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The Making of Modern Ukraine, Class 5: Vikings, Slavers, Lawgivers: The Kyiv State (5)

Class 5: Vikings, Slavers, Lawgivers: The Kyiv State (5)

One way is continuity.

The continuity of Greece, Rome,

Byzantium and Rus'.

That's one way.

But the other way

is that Rus' is now going

to extend territorially northwards,

this classical civilization,

which had never gotten so far north.

Which is, it's a big part of the history

of the Slavs in general, of Eastern Europe in general,

is that, sure, there are these models

that come from the south,

and now they are going further north,

which brings me to Serhii Plokhy.

So we've been doing this little derby

about whether there are any other lecture classes

on Ukraine in the United States of America.

And so far, this is the only one,

but alert people have pointed out

that there's like, in some provincial university

in Boston area, there is actually one,

but it starts in 1500.

So I'm gonna say that we're still

the only survey lecture class,

because we're five lectures in,

and we're not even close to 1500 yet, right?

So we're still five centuries,

five good centuries away.

But in all seriousness, that class

is taught by Serhii Plokhy,

who is a giant among historians of Ukraine

and Ukrainian historians, and who is the author

of the book that you're reading "Gates of Europe."

And he makes the very important geographical point,

which I hope you've been following,

about how the creation of Ukraine

is not about east and west.

That's a much later point of view.

But about south to north.

It's about south to north, and north to south,

where south to north has to do

with the ancient world, the Greeks,

the Byzantines, the Black Sea,

and the northern coast of the Black Sea,

and things moving up towards Kyiv.

And now the north to south has to do

with the Vikings.

They're moving down the Dnipro River, seeking Byzantium.

And the Kyivan state, you know,

putting it very grandly, is a kind of encounter

of a movement from north to south,

and another movement from south to north,

which meet each other in the city

which already existed and was dominated

at the time by the Khazars.

Okay, so that's gotten us

as far as I thought we could get.

Volodymyr has converted.

The state of Kyivan Rus' has been founded.

A state in the sense that it will be recognized

by other states.

A state in the sense that it belongs

to a monotheistic religion, Christianity,

the Eastern version, which will be recognized

by other Christians.

A state in the sense that it has a language,

a written language, and people who are literate to use it.

A state in the sense that it is building,

and a state in the sense that it's gonna recognize

its subjects, which we're going to talk about.

The weakness of the system,

which I'm just gonna leave you with,

because it's important,

the weakness of this system.

And it's important, also,

when you think about the heritage of Rus'

and people who claim the heritage of Rus' today,

the weakness of the system was the principle of succession,

or the absence of a principle of succession.

There was no idea that, for example,

the oldest son would inherit or anything like that.

Basically, parts of Rus' were given out

to various sons,

and there tended to be lots of sons.

Volodymyr managed to keep seven different districts

under his control by wit,

but it wasn't simple, this business of having sons.

So just to keep this in perspective,

before he married Anna, his most famous wife.

She was not the only one, I'm afraid.

There were about half a dozen others.

But before he married Anna,

the sister of the Byzantine emperor,

he already had 800 concubines.

Presumably, he didn't mention that

to the Byzantine emperor, nor would the Byzantine emperor

have been impressed by the number.

I mean, just for the record,

but (students laughs)

that gives you a sense of the succession problems

that you might have.

There are going to be a lot of male offspring.

And when the father is weak

or the father leaves the scene,

there's gonna be competition.

So next time, we're gonna start talking about law

and how this state recognized its citizens,

and how the state found a particular,

citizen subjects, how the state found

a particular way to do so,

which then becomes a legacy that goes on for centuries.

But in this tradition of law,

the weak point was succession.

The weak point was how the state

actually reproduces itself over time.

We'll talk more about that.

All right. Thanks.

(soothing music)

Class 5: Vikings, Slavers, Lawgivers: The Kyiv State (5) Klasse 5: Wikinger, Sklavenhändler, Gesetzgeber: Der Kiewer Staat (5) Class 5: Vikings, Slavers, Lawgivers: The Kyiv State (5) Clase 5: Vikingos, esclavistas, legisladores: El Estado de Kiev (5) Classe 5 : Vikings, esclavagistes, législateurs : L'État de Kiev (5) Klasse 5: Vikingen, slavendrijvers, wetgevers: De Kyivische staat (5) Klasa 5: Wikingowie, niewolnicy, prawodawcy: Państwo Kijowskie (5) Aula 5: Vikings, esclavagistas, legisladores: O Estado de Kiev (5) Занятие 5: Викинги, рабовладельцы, законники: Киевское государство (5) Sınıf 5: Vikingler, Köleciler, Kanun Koyucular: Kiev Devleti (5) Заняття 5: Вікінги, слов'яни, законотворці: Київська держава (5) 第 5 类:维京人、奴隶主、立法者:基辅国家 (5) 第 5 類:維京人、奴隸主、立法者:基輔國家 (5)

One way is continuity.

The continuity of Greece, Rome,

Byzantium and Rus'.

That's one way.

But the other way

is that Rus' is now going

to extend territorially northwards,

this classical civilization,

which had never gotten so far north.

Which is, it's a big part of the history

of the Slavs in general, of Eastern Europe in general,

is that, sure, there are these models

that come from the south,

and now they are going further north,

which brings me to Serhii Plokhy.

So we've been doing this little derby 所以我們一直在進行這場小德比

about whether there are any other lecture classes

on Ukraine in the United States of America.

And so far, this is the only one,

but alert people have pointed out

that there's like, in some provincial university

in Boston area, there is actually one,

but it starts in 1500.

So I'm gonna say that we're still

the only survey lecture class,

because we're five lectures in,

and we're not even close to 1500 yet, right?

So we're still five centuries,

five good centuries away.

But in all seriousness, that class

is taught by Serhii Plokhy,

who is a giant among historians of Ukraine

and Ukrainian historians, and who is the author

of the book that you're reading "Gates of Europe."

And he makes the very important geographical point,

which I hope you've been following,

about how the creation of Ukraine

is not about east and west.

That's a much later point of view.

But about south to north.

It's about south to north, and north to south,

where south to north has to do

with the ancient world, the Greeks,

the Byzantines, the Black Sea,

and the northern coast of the Black Sea,

and things moving up towards Kyiv.

And now the north to south has to do

with the Vikings.

They're moving down the Dnipro River, seeking Byzantium.

And the Kyivan state, you know,

putting it very grandly, is a kind of encounter

of a movement from north to south,

and another movement from south to north,

which meet each other in the city

which already existed and was dominated

at the time by the Khazars.

Okay, so that's gotten us

as far as I thought we could get.

Volodymyr has converted.

The state of Kyivan Rus' has been founded.

A state in the sense that it will be recognized

by other states.

A state in the sense that it belongs

to a monotheistic religion, Christianity,

the Eastern version, which will be recognized

by other Christians.

A state in the sense that it has a language,

a written language, and people who are literate to use it.

A state in the sense that it is building,

and a state in the sense that it's gonna recognize

its subjects, which we're going to talk about.

The weakness of the system,

which I'm just gonna leave you with,

because it's important,

the weakness of this system.

And it's important, also,

when you think about the heritage of Rus'

and people who claim the heritage of Rus' today,

the weakness of the system was the principle of succession,

or the absence of a principle of succession.

There was no idea that, for example,

the oldest son would inherit or anything like that.

Basically, parts of Rus' were given out

to various sons,

and there tended to be lots of sons.

Volodymyr managed to keep seven different districts

under his control by wit,

but it wasn't simple, this business of having sons. але це було непросто, мати синів.

So just to keep this in perspective, Тож, просто щоб мати це на увазі,

before he married Anna, his most famous wife.

She was not the only one, I'm afraid. Боюся, вона була не одна така.

There were about half a dozen others. Було ще близько півдесятка інших.

But before he married Anna, Але до того, як він одружився з Анною,

the sister of the Byzantine emperor, сестра візантійського імператора,

he already had 800 concubines. у нього вже було 800 наложниць.

Presumably, he didn't mention that Імовірно, він не згадав, що

to the Byzantine emperor, nor would the Byzantine emperor візантійському імператорові, так само як і візантійський імператор

have been impressed by the number.

I mean, just for the record,

but (students laughs)

that gives you a sense of the succession problems

that you might have.

There are going to be a lot of male offspring.

And when the father is weak

or the father leaves the scene,

there's gonna be competition.

So next time, we're gonna start talking about law

and how this state recognized its citizens,

and how the state found a particular,

citizen subjects, how the state found

a particular way to do so,

which then becomes a legacy that goes on for centuries.

But in this tradition of law,

the weak point was succession.

The weak point was how the state

actually reproduces itself over time.

We'll talk more about that.

All right. Thanks.

(soothing music)