卧薪尝胆 薪を割って胆を食う Enduring hardships and seeking revenge.

心涛 ：感触 最深 的 就是 ：有志者 、事竟成 ，破釜沉舟 ，百二 秦关 终属 楚 ； Xin Tao|feeling|deepest|attributive marker|is|those with ambition|things will succeed|burn one's boats|one hundred and two|Qin Pass|ultimately belong to|Chu Xintao: What resonates with me the most is: Where there is a will, there is a way; burning one's boats, the 120 Qin Passes ultimately belong to Chu;

苦心人 、天 不负 ，卧薪尝胆 ，三千 越甲 可 吞 吴 。 those who work hard|heaven|do not disappoint|endure hardships and remember the bitterness|three thousand|Yue armor|can|swallow|Wu Those who work hard will not be let down; enduring hardships and seeking revenge, the three thousand Yue soldiers can swallow Wu.

洋洋 ：卧薪尝胆 ，真的 就是 睡 在 柴 上 ，吃苦 胆 吗 ？ Yang Yang|sleep on firewood and taste gall|really|just|sleep|on|firewood|on|endure hardship|gall|question marker Yangyang: Enduring hardships and seeking revenge, does it really mean sleeping on firewood and eating bitter gall?

心涛 ： 嗯 ， 睡觉 睡 在 柴草 上 ， 吃饭 睡觉 前 都 尝一尝 苦胆 。 Xintao: Hmm, sleeping on straw, tasting the bitter gall before meals and sleep.

越王 勾践 励精图治 以图 复国 ，刻苦 自励 ，发愤 图强 。 King of Yue|Goujian|work hard to govern|in order to|restore the country|hard work|self-motivation|become determined|strive for strength King Goujian of Yue worked hard to restore his country, self-disciplined and determined.

洋洋 ：睡 在 柴草 上 ，那 冬天 不是 很 冷 ？ Yang Yang|sleep|on|straw|on|that|winter|is not|very|cold Yangyang: Sleeping on straw, isn't it very cold in winter? 人 怎么 受得了 呢 ？ person|how|endure|emphasis marker How can a person endure that?

心涛 ：肯定 很 冷 ，但 他 怕 自己 贪图 舒适 的 生活 ，消磨 了 报仇 的 志气 ，晚上 就 枕着 兵器 ，睡 在 稻草堆 上 。 Xin Tao|definitely|very|cold|but|he|afraid|oneself|seek|comfort|attributive marker|life|wear away|past tense marker|revenge|attributive marker|ambition|at night|just|resting on|weapons|sleep|on|straw pile|on Xintao: It is definitely very cold, but he is afraid that if he indulges in a comfortable life, it will dull his ambition for revenge, so at night he sleeps on a straw pile with his weapons as a pillow.

他 还 在 房子 里 挂 上 一只 苦胆 ，每天 早上 起来 后 就 尝尝 苦胆 ，还 一直 重复 这句 话 ："你 忘 了 三年 的 耻辱 了 吗 ？ he|still|in|house|inside|hang|on|one|bitter gallbladder|every day|morning|get up|after|then|taste|bitter gallbladder|also|continuously|repeat|this sentence|words|you|forget|emphasis marker|three years|attributive marker|humiliation|emphasis marker|question marker He also hung a bitter gourd in the house, and every morning after getting up, he would taste the bitter gourd, repeatedly saying: "Have you forgotten the humiliation of three years?" 洋洋 ：果然 是 吃 得 苦 中 苦 ，方 为 人上人 。 Yang Yang|as expected|is|eat|to|bitter|among|hardships|only|become|superior person Yangyang: Indeed, only by enduring the bitter hardships can one become a superior person.

心涛 ：是 呀 ，他 派 文仲 管理 国家 政事 ，范蠡 管理 军事 ，他 亲自 到 田里 与 农夫 一起 干活 ，妻子 也 纺线 织布 。 Xin Tao|is|emphasis marker|he|appoint|Wen Zhong|manage|state|political affairs|Fan Li|manage|military affairs|he|personally|to|fields|with|farmers|together|work|wife|also|spin thread|weave cloth Xintao: Yes, he appointed Wenzhong to manage state affairs and Fan Li to manage military affairs, while he personally worked in the fields alongside the farmers, and his wife also spun thread and wove cloth.

勾践 的 这些 举动 感动 了 越国 上下 官民 ，经过 十年 的 艰苦 奋斗 ，越国 终于 兵 精 粮 足 ，转弱 为 强 。 Gou Jian|attributive marker|these|actions|moved|past tense marker|Yue state|all levels|officials and people|after|ten years|attributive marker|arduous|struggle|Yue state|finally|troops|elite|food|sufficient|turn weak|into|strong Goujian's actions moved the officials and people of the Yue state. After ten years of hard work, the Yue state finally became strong with well-trained troops and sufficient food.

洋洋 ：一个 大王 能 与 百姓 同甘共苦 ，真是 难得 。 Yang Yang|one|king|can|with|common people|share joys and sorrows|truly|rare Yangyang: It is rare for a great king to share joys and sorrows with the common people.

词语 解释 ： word|explanation Word explanation:

第一个 单词 "感触 "，意思 是 "接触 外界 事物 而 引起 的 思想 情绪 "，近义词 是 "感想 "。 first|word|feeling|meaning|is|contact|external world|things|and|cause|attributive marker|thought|emotion|synonym|is|impression The first word "感触" (gǎnchù) means "thoughts and emotions triggered by contact with external things"; a synonym is "感想" (gǎnxiǎng). 例如 ： 生活 不 缺少美 ， 缺少 的 是 发现 美 和 感触 美的 心 。 For example: life is not lacking in beauty, what is lacking is the heart to discover beauty and feel beauty.

再 例如 ：参观 了 周二 恩来 故居 ，我们 感触 很 深 。 again|for example|visit|past tense marker|Tuesday|Enlai|former residence|we|feelings|very|deep Another example: after visiting Zhou Enlai's former residence, we were deeply touched.

第二个 单词 "励精图治 "，意思 是 "振奋 精神 ，想 办法 治理 好 国家 。 second|word|strive to govern|meaning|is|invigorate|spirit|think|method|govern|well|country The second word "励精图治" means "to invigorate the spirit and find ways to govern the country well." 近义词 是 "雄才大略 "，反义词 是 "丧权辱国 、祸国殃民 "。 synonym|is|great talent and strategy|antonym|is|lose rights and disgrace the country|bring disaster to the country and the people The synonym is "雄才大略", and the antonym is "丧权辱国, 祸国殃民." 例如 ： 本 公司 将会 以人为本 ， 励精图治 创造 更 多 的 财富 。 For example: Our company will be people-oriented, striving for excellence to create more wealth.

再 例如 ：与 时 俱进 ，励精图治 ，促进 社会 发展 是 我们 的 最终 目标 。 again|for example|with|time|advance together|work hard to govern|promote|society|development|is|our|attributive marker|ultimate|goal Another example: Keeping pace with the times, striving for excellence, and promoting social development is our ultimate goal.

请 听课 文中 的 句子 ：越王 勾践 励精图治 以图 复国 ，刻苦 自励 ，发愤 图强 。 please|attend class|in the text|attributive marker|sentence|King Yue|Gou Jian|work hard to govern|in order to|restore the country|hard work|self-motivation|be determined|strive for strength Please listen to the sentence in the text: King Goujian of Yue strived for excellence to restore his country, working hard and striving for success.

第三个 单词 "贪图 "，意思 是 "极力 希望 得到 "，近义词 是 "贪婪 "。 third|word|to covet|meaning|is|desperately|hope|obtain|synonym|is|greed The third word "to covet" means "to strongly desire to obtain," and its synonym is "greedy." 例如 ： 他 经常 贪图 小便宜 ， 没有 绅士风度 。 For example: He often seeks small advantages and lacks gentlemanly demeanor.

再 例如 ：我们 不 应该 贪图 安逸 ，追逐 享乐 。 again|for example|we|not|should|seek|comfort|chase|pleasure Another example: We should not seek comfort and chase after pleasure.

请 听课 文中 的 句子 ：肯定 很 冷 ，但 他 怕 自己 贪图 舒适 的 生活 ，消磨 了 报仇 的 志气 ，晚上 就 枕着 兵器 ，睡 在 稻草堆 上 。 please|attend class|in the text|attributive marker|sentence|definitely|very|cold|but|he|afraid|oneself|seek|comfort|attributive marker|life|wear away|past tense marker|revenge|attributive marker|ambition|at night|then|resting on|weapons|sleep|on|haystack|on Please listen to the sentence in the text: It must be very cold, but he is afraid that seeking a comfortable life will wear away his ambition for revenge, so at night he sleeps with his weapons on a pile of straw.

第四个 单词 "消磨 "，意思 是 "逐渐 消耗 、磨灭 "，近义词 "消耗 、荒废 "。 fourth|word|wear away|meaning|is|gradually|consume|wear out|synonym|consume|waste The fourth word "消磨" means "to gradually consume or wear away," with synonyms "consume, waste." 例如 ： 我 在 公司 消磨 了 一个 下午 。 For example: I spent an afternoon at the company.

再 例如 ：他 喜欢 上网 消磨 闲暇 时间 。 again|for example|he|likes|surf the internet|pass|leisure|time Another example: He likes to surf the internet to pass his leisure time.

请 听课 文中 的 句子 ：肯定 很 冷 ，但 他 怕 自己 贪图 舒适 的 生活 ，消磨 了 报仇 的 志气 ，晚上 就 枕着 兵器 ，睡 在 稻草堆 上 。 please|attend class|in the text|attributive marker|sentence|definitely|very|cold|but|he|afraid|oneself|seek|comfort|attributive marker|life|wear away|past tense marker|take revenge|attributive marker|ambition|at night|then|resting on|weapons|sleep|on|haystack|on Please listen to the sentence in the text: It must be very cold, but he is afraid that he will indulge in a comfortable life, which will dull his ambition for revenge, so at night he sleeps on a pile of straw with his weapons as a pillow.

第五个 单词 " 同甘共苦 "， 意思 是 " 共同 享受 幸福 ， 共同 担当 艰苦 "， 近义词 是 " 有福同享 ， 有难同当 "， 反义词 是 " 同床异梦 "。 The fifth word "sharing joys and sorrows" means "to enjoy happiness together and to bear hardships together"; its synonyms are "to share blessings and face difficulties together"; its antonym is "to share a bed but have different dreams." 例如 ： 真正 的 朋友 应该 是 同甘共苦 的 。 For example: A true friend should share both joys and sorrows.

再 例如 ：二十多年 来 ，他 一直 和 他 的 妻子 同甘共苦 。 again|for example|more than twenty years|since|he|always|and|his|attributive marker|wife|share joys and sorrows Another example: For more than twenty years, he has been sharing joys and sorrows with his wife.

请 听课 文中 的 句子 ：一个 大王 能 与 百姓 同甘共苦 ，真是 难得 。 please|listen to the class|in the text|attributive marker|sentence|one|great king|can|with|common people|share joys and sorrows|really|rare Please listen to the sentence in the text: It is truly rare for a great king to share joys and sorrows with the common people.

表达法 ： expression method Expression:

有志者 、事 竟成 ，破釜沉舟 ，百二 秦关 终属 楚 ；苦心人 、天 不负 ，卧薪尝胆 ，三千 越甲 可 吞 吴 。 those with ambition|things|ultimately succeed|break the cauldrons and sink the boats|one hundred and two|Qin Pass|ultimately belong to|Chu|those who work hard|heaven|does not disappoint|sleep on firewood and taste gall|three thousand|Yue armor|can|swallow|Wu Where there is a will, there is a way. Burning one's boats, the hundred and two Qin passes ultimately belong to Chu; those who work hard will not be let down by heaven, sleeping on firewood and tasting gall, the three thousand Yue soldiers can swallow Wu.

解释 ： explanation Explanation:

这 是 清代 小说家 蒲松龄 撰写 的 读书 联 ，说 的 是 西楚 霸王 灭 秦 和 勾践 卧薪尝胆 灭 吴 。 this|is|Qing Dynasty|novelist|Pu Songling|wrote|attributive marker|reading|couplet|says|attributive marker|is|Western Chu|overlord|destroy|Qin|and|Gou Jian|sleep on firewood and taste gall|destroy|Wu This is a couplet written by the Qing dynasty novelist Pu Songling, referring to the Western Chu overlord's destruction of Qin and Goujian's enduring hardship to defeat Wu.

为 表达 他 读书 创作 《 聊斋志异 》 不达 目的 不甘休 的 意志 与 决心 ，用 项羽 大破 秦兵 和 勾践 天吴 雪耻 的 史事 来 激励 自己 ，鼓舞 自己 。 for|express|he|study|create|Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio|not reach|goal|not give up|attributive marker|will|and|determination|use|Xiang Yu|defeated|Qin army|and|Gou Jian|Tian Wu|avenge humiliation|attributive marker|historical events|to|motivate|oneself|inspire|oneself To express his determination and resolve to not rest until he achieves his goals in writing and creating 'Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio', he uses the historical events of Xiang Yu's great defeat of the Qin army and Goujian's revenge against Wu to inspire and encourage himself.

请 听课 文中 的 例子 ：感触 最深 的 就是 ：有志者 、事竟成 ，破釜沉舟 ，百二 秦关 终属 楚 ； please|attend class|in the text|attributive marker|example|feeling|deepest|attributive marker|is|those with ambition|things will succeed|burn one's boats|one hundred and two|Qin Pass|ultimately belong to|Chu Please listen to the examples in the text: The one that resonates the most is: Where there is a will, there is a way; burning one's boats; the 120 Qin Passes ultimately belong to Chu;

苦心人 、天 不负 ，卧薪尝胆 ，三千 越甲 可 吞 吴 。 one who works hard|heaven|does not disappoint|endure hardships and remember the humiliation|three thousand|Yue armor|can|swallow|Wu Those who work hard will not be let down; sleeping on firewood and tasting gall; three thousand Yue soldiers can swallow Wu.

果然 …… 表示 确实 如此 , 表示 事实 与 所说 或 所料 相符 Indeed... indicates that it is indeed so, indicating that the facts match what was said or expected.

例如 ： 果然 和 你 想 的 一样 。 For example: Indeed, just as you thought.

再 例如 ：他 果然 是 个 好 老师 。 again|for example|he|as expected|is|a|good|teacher For example: He is indeed a good teacher.

请 听课 文中 的 例子 ：果然 是 吃 得 苦 中 苦 ，方 为 人上人 。 please|attend class|in the text|attributive marker|example|indeed|is|eat|degree marker|bitterness|among|hardship|only|become|superior person Please listen to the example in the text: Only by enduring the hardships can one become a superior person.

请 再 听 一遍 课文 ： please|again|listen|one time|text Please listen to the text one more time:

洋洋 ：心涛 ，这 几天 放假 你 在 忙 什么 呢 ？ Yang Yang|Xin Tao|this|few days|on holiday|you|at|busy|what|question marker Yangyang: Xintao, what have you been busy with during the holiday these days?

心涛 ：感触 最深 的 就是 ：有志者 、事竟成 ，破釜沉舟 ，百二 秦关 终属 楚 ； Xin Tao|feeling|deepest|attributive marker|is|those with ambition|things will succeed|break the pots and sink the boats|one hundred and two|Qin Pass|ultimately belong to|Chu Xintao: What resonates the most is: Where there is a will, there is a way. Burn the boats, and the hundred and two Qin passes will ultimately belong to Chu;

苦心人 、天 不负 ，卧薪尝胆 ，三千 越甲 可 吞 吴 。 those who work hard|heaven|do not disappoint|endure hardships and remain determined|three thousand|Yue armor|can|swallow|Wu Those who work hard will not be let down by heaven. Sleeping on firewood and tasting bitterness, three thousand Yue soldiers can swallow Wu.

洋洋 ：卧薪尝胆 ，真的 就是 睡 在 柴 上 ，吃苦 胆 吗 ？ Yang Yang|sleep on firewood and taste gall|really|just|sleep|on|firewood|on|endure hardship|gall|question marker Yangyang: Sleeping on firewood and tasting bitterness, does that really mean sleeping on firewood and enduring hardship?

心涛 ： 嗯 ， 睡觉 睡 在 柴草 上 ， 吃饭 睡觉 前 都 尝一尝 苦胆 。 Xintao: Yes, sleeping on straw, and before eating and sleeping, you should taste the bitter gall.

越王 勾践 励精图治 以图 复国 ，刻苦 自励 ，发愤 图强 。 King of Yue|Goujian|work hard to govern|in order to|restore the country|hard work|self-motivation|become determined|strive for strength King Goujian of Yue diligently worked hard to restore his country, pushing himself to the limit and striving for strength.

洋洋 ：睡 在 柴草 上 ，那 冬天 不是 很 冷 ？ name|sleep|on|straw|on|that|winter|is not|very|cold Yangyang: Sleeping on straw, isn't it very cold in winter? 人 怎么 受得了 呢 ？ person|how|endure|emphasis marker How can a person stand it?

心涛 ：肯定 很 冷 ，但 他 怕 自己 贪图 舒适 的 生活 ，消磨 了 报仇 的 志气 ，晚上 就 枕着 兵器 ，睡 在 稻草堆 上 。 Xin Tao|definitely|very|cold|but|he|afraid|oneself|indulge in|comfort|attributive marker|life|wear away|past tense marker|revenge|attributive marker|ambition|at night|just|resting on|weapons|sleep|on|straw pile|on Xintao: It must be very cold, but he was afraid that indulging in a comfortable life would dull his ambition for revenge, so at night he slept on a pile of straw with his weapons as a pillow.

他 还 在 房子 里 挂 上 一只 苦胆 ，每天 早上 起来 后 就 尝尝 苦胆 ，还 一直 重复 这句 话 ："你 忘 了 三年 的 耻辱 了 吗 ？ he|still|in|house|inside|hang|on|one|bitter gallbladder|every day|morning|get up|after|then|taste|bitter gallbladder|also|continuously|repeat|this sentence|words|you|forget|emphasis marker|three years|attributive marker|humiliation|emphasis marker|question marker He also hung a bitter gourd in the house, and every morning after getting up, he would taste the bitter gourd and repeatedly say: "Have you forgotten the humiliation of three years?" 洋洋 ：果然 是 吃 得 苦 中 苦 ，方 为 人上人 。 Yang Yang|as expected|is|eat|to|bitter|among|bitterness|only|become|superior person Yangyang: Indeed, one must endure hardship to become a superior person.

心涛 ：是 呀 ，他 派 文仲 管理 国家 政事 ，范蠡 管理 军事 ，他 亲自 到 田里 与 农夫 一起 干活 ，妻子 也 纺线 织布 。 Xin Tao|is|emphasis marker|he|appoint|Wen Zhong|manage|state|political affairs|Fan Li|manage|military affairs|he|personally|to|fields|with|farmers|together|work|wife|also|spin thread|weave cloth Xintao: Yes, he appointed Wenzhong to manage state affairs, and Fan Li to manage military affairs. He personally worked in the fields alongside the farmers, and his wife also spun thread and wove cloth.

勾践 的 这些 举动 感动 了 越国 上下 官民 ，经过 十年 的 艰苦 奋斗 ，越国 终于 兵 精 粮 足 ，转弱 为 强 。 Gou Jian|attributive marker|these|actions|moved|past tense marker|Yue state|all levels|officials and people|after|ten years|attributive marker|arduous|struggle|Yue state|finally|troops|elite|food|sufficient|turn weak|into|strong These actions of Goujian moved the officials and people of the Yue state. After ten years of hard work, the Yue state finally became strong with sufficient troops and provisions.

洋洋 ：一个 大王 能 与 百姓 同甘共苦 ，真是 难得 。 Yang Yang|one|king|can|with|common people|share joys and sorrows|truly|rare Yang Yang: A great king who can share joys and sorrows with the common people is truly rare.