E2: Srbija i srpska kultura E2: Serbien und serbische Kultur E2: Serbia and Serbian culture E2: Serbia y la cultura serbia E2: Serbia e cultura serba E2: Сербия и сербская культура

Dobar dan i dobro došli u drugu po redu epizodu Serbian Language Podcast. Good afternoon and welcome to the second episode of the Serbian Language Podcast. Добрый день и добро пожаловать на второй выпуск подкаста на сербском языке. Ja sam Nikola Pujić, student srpskog jezika i onlajn nastavnik, i ovde sam da bih vam pomogao u učenju. I'm Nikola Pujić, a Serbian language student and online teacher, and I'm here to help you learn. Prošli put smo govorili o tome kako učimo jezik, a sada ćemo govoriti o Srbiji i srpskoj kulturi, a naravno, govorićemo o ovome i u budućim epizodama. Last time we talked about how we learn the language, and now we will talk about Serbia and Serbian culture, and of course, we will talk about this in future episodes. В прошлый раз мы говорили о том, как мы учим язык, а теперь поговорим о Сербии и сербской культуре, и, конечно же, поговорим об этом в будущих сериях. Skuvajte kafu, sedite udobno, nova epizoda može da počne! Make your coffee, sit comfortably, the new episode can begin!

Srbija se nalazi na Balkanskom poluostrvu, odnosno na Balkanu. Serbia is located on the Balkan Peninsula, i.e. in the Balkans. Nalazi se na centru raskrsnice mnogih puteva koji vode ka južnoj Evropi. It is located at the center of the crossroads of many roads leading to southern Europe. Он расположен в центре перекрестка многих дорог, ведущих в южную Европу. Takav položaj je veoma povoljan za ekonomiju, a brojni putevi i autoputevi se još uvek grade. Such a position is very favorable for the economy, and numerous roads and highways are still under construction. Такое положение очень благоприятно для экономики, и многочисленные дороги и автомагистрали все еще строятся. Teritorija na kojoj se nalazi Srbija ima tragove naseobina koje su veoma stare, čak i do 9.000 godina pre nove ere. The territory where Serbia is located has traces of settlements that are very old, even up to 9,000 years BC. На территории, где расположена Сербия, есть следы поселений очень древних, даже до 9000 лет до н.э.

Srbija ima oko sedam miliona stanovnika, međutim, taj broj se smanjuje svake godine. Serbia has about seven million inhabitants, however, that number is decreasing every year. Naime, Srbija gubi svake godine oko trideset do šezdeset hiljada stanovnika, što je broj veličine manjeg grada. Namely, Serbia loses about thirty to sixty thousand inhabitants every year, which is the number of the size of a small city. А именно, Сербия ежегодно теряет от тридцати до шестидесяти тысяч жителей, что соответствует размеру небольшого города. Dakle, svake godine jedan manji grad u Srbiji nestane, a broj emigranata sve više raste. Therefore, every year one small town in Serbia disappears, and the number of emigrants grows more and more. Поэтому каждый год в Сербии исчезает один маленький городок, а число эмигрантов растёт всё больше. Prema istraživanjima sprovedenim 2018/2019 godine, skoro 75% mladih ispitanika želi da napusti Srbiju. According to research conducted in 2018/2019, almost 75% of young respondents want to leave Serbia. Razlozi za odlazak iz zemlje su različiti. The reasons for leaving the country are different. Iako je ekonomija Srbije možda i ojačala u poslednje vreme, glavni razlog za odlazak je ipak – politika. Although Serbia's economy may have strengthened recently, the main reason for leaving is politics. Хотя экономика Сербии в последнее время, возможно, и укрепилась, основной причиной ухода является политика.

Pored svega toga, Srbi žive u veselju ili bolje reći – žive za veselje. Darüber hinaus leben Serben in Freude, oder besser gesagt - sie leben für Freude. In addition to all that, Serbs live in joy, or rather - they live for joy. Помимо всего этого, сербы живут в радость, точнее – живут в радость. Veliki broj turista bude oduševljen srdačnom dobrodošlicom koju mu srpski domaćin pripremi. A large number of tourists are delighted by the warm welcome that the Serbian host prepares for them. Большое количество туристов в восторге от теплого приема, который им готовит сербский хозяин. Iako možda nije jedna od bogatijih zemalja Evrope, sigurno je bogata u dobroti, veselju i druženju. Although it may not be one of the richest countries in Europe, it is certainly rich in kindness, joy and companionship. Хотя это, возможно, и не одна из самых богатых стран Европы, она, безусловно, богата добротой, радостью и общением. A verujte, Srbi znaju da se vesele. Und glauben Sie mir, Serben wissen, wie man sich freut. And believe me, Serbs know how to have fun. Ako ste nekada bili u Srbiji, sigurno ste čuli za kafanu. If you have ever been to Serbia, you must have heard about the tavern. Kafana je središte i duša srpskog veselja. Die Taverne ist das Zentrum und die Seele der serbischen Freude. The tavern is the center and soul of Serbian revelry. Tu ostaju mnoge uspomene, zaboravljaju se mnoge tuge, i stvaraju se neka nova i srećna vremena. Viele Erinnerungen bleiben dort, viele Sorgen werden vergessen und einige neue und glückliche Zeiten werden geschaffen. Many memories remain there, many sorrows are forgotten, and some new and happy times are created. Там остается много воспоминаний, многие печали забываются и создаются новые счастливые времена. Mogli bi reći da je kafana neka vrsta bistro-a u kojoj se obično služe alkoholna pića ili kafa. You could say that a coffee house is a kind of bistro that usually serves alcoholic drinks or coffee. Можно сказать, что кофейня — это своего рода бистро, где обычно подают алкогольные напитки или кофе. Najviše ljudi u kafani pije vino, a obično se posećuju uveče, petkom ili vikendom. Die meisten Leute in der Taverne trinken Wein und besuchen sie normalerweise abends, freitags oder am Wochenende. Most of the people in the tavern drink wine, and they are usually visited in the evening, on Fridays or on weekends. U kafanama uvek ima dobrog društva i dobre muzike. There is always good company and good music in pubs. Ljudi uglavnom idu sa prijateljima, a muzika je uživo, i to je obično sastav od harmonike, gitare, kontrabasa, tambure ili violine. People usually go with friends, and the music is live, and it's usually an accordion, guitar, double bass, tambourine or violin. Люди обычно ходят с друзьями, а музыка живая, обычно это аккордеон, гитара, контрабас, бубен или скрипка. Postoji specifična vrsta muzike koja se sluša u kafanama – starogradska muzika. There is a specific type of music that is heard in pubs - old town music. Ova vrsta muzike nastala je početkom 20. veka u Srbiji, a njeno ime samo otkriva značenje – stari grad ili muzika starog grada Diese Art von Musik entstand Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in Serbien, und ihr Name verrät nur die Bedeutung – die Altstadt. This type of music was created at the beginning of the 20th century in Serbia, and its name only reveals the meaning - the old city or old town music. Этот вид музыки был создан в начале 20 века в Сербии, и его название лишь раскрывает смысл – старый город. U to vreme centar dobrog provoda bio je Beograd, tačnije – Skadarlija. Das Zentrum des guten Verhaltens war damals Belgrad, genauer gesagt - Skadarlija. At that time, the center of good times was Belgrade, more precisely - Skadarlija. В то время центром хороших времен был Белград, точнее – Скадарлия. Stara Skadarska ulica se i dalje nalazi na istom mestu, i dalje je živa kao u ono vreme. Die alte Skadarska-Straße ist immer noch an der gleichen Stelle, sie lebt noch wie damals. The old Skadarska street is still located in the same place, and it is still alive as it was back then. U većini je zadržala duh i izgled starog vremena – stara kaldrma vodi ka punim kafanama sa obeju strana ulice, a muzika se preliva sa jednog mesta na drugo i tako se meša među ljudima. Es hat größtenteils den Geist und das Aussehen der alten Zeiten bewahrt – das alte Kopfsteinpflaster führt zu vollen Bars auf beiden Seiten der Straße, und die Musik fließt von einem Ort zum anderen und vermischt sich so mit den Menschen. For the most part, it has kept the spirit and look of the old times - the old cobblestones lead to full bars on both sides of the street, and the music flows from one place to another and thus mixes with the people. По большей части он сохранил дух и облик старины – старая брусчатка ведет к полным барам по обеим сторонам улицы, а музыка перетекает из одного места в другое и таким образом смешивается с людьми. U tim kafanama, starim i po više od sto godina, nekada su boravili slavni srpski pesnici romantizma, kao što je na primer Đura Jakšić. Berühmte serbische romantische Dichter wie Đura Jakšić logierten einst in diesen über hundert Jahre alten Tavernen. Famous Serbian romantic poets, such as Đura Jakšić, used to stay in those taverns, which are more than a hundred years old. В этих тавернах, которым более ста лет, останавливались известные сербские поэты-романтики, такие как Жура Якшич.

Kad smo već kod provoda i muzike, Srbija ima veoma buran i živ noćni život. Apropos Unterhaltung und Musik: Serbien hat ein sehr ausgelassenes und lebhaftes Nachtleben. Speaking of entertainment and music, Serbia has a very boisterous and lively nightlife. Većina mladih skoro svakog petka, subote i nedelje ide u provod. Most young people go out to party almost every Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Большинство молодых людей выходят на вечеринки почти каждую пятницу, субботу и воскресенье. Grad sa najviše dešavanja je, naravno, Beograd, ali u ostalim gradovima Srbije jako su popularni klubovi i kafići. The city with the most events is, of course, Belgrade, but clubs and cafes are very popular in other cities of Serbia. U srbiji postoji kultura izlaska mladih u nekoliko oblika. In Serbia, there is a youth dating culture in several forms. В Сербии существует культура знакомств молодежи в нескольких формах. Izlazak može biti obično druženje i šetnja gradom, ili sedenje u parku uz flašu piva. Going out can be just hanging out and walking around the city, or sitting in the park with a bottle of beer. To se obično zove "bleja". This is usually called bleja. Обычно это называют блея. Drugi oblik izlazaka je izlazak na kafu. Another form of going out is going out for coffee. Srbi obožavaju da piju kafu! Serbs love to drink coffee! Crna kafa u Srbiji je toliko popularna da ima više od 20 naziva: crna, domaća, turska, gorča, slađa, sikteruša, dočekuša itd. Black coffee in Serbia is so popular that it has more than 20 names: black, domestic, Turkish, bitter, sweeter, sikteruša, welcome, etc. Dakle, kafa se obično pije veoma polako, obično u kafiću, i to može trajati satima. So coffee is usually drunk very slowly, usually in a coffee shop, and it can take hours. Treći oblik izlazaka su noćni izlasci u klubove. The third form of going out is going out to clubs at night. Ovakvi izlasci zahtevaju dosta doterivanja i sređivanja. These kinds of dates require a lot of grooming and grooming. Такие свидания требуют тщательного ухода и ухода.

Pored svega toga, imamo festivale! Besides all that, we have festivals! Srbija ima dosta festivala koji su popularni i van granica zemlje. Serbia has a lot of festivals that are popular even outside the borders of the country. В Сербии множество фестивалей, которые популярны даже за пределами страны. Jedan primer je EXIT festival, koji se održava u Novom Sadu. One example is the EXIT festival, which takes place in Novi Sad. Osnovan je 2000. godine i postao je najveći festival u južnoj Evropi. It was founded in 2000 and has become the largest festival in southern Europe. Veliki strani izvođači nastupaju na ovom festivalu svake godine, a postao je centar alternativne kulture i zabave mladih. Great foreign performers perform at this festival every year, and it has become a center of alternative culture and youth entertainment. Ima preko 50 izvođača i više od 200.000 posetilaca godišnje. There are over 50 performers and more than 200,000 visitors a year. Ежегодно выступают более 50 исполнителей и более 200 000 посетителей.

Inače, u Srbiji postoje mini festivali – vašari. By the way, in Serbia there are mini festivals - fairs. Vašar je nešto kao funfair, koji posećuje veći broj ljudi, a obično se dešava oko većih crkvenih praznika. Vašar is something like a funfair, which is visited by a large number of people, and usually takes place around major church holidays. Na vašaru se može naći brdo stvari: odeća, obuća, stvari za kuhinju, dvorište, kućni ljubimci na prodaju, slatkiši, pljeskavice, razne zanimljive igračke i slično. At the fair, you can find a lot of things: clothes, shoes, things for the kitchen, yard, pets for sale, sweets, burgers, various interesting toys and the like. Na kraju vašara se obično nalaze vožnje i igre za decu i odrasle. At the end of the fair there are usually rides and games for children and adults. В конце ярмарки обычно устраиваются аттракционы и игры для детей и взрослых. Vašar je ranije bio jako važan za svako naseljeno mesto u Srbiji. Vasar used to be very important for every inhabited place in Serbia. Вазар имел большое значение для каждого населенного пункта Сербии. Tu su se razmenjivale vesti, upoznavali mladi, okupljala se porodica. News was exchanged there, young people met, and families gathered there. Там обменивались новостями, встречались молодые люди, собирались семьями. Mlade devojke su se oblačile i „ukrašavale“ da bi prošetale vašarom uz pratnju starijih žena. Young girls dressed up and "decorated" to walk through the fair accompanied by older women. Молодые девушки наряжались и «наряжались», чтобы пройти по ярмарке в сопровождении женщин постарше. Maloj deci je nekada to bila jedina prilika da probaju nove slatkiše i igračke. It used to be the only opportunity for small children to try new sweets and toys. Danas, vašari uglavnom služe za kupovinu jeftinije robe i za noćni provod. Nowadays, fairs are mainly used for buying cheaper goods and for night entertainment. В настоящее время ярмарки в основном используются для покупки более дешевых товаров и для ночных развлечений.

Ako smo za nešto tradicionalnije, onda je tu Guča! If we want something more traditional, then there is Guča! Festival u Guči je posvećen trubačima. The festival in Guca is dedicated to trumpeters. Trubači su jedno od najvažnij obeležja srpske muzike i srpske kulture. Trumpeters are one of the most important features of Serbian music and Serbian culture. To je bend sastavljen od truba i od obično jednog bubnja. It is a band made up of trumpets and usually one drum. Veliki je broj trubača u Srbiji, a njihova muzika ima specijalno mesto na svim veseljima. There are a large number of trumpeters in Serbia, and their music has a special place at all celebrations. Trubači obično sviraju na većim događajima – na svadbama, rođendanima, ispraćajima, a njihova muzika smatra se delom folkora. Trumpeters usually play at larger events - weddings, birthdays, funerals, and their music is considered part of folklor (traditional dance). A kad smo već kod folklora, važan deo sprske muzike i igre je – kolo. And speaking of folklore, an important part of Serbian music and dance is the kolo. Говоря о фольклоре, важной частью сербской музыки и танца является коло. Kolo je narodna igra koja se igra u grupi, kolektivno tako što se igrači drže za ruke i u specifičnom ritmu formiraju krug, koji zatim ide udesno ili ulevo. Kolo is a folk game that is played in a group, collectively, by holding hands and forming a circle in a specific rhythm, which then goes right and left. Postoje različite vrste kola, na primer: Užičko kolo, Rumenka, Čačak kolo, pa čak i Robot kolo! There are different types of carts, for example: Užice cart, Rumenka cart, Čačak cart, and even Robot cart! Ova igra je postala deo Uneskove liste nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa. This game has become part of the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage.

Jedno je sigurno u Srbiji – nećete ostati gladni. One thing is certain in Serbia - you will not go hungry. Srbija ima veoma bogatu kuhinju, sa veoma starim receptima. Serbia has a very rich cuisine, with very old recipes. Na ovu kuhinju su uticali i orijentalne kulture, na primer turska kuhinja, ali veliki uticaj je imala i vizantijsko-grčka kuhinja. This cuisine was also influenced by oriental cultures, for example Turkish cuisine, but Byzantine-Greek cuisine also had a great influence. Za doručak možete pojesti burek i jogurt u bilo kojoj srpskoj pekari, ili možete probati proju – pitu ili hleb od kukuruznog brašna. For breakfast, you can eat burek and yogurt in any Serbian bakery, or you can try proja - pie or bread made from corn flour. Jedan od srpskih specijaliteta je pljeskavica – to je „spljeskano“ začinjeno mleveno meso, po izgledu liči na hamburger. One of the Serbian specialties is pljeskavica - it is "flattened" seasoned minced meat, it looks like a hamburger. Pored pljeskavice tu je i ćevap, sarma, pasulj ili delikatesi kao što su: čvarci, slanina, kulen, pršut i slično. In addition to the burger, there is also kebab, sarma, beans or delicacies such as: crackers, bacon, kulen, prosciutto and the like. Veliki broj domaćinstava u Srbiji živi u manjim naseljima ili gradovima. In Serbia, a large number of households live in small settlements or towns. Dobar deo tih domaćinstava uzgaja svoje povrće ili voće. A good part of these households grow their own vegetables or fruits. Srbi su veoma ponosni na svoje poljoprivredne proizvode, a svako zna da je uvek ukusniji paradajz iz bakine bašte neko paradajz iz prodavnice. Serbs are very proud of their agricultural products, and everyone knows that tomatoes from grandma's garden are always tastier than tomatoes from the store. Dakle, može se reći da Srbi jedu zdravo, iako se uz skoro svako jelo jede dosta hleba. Therefore, it can be said that Serbs eat healthily, even though they eat a lot of bread with almost every meal.

U Srbiji se dosta i čita. There is a lot of reading in Serbia. Srpsko društvo ima razvijeni čitalački ukus, te se dosta knjige kupuje, traži i prodaje. Serbian society has a developed taste for reading, and many books are bought, sought and sold. Za to je zaslužan veliki broj srpskih pisaca, koji su stvarali izuzetna dela. A large number of Serbian writers, who created exceptional works, are responsible for this. Najveći i najpoznatiji među njima je Ivo Andrić. The biggest and most famous among them is Ivo Andrić. Andrić je dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za književnost, a njegov najpoznatiji roman je „Na Drini ćuprija“. Andrić is a Nobel Prize winner for literature, and his most famous novel is "On the Drina Bridge". On je u svojim delima uspeo da najvernije prikaže sliku srpskog identiteta, srpske nacionalnosti. In his works, he managed to most faithfully portray the image of Serbian identity, the clash of nationalities. Pošto je bio istoričar, umeo je da vešto objasni uticaj turske vladavine i kulture na srpsko stanovništvo kroz vekove. Since he was a historian, he was able to skillfully explain the influence of Turkish rule and culture on the Serbian population throughout the centuries. Inače, srpska književnost je dosta stara, može se reći da su prva književna ostvarenja iz 12. veka nove ere. By the way, Serbian literature is quite old, it can be said that the first literary creations date from the 12th century AD. Početkom 20. veka, srpska književnost dostiže vrhunac i postaje omiljeni hobi mnogih, iako se danas u Srbiji uglavnom čitaju strani pisci. At the beginning of the 20th century, Serbian literature reached its peak and became a favorite hobby of many, although today in Serbia mostly foreign writers are read.

Srbi obožavaju sport! Serbs love sports! Generalno gledano, većina ljudi se i bavi sportom. In general, most people play sports. Mnogi ljudi vole da odigraju basket ili fudbal vikendom, a većina dece uglavnom trenira fudbal, košarku ili tenis. Many people like to play basketball or football on the weekend, and most children practice football, basketball or tennis. Srpski sportisti imaju dosta uspeha na svetskim takmičenjima. Serbian athletes have a lot of success at world competitions. Trenutno je populararan NBA Plej-of, gde dosta pažnje privlače srpski košarkaši Nikola Jokić i Luka Dončić. Currently, the NBA Playoffs are popular, where Serbian basketball players Nikola Jokić and Luka Dončić attract a lot of attention. Što se tiče ostalih sportova, ženska odbojkaška reprezentacija je osvojila zlato na Svetskom prvenstvu 2018. godine. As for other sports, the women's volleyball team won gold at the 2018 World Cup. Vaterpolo reprezentacija Srbije je donela najviše pobeda u sportu: osvojila je Svetsko prvenstvo pet puta, a Evropsko prvenstvo osam puta. The Serbian water polo team has won the most victories in sports: it has won the World Championship five times and the European Championship eight times. I naravno, najpopularniji srpski sportista, Novak Đoković, je jedan od najboljih tenisera u istoriji. And of course, the most popular Serbian athlete, Novak Djokovic, is one of the best tennis players in history. Bio je na prvom mestu ATP liste više od 280 nedelja. He was ranked number one on the ATP list for more than 280 weeks. Proglašen je za najboljeg tenisera i sportistu Srbije i sveta! He was declared the best tennis player and athlete in Serbia and the world!

Kada već govorimo o poznatim srpskim ličnostima, bilo bi dobro da spomenemo i Nikolu Teslu, najvećeg srpskog naučnika i izumitelja. Speaking of famous Serbian personalities, it would be good to mention Nikola Tesla, the greatest Serbian scientist and inventor. On je bio veoma zanimljiva, zagonetna, ali i čudna ličnost. He was a very interesting, enigmatic, but also strange personality. Dosta je doprineo na polju prenosa električne energije, a bio je i ključni čovek u izgradi hidrocentrale na Nijagarinim vodopadima. He contributed a lot in the field of electric power transmission, and was also a key man in the construction of the hydroelectric power plant at Niagara Falls. Autor je više od 700 patenata, doprineo je u prenosu radio signala, a najpoznatiji je zbog modernog sistema napajanja naizmeničnom strujom. He is the author of more than 700 patents, contributed to the transmission of radio signals, and is best known for the modern AC power supply system. Ukratko i jednostavno – Nikola Tesla je oblikovao naš moderni život. Short and simple - Nikola Tesla shaped our modern life. Bio je futurista, smatrali su ga ludim naučnikom, a preminuo je sam i zaboravljen. He was a futurist, he was considered a mad scientist, and he died alone and forgotten. Tražio je da mu na sahrani sviraju pesmu „Tamo daleko“, možda najtužniju pesmu celog srpskog naroda. He asked for the song "Far Away", perhaps the saddest song of the entire Serbian nation, to be played at his funeral.

To bi bilo sve za danas! That would be all for today! Ovo je bio kratki prikaz srpske kulture, a ostalo je još mnogo toga o čemu ćemo govoriti u sledećim epizodama. This was a card presentation of Serbian culture, and there is much more that we will talk about in the following episodes. Nadam se da ste uživali i da ovakav sadržaj pomaže vašem učenju jezika. I hope you enjoyed it and that this kind of content helps your language learning. Ako imate nekih pitanja, saveta ili želite da imate onlajn čas, pišite na moj imejl nikola.pujic@gmail.com Pozdrav! If you have any questions, advice or want to have an online class, write to my email nikola.pujic@gmail.com Greetings!