Should we wear a face mask? 6 Minute English - YouTube Sollten wir eine Gesichtsmaske tragen? 6 Minuten Englisch - YouTube Нужно ли носить маску для лица? 6 минут английского - YouTube 我们应该戴口罩吗？ 6 分钟英语 - YouTube

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC こんにちは。これはBBCからの6分間の英語です

Learning English. I'm Rob. 英語を学ぶ。ロブです。

And I'm Sam. そして、私はサムです。

With the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic, コロナウイルスの流行の発生に伴い、

people in many countries around the world 世界中の多くの国の人々

have started wearing face masks to protect 保護するためにフェイスマスクを着用し始めました

both themselves and others they come into 自分自身と他の人の両方が入ります

contact with. In this programme we'll

be asking whether wearing masks in public

can help prevent the spread of coronavirus

in the community?

Face masks have long been popular in some

Asian countries but with the spread of

Covid-19, they're increasingly being seen in other

parts of the world too.

Wearing a protective mask or face covering

is nothing new. Medical masks have a long

history from the plagues of medieval Europe

to nineteenth century outbreaks of cholera

in the United States, but when did they start

to be commonly used? That's my quiz question

for today: when and where were face masks

first widely used? Was it:

a) 1855 in Vienna, b) 1905 in Chicago, or

c) 1955 in London.

Well, you mentioned cholera outbreaks in the

US, so I'll say b) 1905 in Chicago.

Right Sam, we'll find out later if you were

right. Now, face masks may inspire confidence

but what is the evidence that they actually

protect the wearer from contracting the virus

or prevent infected people from spreading

the virus to others?

Professor Robert West has conducted a review

of over twenty studies looking into the evidence.

Here he is speaking to the BBC World Service

programme Health Check…

The evidence is equivocal on it. It doesn't Důkazy o tom jsou nejednoznačné. Nevyplývá z nich, že by

tell you anything yet - hopefully that will

change. So we're thrown back on first principles

and this is why, as in so many areas of public

health, you get such a heated debate because

people are really relying on their opinion

on things and you will have one group who

say, 'Well, it stands to reason',

the good old

‘stands to reason' argument – which

is: obviously, if you've got a covering je: samozřejmě, pokud máte krytí

in front of your face, and you're speaking před tvým obličejem a mluvíš.

or coughing into that covering, it's going nebo kašlání do tohoto krytu, bude to

to trap quite a lot of the virus on the droplets zachytit poměrně velké množství viru na kapičkách.

you'll be emitting. budete vyzařovat.

So far the evidence over whether face masks Důkazy o tom, zda obličejové masky

are helpful or harmful is equivocal – difficult jsou užitečné nebo škodlivé, je nejednoznačné - obtížné

to interpret because it seems to have two interpretovat, protože se zdá, že má dvě

opposite or contradictory meanings. opačné nebo protichůdné významy.

Based on current evidence, Professor West

feels we cannot say whether mask-wearing

is beneficial.

Some evidence suggests that wearing masks Některé důkazy naznačují, že nošení masek

can prevent the disease spreading and some může zabránit šíření nemoci a některé

suggests the opposite. naznačuje opak.

There may be reasons why wearing Mohou existovat důvody, proč nosit

masks could actually increase the spread masky by ve skutečnosti mohly zvýšit rozšíření マスクは実際に広がりを増やすことができます

of coronavirus. コロナウイルス。

However for some people, it stands to reason しかし、一部の人々にとっては、それは理にかなっています

that masks are beneficial– meaning it is že masky jsou prospěšné - což znamená, že je マスクは有益です–つまり

obviously true from the facts. je zjevně pravdivý. 事実から明らかに真実です。

Actually, the evidence is far from obvious. Důkazy ve skutečnosti zdaleka nejsou tak zřejmé. 実際、証拠は明白にはほど遠いです。

But everyone has an opinion on the issue and Ale každý má na tuto otázku svůj názor a しかし、誰もがこの問題について意見を持っており、

after weeks of stressful lockdown, this can 数週間のストレスの多い封鎖の後、これは

lead to heated debate – discussion or argument 激しい議論につながる–議論または議論

in which people become angry and excited. při nichž se lidé rozčilují a vzrušují. 人々は怒りと興奮を覚えます。

Up until recently, the World Health Organisation 最近まで、世界保健機関

said there were two groups who definitely 間違いなく2つのグループがあったと言った

should wear masks: people showing symptoms マスクを着用する必要があります：症状を示す人

of the virus and their carers. ウイルスとその介護者の。

But that left the problem of people who have しかし、それは持っている人々の問題を残しました

the virus without knowing it and maybe それを知らずにウイルスと多分

unintentionally emitting it – sending neúmyslné vysílání - odesílání 意図せずに放出–送信

something out into 何かに

the air, for example a noise or smell, or 空気、例えば騒音や匂い、または

in this case, coronavirus. In June the WHO この場合、コロナウイルス。 6月にWHO

advice changed – now they say masks should アドバイスが変更されました–今彼らはマスクがすべきだと言います

be worn in public where social distancing se nosí na veřejnosti, kde je společenský odstup 社会的距離が離れている公共の場で着用する

measures are not possible. opatření nejsou možná. 対策はできません。

But the advantages of wearing masks might しかし、マスクを着用することの利点は

be outweighed by other considerations, as převážit jinými hledisky, jako je například 他の考慮事項よりも重要です。

Professor West explains…

It could also have unfortunate negative Mohlo by to mít i neblahé negativní 残念ながらネガティブなこともあります

consequences in terms of mask shaming důsledky z hlediska zahanbení masky マスクの恥の観点からの結果

– that people feel –人々が感じること

compelled to wear masks in situations where

it's actually not helpful and may be harmful

because it's expected of them and they feel

that they would be judged if they didn't.

But I think in addition to that, one of the

problems we have is that masks can potentially

create a false sense of security.

One negative effect is the practice of mask Jedním z negativních účinků je praxe masek

shaming – criticising or humiliating someone

for not wearing a face covering.

Another problem is that wearing masks might

create a false sense of security – a feeling

of being safer than you really are. Is that

what happened in 1905 Rob?

Ah yes, today's quiz question. I asked you

when face masks were first widely used?

And I said, b) 1905 in Chicago.

Well done Sam, you were absolutely right!

It was 1905 in Chicago when Dr Alice Hamilton

first noticed that carers wearing masks to

treat scarlet fever patients, léčit pacienty se spalničkami,

did not get sick.

Interesting. Today we we've been discussing

whether wearing masks helps prevent infected

people emitting – or sending out, coronavirus.

So far the evidence is equivocal – unclear

because it seems contradictory. In other words,

we can't say either way for certain. nemůžeme s jistotou říct ani jedno.

But for some, it stands to reason - meaning

it's obviously true - that mask-wearing

is a good idea.

This disagreement over wearing face coverings Tento nesouhlas s nošením pokrývek obličeje

has started heated debate – that's discussion

which becomes angry or excited.

And this in turn has led to incidents of mask A to vedlo k případům masek.

shaming – criticising or mocking people

for not wearing a face mask.

A final drawback is that masks might give

the wearer a false sense of security – that's 着用者は誤った安心感–それは

belief that they are safe when they are not.

That's all we've got time for today.

Bye for now!

Bye!