What Happened with the Christians of North Africa and Levant? Was geschah mit den Christen in Nordafrika und der Levante? What Happened with the Christians of North Africa and Levant? ¿Qué pasó con los cristianos del norte de África y Levante? Qu'est-il arrivé aux chrétiens d'Afrique du Nord et du Levant ? Cosa è successo ai cristiani del Nord Africa e del Levante? 北アフリカとレバントのキリスト教徒に何が起こったのか？ Kas nutiko Šiaurės Afrikos ir Levanto krikščionims? Co się stało z chrześcijanami z Afryki Północnej i Lewantu? O que aconteceu aos cristãos do Norte de África e do Levante? Kuzey Afrika ve Levant Hıristiyanlarına Ne Oldu? 北非和黎凡特的基督徒发生了什么？ 北非和黎凡特的基督徒怎么了？

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we are at the end of the third century 我們正處於第三世紀末

the Roman Empire is at its biggest a 羅馬帝國正處於鼎盛時期

well administrated structure with 管理良好的結構

institutions laws strong military and 機構 法律 強大的軍事力量

religion but with corruption migrators 宗教但有腐敗移民

and other problems as well 以及其他問題

religion in the Roman Empire compressed 羅馬帝國的宗教被壓縮

the practices and beliefs in the Romans 羅馬人的習俗和信仰

regarded as their own as well as the 被視為自己的以及

many cults imported to Rome or practices 許多邪教或習俗傳入羅馬

of other people and provinces the

religion could be interpreted as

polytheistic the presence of Greeks on

the Italian peninsula from the beginning 義大利半島從一開始

of their historical period influenced 他們的歷史時期的影響

Roman culture introducing some religious 羅馬文化引進了一些宗教

practices that became as fundamental as

the cult of Apolo 對阿波羅的崇拜

the Romans looked for common ground 羅馬人找共同點

between their major gods and those of 他們的主神和那些主神之間

the Greeks adapting Greek myths and

iconography for Latin literature and 拉丁文學的圖像學和

Roman art as the Etruscans had the 伊特魯裡亞人的羅馬藝術

Romans thought of themselves as highly 羅馬人自認地位高

religious and attributed their success 宗教並將他們的成功歸功於

as a world power to their collective Pia 作為他們集體 Pia 的世界強國

T in maintaining good relations with the 與T保持良好關係

gods

one way that Rome promoted stability 羅馬促進穩定的一種方式

among diverse peoples was by supporting 不同民族之間的關係是透過支持

their religious heritage inscriptions 他們的宗教遺產銘文

throughout the Empire record the 整個帝國的記錄

side-by-side worship of local and Roman 當地和羅馬的並行崇拜

gods including dedications made by 諸神，包括所做的奉獻

Romans to local gods 羅馬人對當地神靈的崇拜

Christianity started in Judea a province 基督教起源於猶太省

of the Empire as a religious sect in the 帝國作為宗教派別

1st century AD the new religions spread

out of Jerusalem as more and more people

became followers important places for

Christians started to exist in Antioch

and across the Levant and even in Egypt

especially in Alexandria in the next

centuries in the empire as well as

beyond the new cult grew more and more

conflicts and persecutions existed with

martyrdoms occurring most often under

the authority of local officials the

Christian communities in North Africa

were among the earliest in the world

legend has it that Christianity was

brought from Jerusalem to Alexandria on

the egyptian coast by mark one of the

four evangelists in 60 ad in the early

4th century Constantine the first became

the first emperor to convert to

Christianity which became the dominant

religion of the empire by the fifth

century many causes have been seen as

deleting the decline of Christianity and

Maghreb one of them is the constant wars

and conquests as well as persecutions in i podboje, jak również prześladowania w

addition many Christians also migrated

to Europe the church at that time lacked

the backbone of a monastic tradition and

was still suffering from the aftermath

of heresies but anyway there are reports

saying that many Christians existed in

North Africa but how did this religion

expand more and more in the areas where

Romans ruled diminished fast over time

being embraced by less than 10% of the

population in North Africa today birth

of Islam rapid expansion the few

populations of North Africa were

expelled are converted to Islam

population growth and expansion of Islam

more and more before the birth of Islam

Arabs followed a pre-islamic local

polytheism it's believed that Islam

originated Arabia at the start of the

seventh century few centuries after

Christianity started spread in the new

religion however it was considered that

it did not start at that moment but was

believed to be the original faith of

others whom they regard as prophets such

as Jesus David Moses Abraham and

the presence of Islam in Africa can be

traced to the seventh century on May 6

14 ma man advised a number of his early

disciples who were facing persecution by

the polytheistic inhabitants of the

Mecca to seek refuge across the Red Sea

of auxin is LOM spread through military

conquest trade pilgrimage and

missionaries Arab Muslim forces

conquered vast territories and built

Imperial structures over time most of

the significant expansion occurred

during the reign of rashidun from 632 to

661 which was the reign of the first

four successors of Muhammad the first

Caliphate the ratchet and Caliphate was

established immediately after Muhammad's

death in 632 this dynasty is

characterized by a 25-year period of

rapid military expansion fighting both

the Sassanid Empire and the Byzantine

Empire by the 650s the Caliphate in

addition to the Arabian Peninsula had

subjugated the Levant to the

Transcaucasus in the north north africa

from egypt to present-day tunisia in the

west and the Iranian plateau to parts of

Central Asia and South Asia in the East

it is not known for sure how they had

success against these two important

powerful empires one reason could be

that the Byzantines and the sassanids

were rivals and possibly had a weak

point due to their fights in 641 during

the reign of caliph Umar even al-kitab

Muslim troops took over current Egypt

and conquered current Libya the

following year Muslims then expanded to

current Tunisia 647 during the reign of

the third Muslim caliph Uthman upon the

conquest of North Africa continued under

the Umayyad dynasty which annex parts of

Algeria around 680 C II and Morocco the

following year beginning with the

Umayyads the title of the caliph became

hereditary and the Empire expanded

hugely more and more people converted to

Islam which became a way of life for

many unlike the Coptic Church in Egypt

or the Syrian and Armenian churches

another part of the Middle East the

North African church did not

successfully survive

the Latin speaking Church centered in

urban areas had made no significant

inroads into rural areas also it's

believed that no major actions were made

to expand Christianity to the local

people

Berbers the dominant indigenous

population more Christians of North

Africa came in towns already Christian

and made little attempt to in vandalize

pagan territory in the caliphates non

Arab people started to convert more and

more to Islam this happened during the

Umayyad period and then especially

during more politically multicultural

ave acid period which saw the Muslim

population grow from mid ninth century

to the end of the 11th century and

becoming the major religion in the area

also even so large minorities of

Christians continued to live in the

abasa

Syria may have had Christian majority

within its modern borders until the

Mongol invasions of the 13th century the

divisions of the church the internal

problems the sparsely populated harsh

regions in which people lived combined

with the fall of the Byzantine Empire

and their defeat in North Africa and

LaVon

created the situation for Christianity

to be expelled from this region not

totally but the Christian population

represented fewer people every year also

other reasons would be responsible for

this - along with the fall of the

Byzantines in the region and the huge

expansion of Arabs local people were

high influenced by the new culture

traditions and by the new religion

various taxes were put on people in this

time there were taxes for non Arabs

there were taxes for non-muslims

probably some pagan or Christian people

chose to convert to the new religion for

more benefits local Catholicism came

under pressure when the Muslim regimes

of the almohads and the Almoravids came

into power and the record shows demands

made that the local Christians of Tunis

convert to Islam

other caliphates existed in the

muslim-majority became more and more

stable as the population grew more and

more Muslim kingdoms continued to

dominate the region for centuries to

come

as many people embrace this religion

beyond the former borders of the

caliphates deep into the African

continent India and even Southeast Asia

as a region stays more under an

influence as the time goes by the

influence becomes stronger under Mamluks

and the ottomans as well muslims thrived

even so in the 19th and 20th centuries

European powers had colonies in these

territories and many colonists settled

there wasn't a large impact the majority

embraced Islam centuries ago and the

ascent wasn't so put on religion as it

was in the 6th or 7th centuries today in

this part of the world large communities

of Christians exist in Syria Lebanon and

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