DRAGHI ha svenduto l'ITALIA negli anni '90?
||продал дешево|||
Draghi|he has|sold off|the ITALY|in the|years
Hat DRAGHI ITALIEN in den 1990er Jahren verraten?
¿Vendió DRAGHI a ITALIA en los años 90?
DRAGHI vendeu a ITÁLIA nos anos 90?
德拉吉在90年代出卖了意大利吗?
Did DRAGHI sell Italy in the 90s?
Gli anni 90 del 900 sono stati un decennio di cambiamento per l'Italia.
the|years|of the|they are|they were|a|decade|of|change|for|Italy
The 90s of the 20th century were a decade of change for Italy.
Sì, non solo perché sono nato io, ma in realtà sto parlando più precisamente di un cambiamento politico.
yes|not|only|because|I am|born|me|but|in|reality|I am|talking|more|precisely|of|a|change|political
Yes, not only because I was born, but I am actually talking more precisely about a political change.
Basti pensare al caso di Mani Pulite o all'ascesa in politica di Silvio Berlusconi.
let it be enough|to think|to the|case|of|Mani|Clean|or|to the rise|in|politics|of|Silvio|Berlusconi
Just think of the Mani Pulite case or the rise of Silvio Berlusconi in politics.
Ragazzo, un po' stagionato, ma con il cuore sempre giovane.
|||постаревший||||||
boy|a|little|seasoned|but|with|the|heart|always|young
Boy, a bit seasoned, but with a heart that is always young.
Ah, Presidente!
Ah|President
Ah, President!
Ma comunque anche un cambiamento c'è stato a livello economico.
but|anyway|also|a|change|there is|been|at|level|economic
But still, there has been a change at the economic level.
Ad esempio, nel 1992 firmiamo il trattato di Maastricht che dà inizio all'Unione Europea,
to|example|in the|we sign|the|treaty|of|Maastricht|that|it gives|beginning|to the Union|European
For example, in 1992 we signed the Maastricht Treaty which initiated the European Union,
oppure nel 1999 adottiamo l'euro, con non poche difficoltà per raggiungere questo obiettivo.
or|in the|we adopt|the euro|with|not|few|difficulties|to|to reach|this|objective
or in 1999 we adopt the euro, with no small difficulties in achieving this goal.
Accanto a questa integrazione europea vengono adottate in Italia altre riforme economiche,
next to|to|this|integration|European|they are|adopted|in|Italy|other|reforms|economic
Alongside this European integration, other economic reforms are adopted in Italy,
tra cui una delle più importanti è quella delle privatizzazioni.
among|which|a|of the|most|important|it is|that|of the|privatizations
one of the most important of which is that of privatizations.
Praticamente numerose e a volte anche molto grandi imprese pubbliche, quindi gestite dallo Stato,
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practically|numerous|and|sometimes|times|also|very|large|enterprises|public|therefore|managed|by the|State
Practically numerous and sometimes very large public enterprises, therefore managed by the State,
vengono vendute a soggetti privati per avere una gestione privata di queste aziende.
they are|sold|to|subjects|private|to|to have|a|management|private|of|these|companies
they are sold to private individuals for private management of these companies.
Alcuni ultimamente sostengono che sia stato Mario Draghi l'artefice o il protagonista di queste privatizzazioni degli anni 90
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some|lately|they claim|that|it is|been|Mario|Draghi|the architect|or|the|protagonist|of|these|privatizations|of the|years
Recently, some claim that Mario Draghi was the architect or the protagonist of these privatizations of the 90s.
e secondo questi, di nuovo, le privatizzazioni sono state un male per l'economia italiana,
and|according to|these|of|again|the|privatizations|they are|been|a|bad|for|the economy|Italian
According to them, again, the privatizations have been a detriment to the Italian economy,
in quanto le aziende, una volta privatizzate, non hanno performato quanto avrebbero potuto fare
in|as|the|companies|once|time|privatized|not|they have|performed|how much|they would|could|to do
as the companies, once privatized, did not perform as well as they could have.
con una gestione statale, quindi pubblica, di queste aziende.
with|a|management|state|therefore|public|of|these|companies
with a state management, therefore public, of these companies.
Praticamente l'idea di fondo è che le privatizzazioni le ha fatte Mario Draghi,
practically|the idea|of|bottom|it is|that|the|privatizations|the|he has|done|Mario|Draghi
Basically, the underlying idea is that the privatizations were done by Mario Draghi,
le privatizzazioni sono state un male per l'economia italiana,
the|privatizations|they are|been|a|bad|for|the economy|Italian
the privatizations have been a harm to the Italian economy,
quindi Mario Draghi è un male per l'attuale situazione politica ed economica italiana.
therefore|Mario|Draghi|he is|a|bad|for|the current|situation|political|and|economic|Italian
therefore Mario Draghi is a harm to the current political and economic situation in Italy.
Tutto ciò è vero? Quanto ha influito Mario Draghi sulle privatizzazioni?
everything|that|it is|true|how much|he has|influenced|Mario|Draghi|on the|privatizations
Is all of this true? How much did Mario Draghi influence the privatizations?
E le privatizzazioni sono stati veramente un male?
and|the|privatizations|they are|they have been|really|a|bad thing
And were the privatizations really a bad thing?
Lo scopriamo tutto oggi in questa puntata.
it|we discover|everything|today|in|this|episode
We will find out all of this today in this episode.
Uuuuh, ci sarà una moltezzetta oggi, eh? Ottimo!
||||маленькая красота|||
ooh|to us|there will be|a|little multitude|today|right|great
Ooooh, there will be a lot of fun today, huh? Great!
Innanzitutto dobbiamo chiederci come erano messe le aziende pubbliche
first of all|we must|to ask ourselves|how|they were|placed|the|companies|public
First of all, we need to ask ourselves how public companies were doing
prima di questa politica di privatizzazione.
before|of|this|policy|of|privatization
before this privatization policy.
Ebbene, la maggior parte delle imprese pubbliche erano gestite da Liri,
||||||||||Лири
well|the|||of the|enterprises|public|they were|managed|by|Liri
Well, most public enterprises were managed by Liri,
e cioè l'Istituto per la ricostruzione industriale, fondato nel 1933 e quindi in epoca fascista.
and|that is|the Institute|for|the|reconstruction|industrial|founded|in the|and|therefore|in|era|fascist
that is, the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction, founded in 1933 and thus during the fascist era.
Liri nel 1933 era stato creato a scadenza, praticamente una volta svolto il suo compito,
Lira|in the|he was|created||to|deadline|practically|a|time|carried out|the|his|task
Liri in 1933 had been created for a limited time, practically once it had fulfilled its task,
e cioè quello di risanare imprese e banche di quel periodo, sarebbe dovuto essere liquidato.
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and|that is|that|to|to restore|businesses|and|banks|of|that|period|it would|due|to be|liquidated
which was to restore companies and banks of that period, it was supposed to be liquidated.
In realtà questo non successe.
in|reality|this|not|it happened
In reality, this did not happen.
Infatti Liri fu uno dei protagonisti durante il miracolo economico
in fact|Lira|it was|one|of the|protagonists|during|the|miracle|economic
In fact, Liri was one of the protagonists during the economic miracle.
nel quale la politica industriale italiana era soprattutto guidata dall'entità pubblica.
in the|which|the|politics|industrial|Italian|it was|especially|guided|by the entity|public
in which Italian industrial policy was mainly driven by the public entity.
Però dopo il miracolo economico, tra gli anni 70 e 80, subì un lento e doloroso declino.
however|after|the|miracle|economic|between|the|years|and|it underwent|a|slow|and|painful|decline
However, after the economic miracle, between the 70s and 80s, it underwent a slow and painful decline.
Doloroso soprattutto per i contribuenti italiani.
||||налогоплательщики|
painful|especially|for|the|taxpayers|Italian
Painful especially for Italian taxpayers.
Infatti, se come abbiamo detto durante gli anni 50 e 60,
in fact|if|as|we have|said|during|the|years|and
In fact, as we mentioned during the 50s and 60s,
Liri aveva una sua politica industriale e diede un contributo alla crescita economica del paese,
Liri|he/she had|a|his/her|policy|industrial|and|he/she gave|a|contribution|to the|growth|economic|of the|country
Liri had its own industrial policy and contributed to the economic growth of the country,
Durante gli anni 70 e 80 questa politica industriale si perse,
during|the|years|and|this|policy|industrial|itself|it was lost
During the 70s and 80s, this industrial policy was lost,
e l'unico compito di Liri fu quello di acquistare imprese private in difficoltà,
||задача|||||||предприятия|||
and|the only|task|to|Liri|it was|that|to|to buy|companies|private|in|difficulty
and Liri's only task was to acquire struggling private companies,
ma senza poi successivamente risanarle e darle un nuovo contributo innovativo e produttivo al paese,
but|without|then|subsequently|to restore them|and|to give them|a|new|contribution|innovative|and|productive|to the|country
but without subsequently rehabilitating them and providing a new innovative and productive contribution to the country,
ma diciamo di tappare i buchi, cercando di far innescare delle proteste sociali derivanti dalle crisi di queste imprese private.
but|we say|to|to plug|the|holes|trying|to|to make|to trigger|some|protests|social|arising|from the|crises|of|these|companies|private
but let's say to plug the holes, trying to trigger social protests arising from the crises of these private companies.
Praticamente in quegli anni Liri era diventato un vero e proprio accanimento terapeutico per le imprese private.
practically|in|those|years|Liri|it was|become|a|true|and|proper|persistence|therapeutic|for|the|companies|private
Basically, in those years, Liri had become a true form of therapeutic persistence for private companies.
Ma come esprimere in numeri questa politica del Liri e quindi rendere il concetto ancora più chiaro?
but|how|to express|in|numbers|this|policy|of the|Liri|and|therefore|to make|the|concept|still|more|clear
But how to express this Liri policy in numbers and thus make the concept even clearer?
Beh, basta guardare al deficit del Liri.
well|just|to look|at the|deficit|of the|Liri
Well, just look at the Liri deficit.
Infatti nel 1974 era pari a 100 miliardi di lire, equivalente all'incirca a 620 milioni di euro di adesso,
in fact|in the|it was|equal|to|billion|of|lira|equivalent|approximately|to|million|of|euros|of|now
In fact, in 1974 it was equal to 100 billion lire, equivalent to approximately 620 million euros today,
mentre dieci anni dopo, e quindi nel 1984, il deficit del Liri era pari a 3.000 miliardi di lire,
while|ten|years|later|and|therefore|in the|the|deficit|of the|Liri|it was|equal|to|billion|of|lira
while ten years later, in 1984, the Liri deficit was equal to 3,000 billion lire,
praticamente all'incirca a 4 miliardi di euro.
practically|approximately|to|billion|of|euros
which is practically about 4 billion euros.
Nel 1993 Liri era il primo gruppo industriale italiano, con più di 500 imprese gestite e 400.000 addetti,
in the|Liri|it was|the|first|group|industrial|Italian|with|more|than|companies|managed|and|employees
In 1993, Liri was the first Italian industrial group, with more than 500 managed companies and 400,000 employees,
e il suo buro di bilancio era cresciuto a 10.000 miliardi di lire, equivalenti a 8 miliardi di oggi,
and|the|his|office|of|budget|it was|grown|to|billions|of|lira|equivalent|to|billion|of|today
and its budget office had grown to 10 trillion lire, equivalent to 8 billion today,
praticamente quasi una legge di bilancio, per farvi capire.
practically|almost|a|law|of|budget|to|to make you|understand
practically almost a budget law, to give you an idea.
Quindi abbiamo visto come agli inizi degli anni 90 la situazione delle imprese pubbliche non era sicuramente rosea.
therefore|we have|seen|how|in the|beginnings|of the|years|the|situation|of the|companies|public|not|it was|certainly|rosy
So we have seen how in the early 90s the situation of public enterprises was certainly not rosy.
Ma ancora non abbiamo spiegato perché avvennero le privatizzazioni,
but|still|not|we have|explained|why|they occurred|the|privatizations
But we still haven't explained why the privatizations took place,
in quanto gli politici italiani probabilmente sarebbero andati ad oltranza in questa situazione.
in|as|the|politicians|Italian|probably|they would be|gone|to|extreme|in|this|situation
because Italian politicians would probably have gone to extremes in this situation.
Ebbene, abbiamo visto già come negli anni 90 ci fu una progressiva e sempre più forte inclusione in un progetto europeo.
well|we have|seen|already|how|in the|years|there|there was|a|progressive|and|always|more|strong|inclusion|in|a|project|European
Well, we have already seen how in the 90s there was a gradual and increasingly strong inclusion in a European project.
Per poter accedere a questo progetto bisognava rispettare dei parametri non solo economici,
to|to be able|to access|to|this|project|it was necessary|to respect|some|parameters|not|only|economic
To access this project, it was necessary to meet parameters that were not only economic,
come ad esempio deficit di bilancio, inflazione, debito pubblico,
as|to|example|deficit|of|budget|inflation|debt|public
such as budget deficit, inflation, public debt,
ma anche alcuni regolamenti riguardanti le imprese e lo Stato.
but|also|some|regulations|regarding|the|businesses|and|the|State
but also some regulations concerning businesses and the State.
Sto parlando delle regole degli aiuti di Stato.
I am|talking|of the|rules|of the|aids|of|State
I am talking about the rules of state aid.
Forse alcuni potrebbero pensare che gli aiuti di Stato siano una regola malata ideata dalla Merkel o dai Juncker
perhaps|some|they could|to think|that|the|aids|of|State|they are|a|rule|sick|devised|by the|Merkel|or|by the|Juncker
Perhaps some might think that state aid is a sick rule devised by Merkel or Juncker.
post periodo crisi finanziaria del 2011.
after|period|crisis|financial|of the
after the financial crisis period of 2011.
In realtà l'origine di queste regole deriva dal 1957, dai trattati di Roma e dalla nascita della Comunità Economica Europea.
in|reality|the origin|of|these|rules|it derives|from the|from the|treaties|of|Rome|and|from the|birth|of the|Community|Economic|European
In fact, the origin of these rules dates back to 1957, from the Treaties of Rome and the birth of the European Economic Community.
Ad esempio l'articolo 92 del trattato di Roma cita
to|example|the article|of the|treaty|of|Rome|it states
For example, Article 92 of the Treaty of Rome states
«Salvo dergue contemplate dal presente trattato sono incompatibili con il mercato comune,
except|derogations|contemplated|by the|present|treaty|they are|incompatible|with|the|market|common
"Unless otherwise provided for in this treaty, aid granted by states is incompatible with the common market,
nella misura in cui incidono sugli scambi tra stati membri, gli aiuti concessi dagli stati,
in the|measure|in|which|they affect|on the|exchanges|between|states|members|the|aids|granted|by the|states
insofar as it affects trade between member states,
ovvero mediante risorse statali, sotto qualsiasi forma che, favorendo talunne imprese, talunne produzioni,
that is|by means of|resources|state|under|any|form|which|favoring|certain|businesses|certain|productions
that is, through state resources, in any form that, by favoring certain companies, certain productions,
falsino o minaccino di falsare la concorrenza».
they falsify|or|they threaten|to|to falsify|the|competition
distort or threaten to distort competition."
Queste regole ovviamente hanno un senso, in quanto se è vero che hanno creato un mercato economico più grande
these|rules|obviously|they have|a|sense|in|as|if|it is|true|that|they have|created|a|market|economic|larger|big
These rules obviously make sense, as it is true that they have created a larger economic market
e quindi permesso alle imprese di ogni Stato di avere una possibilità di crescita in più,
and|therefore|allowed|to the|businesses|to|every|State|to|to have|a|possibility|of|growth|in|more
and thus allowed companies from every state to have an additional opportunity for growth,
è vero anche che queste regole avrebbero potuto creare degli effetti distorsivi,
it is|true|also|that|these|rules|they would have|been able|to create|some|effects|distorting
It is also true that these rules could have created distorting effects,
come ad esempio la concorrenza sleale di alcune imprese aiutate dallo Stato nei confronti delle imprese straniere.
as|to|example|the|competition|unfair|of|some|companies|helped|by the|State|in the|regards|of the|companies|foreign
such as the unfair competition of some companies supported by the State against foreign companies.
Ecco perché sono nati i regolamenti per gli aiuti di Stato.
here|why|they are|born|the|regulations|for|the|aids|of|State
This is why regulations for state aid were created.
Però come abbiamo visto fino al 1990 diciamo che non sono stati molto seguiti non solo dall'Italia
however|as|we have|seen|until|to the|we say|that|not|they are|been|very|followed|not|only|by Italy
However, as we have seen, until 1990, they were not very followed not only by Italy.
ma anche dalle altre nazioni europee.
but|also|from the|other|nations|European
but also from other European nations.
Ma poi come abbiamo visto arrivano gli anni 90 e le regole per entrare nell'Unione Europea si fanno più stringenti
but|then|as|we have|seen|they arrive|the|years|and|the|rules|to|to enter|in the Union|European|themselves|they become|more|stringent
But then, as we saw, the 1990s arrive and the rules for entering the European Union become stricter.
e quindi il ministro per la concorrenza di quel tempo, cioè Van Miert,
and|therefore|the|minister|for|the|competition|of|that|time|that is|Van|Miert
and so the minister for competition at that time, namely Van Miert,
perché il The Guardian ha nominato come una delle persone più potenti e influenti in quel periodo,
because|the|The|Guardian|it has|named|as|a|of the|people|most|powerful|and|influential|in|that|period
because The Guardian named him as one of the most powerful and influential people during that period,
decise di stringere degli accordi tra gli stati in modo da far rispettare queste regole sugli aiuti di Stato
he/she decided|to|to tighten|some|agreements|between|the|states|in|way|to|to make|to respect|these|rules|on the|aids|of|State
decided to establish agreements between the states in order to enforce these rules on state aid
per procedere in maniera più spedita verso l'integrazione europea, la nascita dell'Unione Europea, del mercato unico e anche del Eurozona.
to|to proceed|in|manner|more|swift|towards|the integration|European|the|birth|of the Union|European|of the|market|single|and|also|of the|Eurozone
to proceed more swiftly towards European integration, the birth of the European Union, the single market, and also the Eurozone.
Nel 1993 avvenne l'accordo Andreat van Miert, proprio in questo senso, cioè far rispettare alle imprese pubbliche le regole sugli aiuti di Stato.
in the|it happened|the agreement|Andreat|van|Miert|just|in|this|sense|that is|to make|to respect|to the|companies|public|the|rules|on the|aids|of|State
In 1993, the Andreat van Miert agreement took place, precisely in this sense, that is, to enforce the rules on state aid for public enterprises.
E così da lì a poco l'IRI divenne da istituto pubblico a SPA, quindi ancora con gestione pubblica ma con regolamenti che erano adatti a delle imprese private.
and|so|from|there|to|little|the IRI|it became|from|institute|public|to|joint-stock company|therefore|still|with|management|public|but|with|regulations|that|they were|suitable|to|some|companies|private
And so shortly thereafter, the IRI transformed from a public institution to a joint-stock company, still under public management but with regulations suitable for private enterprises.
Dopo un lungo e faticoso processo di smantellamento dell'IRI, che in realtà doveva terminare secondo gli accordi il 1996, poi prolungato al 1997,
after|a|long|and|tiring|process|of|dismantling|of the IRI|which|in|reality|it had to|to end|according to|the|agreements|the|then|extended|to
After a long and arduous process of dismantling the IRI, which was supposed to end according to agreements in 1996, then extended to 1997,
in realtà l'IRI venne liquidata il 26 giugno 2000.
in|reality|the IRI|it was|liquidated|the|June
in reality the IRI was liquidated on June 26, 2000.
Quindi le privatizzazioni sono uno di quei casi in cui si può rispondere correttamente, anche se in modo parziale, come ce l'ha chiesto l'Europa.
therefore|the|privatizations|they are|one|of|those|cases|in|which|oneself|it is possible|to answer|correctly|also|if|in|way|partial|as|to us|that he/she has|asked|Europe
Therefore, privatizations are one of those cases where one can respond correctly, albeit partially, as Europe has asked us.
Anche se è bene specificare come l'Italia ha voluto entrare in Europa, in quanto all'inizio degli anni 90 i requisiti per poter accedere all'Unione Europea e all'Eurozona l'Italia non ne rispettava nessuno.
also|if|it is|good|to specify|how|Italy|it has|wanted|to enter|in|Europe|as|as|at the beginning|of the|years|the|requirements|to|to be able|to access|to the Union|European|and|to the Eurozone|Italy|not|any|it respected|none
Although it is worth specifying how Italy wanted to enter Europe, as at the beginning of the 90s Italy did not meet any of the requirements to access the European Union and the Eurozone.
In realtà con un forte impegno politico sono riusciti a raggiungere quasi tutti gli obiettivi per poter entrare all'Unione Europea e all'Eurozona.
in|reality|with|a|strong|commitment|political|they are|succeeded|to|to reach|almost|all|the|objectives|to|to be able|to enter|to the Union|European|and|to the Eurozone
In fact, with a strong political commitment, they managed to achieve almost all the objectives to enter the European Union and the Eurozone.
Quindi ce l'ha chiesto l'Europa? Sì, ma anche no. L'abbiamo voluto principalmente noi.
so|to us|he/she has|asked|Europe|yes|but|also|no|we have|wanted|mainly|us
So did Europe ask us? Yes, but also no. We mainly wanted it ourselves.
Quindi come avrete intuito Mario Draghi in questa storia non è che c'entra tantissimo.
so|how|you will|guessed|Mario|Draghi|in|this|story|not|he is|that|it relates|a lot
So as you may have guessed, Mario Draghi is not that involved in this story.
Dal 1991 al 2001 è stato direttore generale del Tesoro e la sua riforma più importante è stata quella di una riforma strutturale del diritto societario.
from|to|he is|been|director|general|of the|Treasury|and|the|his|reform|most|important|it is|been|that|of|a|reform|structural|of the|law|corporate
From 1991 to 2001, he was the director general of the Treasury, and his most important reform was a structural reform of corporate law.
Proprio per permettere a queste aziende diventate private di poter agire in un contesto di concorrenza nel modo più efficiente possibile anche dal punto di vista burocratico e giudiziario.
exactly|for|to allow|to|these|companies|become|private|to|to be able|to act|in|a|context|of|competition|in the|way|most|efficient|possible|also|from the|point|of|view|bureaucratic|and|judicial
Precisely to allow these companies that have become private to operate in a competitive context in the most efficient way possible, also from a bureaucratic and judicial point of view.
Ovviamente le privatizzazioni sono state una decisione politica proveniente dai partiti politici all'interno del Parlamento che hanno voluto fortemente raggiungere l'integrazione europea
obviously|the|privatizations|they are|been|a|decision|political|coming|from the|parties|political|within|of the|Parliament|that|they have|they wanted|strongly|to reach|the integration|European
Obviously, the privatizations were a political decision coming from the political parties within Parliament that strongly wanted to achieve European integration.
e per poterla raggiungere dovevano rispettare tutti questi requisiti.
and|to|to be able to|to reach|they had to|to respect|all|these|requirements
And to achieve it, they had to meet all these requirements.
E le privatizzazioni hanno aiutato per raggiungere appunto l'integrazione europea.
and|the|privatizations|they have|helped|to|to reach|precisely|the integration|European
And the privatizations helped to achieve European integration.
Quindi dare la colpa a Mario Draghi è un po' richiamare la storia del chicken game.
so|to give|the|blame|to|Mario|Draghi|it is|a|a bit|to recall|the|history|of the|chicken|game
So blaming Mario Draghi is somewhat reminiscent of the history of the chicken game.
Se non sapete di cosa sto parlando vi consiglio di andare a recuperare questo video che metto da qualche parte o link in descrizione.
if|not|you know|of|what|I am|talking|to you|I recommend|to|to go|to|to recover|this|video|that|I put|in|some|place|or|link|in|description
If you don't know what I'm talking about, I recommend you go find this video that I'll post somewhere or link in the description.
Insomma dare sempre la colpa a qualcun altro rispetto che a noi stessi.
in short|to give|always|the|blame|to|||compared|to|to|us|selves
In short, always blaming someone else instead of ourselves.
Ora bisogna vedere se effettivamente le privatizzazioni sono state un male per l'Italia.
now|it is necessary|to see|if|actually|the|privatizations|they are|been|a|bad|for|Italy
Now we need to see if privatizations have actually been a bad thing for Italy.
Allora iniziamo dal dire che le privatizzazioni avevano molteplici obiettivi.
then|we start|from|to say|that|the|privatizations|they had|multiple|objectives
So let's start by saying that privatizations had multiple objectives.
Tra i più importanti ce ne erano principalmente due.
among|the|most|important|there|of them|they were|mainly|two
Among the most important, there were mainly two.
Il primo era quello di risanare una parte di finanze pubbliche e quindi aiutare l'Italia a raggiungere gli obiettivi europei come quelli del debito pubblico o del deficit pubblico.
the|first|it was|that|to|to restore|a|part|of|finances|public|and|therefore|to help|Italy|to|to reach|the|objectives|European|such as|those|of the|debt|public|or|of the|deficit|public
The first was to restore a part of public finances and thus help Italy achieve European objectives such as those related to public debt or public deficit.
Il secondo obiettivo era quello proprio di rispettare la regola degli aiuti di Stato e rendere il sistema economico molto più competitivo e aperto ai mercati internazionali.
the|second|objective|it was|that|exactly|to|to respect|the|rule|of the|aids|of|State|and|to make|the|system|economic|very|more|competitive|and|open|to the|markets|international
The second objective was to comply with the state aid rule and make the economic system much more competitive and open to international markets.
Nel primo obiettivo possiamo tranquillamente affermare che è stato raggiunto.
in the|first|objective|we can|calmly|to affirm|that|it is|been|reached
In the first objective, we can confidently say that it has been achieved.
Se infatti nel 1993 il deficit del Liri era pari a 10.000 miliardi di lire, nel 2000 quando è stato chiuso Liri, il bilancio del Liri era pari ad un attivo di 8.000 miliardi.
if|in fact|in the|the|deficit|of the|Lira|it was|equal|to|billions|of|lira|in the|when|it is|been|closed|Lira|the|balance|of the|Lira|it was|equal|to|a|surplus|of|billions
In fact, if in 1993 the Liri deficit was equal to 10,000 billion lire, by 2000 when Liri was closed, the Liri budget had a surplus of 8,000 billion.
Quindi praticamente la situazione è stata ribaltata.
therefore|practically|the|situation|it is|been|overturned
So practically the situation has been turned around.
E i soldi arrivati al tesoro tramite la vendita di imprese pubbliche a soggetti privati è stata pari alla fine dell'era delle privatizzazioni pari a 107.000 miliardi di lire.
and|the|money|arrived|to the|treasury|through|the|sale|of|companies|public|to|subjects|private|it is|been|equal|to the|end|of the era|of the|privatizations|equal|to|billions|of|lira
And the money that reached the treasury through the sale of public enterprises to private entities was equal at the end of the privatization era to 107,000 billion lire.
Quindi le privatizzazioni sono state un vero e proprio successo per risanare i conti pubblici italiani.
therefore|the|privatizations|they are|they have been|a|true|and|proper|success|to|to restore|the|accounts|public|Italian
So the privatizations have been a real success in restoring the Italian public accounts.
E invece se prendiamo il lato della performance delle aziende diventate private, come stiamo messi?
and|instead|if|we take|the|side|of the|performance|of the|companies|become|private|how|we are|placed
And what about the performance of the companies that became private, how are we doing?
Che contributo hanno dato alla crescita economica del paese?
what|contribution|they have|given|to the|growth|economic|of the|country
What contribution have they made to the country's economic growth?
Eh, lì la situazione è un po' più complessa, però possiamo dire che sicuramente non sono stati raggiunti gli obiettivi sperati.
eh|there|the|situation|it is|a|little|more|complex|but|we can|to say|that|certainly|not|they are|been|reached|the|objectives|hoped for
Well, there the situation is a bit more complex, but we can say that the hoped-for objectives have certainly not been achieved.
Ma spieghiamo meglio.
but|we explain|better
But let's explain better.
L'idea di fondo delle privatizzazioni è quella di lasciare le imprese a se stesse in un contesto di concorrenza.
the idea|of|bottom|of the|privatizations|it is|that|to|to leave|the|companies|to|themselves|themselves|in|a|context|of|competition
The underlying idea of privatizations is to leave companies to themselves in a competitive context.
Se infatti prima le imprese erano sostenute dai finanziamenti costanti dello Stato, in questo caso per sopravvivere devono battere la concorrenza.
if|in fact|before|the|companies|they were|supported|by the|funding|constant|of the|State|in|this|case|to|to survive|they must|to beat|the|competition
If previously companies were supported by constant state funding, in this case, to survive they must beat the competition.
E quindi si creano degli stimoli per innovare la propria produzione, essere più efficienti e quindi creare più ricchezza economica.
and|therefore|themselves|they create|some|stimuli|to|to innovate|the|own|production|to be|more|efficient|and|therefore|to create|more|wealth|economic
And so incentives are created to innovate their production, be more efficient, and thus create more economic wealth.
Peccato che tutto ciò in Italia non avvenne.
pity|that|everything|this|in|Italy|not|it happened
It's a shame that all this did not happen in Italy.
Se infatti, come abbiamo visto, le imprese pubbliche non erano fortissime e producevano parecchie perdite che erano tutte compensate dai contribuenti italiani,
if|in fact|as|we have|seen|the|enterprises|public|not|they were|very strong|and|they produced|several|losses|that|they were|all|compensated|by the|taxpayers|Italian
In fact, as we have seen, public enterprises were not very strong and incurred significant losses that were all covered by Italian taxpayers,
Allo stesso modo si potrebbe dire anche delle imprese private che stavano subendo una forte crisi economica,
to the|same|way|oneself|it could|to say|also|of the|enterprises|private|that|they were|undergoing|a|strong|crisis|economic
Similarly, one could also say about private enterprises that were undergoing a severe economic crisis,
soprattutto perché il mondo sta diventando sempre più globalizzato e sempre stava avendo una struttura particolare che le imprese private italiane non erano riuscite a cogliere.
especially|because|the|world|it is|becoming|always|more|globalized|and|always|it was|having|a|structure|particular|that|the|enterprises|private|Italian|not|they were|succeeded|to|to grasp
especially because the world is becoming increasingly globalized and was always taking on a particular structure that Italian private enterprises had not managed to grasp.
In tutto ciò la vendita delle imprese pubbliche avvenne in un conflitto di interessi.
in|all|this|the|sale|of the|companies|public|it happened|in|a|conflict|of|interests
In all this, the sale of public enterprises took place in a conflict of interest.
Infatti una delle critiche maggiori che fanno gli economisti era quella che durante l'era delle privatizzazioni c'era una collusione tra elite politica ed elite imprenditoriale.
in fact|a|of the|criticisms|major|that|they make|the|economists|it was|that|that|during|the era|of the|privatizations|there was|a|collusion|between|elite|political|and|elite|entrepreneurial
In fact, one of the major criticisms made by economists was that during the era of privatizations there was a collusion between the political elite and the entrepreneurial elite.
Infatti le imprese pubbliche vennero vendute a imprenditori affermati che non sfruttarono questa occasione per rimodernizzare le imprese e cogliere quel progresso globale di cui accennavamo prima.
in fact|the|companies|public|they were|sold|to|entrepreneurs|established|who|not|they exploited|this|opportunity|to|to modernize|the|companies|and|to seize|that|progress|global|of|which|we mentioned|before
Indeed, public enterprises were sold to established entrepreneurs who did not take this opportunity to modernize the companies and seize the global progress we mentioned earlier.
In realtà vennero sfruttate come delle rendite, praticamente il business si incentrò soprattutto in settori oligopolistici o comunque fortemente regolamentati dallo Stato,
in|reality|they were|exploited|as|of the|rents|practically|the|business|it|it centered|especially|in|sectors|oligopolistic|or|anyway|strongly|regulated|by the|State
In reality, they were exploited as rents; practically, the business focused mainly on oligopolistic sectors or anyway heavily regulated by the State,
in cui appunto la concorrenza era molto scarsa e quindi potevano vivere di rendite.
in|which|precisely|the|competition|it was|very|scarce|and|therefore|they could|to live|of|income
in which competition was very scarce and therefore they could live off rents.
Praticamente lo Stato ha detto andate imprese pubbliche, andate e privatizzatevi e poi alla fine queste imprese si sono ritrovate lo stesso in contesti di mercato fortemente regolamentati dallo Stato italiano.
basically|the|State|it has|said|go|enterprises|public|go|and|privatize yourselves|and|then|to the|end|these|enterprises|themselves|they are|found|the|same|in|contexts|of|market|strongly|regulated|by the|State|Italian
Basically, the State said go public enterprises, go and privatize yourselves and then in the end these enterprises found themselves in strongly regulated market contexts by the Italian State.
Quindi è stata una privatizzazione ma mai completa fino in fondo.
therefore|it is|it was|a|privatization|but|never|complete|until|in|end
So it was a privatization but never fully complete.
E quindi analizzando questi eventi possiamo dire che privatizzare è sbagliato soprattutto per quanto riguarda le performance delle aziende?
and|therefore|analyzing|these|events|we can|to say|that|to privatize|it is|wrong|especially|for|as much|it concerns|the|performance|of the|companies
And so analyzing these events can we say that privatizing is wrong especially regarding the performance of companies?
In realtà no, perché appunto come abbiamo visto questo processo di privatizzazione in Italia è stato fatto abbastanza male.
in|reality|no|because|precisely|as|we have|seen|this|process|of|privatization|in|Italy|it is|been|done|quite|badly
In fact no, because as we have seen this process of privatization in Italy has been done quite poorly.
Se andiamo all'estero infatti molte imprese hanno visto molto spesso un processo simile a quello italiano.
if|we go|abroad|in fact|many|companies|they have|seen|very|often|a|process|similar|to|that|Italian
If we look abroad, in fact, many companies have often seen a process similar to the Italian one.
Infatti Van Myrthe è stato definito l'uomo più potente d'Europa in quel periodo proprio perché non solo l'Italia non rispettava le regole sugli aiuti di Stato ma anche tutte le altre nazioni.
in fact|Van|Myrthe|he is|been|defined|the man|most|powerful|of Europe|in|that|period|precisely|because|not|only|Italy|not|it was respecting|the|rules|on the|aids|of|State|but|also|all|the|other|nations
In fact, Van Myrthe was defined as the most powerful man in Europe at that time precisely because not only did Italy not respect the rules on state aid but also all the other nations.
In questo senso però le altre nazioni sono riuscite a dare un nuovo slancio alle imprese e farle agganciare all'economia globale.
in|this|sense|however|the|other|nations|they are|succeeded|to|to give|a|new|momentum|to the|companies|and|to make them|to hook|to the economy|global
In this sense, however, the other nations have managed to give a new impetus to companies and connect them to the global economy.
Tutto ciò invece non è avvenuto in Italia.
everything|that|instead|not|it is|happened|in|Italy
All this, however, did not happen in Italy.
Quindi se si vuole dare un giudizio riguardo le privatizzazioni, soprattutto paragonandolo con il contesto estero,
therefore|if|one|he/she wants|to give|a|judgment|regarding|the|privatizations|especially|comparing it|with|the|context|foreign
So if one wants to give a judgment regarding privatizations, especially comparing it with the foreign context,
possiamo definirle più un'occasione persa rispetto a un totale fallimento,
we can|to define them|more|an opportunity|lost|compared|to|a|total|failure
we can define them more as a missed opportunity rather than a total failure,
in quanto le prospettive potevano esserci ma non sono state sfruttate né dalla politica né dalla classe imprenditoriale vigente in quel periodo.
in|as|the|prospects|they could|to be there|but|not|they are|been|exploited|nor|by the|politics|nor|by the|class|entrepreneurial|current|in|that|period
since the prospects could have been there but were not exploited either by politics or by the business class in power at that time.
Signori, siamo arrivati alla fine del video, spero di avervi interessato in questo argomento e di aver sfatato qualche mito.
gentlemen|we are|arrived|to the|end|of the|video|I hope|to|to have you|interested|in|this|topic|and|to|to have|debunked|some|myth
Gentlemen, we have reached the end of the video, I hope I have piqued your interest in this topic and debunked some myths.
Ringrazio gli abbonati per sostenermi in questo progetto, se volete partecipare anche voi il link è in descrizione come al solito
I thank|the|subscribers|for|to support me|in|this|project|if|you want|to participate|also|you|the|link|it is|in|description|as|to the|usual
I thank the subscribers for supporting me in this project, if you want to participate as well, the link is in the description as usual.
e ci vediamo al prossimo video aspettando Mario Draghi se effettivamente salirà o meno al governo.
and|us|we see|to the|next|video|waiting for|Mario|Draghi|if|effectively|he will rise|or|less|to the|government
And I'll see you in the next video while we wait to see if Mario Draghi will actually take office or not.
Per il resto vi saluto, vi ringrazio per essere arrivati fin qui e ci vediamo al prossimo video.
for|the|rest|you|I greet|you|I thank|for|to be|arrived|here|here|and|us|we see|to the|next|video
For the rest, I greet you, thank you for making it this far, and I'll see you in the next video.
Alla prossima!
to the|next
See you next time!
Sottotitoli e revisione a cura di QTSS
subtitles|and|revision|by|care|of|QTSS
Subtitles and review by QTSS
PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=6.6 PAR_CWT:AtMXdqlc=14.8
en:AtMXdqlc
openai.2025-02-07
ai_request(all=70 err=0.00%) translation(all=138 err=0.00%) cwt(all=2048 err=0.24%)