El Síndrome del Impostor the|syndrome|of the|impostor Das Hochstapler-Syndrom Le syndrome de l'imposteur La sindrome dell'impostore インポスター・シンドローム Het impostorsyndroom Syndrom oszusta A síndrome do impostor The Impostor Syndrome

Muchas personas, sin saberlo, experimentan lo que se conoce como el "Síndrome del Impostor" many|people|without|||it|that|themselves|it is known|as|the|syndrome|of the|impostor Many people, unknowingly, experience what is known as the "Impostor Syndrome"

Son personas que, a pesar de tener una carrera profesional exitosa, they are|people|who|to|despite|of|to have|a|career|professional|successful They are people who, despite having a successful professional career,

logros académicos, elogios y reconocimiento a achievements|academic|praises|and|recognition|to academic achievements, praise, and recognition to

raudales, a pesar de todo eso, se sienten como impostores. raudales||||||||| torrents|to|despite|of|all|that|themselves|they feel|like|impostors floods, despite all that, they feel like impostors.

Creen que todo lo que han logrado ha sido debido a golpes they believe|that|everything|it|that|they have|achieved|it has|been|due|to|blows They believe that everything they have achieved has been due to strokes

de suerte o a otros factores externos a ellos, y no algo relacionado con una of|luck|or|to|other|factors|external|to|them|and|not|something|related|to|a of luck or other external factors, and not something related to a

buena capacidad o con sus aptitudes. Y lo peor de todo es que viven con el miedo good|capacity|or|with|their|aptitudes|and|the|worst|of|all|it is|that|they live|with|the|fear good ability or their skills. And the worst part is that they live with the fear

constante a que en un momento se destape el pastel y que todo el mundo |||||||destape||||||| constant|to|that|in|a|moment|itself|it uncovers|the|cake|and|that|all|the|world constant that at some point the cake will be uncovered and everyone

descubra que no son más que un gran fraude. ¿Por qué les ocurre esto?, ¿qué it discovers|that|not|they are|more|than|a|great|fraud|why|what|to them|it happens|this|what will discover that it is nothing more than a big fraud. Why does this happen to them? What

podemos hacer? Es lo que vamos a ver en esta píldora we can|to do|it is|the|that|we are going|to|to see|in|this|pill can we do? This is what we are going to see in this capsule.

Esto es lo típico de lo que no eres consciente hasta que un día lo oyes y this|it is|the|typical|of|what|that|not|you are|aware|until|that|a|day|it|you hear|and This is the typical thing that you are not aware of until one day you hear it and

dices: "¡Ostras, pero pero si esto es lo que me pasa a mí toda la vida!" you say|wow|but||if|this|it is|the|that|to me|happens|to|me|all|the|life you say: "Wow, but this is what happens to me all my life!"

Este término de "síndrome del impostor" fue acuñado a finales de los años ´70 this|term|of|syndrome|of the|impostor|it was|coined|in|the end|of|the|years This term "impostor syndrome" was coined in the late 1970s

por dos psicólogas americanas, y a pesar de no ser un trastorno oficial by|two|psychologists|American|and|in|spite|of|not|to be|an|disorder|official by two American psychologists, and despite not being an official disorder

como los que se recogen en el DSM o en la CIE (como la depresión o la ansiedad) |||||||DSM||||CID|||||| like|the|those|themselves|they collect|in|the|DSM|or|in|the|ICD|like|the|depression|or|the|anxiety like those listed in the DSM or ICD (such as depression or anxiety)

sí que es un fenómeno psicológico muy yes|that|it is|a|phenomenon|psychological|very it is indeed a very known psychological phenomenon,

conocido, es bastante frecuente en las consultas de psicología y también ha known|it is|quite|frequent|in|the|consultations|of|psychology|and|also|it has it is quite common in psychology consultations and has also

recibido bastante atención por parte de los investigadores. received|quite|attention|by|part|of|the|researchers received considerable attention from researchers.

Como os contaba en la introducción, quienes sufren este síndrome del impostor son as|you|I was telling|in|the|introduction|those who|they suffer|this|syndrome|of the|impostor|they are As I mentioned in the introduction, those who suffer from this impostor syndrome are

incapaces de internalizar a sus propios logros unable|to|internalize|their|their|own|achievements unable to internalize their own achievements

a pesar de tener indicadores externos que les muestran que son competentes. in|spite|of|having|indicators|external|that|to them|they show|that|they are|competent despite having external indicators that show them they are competent.

Están convencidos de que son un fraude y que en realidad they are|convinced|that|that|they are|a|fraud|and|that|in|reality They are convinced that they are a fraud and that in reality

no merecen el éxito que han conseguido. Asumen que el éxito (cuando lo tienen) se not|they deserve|the|success|that|they have|achieved|they assume|that|the|success|when|it|they have| they do not deserve the success they have achieved. They assume that success (when they have it) is

debe a la suerte a coincidencias, o haber generado una falsa impresión en los it must|to|the|luck|to|coincidences|or|having|generated|a|false|impression|on|the they attribute their success to luck or coincidences, or have created a false impression in others,

demás, pero no achacan el éxito a su propia inteligencia o a su capacidad. |||atribuem|||||||||| |but|not|they attribute|the|success|to|their|own|intelligence|or|to|their|capacity but do not credit their success to their own intelligence or ability.

Las personas que experimentan este síndrome del impostor, por ejemplo, the|people|who|they experience|this|syndrome|of the|impostor|for|example People who experience this impostor syndrome, for example,

explican las buenas notas que han sacado por haber tenido suerte, porque "el examen they explain|the|good|grades|that|they have|obtained|for|having|had|luck|because|the|exam explain the good grades they have received as a result of luck, because "the exam

era fácil", porque "me ha tocado la que me sabía", etc. y no tanto por haber estudiado un it was|easy|because|to me|it has|touched|the|that|to me|I knew|etc|and|not|so much|for|having|studied|a it was easy", because "I got the one I knew", etc. and not so much for having studied a

montón, haber entregado las asignaturas al día o simplemente por ser inteligentes. ||||matérias||||||| |||||||||for|| lot, having submitted assignments on time, or simply for being intelligent.

También por ejemplo quienes Also for example those

tienen este síndrome creen que les han ascendido en el |||||||risen|| who have this syndrome believe that they have been promoted in the

trabajo no por su capacidad o o su valor para la empresa, sino porque han generado work|not|for|their|capacity|or||their|value|for|the|company|but|because|they have|generated they work not for their ability or their value to the company, but because they have generated

una falsa impresión de los demás y no se dan cuenta que no valen tanto, etc. Es a|false|impression|of|the|others|and|not|themselves|they give|account|that|not|they are worth|so much|etc|it is a false impression of others and do not realize that they are not worth as much, etc. It is

decir, siempre atribuyen aquello positivo a factores externos a ellos, ajenos a su control. ||||||||||estranhos||| to say|always|they attribute|that|positive|to|factors|external|to|themselves|alien|to|their|control to say, they always attribute the positive to external factors beyond their control.

¿Pero por qué gente tan válida y tan competente cree sistemáticamente que son impostores, but|for|why|people|so|valid|and|so|competent|she/he believes|systematically|that|they are|impostors But why do such valid and competent people systematically believe that they are impostors,

a pesar de que todas esas evidencias que demuestran lo contrario? to|despite|of|that|all|those|evidence|that|they demonstrate|the|opposite despite all the evidence that proves otherwise?

En un estudio que se hizo en el año 78 in|a|study|that|itself|it did|in|the|year In a study conducted in 1978

se vio que los impostores podían clasificarse en dos grupos en función de itself|it saw|that|the|impostors|they could|to classify themselves|into|two|groups|in|function|of it was found that impostors could be classified into two groups based on

la historia familiar que el que habían tenido. the|history|family|that|the|that|they had|had the family history they had.

Por un lado estarían aquellos con un hermano, o con alguien muy cercano, for|a|side|they would be|those|with|a|brother|or|with|someone|very|close On one hand, there would be those with a brother, or with someone very close,

que desde siempre había sido considerado como "el inteligente" that|since|always|he/she had|been|considered|as|the|intelligent who has always been considered "the smart one"

Esto genera la sensación en el otro hermano de que haga lo que haga nunca va this|it generates|the|sensation|in|the|other|brother|of|that|he/she does|what|that|he/she does|never|he/she goes This creates the feeling in the other brother that no matter what he does, he will never

a poder demostrar su valía, que nunca va a poder estar a la altura de su hermano. to|to be able|to demonstrate|his|worth|that|never|he/she goes|to|to be able|to be|at|the|height|of|his|brother be able to prove his worth, that he will never be able to measure up to his brother.

Más adelante, cuando llegan a la escuela se abre la more|ahead|when|they arrive|to|the|school|itself|it opens|the Later, when they arrive at school, the

oportunidad de demostrar que sí que valen tanto como su hermano como su hermano opportunity|to|to demonstrate|that|yes|that|they are worth|as much|as|their|brother|as|their|brother opportunity arises to prove that they are just as capable as their brother as their brother

Pero lo que pasa es que, a pesar de sacar unos resultados iguales o but|the|that|it happens|it is|that|to|despite|of|to get|some|results|equal|or But what happens is that, despite achieving results equal to or

mejores a los del otro hermano (a los que se considera como "el inteligente") better|than|the|of the|other|brother|to|the|that|themselves|it is considered|as|the|intelligent better than those of the other brother (who is considered "the smart one")

el resto de la familia no cambia de opinión, y siguen considerando al otro the|rest|of|the|family|not|it changes|of|opinion|and|they continue|considering|the|other the rest of the family does not change their opinion, and they continue to consider the other

hermano como inteligente y al impostor como el que no llega al su nivel. brother||||||||||||| brother as intelligent and the impostor as the one who does not reach his level.

Al final nuestro "impostor" acaba pensando que su familia tiene razón y empieza a dudar ||||||||||||||duvidar in the|end|our|impostor|he ends|thinking|that|his|family|it has|reason|and|he begins|to|to doubt In the end, our "impostor" ends up thinking that his family is right and starts to doubt

de su propia inteligencia o de su propia capacidad, pensando que todo lo que ha of|his|own|intelligence|or|of|his|own|capacity|thinking|that|everything|that|that|he has his own intelligence or his own ability, thinking that everything he has

conseguido ha sido por suerte o por casualidad. achieved|it has|been|by|luck|or|by|chance what has been achieved has been by luck or by chance.

Y es así como en esa persona surge el síndrome del impostor. and|it is|this way|as|in|that|person|it arises|the|syndrome|of the|impostor And this is how the impostor syndrome arises in that person.

Pero también abrió otra vía distinta por but|also|it opened|another|way|different|by But it also opened another different avenue through

la cual se podría originar: sería la de aquellos a quienes desde pequeños siempre se the|which|itself|it could|to originate|it would be|the|of|those|to|whom|from|small|always|themselves which it could originate: it would be for those who since childhood have always been

les ha dicho que son superiores en inteligencia, to them|she has|said|that|they are|superior|in|intelligence they have been told that they are superior in intelligence,

en personalidad, talento, belleza, etc. Pero lo que pasa es que más adelante, cuando se in|personality|talent|beauty|etc|but|the|that|happens|it is|that|more|ahead|| in personality, talent, beauty, etc. But what happens is that later on, when they

enfrentan con la vida real, se dan cuenta que también tienen que esforzarse para they face|with|the|life|real|themselves|they give|account|that|also|they have|to|to strive|to face real life, they realize that they also have to work hard to

conseguir sus objetivos, sienten que no son tan superiores como les habían dicho. to achieve|their|objectives|they feel|that|not|they are|so|superior|as|to them|they had|said achieve their goals, they feel that they are not as superior as they were told.

Y entonces aparece la sensación de ser and|then|it appears|the|sensation|of|to be And then the feeling of being

unos impostores y el miedo a ser descubiertos y defraudar a todos some|impostors|and|the|fear|to|to be|discovered|and|to defraud|to|everyone impostors appears, along with the fear of being discovered and letting down all

aquellos que les tenían en tan buena estima, y pensaban que eran superiores. those|who|to them|they had|in|such|good|esteem|and|they thought|that|they were|superior those who held them in such high regard, thinking they were superior.

La cuestión es que, conforme van the|question|is|that|as|they go The question is that, as they go on

creciendo estas personas, acaban desarrollando distintas estrategias o growing|these|people|they end up|developing|different|strategies|or growing up, these people end up developing different strategies or

distintos recursos para intentar compensar esa creencia de de ser unos different|resources|to|to try|to compensate|that|belief|of|to|to be|some different resources to try to compensate for that belief of being some

impostores. Quizá la estrategia más frecuente es la |perhaps|the|strategy|most|frequent|it is|the impostors. Perhaps the most common strategy is to

de emplear dosis de esfuerzo y de trabajo muy superiores a las del resto of|to employ|doses|of|effort|and|of|work|very|superior|to|the|of the|rest employ doses of effort and work that are much higher than those of others.

de la gente; como siempre está el miedo a que les descubran, la of|the|people|||||||||discover| of the people; as there is always the fear of being discovered, the

persona estudia mucho más o trabaja mucho más duro para intentar evitar que ||||||||||||that person studies much more or works much harder to try to avoid being

le descubran. Esto es algo que desgasta un montón, porque |||||that|wears out||| discovered. This is something that wears you out a lot, because

genera la sensación de siempre estar llegando por los pelos a las cosas it generates|the|sensation|of|always|to be|arriving|by|the|hairs|to|the|things it creates the feeling of always just barely making it to things.

pero nunca conseguirlo. Aunque la estrategia funciona, pero lo but|never|to achieve it|although|the|strategy|it works|but|it but never achieve it. Although the strategy works, it

hace solamente a corto plazo, ya que no se dirige al verdadero núcleo del it does|only|to|short|term|already|that|not|itself|it directs|to the|true|core|of the only works in the short term, as it does not address the true core of the

problema. Otro recurso que a veces también llevan problem|another|resource|that|to|sometimes|also|they carry problem. Another resource that impostors sometimes also use

a cabo los impostores es el de fingir: se crean un papel que |||||||to pretend|themselves|they create|a|role|that is to pretend: they create a role that

interpretan en función de lo que creen que los demás esperan de ellos, y de esa they interpret|in|function|of|what|that|they believe|that|the|others|they expect|from|them|and|of|that they interpret based on what they believe others expect from them, and in that

manera intentan asegurarse la aprobación por parte de los demás. |||||||of|| way they try to ensure approval from others.

Pero esto implica que prácticamente nunca dejan ver sus But this implies that they practically never show their

propios puntos de vista, sus opiniones o ideas, porque tienen miedo de own viewpoints, opinions, or ideas, because they are afraid of

meter la pata, de que sus ideas no sean las correctas, que estén mal y y to put|the|paw|of|that|your|ideas|not|they are|the|correct|that|they are|wrong|and|and to mess up, that their ideas are not correct, that they are wrong and

ser rechazados por por culpa de los eso. to be|rejected|for||fault|of|the|that to be rejected because of that.

Entonces, ¿se puede superar el síndrome del impostor? then|itself|it can|to overcome|the|syndrome|of the|impostor So, can the impostor syndrome be overcome?

Sí, pero no es fácil. Puede a veces yes|but|not|it is|easy|it can|to|times Yes, but it's not easy. It can sometimes

requerir ayuda, porque habitualmente es algo que la persona lleva to require|help|because|habitually|it is|something|that|the|person|she carries to require help, because it is usually something that the person has been carrying

arrastrando durante muchos años, a veces incluso desde la niñez. dragging|for|many|years|to|sometimes|even|since|the|childhood for many years, sometimes even since childhood.

El objetivo para poder superar esto es romper la the|objective|in order to|to be able to|to overcome|this|it is|to break|the The goal to overcome this is to break the

dependencia con respecto a las opiniones de los demás, ganar objetividad a la hora dependence|with|regarding|to|the|opinions|of|the|others|to gain|objectivity|at|the|time dependency on the opinions of others, to gain objectivity when it comes to

de valorarse a uno mismo, y hacerlo al menos de la misma manera con la que se of|to value oneself|to|oneself|same|and|to do it|at the|least|of|the|same|way|with|the|that|itself to value oneself, and to do so at least in the same way as one

valora a otras personas. it values|to|other|people values other people.

Se intenta que esa persona aprenda a itself|it tries|that|that|person|she learns|to The aim is for that person to learn to

reconocer sus propias capacidades, sus propias limitaciones, aceptar y to recognize|her|own|capacities|her|own|limitations|to accept|and recognize their own abilities, their own limitations, to accept and

agradecer los cumplidos. De esa manera, poco a poco, va a romper la to thank|the|compliments|in|that|way|little|to|little|it goes|to|to break|the thank the compliments. In this way, little by little, you will break the

dependencia del juicio externo y poco a poco se va a sentir un poquito menos impostor. dependence|of the|judgment|external|and|little|to|little|itself|it goes|to|to feel|a|little|less|impostor dependence on external judgment and little by little you will feel a little less like an impostor.

Y hasta aquí otra píldora de psicología, espero que os haya gustado. and|until|here|another|pill|of|psychology|I hope|that|you|it has|liked And that's it for another psychology nugget, I hope you liked it.

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Y recordad que ya tenéis en las librerías "Hijos y padres felices", una guía para disfrutar de la crianza. and|remember|that|already|you have|in|the|bookstores|children|and|parents|happy|a|guide|to|to enjoy|of|the|upbringing And remember that you already have "Happy Children and Parents" in bookstores, a guide to enjoy parenting.

¡Esperamos que os guste! La semana que viene, ¡más píldoras! we hope|that|you (plural|it pleases|the|week|that|coming|more|pills We hope you like it! Next week, more pills!

¡Un saludooooo! a|health (exclamation A big hellooooo!