فمینیسم چیست؟ feminism|is Was ist Feminismus? ¿Qué es el feminismo? Feminizm nedir? What is feminism?

شاید اولین چیزی که با شنیدن کلمه ی فمینیسم maybe|first|thing|that|with|hearing|word|'s|feminism Perhaps the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word feminism

به ذهن شما می رسه to|mind|your|auxiliary verb|reaches is the effort for equality between women and men.

تلاش برای برابری زن و مرد باشه effort|for|equality|woman|and|man|is Strive for equality between men and women

بعضیام البته با شنیدن اسم فمینیسم some people|of course|with|hearing|name|feminism Some people, of course, think of feminism as

یه جریان مردستیز میاد توی ذهنشون a|movement|anti-male|comes|into|their mind a man-hating movement when they hear the name.

اما فمینیسم چیه و واقعا از کجا اومده؟ but|feminism|what is it|and|really|from|where|it has come But what is feminism and where did it really come from?

سیمون دوبوار، چهره ی شناخته شده ی فمینیست Simone|de Beauvoir|figure|of|recognized|known|of|feminist Simone de Beauvoir, a well-known feminist figure.

فمینیسم رو تلاش برای رفع feminism|the|effort|for|eliminating Feminism is introduced as an effort to eliminate

تبعیض جنسیتی معرفی می کنه. discrimination|gender|introducing|I|it does gender discrimination.

یعنی این که آدما صرف نظر از جنسیتشون that is|this|that|people|merely|regard|from|their gender This means that people, regardless of their gender,

باید جایگاه برابر با هم داشته باشن. must|position|equal|with|each other|they have|they are should have equal standing with each other.

قرن ها پیش وقتی که انسان های هوشمند century|plural suffix|ago|when|that|||intelligent Centuries ago, when intelligent humans

شروع به زندگی گروهی started|to|living|group began to live in groups

توی قبیله هاشون کردن، زن ها و مردها با وجود ||||woman|plural suffix|and||with|existence in their tribes, women and men, despite

تفاوت آشکار بیولوژیک difference|obvious|biological the obvious biological differences

برابر با هم برای بقای قبیله شون تلاش می کردن. equal|with|each other|for|survival|tribe|their|effort|present tense marker|to do They were working together for the survival of their tribe.

هر عضو صرفنظر از شکل بدنش every|member|regardless|of|shape|his body Every member, regardless of their body shape,

توی جامعه ی انسانی نقش داشت و ارزشمند بود. in|society|of|human|role|had|and|valuable|was had a role and was valuable in human society.

اما امروز می بینیم که شرایط زندگی تغییر کرده but|today|present tense marker|we see|that|conditions|life|change|has changed But today we see that living conditions have changed.

و خیلی از نظریه پردازها and|very|of|theory|theorists And many theorists

شواهدی رو برای توضیح جایگاه برتر مردها نسبت به زن ها پیدا کردن. evidence|it|for|explaining|position|superior|men|compared|to|||| have found evidence to explain the superior position of men compared to women.

جایگاه برتری که حق حیات توی position|superior|that|right|life|in A superior position that has taken away the right to life in

شرایط برابر و پیشرفت رو از زن ها گرفته. conditions|equal|and|progress|it|from|||taken equal conditions and progress from women.

کم کم به اون ها هم می رسیم اما gradually|gradually|to|those|plural marker|also|auxiliary verb|we reach|but We will gradually reach them too, but

اول باید اینو بگم که این شرایط نابرابر باعث می شه first|must|this|I say|that|this|conditions|unequal|causes|auxiliary verb|it becomes first I have to say that this unequal situation causes

زن ها در جامعه مورد ستم قرار بگیرن women|plural marker|in|society|subjected to|oppression|placed|they are women to be oppressed in society

و سرکوب بشن. مثلا این که and|repression|they are|for example|this|that and suppressed. For example, this is that

یه سری از شغل ها مردونه هستن و زنا a|series|of|||masculine|they are|and|women Some jobs are considered male-oriented and women

حتی اگر هم استعداد و انگیزه ی اون شغل رو داشته باشن even|if|also|talent|and|motivation|of|that|job|it|| even if they have the talent and motivation for that job

بازم قدرت دستیابی به اون ها رو ندارن. still|power|access|to|||it|they don't have still lack the ability to access them.

شاید باورتون نشه ولی تا همین یک قرن پیش maybe|your belief|it won't be|but|until|this|one|century|ago You might not believe it, but until just a century ago

زن ها برای گرفتن حق رأی توی women|plural marker|for|getting|right|vote|in Women fought for the right to vote in

انتخابات سیاسی مبارزه میکردن elections|political|struggle|they were doing political elections.

و هنوز توی خیلی از جاهای دنیا and|still|in|many|of|places|world And still in many parts of the world,

زن ها شکل و حرکات بدن، لباس پوشیدن، women|plural marker|shape|and|movements|body|clothes|wearing women's body shape and movements, clothing,

و خیلی از نقش هاشون رو با نقش و وظایفی که and|very|of|role|their|it|with|role|and|responsibilities|that And many of their roles are adapted to the roles and responsibilities that

جامعه و نظام به عنوان زن بهشون می ده سازگار می کنن. society|and|system|to|title|woman|to them|(prefix for present tense)|gives|compatible|(prefix for present tense)|they make society and the system assign to them as women.

حق نابرابر برای تحصیل و حتی right|unequal|for|education|and|even Unequal rights for education and even

حضور توی جامعه، اجازه ی رانندگی، presence|in|society|permission|(suffix for possession)|driving participation in society, permission to drive,

و یا انتخاب همسر و همین طور and|or|choice|spouse|and|same|way or choosing a spouse and so on

انواع مختلف خشونت های جنسی و خانگی types|different|violence|plural marker|sexual|and|domestic various types of sexual and domestic violence

از نتایج این نابرابری هستن. of|results|this|inequality|they are are results of this inequality.

اما با وجود تمام سازوکارهای تضعیف کننده ی زنان but|with|existence|all|mechanisms|||of|women However, despite all the mechanisms that undermine women

در نهایت و با حضور چهره های سنت شکن in|end|and|with|presence|||tradition|breaker Ultimately, with the presence of iconoclasts

و برابری طلب در طول تاریخ and|equality|seeker|in|throughout|history and equality seekers throughout history

کم کم جریان های اعتراضی gradually|less|||protest gradually, protest movements

برای آگاه و متحد کردن زن ها for|aware|and|united|to make|women|plural marker to inform and unite women

به صورت جدی وارد میدون شدن. to|manner|serious|entered|field|to become They seriously entered the field.

این اتحادها اسم خودشونو these|alliances|name|themselves These alliances named themselves

جریان آزادی بخش زنان ویا فمینیست ها گذاشتن movement|freedom|liberating|women|or|||they put the women's liberation movement or feminists.

و علیه شرایطی که زن ها رو توی جایگاه پایین تری and|against|conditions|that|||to|in|position|lower|than and against the conditions that place women in a lower position.

از مردها قرار می داد فعالیت های مهمی انجام دادن. from|men|agreement|I|gave|activity|plural marker|important|doing|to do Men were making important activities.

در اوایل شکل گیری این مبارزات که می شد in|early|formation|of|these|struggles|that|I|became In the early formation of these struggles,

همون قرن نوزده و بیست، حق رأی، same|century|nineteenth|and|twentieth|right|vote in the same nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the right to vote,

حق مالکیت، حق به ارث بردن اموال، right|ownership|right|to|inheritance|to inherit|property the right to own property, the right to inherit assets,

تحصیل، کنترل بر بدن و تولید مثل education|control|over|body|and|reproduction|reproduction Education, control over the body, and reproduction

موضوعات مهمی برای پیگیری توسط فمینیست ها بودن. topics|important|for|pursuit|by|||were These were important issues for feminists to pursue.

پس جریان های فمینیست به تدریج تنوع زیادی پیدا کردن. so|||feminist|to|gradually|diversity|a lot|found|to become Thus, feminist movements gradually became very diverse.

یه گروه صرفا به برابری زن و مرد و همینطور a|group|merely|to|equality|woman|and|man|and|also One group focused solely on the equality of women and men, as well as

حقوق مدنی و اجتماعی زن ها پرداخت. rights|civil|and|social|women|plural marker|paid Women's civil and social rights are paid.

حقوقی مثل مزد برابر، rights|like|wage|equal Rights such as equal pay,

و فرصت های شغلی برابر با مردها. and|opportunity|plural marker|job|equal|with|men and equal job opportunities with men.

فمینیست های لیبرال عموما همچین اهدافی دارن. feminist|plural marker|liberal|generally|such|goals|they have Liberal feminists generally have such goals.

گروه های دیگه مثلا فمینیست های رادیکال group|plural suffix|other|for example|||radical Other groups, for example, radical feminists

به نقد و تغییر عوامل بنیادی تری می پردازن. to|critique|and|change|factors|fundamental|more|verb marker|they address focus on critiquing and changing more fundamental factors.

یعنی برعکس فمینیست های لیبرال و میانه رو that is|contrary to|||liberal|and|moderate|suffix indicating direction That is, unlike liberal and moderate feminists,

معتقدن که این شرایط موجود they believe|that|these|conditions|existing they believe that the existing conditions

دلیل اصلی ادامه ی این وضعیت علیه زن ها هست reason|main|continuation|of|this|situation|against|women|plural marker|is The main reason for the continuation of this situation against women is.

و باید متحول بشه and|must|transformed|become And it needs to change.

تا زن ها به همراه همه ی قشرهای ستمدیده به رهایی برسن. until|women|plural marker|to|along|all|of|classes|oppressed|to|liberation|reach So that women, along with all oppressed groups, can achieve liberation.

جنبش هایی مثل جنبش زنان سیاهپوست، movement|plural marker|like|movement|women|Black Movements like the Black women's movement,

زنان کارگر و همجنسگرایان women|worker|and|homosexuals Working women and homosexuals

بعدها از دل همین فمینیسم رادیکال بیرون اومدن. later|from|heart|same|feminism|radical|out|they came Later emerged from this radical feminism.

این جریان های رادیکال عموما هم جهت با these|currents|plural marker|radical|generally|also|aligned|with These radical movements were generally aligned with

مبارزه های پیشین زنان بودن و اونا struggles|plural marker|previous|women|they were|and|they the previous struggles of women and they

با مطالعه ی جامعه شناسی، with|studying|the|society|sociology By studying sociology,

مردم شناسی و حتی روان درمان گری people|anthropology|and|even|mental|therapy|practicing anthropology, and even psychotherapy,

راه خودشون رو پیدا کردن. way|their own|the|find|to find they found their own way.

اونا معتقدن که شرایط تبعیض آمیز جنسیتی they|believe|that|conditions|discrimination|mixed|gender They believe that gender discriminatory conditions

نتیجه ی تغییر شکل زندگی اجتماعی بشر result|of|change|form|life|social|humanity The result of the transformation of human social life

در طول تاریخ بوده و در نتیجه زن، in|throughout|history|has been|and|in|result|woman has been throughout history, and as a result, woman,

مفهومی ساخته ی دنیای مردسالاره concept|constructed|of|world|patriarchal is a concept constructed by the patriarchal world

که به مفهوم جنسیتی مرد معنی می ده. that|to|concept|gender|man|meaning|does|give which gives meaning to the gender concept of man.

بهتره بگیم موجودی ضعیف و فرمان بردار it's better|we say|being|weak|and|command|obedient It's better to say a weak and submissive being.

در مقابل مرد قدرتمند. in|front of|man|powerful In front of a powerful man.

اما بیاین برای روشن تر شدن موضوع برگردیم به یه تعریف مهم. but|let's come|for|clear|more|becoming|topic|let's return|to|a|definition|important But let's go back to an important definition for clarity.

می دونستین که محققان جنسیت I|you knew|that|researchers|gender Did you know that researchers on gender

بین مفهوم جنس و جنسیت فرق می ذارن؟ between|concept|sex|and|gender|difference|I|they make Do they differentiate between the concepts of sex and gender?

واژه ی جنس به تفاوت بیولوژیک بین زن word|of|sex|to|difference|biological|between|woman The term sex refers to the biological difference between women

و مرد اشاره می کنه ولی جنسیت |||||but|gender and men, but gender

یه مفهوم کاملا اجتماعیه که در طول تاریخ ||||that|in|course|history is a completely social concept that has evolved throughout history.

تو عقاید و رفتارهای اجتماعی you|beliefs|and|behaviors|social Your beliefs and social behaviors

و شکل تفکر آدم ها خودش رو نشون داده و میده. and|form|thinking|people|plural suffix|itself|it|show|has shown|and|is showing and the way people think have shown and continue to show themselves.

مثلا فرض کنید بابا میاد خونه for example|suppose|you|dad|is coming|home For example, imagine dad comes home

اون به عنوان هدیه برای دخترش یه عروسک he|as|title|gift|for|his daughter|a|doll he brings a doll as a gift for his daughter.

و برای پسرش یه ماشین خریده. and|for|his son|a|car|he bought And he bought a car for his son.

این کار باعث می شه کودک حتی وقتی بزرگ می شه this|action|causes|it will|he becomes|child|even|when|big|he will|he becomes This action makes the child even when he grows up

این رو به عنوان یه کلیشه و this|it|as|title|a|stereotype|and consider this as a stereotype and

یه چیز غیر قابل تغییر بدونه. a|thing|non|able|change|he knows something unchangeable.

اما یکی از اختلافای اصلی فمینیست ها دقیقا از همین جا نشأت می گیره که but|one|of|disagreements|main|||exactly|from|this|place|originates|auxiliary verb|it grabs|that But one of the main disagreements among feminists actually stems from here,

جنس و جنسیت متفاوت دونسته نمی شن. sex|and|gender|different|considered|not|they are that gender and sex are not considered different.

بعضی از فمینیست ها فقط روی این موضوع some|of|||only|on|this|topic Some feminists only focus on the issue

فوکوس می کنن که داشتن بدن زنانه نباید تأثیر |||that|having|body|feminine|should not|impact that having a female body should not affect

زیادی توی نوع نگاه انسان ها داشته باشه. too much|in|type|perspective|||has|be It should have a lot of influence on the way humans look at things.

اما این تفکر کامل نیست! but|this|thought|complete|is not But this thinking is not complete!

مفهوم جنسیت می تونه زن رو موجودی ظریف، concept|gender|can|can|woman|(object marker)|being|delicate The concept of gender can portray a woman as a delicate being,

زیبا، قابل ترحم، ماشین تولید نسل، beautiful|capable|of pity|machine|production|generation beautiful, pitiable, a reproduction machine,

و حمایتگر و فداکار تصویر کنه. and|supportive|and|self-sacrificing|image|it creates And depict a supportive and self-sacrificing image.

بر اساس همین مفهوم جنسیت هست که خیلی on|basis|this|concept|gender|is|that|very It is based on this concept of gender that many

روابط اجتماعی، اعتقادات، رسم و رسوم relationships|social|beliefs|customs|and|traditions social relationships, beliefs, customs

و هنجارهای ما شکل می گیره. دیگه این که and|norms|our|shape|it|it gets||| and norms are shaped. Furthermore,

بدن ها و رفتارهایی هست ||and|behaviors|is There are bodies and behaviors

که توی این دوگانه ی زن و مرد قرار نمی گیرن. that|in|this|duality|of|woman|and|man|placed|not|they fit that do not fit into this binary of male and female.

مثلا هم جنس گراها یا ترنسجندرها for example|same|gender|oriented people|or|transgender people For example, homosexuals or transgender people

و ترنسکشوال ها که می تونن هم از لحاظ روانی and|transsexual|people|that|can|they can|also|from|perspective|psychological and transsexuals who can be both psychologically

و هم از لحاظ فیزیکی ربطی به کلیشه ی زن و مرد نداشته باشن. and|also|from|perspective|physical|relation|to|stereotype|of|woman|and|man|not having|they be And they should not be physically related to the stereotype of men and women.

تعداد آدم هایی که بدن یه زن رو دارن اما number|person|plural suffix|that|body|a|woman|it|they have|but The number of people who have a woman's body but

دوست دارن جایگاه مرد رو توی روابطشون داشته باشن want|they have|position|man|it|in|their relationships|having|they be want to have the position of a man in their relationships

ویا مردهایی که به کل دوست دارن زن باشن or|men|that|to|totally|want|they have|woman|they be or men who completely want to be women.

به ما نشون می ده که جنس و جنسیت to|us|show|present tense marker|gives|that|sex|and|gender It shows us that gender and sex

هیچ کدوم به شکل مطلق وجود ندارن که هیچ none|any|in|form|absolute|existence|they don't have|that|none do not exist in an absolute form at all.

اتفاقا تنوع زیادی از لحاظ actually|diversity|a lot|of|perspective In fact, there is a lot of diversity in terms of

فیزیکی و روانی بین این دوگانه ی زن و مرد وجود داره. physical|and|psychological|among|this|binary|of|woman|and|man|existence|it has physical and psychological aspects between this binary of woman and man.

هرچند همیشه شواهدی برای مقاومت کردن although|always|evidence|for|resistance|to do Although there is always evidence to resist

در مورد این واقعیت وجود داره in|regarding|this|reality|existence|has regarding this reality

اما باز هم جنبش های زنان، همجنسگراها، but|still|also|movement|plural marker|women|homosexuals the movements of women, LGBTQ+,

ترنسجندرها و غیره transgender people|and|etc transgender people, and so on.

به اصطلاح LGBT to|term|LGBT The so-called LGBT

یه جورایی در حال حاضر به اتحاد a|kind of|in|current|present|to|union In a way, they have currently reached unity

برای پیشبرد فعالیت هاشون رسیدن. for|advancement|activities|their|they have reached to advance their activities.

حالا سؤال بعدی اینه که این جنسیت از کجا سردرآورده. now|question|next|this is|that|this|gender|from|where|it has originated Now the next question is where this gender came from.

فردریش انگلس برای رسیدن به جواب این سؤال Friedrich|Engels|for|reaching|to|answer|this|question Friedrich Engels sought to answer this question.

با یه سری از محققای دیگه رفت سراغ مطالعه ی سیستم خانواده with|a|series|of|researchers|other|went|towards|study|of|system|family He, along with a number of other researchers, studied the family system.

و با بررسی داده ها و شواهد مردم شناختی، and|with|examining|||and|evidence|people|ethnographic By examining data and ethnographic evidence,

و با توجه به نظریه های اقتصادی-سیاسی-فلسفی and|with|attention|to|theories|plural marker||| and considering economic-political-philosophical theories.

که وجود داشت، روایتی ارائه داد که that|existence|had|a narrative|providing|gave|that that existed, provided a narrative that

بعدها فمینیست ها محققای دیگه ای رو هم later|||researchers|other|ones|them|also later feminists brought other researchers along with them

با خودش همراه کرد تا بتونن نظریه ش رو کامل تر و دقیق تر بکنن. with|himself|accompanying|he made|so that|they can|theory|her|it|complete|more|and|accurate|more|they make to be able to make her theory more complete and accurate.

انگلس، مطالعات و تحلیل های خودش رو توی کتاب Engels|studies|and|analysis|plural suffix|his|them|in|book Engels presented his studies and analyses in the book

«منشأ خانواده، دولت و مالکیت خصوصی» آورده origin|family|state|and|property|private|he has brought "The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State" is mentioned.

که کتاب خیلی جذابی هست و لینک دانلودشو that|book|very|interesting|is|and|link|to download it It's a very interesting book and I've provided the download link for you.

براتون توی توضیحات این ویدیو گذاشتم. I've placed it in the description of this video.

اون می گه که ساختار زندگی در گذشته It says that the structure of life in the past

تا همه بتونن شکارشون رو با هم تقسیم کنن until|everyone|they can|their hunt|it|with|together|share|they do So that everyone can share their hunt together.

و قبیله زنده بمونه. و توی این روند، and|tribe|alive|it stays|and|in|this|process And the tribe can survive. And in this process,

زن ها نقش مهمی داشتن. woman|plural marker|role|important|they had women played an important role.

اما این زندگی اشتراکی کم کم به سمت مردسالاری but|this|life|communal|less|gradually|towards|direction|patriarchy But this communal life gradually shifted towards patriarchy.

رفته که توی اون مردها یا he has gone|that|in|those|men|or It has gone that among those men or

بهتره بگیم کسایی که بدن مردونه دارن better|we say|those|that|body|masculine|they have better to say those who have male bodies

جایگاه اول رو به دست میارن و زن ها و بقیه position|first|the|to|hand|they gain|and|||and|others the first place is obtained, and women and others

جایگاه های بعدی اجتماع رو کسب می کنن. position|plural|later|society|the|gain|| gain the subsequent positions in society.

این اتفاق از نظر انگلس وقتی میفته که this|event|from|perspective|Engels|when|it happens|that This event occurs from Engels' perspective when

چیزی به اسم ثروت پدید میاد something|to|name|wealth|emerges|it comes something called wealth emerges.

و این توزیع ثروت بر اساس جنس آدم ها and|this|distribution|wealth|based|on|gender|people|plural marker And this distribution of wealth is based on people's gender,

مردها رو در جایگاه فرد دارای هویت و محق قرار می ده. men|them|in|position|individual|possessing|identity|and|entitled|placed|it|gives placing men in the position of individuals with identity and rights.

مرد در نهایت هسته ی خانواده می شه و the man|in|finally|core|of|family|will|become|and The man ultimately becomes the core of the family and

تمام اعضای خانواده و سرمایه در مالکیت اون قرار می گیرن. all|members|family|and|capital|in|ownership|his|placed|will|get all family members and assets are under his ownership.

انگلس شرح می ده پیشرفت علم و تکنولوژی Engels|explains|will|give|progress|science|and|technology Engels explains the advancement of science and technology

و در نتیجه تولید بیش از مصرف محصولات and|in|result|production|more|than|consumption|products and consequently the production exceeding the consumption of products.

باعث انباشته شدن ثروت و مالکیت بر ابزار تولید می شه causes|accumulated|to become|wealth|and|ownership|on|means|production|it|becomes It leads to the accumulation of wealth and ownership of the means of production.

و در نهایت تمام روابط انسان ها در طول تاریخ and|in|end|all|relationships|human|plural marker|in|course|history And ultimately, all human relationships throughout history.

کم کم از این شکل تولید و مبادله تأثیر می گیره. gradually|less|from|this|form|production|and|exchange|influence|it|gets Gradually are influenced by this form of production and exchange.

این تا جایی پیش می ره که مردها در رأس قدرت قرار می گیرن this|until|point|forward|it|goes|that|men|in|top|power|placed|they|get This progresses to the point where men come to hold power.

و طبیعتا تمام نظام ها و ساختارهای اجتماعی، and|naturally|all|||and|structures|social And naturally, all social systems and structures,

سیاسی و اقتصادی، political|and|economic political and economic,

مدام دارن منافع اونا رو در مقابل دیگران constantly|they are|interests|theirs|them|in|against|others constantly define their interests against others

تعریف و از اون منافع محافظت می کنن. defining|and|from|those|interests|protecting|| and protect those interests.

نظریه ی انگلس نظریه ای بود که دانشمندای خیلی زیادی theory|'s|Engels|theory|a|was|that|scientists|very|many Engels' theory was a theory that many scientists

بهش پرداختن و نظریه ی have addressed and is considered a

معتبری محسوب می شه. این کتاب انگلس reliable theory. This book by Engels

به فمینیست ها بشارت میده که brings good news to feminists that

اگر زمانی زن ها توی تاریخ حق برابر با مردها داشتن if|at a time|||in|history|right|equal|with|men|they had If women had equal rights with men at some point in history,

پس حتما باز هم می تونن این حق رو به دست بیارن. then|definitely|again|also|will|they can|this|right|it|to|hand|they bring then they can definitely regain that right again.

اگه از این ویدیو خوشتون اومده if|from|this|video|you like|it has come If you liked this video,

اون رو با دوستاتون به اشتراک بذارید. that|it|with|your friends|to|share|you put share it with your friends.

مرسی از منبع عظیم انرژیتون و این که اون رو به اشتراک می ذارید! thank you|for|source|huge|your energy|and|this|that|it|it|to|share|I|you put Thank you for your immense source of energy and for sharing it!