Epistula V: de Philosophi Temperantia letter|V|about|philosopher's|temperance Brief V: über die Mäßigkeit des Philosophen Epístola V: Sobre la Templanza del Filósofo Brief V: over Filosoof Temperance Letter V: On the Temperance of the Philosopher

V. SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM V|Seneca|to Lucilius|his|greetings V. SENECA TO HIS FRIEND LUCILIUS, GREETING

[de philosophi temperantia] about|philosopher's|temperance [On the temperance of the philosopher]

[1] Quod pertinaciter studes et omnibus omissis hoc unum agis, ut te meliorem cotidie facias, et probo et gaudeo, nec tantum hortor ut perseveres sed etiam rogo. |упорно|стараешься|||оставленными|||||||||||||||||||| that|persistently|you study|and|all|having been omitted|this|one|you do|in order to|yourself|better|daily|you make|and|I approve|and|I rejoice|nor|only|I encourage|to|you persevere|but|also|I ask [1] That you are diligently striving and, disregarding all else, are focused on this one thing, to make yourself better every day, I both approve and rejoice, and I not only encourage you to persevere but also ask you to do so. Illud autem te admoneo, ne eorum more qui non proficere sed conspici cupiunt facias aliqua quae in habitu tuo aut genere vitae notabilia sint; ||||||||||||||||||||роде|||суть that|however|you|I warn|not|their|manner|who|not|to progress|but|to be seen|they desire|you do|something|which|in|habit|your|or|kind|life|noteworthy|they are However, I warn you not to do anything that is noteworthy in your appearance or way of life in the manner of those who wish to be noticed rather than to make progress; 이제 내가 너희에게 상기시키노니 진보하지 아니하고 남에게 보이려는 자들의 예를 따라 너희의 행실이나 생활 방식에서 눈에 띄는 어떤 일도 하지 말라.

omnibus omissis = omnibus aliis depositis all|having been omitted||other|having been set aside omnibus omissis = all others having been set aside

probo = laudo I approve|I praise probo = I praise

proficere = progressum facere to progress|progress|to make to make progress = to advance

[2] asperum cultum et intonsum caput et neglegentiorem barbam et indictum argento odium et cubile humi positum et quidquid aliud ambitionem perversa via sequitur evita. |||неостриженное|||более небрежную|бороду||обвинение||ненависть||ложе||||||||||избегай harsh|lifestyle|and|unshorn|head|and|more careless|beard|and|unadorned|silver|hatred|and|bed|on the ground|placed|and|whatever|else|ambition|perverse|way|follows|avoid Avoid a harsh lifestyle, an unshorn head, a more careless beard, a hatred for unadorned silver, a bed placed on the ground, and anything else that follows ambition through a perverse path. Satis ipsum nomen philosophiae, etiam si modeste tractetur, invidiosum est: quid si nos hominum consuetudini coeperimus excerpere? |||||||||||||||начали| enough|the|name|of philosophy|even|if|modestly|it is treated|envious|is|what|if|we|of men|custom|we began|to extract The very name of philosophy, even if treated modestly, is envious: what if we began to draw from the customs of men? Intus omnia dissimilia sint, frons populo nostra conveniat. внутри||разные||||| inside|all|dissimilar|they are|front|to the people|our|it may agree Let everything inside be different, but let our front be agreeable to the people.

asperum cultum = modus vivendi durus harsh|lifestyle|mode|of living|hard harsh lifestyle = a hard way of living

habitu = vestibus vestibus|clothes habit = clothing

intonsum = coma longa coma longa|hair|long unshorn = long hair

indictum argento odium = odium argento declaratum declaratum|odium|odium|hatred|argento|indicium hatred declared in silver = hatred declared in silver

cubile = lectus lectus|bed bed = bed

ambitio = studium cupiditasque honorum ambition|zeal|and desire|for honors ambition = the desire and pursuit of honors

evita = evitare debes avoid|to avoid|you must avoid = you must avoid

tractetur = agatur it should be treated|it should be acted upon be treated = be acted upon

consuetudini = moribus обычаям| to custom|to morals to custom = to morals

conveniat = congruat соответствует| congruat|it may agree conveniat = let it be suitable

[3] Non splendeat toga, ne sordeat quidem; non habeamus argentum in quod solidi auri caelatura descenderit, sed non putemus frugalitatis indicium auro argentoque caruisse. ||||позориться|||||||||||||||||и серебра|лишаться not|shine|toga|not|become dirty|indeed|not|let us have|silver|in|which|coins|of gold|engraving|has descended|but|not|let us think|of frugality|sign|gold|and silver|to have been without Let the toga not shine, nor even be dirty; let us not have silver from which the etching of solid gold has descended, but let us not think that lacking gold and silver is a sign of frugality. Id agamus ut meliorem vitam sequamur quam vulgus, non ut contrariam: alioquin quos emendari volumus fugamus a nobis et avertimus; illud quoque efficimus, ut nihil imitari velint nostri, dum timent ne imitanda sint omnia. |||||||||||||исправляться||||||отворачиваем|||||||||||||| that|let us do|in order that|better|life|let us follow|than|the crowd|not|in order that|contrary|otherwise|whom|to be corrected|we want|we flee|from|us|and|we turn away|that|also|we accomplish|in order that|nothing|to imitate|they want|our people|while|they fear|that not|to be imitated|they are|all Let us act so that we pursue a better life than the crowd, not a contrary one: otherwise, we flee from those whom we wish to improve and turn away; we also achieve this, so that none want to imitate us, while they fear that all things should be imitated.

argentum = mensa argentea silver|table|silver silver = silver table plata = mesa de plata

caelatura = ars metallis pingendi art of engraving|art|of metals|painting caelatura = the art of painting with metals

caruisse <> habuisse to have lacked|to have had to lack <> to have alioquin = si aliter if otherwise||otherwise otherwise = if otherwise

fugamus = efficimus ut fugiant we make them flee|||they flee we flee = we make them flee

[4] Hoc primum philosophia promittit, sensum communem, humanitatem et congregationem; a qua professione dissimilitudo nos separabit. |||||общий|||||||||отделит this|first|philosophy|promises|sense|common|humanity|and|gathering|from|which|profession|dissimilarity|us|will separate [4] This is what philosophy first promises: common sense, humanity, and community; from which profession dissimilarity will separate us. Videamus ne ista per quae admirationem parare volumus ridicula et odiosa sint. ||||||||||ненавистные| let us see|that not|those|through|which|admiration|to prepare|we want|ridiculous|and|hateful|they are Let us see whether those things through which we wish to create admiration are ridiculous and hateful. Nempe propositum nostrum est secundum naturam vivere: hoc contra naturam est, torquere corpus suum et faciles odisse munditias et squalorem appetere et cibis non tantum vilibus uti sed taetris et horridis. а именно|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| indeed|purpose|our|is|according to|nature|to live|this|against|nature|is|to torture|body|his own|and|easy|to hate|cleanliness|and|filth|to desire|and|foods|not|only|cheap|to use|but|foul|and|horrible Indeed, our purpose is to live according to nature: this is against nature, to torture one's body and to easily hate cleanliness and to desire filth and to use not only cheap food but also disgusting and horrible food.

nempe = certe indeed| indeed = certainly

faciles munditias = elegegantias modicas easy|cleanliness|elegance|moderate easy cleanliness = moderate elegance

vilibus = pretio parvo cheap|price|small cheap = at a low price

taetris = foedis, putidis foul|filthy|rotten ugly = foul, filthy

[5] Quemadmodum desiderare delicatas res luxuriae est, ita usitatas et non magno parabiles fugere dementiae. |||||||обычные|||||| just as|to desire|delicate|things|luxury|it is|so|usual|and|not|large|purchasable|to flee|madness Just as desiring delicate things of luxury is, so it is madness to flee from the ordinary and inexpensive. Frugalitatem exigit philosophia, non poenam; potest autem esse non incompta frugalitas. frugality|demands|philosophy|not|punishment|it can|however|to be|not|unadorned|frugality Philosophy demands frugality, not punishment; however, frugality can be not without elegance. Hic mihi modus placet: temperetur vita inter bonos mores et publicos; suspiciant omnes vitam nostram sed agnoscant. here|to me|way|it pleases|let it be moderated|life|between|good|morals|and|public|let them suspect|all|life|our|but|let them acknowledge This method pleases me: let life be balanced between good morals and public interest; let all observe our life but recognize it.

quemadmodum = sicut as|just as how = just as

non magno: sc. not|great|that is not much: i.e. pretio price

incompta = inculta, inornata inculta|uncultivated|unadorned unadorned = uncultivated, unornamented

suspiciant = venerentur, mirentur venerentur|they may venerate|they wonder they suspect = they revere, they marvel

agnoscant = intellegant intellegant|they understand they acknowledge = they understand

[6] 'Quid ergo? what|therefore [6] 'What then? eadem faciemus quae ceteri? the same|we will do|which|the others Shall we do the same as the others? nihil inter nos et illos intererit?' nothing|between|us|and|them|it will matter ¿No habrá diferencia entre nosotros y ellos? Will there be nothing to distinguish us from them?' Plurimum: dissimiles esse nos vulgo sciat qui inspexerit propius; qui domum intraverit nos potius miretur quam supellectilem nostram. very much|different|to be|us|generally|he/she knows|who|he/she has looked at|closer|who|home|he/she has entered|us|rather|he/she marvels|than|furniture|our Most importantly: let those who look more closely know that we are different from the common folk; he who enters the house should marvel at us rather than our furnishings. Magnus ille est qui fictilibus sic utitur quemadmodum argento, nec ille minor est qui sic argento utitur quemadmodum fictilibus; infirmi animi est pati non posse divitias. |||||||||||||||||||слабого|||терпеть||| great|that|he is|who|with earthenware|thus|he uses|just as|with silver|nor|that|lesser|he is|who|thus|with silver|he uses|just as|with earthenware|weak|of spirit|it is|to suffer|not|to be able|riches Great is he who uses pottery as he does silver, nor is he lesser who uses silver as he does pottery; it is the mark of a weak spirit to be unable to endure wealth.

nihil...intererit? nothing|it will matter Is there nothing that will matter? = Num nullum discrimen inter nos erit? surely|no|difference|between|us|it will be = Will there be no distinction between us?

supellectilem = instrumenta domestica, ornamenta furniture|tools|household|decorations furniture = household tools, ornaments

fictilibus = vasibus ex terra fictis |vessels||clay|made ceramics = vessels made from clay

[7] Sed ut huius quoque diei lucellum tecum communicem, apud Hecatonem nostrum inveni cupiditatum finem etiam ad timoris remedia proficere. |||||||||||||||||лекарства| but|that|of this|also|day|little light|with you|I share|at|Hecato|our|I found|of desires|end|also|to|of fear|remedies|to be effective But so that I might also share a little light of this day with you, I find that at our Hecato, the end of desires can also be beneficial for remedies against fears. 'Desines' inquit 'timere, si sperare desieris.' перестанешь||||| you will cease|he says|to fear|if|to hope|you will cease 'You will cease' he says 'to fear, if you cease to hope.' Dices, 'quomodo ista tam diversa pariter sunt?' |как||||| you will say|how|those|so|diverse|together|they are You will say, 'how can those things be so different at the same time?' Ita est, mi Lucili: cum videantur dissidere, coniuncta sunt. |||||||они соединены| thus|it is|my|Lucilius|when|they are seen|to disagree|joined|they are It is so, my Lucilius: when they seem to disagree, they are joined. Quemadmodum eadem catena et custodiam et militem copulat, sic ista quae tam dissimilia sunt pariter incedunt: spem metus sequitur. |||||||связывает||||||||||| just as|the same|chain|and|guard|and|soldier|it connects|thus|those|which|so|dissimilar|they are|equally|they march|hope|fear|it follows Just as the same chain connects both the guard and the soldier, so those things which are so dissimilar walk together: hope follows fear.

lucellum = lucrum parvum = hīc: dictum hodiernum small profit|profit|small|here|saying|today's little profit = small gain = here: today's saying

desieris = desiveris you will have stopped|you will have stopped you will have ceased = you will have stopped

pariter sunt = congruunt equally|they are|they agree they are equal = they agree

dissidere = differre to differ|to differ to disagree = to differ

catena = vinculum chain|bond cadena = enlace chain = bond

custodiam = captivum I will guard|captive guard = captive

copulat = coniungit coniungit|it joins copulat = connects

incedunt = una ambulant una ambulant|one|they walk incedunt = walk together

[8] Nec miror ista sic ire: utrumque pendentis animi est, utrumque futuri exspectatione solliciti. not|I wonder|these things|thus|to go|both|hanging|of the mind|it is|both|of the future|with expectation|anxious [8] Nor do I wonder that these things go thus: both are of a hanging mind, both are anxious with expectation of the future. Maxima autem utriusque causa est quod non ad praesentia aptamur sed cogitationes in longinqua praemittimus; itaque providentia, maximum bonum condicionis humanae, in malum versa est. the greatest|however|of both|cause|it is|that|not|to|present things|we are adapted|but|thoughts|into|distant|we send ahead|therefore|foresight|the greatest|good|of condition|human|into|evil|turned|it is However, the greatest cause of both is that we do not adapt to present things but send our thoughts ahead to distant ones; and thus foresight, the greatest good of the human condition, has turned into evil.

pendentis = anxii anxii|anxious hanging = anxious

[9] Ferae pericula quae vident fugiunt, cum effugere, securae sunt: nos et venturo torquemur et praeterito. |||||||||||будущим|терзают||прошлым wild|dangers|which|they see|they flee|when|to escape|safe|they are|we|and|about to come|we are tormented|and|by the past Wild beasts flee from dangers they see, when they can escape, they are secure: we are tormented by what is to come and by what has passed. Multa bona nostra nobis nocent; timoris enim tormentum memoria reducit, providentia anticipat; nemo tantum praesentibus miser est. |||нам|вредят|||||||||||| many|good things|our|to us|they harm|of fear|for|torment|memory|it brings back|foresight|it anticipates|no one|so much|in present things|miserable|he is Many of our good things harm us; for the torment of fear brings back memories, foresight anticipates; no one is so miserable as to the present. Vale. goodbye Farewell.

effugēre = effugērunt to escape|they escaped flee = they fled