Mecanópolis
I leave you with another of Unamuno's stories that, in a way, feels like a kind of continuation of "Mecanópolis."
El cuento nos llega en la voz de Yamid Zuluaga, uno de los anfitriones del podcast literario Contratapas.
the|story|to us|it arrives|in|the|voice|of|Yamid|Zuluaga|one|of|the|hosts|of the|podcast|literary|Contratapas
The story comes to us in the voice of Yamid Zuluaga, one of the hosts of the literary podcast Contratapas.
*
*
Las Peregrinaciones de Turismundo
the|pilgrimages|of|Turismundo
The Pilgrimages of Turismundo
Por Miguel de Unamuno
by|Miguel|of|Unamuno
By Miguel de Unamuno
Narrado por Yamid Zuluaga
narrated|by|Yamid|Zuluaga
Narrated by Yamid Zuluaga
La ciudad de Espeja
the|city|of|Espeja
The city of Espeja
Cuando ya el pobre Turismundo se creía en el páramo inacabable, a morir de hambre, de sed y de sueño al pie de un berrueco, al tropezar en un tocón vio a lo lejos, derretidas en el horizonte, las torres de una ciudad.
when|already|the|poor|Turismundo|himself|he believed|in|the|wasteland|endless|to|to die|of|hunger|of|thirst|and|of|sleep|at the|foot|of|a|boulder|upon|stumbling|on|a|stump|he saw|to|the|far|melted|in|the|horizon|the|towers|of|a|city
When poor Turismundo thought he was in the endless wasteland, about to die of hunger, thirst, and sleep at the foot of a boulder, he stumbled upon a stump and saw in the distance, melted into the horizon, the towers of a city.
Brotó sobre ellas, como una inmensa peonía que revienta, el Sol, y la ciudad centelleaba.
it burst|over|them|like|an|immense|peony|that|it bursts|the|sun|and|the|city|it sparkled
The Sun burst over them, like an immense peony that bursts, and the city sparkled.
Recogió Turismundo lo que de vida le quedaba y fue hacia la ciudad que, según él, se le acercaba, y el sol subía en el cielo, engrandeciéndose ella.
he gathered|Turismundo|what|that|of|life|to him|remained|and|he went|towards|the|city|that|according to|him|itself|to him|it was approaching|and|the|sun|it rose|in|the|sky|becoming greater|it
Turismundo gathered what little life he had left and headed towards the city that, according to him, was getting closer, and the sun rose in the sky, making it larger.
Mas cuando ya estaba a su entrada, el aire parecía espesarse y oponerle un muro.
but|when|already|he was|at|its|entrance|the|air|it seemed|to thicken|and|to oppose him|a|wall
But when he was at its entrance, the air seemed to thicken and oppose a wall to him.
Era, en efecto, un muro transparente e invisible.
it was|in|effect|a|wall|transparent|and|invisible
It was, indeed, a transparent and invisible wall.
Siguió a lo largo de él, bordeando la ciudad, hasta que entró en ésta por una que parecía Puerta en el muro invisible.
it followed|along|it|long|of|it|bordering|the|city|until|that|it entered|in|this|through|a|that|it seemed|Gate|in|the|wall|invisible
He followed along it, skirting the city, until he entered it through what seemed like a Gate in the invisible wall.
Las calles, espaciosas y soleadas, estaban desiertas, aunque de vez en cuando pasaban por ella vehículos vacíos y que marchaban solos, sin nadie que los llevase ni guiase.
the|streets|spacious|and|sunny|they were|deserted|although|of|time|in|when|they passed|through|it|vehicles|empty|and|that|they were moving|alone|without|anyone|to|them|to take|nor|to guide
The streets, spacious and sunny, were deserted, although from time to time empty vehicles passed through, moving on their own, with no one to drive or guide them.
Las casas, todas de un piso, tenían, así como fisonomía humana; con sus ventanas y puertas y balcones, todo ello abierto de par en par, parecían observar al peregrino y a las veces sonreírle.
the|houses|all|of|one|floor|they had|thus|as|physiognomy|human|with|their|windows|and|doors|and|balconies|everything|it|open|of|pair|in|pair|they seemed|to observe|to the|pilgrim|and|at|the|times|to smile at him
The houses, all one story, had, just like human features; with their windows and doors and balconies, all wide open, they seemed to watch the pilgrim and sometimes smile at him.
Turismundo había olvidado su hambre, su sed y su sueño.
Turismundo|he had|forgotten|his|hunger|his|thirst|and|his|dream
Turismundo had forgotten his hunger, his thirst, and his sleep.
Desde la calle podía verse el interior de las casas, abiertas a toda luz y todo aire.
from|the|street|he could|to see itself|the|interior|of|the|houses|open|to|all|light|and|all|air
From the street, the interior of the houses could be seen, open to all light and air.
En casi todas ellas, junto a muebles relucientes, al lado de camas que convidaban al descanso, grandes cuadros con retratos de los dueños acaso, o de sus antepasados.
in|almost|all|them|next to|to|furniture|shining|to the|side|of|beds|that|invited|to the|rest|large|paintings|with|portraits|of|the|owners|perhaps|or|of|their|ancestors
In almost all of them, alongside shining furniture, next to beds that invited rest, large paintings with portraits of the owners perhaps, or of their ancestors.
Y ni una sola persona viva.
and|not even|a|single|person|alive
And not a single living person.
De algunas casas salían tocatas como de armonio.
of|some|houses|they were coming out|pieces of music|like|of|harmonium
From some houses, music came out like from an organ.
Y llegó a ver por una ventana de un piso bajo, el armonio que sonaba.
and|he/she arrived|to|to see|through|a|window|of|a|floor|low|the|harmonium|that|it was sounding
And he came to see through a window of a ground floor, the organ that was playing.
Sonaba solo; nadie lo tocaba.
it was sounding|alone|nobody|it|he/she was playing
It was playing by itself; no one was touching it.
Detrás de las tapias de los sendos jardinillos de las casas alzábanse cipreses en que piaban y chillaban bandadas de gorriones.
behind|of|the|walls|of|the|respective|small gardens|of|the|houses|they were rising|cypress trees|in|which|they were chirping|and|they were screeching|flocks|of|sparrows
Behind the walls of the respective little gardens of the houses, cypress trees rose where flocks of sparrows chirped and screeched.
Y de todo como que rezumaba una quietud apacible y luminosa.
and|of|everything|as|that|it exuded|a|tranquility|peaceful|and|luminous
And everything seemed to exude a peaceful and luminous stillness.
Fue a dar Turismundo a una larga calle con soportales.
he went|to|to give|Turismundo|to|a|long|street|with|porticos
Turismundo ended up on a long street with arcades.
Se asomó a una de las abiertas casas y descubrió una gran biblioteca.
himself|he leaned out|to|one|of|the|open|houses|and|he discovered|a|large|library
He peeked into one of the open houses and discovered a large library.
Los libros estaban todos al alcance de su mano.
the|books|they were|all|at the|reach|of|his|hand
The books were all within reach of his hand.
Pero siguió calle adelante, por los soportales, hasta ir a dar a una plaza espaciosísima, toda poblada de estatuas y cruces y obeliscos.
but|she continued|street|forward|through|the|porticos|until|to go|to|to give|to|a|square|very spacious|all|populated|of|statues|and|crosses|and|obelisks
But he continued down the street, through the arcades, until he reached a very spacious square, filled with statues, crosses, and obelisks.
Era un gran cementerio; el cementerio, sin duda, de la ciudad desierta.
it was|a|great|cemetery|the|cemetery|without|doubt|of|the|city|deserted
It was a large cemetery; the cemetery, without a doubt, of the deserted city.
Hallándose en el cual oyó sacudir del cielo los toques de una campana, y entonces se le despertaron, con fuerza devoradora, el hambre, la sed y el sueño.
finding herself|in|the|which|she heard|to shake|from the|sky|the|tolls|of|a|bell|and|then|herself|to her|they awakened|with|force|devouring|the|hunger|the|thirst|and|the|sleep
While in it, he heard the ringing of a bell from the sky, and then hunger, thirst, and sleep awoke in him with a devouring force.
ai_request(all=50 err=4.00%) translation(all=99 err=0.00%) cwt(all=2009 err=13.44%)
en:At8odHUl
openai.2025-02-07
PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=6.43 PAR_CWT:At8odHUl=21.35