Πότε Ήρθαν οι Πρώτοι Έλληνες στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο; quando|chegaram|os|primeiros|gregos|ao|grego|espaço when|they came|the|first|Greeks|to the|Greek|space Wann kamen die ersten Griechen nach Griechenland? ¿Cuándo llegaron los primeros griegos a Grecia? Quand les premiers Grecs sont-ils arrivés en Grèce ? När kom de första grekerna till Grekland? Quando chegaram os primeiros gregos ao espaço helênico? When did the first Greeks arrive in the Greek territory?

Ένα θέμα που έχει απασχολήσει δεκάδες κορυφαίους επιστήμονες, um|tema|que|tem|preocupado|dezenas|renomados|cientistas a|topic|that|has|occupied|dozens of|top|scientists Um tema que tem preocupado dezenas de cientistas renomados, A topic that has occupied dozens of leading scientists,

χωρίς μέχρι σήμερα να έχει απαντηθεί με απόλυτη βεβαιότητα sem|até|hoje|que|tem|respondido|com|absoluta|certeza without|until|today|to|has|been answered|with|absolute|certainty sem que até hoje tenha sido respondido com absoluta certeza without having been answered with absolute certainty until today,

είναι το πότε έφτασαν στην Ελλάδα οι χρήστες της πρωτοελληνικής γλώσσας. é|o|quando|chegaram|na|Grécia|os|usuários|da|proto-grega|língua it is|the|when|they arrived|in the|Greece|the|users|of the|Proto-Greek|language é quando os usuários da língua proto-grega chegaram à Grécia. is when the users of the Proto-Greek language arrived in Greece.

Τι είναι όμως η πρωτοελληνική γλώσσα; o que|é|porém|a|proto-grega|língua what|is|however|the|Proto-Greek|language O que é, no entanto, a língua proto-grega? What is the Proto-Greek language?

Έτσι ονομάζεται συμβατικά η αρχαιότερη μορφή της ελληνικής γλώσσας assim|é chamada|convencionalmente|a|mais antiga|forma|da|grega|língua thus|is called|conventionally|the|oldest|form|of the|Greek|language Assim, é convencionalmente chamada a forma mais antiga da língua grega. This is conventionally called the earliest form of the Greek language.

μετά από τη διαφοροποίησή της από την πρωτοινδοευρωπαϊκή και πριν από τη διαίρεσή της στις μετέπειτα ελληνικές διαλέκτους depois|de|a|diferenciação|dela|de|a|proto-indo-europeia|e|antes|de|a|divisão|dela|em|posteriores|gregas|dialetos after|from|the|differentiation|of it|from|the|Proto-Indo-European|and|before|from|the|division|of it|into the|later|Greek|dialects tras su diferenciación del protoindoeuropeo y antes de su división en los posteriores dialectos griegos. Após a sua diferenciação da proto-indo-europeia e antes da sua divisão nos posteriores dialetos gregos. It is the stage after its differentiation from Proto-Indo-European and before its division into the later Greek dialects.

(μυκηναϊκή, δωρική, αττική-ιωνική, αρκαδοκυπριακή, αιολική κλπ). micênica|dórica|||arcaico-cipriota|eólica|etc Mycenaean|Doric|||Arcado-Cypriot|Aeolic|etc (micênico, dórico, ático-ioriano, arcaico-cipriota, eólico, etc.). (Mycenaean, Doric, Attic-Ionic, Arcado-Cypriot, Aeolic, etc.).

Πρωτοελλαδική περίοδος ονομάζεται η πρώτη υποδιαίρεση της Εποχής του Χαλκού στην Ελλάδα, γνωστής και ως ελλαδικής περιόδου. protohelênica|período|é chamada|a|primeira|subdivisão|da|Era|do|Bronze|na|Grécia|conhecida|e|como|helênica|período Early Helladic|period|is called|the|first|subdivision|of the|Age|of the|Bronze|in the|Greece|known|and|as|Aegean|period O período protoheládico é chamado de primeira subdivisão da Idade do Bronze na Grécia, também conhecida como período heládico. The Early Helladic period is called the first subdivision of the Bronze Age in Greece, also known as the Hellenic period.

Η Πρωτοελλαδική περίοδος ακολούθησε τη νεολιθική εποχή και εκτείνεται χρονικά από το 3000 ως το 1900 π.Χ. περίπου. A|protohelênica|período|seguiu|a|neolítica|era|e|se estende|temporalmente|de|o|até|o|||aproximadamente the|Early Helladic|period|followed|the|Neolithic|age|and|extends|temporally|from|the|to|the|||approximately O período protoheládico seguiu a era neolítica e se estende cronologicamente de 3000 a 1900 a.C. aproximadamente. The Early Helladic period followed the Neolithic era and spans chronologically from about 3000 to 1900 BC.

Την πρωτοελλαδική περίοδο ακολούθησαν η μεσοελλαδική (περ. 1900-1580 π.Χ.) A|protohelênica|período|seguiram|a|mesohelênica|cerca de|| the|Early Helladic|period|were followed by|the|Middle Helladic|ca|| O período protoheládico foi seguido pelo período mesoheládico (cerca de 1900-1580 a.C.) The Early Helladic period was followed by the Middle Helladic (c. 1900-1580 BC)

και η υστεροελλαδική περίοδος (περ. 1580-1100 π.Χ.), ευρύτερα γνωστή ως μινωική. e|a|uterohelênica|período|cerca de|||mais amplamente|conhecida|como|minoica and|the|Late Helladic|period|ca|||more broadly|known|as|Minoan e pelo período neoheládico (cerca de 1580-1100 a.C.), mais amplamente conhecido como minoico. and the Late Helladic period (c. 1580-1100 BC), more widely known as Minoan.

Καλώς ήρθατε στο κανάλι Alpha Ωmega. bem|vocês chegaram|no|canal|Alpha|Ômega welcome|you have come|to the|channel|Alpha|Omega Bem-vindo ao canal Alpha Ωmega. Welcome to the Alpha Omega channel.

Σε αυτό το βίντεο θα μιλήσουμε για τις διάφορες επιστημονικές θεωρίες σχετικά με την άφιξη neste|este|o|vídeo|verbo auxiliar futuro|nós falaremos|sobre|as|diversas|científicas|teorias|relativas|a|a|chegada in|this|the|video|will|we will talk|about|the|various|scientific|theories|regarding|with|the|arrival Neste vídeo, falaremos sobre as várias teorias científicas relacionadas à chegada In this video, we will talk about the various scientific theories regarding the arrival

των Πρωτοελλήνων στην Ελλάδα όπως τις κατέγραψε ο ιστορικός και ακαδημαϊκός Μιχαήλ Σακελλαρίου. dos|Proto-helênicos|na|Grécia|como|as|ele registrou|o|historiador|e|acadêmico|Michael|Sakellariou of the|Proto-Greeks|in|Greece|as|them|he recorded|the|historian|and|academic|Michael|Sakellariou dos Proto-Helenos na Grécia, conforme registrado pelo historiador e acadêmico Michail Sakellariou. of the Proto-Greeks in Greece as recorded by the historian and academic Michail Sakellarios.

Αν επισκέπτεσθε για πρώτη φορά το κανάλι μας μην ξεχάσετε να κάνετε Εγγραφή se|vocês visitam|para|primeira|vez|o|canal|nosso|não|vocês esqueçam|de|vocês façam|Inscrição if|you are visiting|for|first|time|the|channel|our|not|you forget|to|you make|subscription Se você está visitando nosso canal pela primeira vez, não se esqueça de se inscrever. If you are visiting our channel for the first time, don't forget to subscribe.

και να πατήσετε στο εικονίδιο με το κουδούνι για να ειδοποιήστε κάθε φορά που ανεβάζουμε νέο βίντεο. e|que|vocês cliquem|no|ícone|com|o|sino|para|que|vocês sejam notificados|toda|vez|que|nós carregamos|novo|vídeo and|to|you (plural) press|on the|icon|with|the|bell|to|to|you (plural) are notified|every|time|that|we upload|new|video e clique no ícone com o sino para ser notificado sempre que carregarmos um novo vídeo. and click on the bell icon to be notified every time we upload a new video.

Τι λέτε πάμε να ξεκινήσουμε; o que|vocês dizem|vamos|que|comecemos what|you (plural) say|let's go|to|we start O que vocês acham, vamos começar? What do you say, shall we get started?

Μεταξύ των ερευνητών υπάρχουν πολλές διαφωνίες για το πότε ήρθαν στην Ελλάδα οι χρήστες της πρωτοελληνικής entre|os|pesquisadores|existem|muitas|discordâncias|sobre|o|quando|eles vieram|na|Grécia|os|usuários|da|proto-grega among|the|researchers|there are|many|disagreements|about|the|when|they came|to the|Greece|the|users|of the|Proto-Greek Entre os pesquisadores, há muitas divergências sobre quando os usuários do proto-grego chegaram à Grécia. Among researchers, there are many disagreements about when the users of Proto-Greek arrived in Greece.

που τους ονομάζουν κυρίως Πρωτοέλληνες αλλά και Έλληνες. que|os|eles chamam|principalmente|Proto-Gregos|mas|e|Gregos that|them|they call|mainly|Proto-Greeks|but|and|Greeks Eles são principalmente chamados de Proto-Gregos, mas também de Gregos. They are mainly referred to as Proto-Greeks but also as Greeks.

Ως το τέλος του 20ου αιώνα είχαν προταθεί για το θέμα αυτό περισσότερες από 12 χρονολογίες. até|o|fim|do|século 20|século|tinham|proposto|para|o|tema|este|mais|de|datas as|the|end|of the|20th|century|they had|proposed|for|the|topic|this|more|than|dates Até o final do século 20, mais de 12 datas foram propostas para este assunto. By the end of the 20th century, more than 12 dates had been proposed on this subject.

Ο Μιχαήλ Σακελλαρίου ήδη από το 1980 είχε διατυπώσει την άποψη ότι οι Πρωτοέλληνες ήρθαν στον ελλαδικό χώρο μεταξύ 2000 και 1800 π.Χ. O|Miguel|Sakellariou|já|desde|o|tinha|formulado|a|opinião|que|os|Proto-Helenos|vieram|ao|grego|espaço|entre|e|| the|Michael|Sakellariou|already|from|the|he had|formulated|the|opinion|that|the|Proto-Greeks|they came|to the|Greek|area|between|and|| Mikhail Sakellariou já em 1980 havia formulado a opinião de que os Proto-Gregos chegaram ao espaço grego entre 2000 e 1800 a.C. Michael Sakellariou had already expressed the view since 1980 that the Proto-Greeks arrived in the Greek area between 2000 and 1800 BC.

Ο ίδιος χρησιμοποιεί ως επικρατέστερη τη συμβατική χρονολογία 1900 π.Χ. O|mesmo|utiliza|como|mais prevalente|a|convencional|data|| the|same|he uses|as|most prevalent|the|conventional|date|| Ele mesmo utiliza como a data mais aceita a data convencional de 1900 a.C. He himself uses the conventional date of 1900 BC as the most likely.

Η άποψή του βρίσκει πλέον σύμφωνους τους περισσότερους επιστήμονες και βασίζεται σε ένα απλό σκεπτικό. A|opinião|dele|encontra|agora|concordantes|os|mais|cientistas|e|baseia-se|em|um|simples|raciocínio the|opinion|his|it finds|now|agreeing|the|most|scientists|and|it is based|on|a|simple|reasoning Sua opinião agora encontra concordância na maioria dos cientistas e se baseia em um raciocínio simples. His view is now supported by most scientists and is based on a simple reasoning.

Εφόσον η Ελλάδα κατοικούνταν από Έλληνες κατά τη μυκηναϊκή εποχή, uma vez que|a|Grécia|era habitada|por|gregos|durante|a|micênica|época since|the|Greece|was inhabited|by|Greeks|during|the|Mycenaean|era Uma vez que a Grécia era habitada por gregos durante a época micênica, Since Greece was inhabited by Greeks during the Mycenaean period,

η άφιξή τους θα έγινε κατά τον χρονολογικό ορίζοντα ο οποίος πριν την εποχή αυτή παρουσιάζει σημεία μετανάστευσης μεγάλης κλίμακας. a|chegada|deles|irá|aconteceu|durante|o|cronológico|horizonte|que|o qual|antes|da|época|esta|apresenta|sinais|migração|grande|escala the|arrival|their|will|became|during|the|chronological|horizon|which|which|before|the|era|this|presents|signs|migration|large|scale sua chegada deve ter ocorrido durante o horizonte cronológico que, antes dessa época, apresenta sinais de migração em grande escala. their arrival would have occurred during the chronological horizon which before this period shows signs of large-scale migration.

Η θέση που υποστηρίχτηκε στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα από τους ιστορικούς E. Meyer και K. J. Beloch a|posição|que|foi sustentada|no|início|do|20º|século|por|os|historiadores|E|Meyer|e|K|J|Beloch the|position|that|was supported|in the|early|of the|20th|century||||||||| A posição defendida no início do século 20 pelos historiadores E. Meyer e K. J. Beloch The position supported in the early 20th century by historians E. Meyer and K. J. Beloch

ότι οι Έλληνες ήρθαν στην περιοχή μας στα τέλη της 3ης π.Χ. χιλιετίας, que|os|gregos|vieram|na|região|nossa|no|finais|do|3ª|||milênio that|the|Greeks|came|to the|area|our|in the|late|of the|3rd|||millennium é que os gregos chegaram à nossa região no final do 3º milênio a.C., that the Greeks came to our area in the late 3rd millennium BC,

επιβεβαιώθηκε από πολλούς αρχαιολόγους,με σημαντικότερες τις μελέτες των C. Blegen και John Caskey. foi confirmado|por|muitos|arqueólogos|com|mais significativas|os|estudos|de|C|Blegen|e|John|Caskey it was confirmed|by|many|archaeologists|with|most significant|the|studies|of|C|Blegen|and|John|Caskey foi confirmado por muitos arqueólogos, com os estudos mais significativos de C. Blegen e John Caskey. confirmed by many archaeologists, with the most significant studies being those of C. Blegen and John Caskey.

Οι R. A. van Royen και B. H. Isaac υπολογίζουν ότι οι Έλληνες θα έφτασαν στην Ελλάδα os|R|A|van|Royen|e|B|H|Isaac|calculam|que|os|gregos|verbo auxiliar futuro|chegaram|na|Grécia the|R|A|van|Royen|and|B|H|Isaac|they estimate|that|the|Greeks|will|they arrived|in|Greece R. A. van Royen e B. H. Isaac estimam que os gregos chegaram à Grécia R. A. van Royen and B. H. Isaac estimate that the Greeks arrived in Greece

κατά τη μετάβαση από τη Μεσοελλαδική στην Υστεροελλαδική Εποχή δηλαδή γύρω στο 1600 π.Χ. durante|a|transição|de|a|Médio Helênica|para a|Tardia Helênica|Época|ou seja|cerca|de|| during|the|transition|from|the|Middle Helladic|to|Late Helladic|Period|that is|around|in|| durante a transição da Era Mesolítica para a Era Final, ou seja, por volta de 1600 a.C. during the transition from the Middle Helladic to the Late Helladic period, that is around 1600 BC.

Οι T. V. Camkrelidze και V. Ivanov στο πλαίσιο της θέσης τους σύμφωνα με την οποία οι χρήστες της ινδοευρωπαϊκής os|T|V|Camkrelidze|e|V|Ivanov|no|contexto|da|posição|deles|de acordo|com|a|qual|os|usuários|da|indo-europeia the|T|V|Camkrelidze|and|V|Ivanov|in|context|of the|position|their|according|to|the|which|the|users|of the|Indo-European T. V. Camkrelidze e V. Ivanov, no âmbito de sua posição, segundo a qual os usuários da indo-europeia T. V. Camkrelidze and V. Ivanov, in line with their position that the users of the Indo-European

που διαμορφώθηκε στην Αρμενία και γύρω απ' αυτή το 6000 π.Χ. διασκορπίστηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της 6ης και 5ης χιλιετίας, que|se formou|na|Armênia|e|em torno|de|esta|o|||se dispersaram|durante|a|duração|da|6ª|e|5ª|milênio that|was formed|in the|Armenia|and|around|from|this|the|||were scattered|during|the|duration|of the|6th|and|5th|millennium que se formou na Armênia e ao redor dela em 6000 a.C. se dispersaram durante o 6º e 5º milênio, which was formed in Armenia and around it in 6000 BC scattered during the 6th and 5th millennium,

θεωρούν ότι οι Πρωτοέλληνες μετανάστευσαν από την Ανατολία στην Ελλάδα. consideram|que|os|Protohelenos|migraram|de|a|Anatólia|para|Grécia they consider|that|the|Proto-Greeks|migrated|from|the|Anatolia|to the|Greece acreditam que os Proto-Gregos migraram da Anatólia para a Grécia. believe that the Proto-Greeks migrated from Anatolia to Greece.

Ο Σακελλαρίου διαφωνεί ριζικά με την άποψη αυτή. O|Sakellariou|discorda|radicalmente|com|a|opinião|esta the|Sakellariou|disagrees|radically|with|the|opinion|this Sakellariou discorda radicalmente dessa opinião. Sakellariou fundamentally disagrees with this view.

Ο I. M. Diakonov αντλώντας στοιχεία από τους Camkrelidze και Ivanov διατύπωσε O|I|M|Diakonov|extraindo|elementos|de|os|Camkrelidze|e|Ivanov|formulou the|I|M|Diakonov|drawing|elements|from|the|Camkrelidze|and|Ivanov|formulated I. M. Diakonov, extraindo dados de Camkrelidze e Ivanov, formulou I. M. Diakonov, drawing on data from Camkrelidze and Ivanov, formulated

με επιφύλαξη πάντως,την άποψη ότι η ινδοευρωπαϊκή διαμορφώθηκε στον καρπαθοβαλκανικό χώρο την 5η και 4η χιλιετία π.Χ. com|reserva|de qualquer forma|a|opinião|de que|a|indo-europeia|se formou|no|carpatobalcânico|espaço|a|5ª|e|4ª|milênio|| with|reservation|anyway|the|opinion|that|the|Indo-European|formed|in the|Carpatho-Balkan|area|the|5th|and|4th|millennium|| com ressalva, a opinião de que a indo-europeia se formou na região carpatobalcânica no 5º e 4º milênio a.C. with reservation, the view that Indo-European was formed in the Carpatho-Balkan region in the 5th and 4th millennium B.C.

και διασπάστηκε κατά την 3η π.Χ. χιλιετία, δεν προβάλλει όμως κανένα επιχείρημα. and|split|during|the|3rd|||millennium|not|presents|however|any|argument e se dividiu durante o 3º milênio a.C., mas não apresenta nenhum argumento. and fragmented during the 3rd millennium B.C., however, does not present any argument.

Σύμφωνα με τον C. Renfrew, οι κινήσεις των Ινδοευρωπαίων ήταν αποτέλεσμα ||o|||||||| according|to|the|C|Renfrew|the|movements|of the|Indo-Europeans|were|result De acordo com C. Renfrew, os movimentos dos indo-europeus foram resultado According to C. Renfrew, the movements of the Indo-Europeans were a result

της εξάπλωσης της γεωργίας από τη Μεσοποταμία στην Ευρώπη και τον ιρανοϊνδικό χώρο. of the|spread|of the|agriculture|from|the|Mesopotamia|in the|Europe|and|the|Iranian-Indian|area da expansão da agricultura da Mesopotâmia para a Europa e a região irano-indiana. of the spread of agriculture from Mesopotamia to Europe and the Iranian-Indian region.

Επικαλείται το γεγονός ότι η γεωργία εξαπλώθηκε διαδοχικά στην Ανατολία και έπειτα στην Κρήτη και την υπόλοιπη Ελλάδα γύρω στο 6500 π.Χ., ele invoca|o|fato|de que|a|agricultura|se espalhou|sucessivamente|na|Anatólia|e|depois|na|Creta|e|a|restante|Grécia|cerca|de|| he invokes|the|fact|that|the|agriculture|spread|successively|in the|Anatolia|and|then|in the|Crete|and|the|rest of|Greece|around|in the|| Ele invoca o fato de que a agricultura se espalhou sucessivamente pela Anatólia e depois por Creta e o restante da Grécia por volta de 6500 a.C. It invokes the fact that agriculture spread successively in Anatolia and then in Crete and the rest of Greece around 6500 BC,

στη συνέχεια στα Βαλκάνια, την Κεντρική, τη Δυτική και τέλος στη Βόρεια Ευρώπη. em|sequência|nos|Bálcãs|a|Central|a|Ocidental|e|finalmente|na|Norte|Europa in the|continuation|in the|Balkans|the|Central|the|Western|and|finally|in the|Northern|Europe Em seguida, nos Bálcãs, na Europa Central, Ocidental e, por fim, na Europa do Norte. then to the Balkans, Central, Western, and finally to Northern Europe.

Ο Renfrew δέχτηκε την ύπαρξη μιας αλληλουχίας των ινδοευρωπαϊκών γλωσσών o|Renfrew|aceitou|a|existência|de uma|sequência|das|indo-europeias|línguas the|Renfrew|he accepted|the|existence|of a|sequence|of the|Indo-European|languages Renfrew aceitou a existência de uma sequência das línguas indo-europeias Renfrew accepted the existence of a sequence of Indo-European languages

η οποία θα οδήγησε από τη γλώσσα της Ανατολίας στην πρωτοελληνική, a|qual|irá|levar|da|a|língua|da|Anatólia|para a|proto-grega which|which|will|it led|from|the|language|of the|Anatolia|to the|Proto-Greek que levaria da língua da Anatólia ao proto-grego, which would lead from the language of Anatolia to Proto-Greek,

από την πρωτοελληνική στην πρωτοιλλυρική, από αυτή στην πρωτοκελτική κ.ο.κ. de|a|proto-helenica|para|proto-illyrica|de|esta|para|proto-céltica||| from|the|Proto-Greek|to the|Proto-Illyrian|from|this|to the|Proto-Celtic||| da proto-grega à proto-ilírica, desta à proto-céltica e assim por diante. from Proto-Greek to Proto-Illyrian, from there to Proto-Celtic, and so on.

Ο Μ. Σακελλαρίου γράφει ότι η θεωρία του Renfrew είναι απαράδεκτη στο σύνολό της. o|M|Sakellariou|escreve|que|a|teoria|de|Renfrew|é|inaceitável|em|total|dela the|M|Sakellariou|he writes|that|the|theory|of|Renfrew|it is|unacceptable|in the|entirety|of it M. Sakellariou escreve que a teoria de Renfrew é inaceitável em sua totalidade. M. Sakellariou writes that Renfrew's theory is unacceptable in its entirety.

Ο Robert Drews, υποστηρίζει ότι τα αρχαιολογικά στοιχεία που συνήθως θεωρούνται ενδεικτικά o|Robert|Drews|sustenta|que|os|arqueológicos|elementos|que|geralmente|são considerados|indicativos the|Robert|Drews|he argues|that|the|archaeological|evidence|that|usually|are considered|indicative Robert Drews argumenta que os dados arqueológicos que geralmente são considerados indicativos Robert Drews argues that the archaeological evidence that is usually considered indicative

της άφιξης των Πρωτοελλήνων σε χρονολογίες προγενέστερες της Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού ,δεν είναι πειστικά da|chegada|dos|proto-helenos|em|datas|anteriores|da|Tardia|Era|de|Bronze|não|são|convincentes of the|arrival|of the|Proto-Greeks|in|dates|earlier|than the|Late|Age|of the|Bronze|not|they are|convincing da chegada dos Proto-Gregos em datas anteriores à Idade do Bronze Tardia, não são convincentes. of the arrival of the Proto-Greeks in dates earlier than the Late Bronze Age is not convincing.

και θεωρεί ότι οι Πρωτοέλληνες ήρθαν στην Ελλάδα γύρω στο 1600 π.Χ., όταν εμφανίστηκαν τα πρώτα ανάκτορα στις Μυκήνες. e|ele considera|que|os|Proto-Helenos|eles vieram|para a|Grécia|cerca|de|||quando|eles apareceram|os|primeiros|palácios|em|Micenas and|he considers|that|the|Proto-Greeks|they came|to the|Greece|around|in the|||when|they appeared|the|first|palaces|in the|Mycenae e acredita que os Proto-Helenos chegaram à Grécia por volta de 1600 a.C., quando apareceram os primeiros palácios em Micenas. and believes that the Proto-Greeks came to Greece around 1600 BC, when the first palaces appeared in Mycenae.

Η θεωρία έχει επικριθεί με πολλά επιχειρήματα από διάφορους ερευνητές. a|teoria|ela tem|sido criticada|com|muitos|argumentos|por|diversos|pesquisadores the|theory|it has|been criticized|with|many|arguments|by|various|researchers A teoria foi criticada com muitos argumentos por vários pesquisadores. The theory has been criticized with many arguments by various researchers.

Ο James Makkay, θεωρεί ότι οι πρόγονοι των Πρωτοελλήνων κατάγονταν από ένα χώρο δυτικά των Καρπαθίων o|James|Makkay|ele considera|que|os|ancestrais|dos|Proto-Helenos|eles eram originários|de|um|lugar|a oeste|dos|Carpatos the|James|Makkay|he considers|that|the|ancestors|of the|Proto-Greeks|they descended|from|an|area|west of|of the|Carpathians James Makkay acredita que os ancestrais dos Proto-Helenos eram originários de uma área a oeste dos Cárpatos. James Makkay believes that the ancestors of the Proto-Greeks originated from an area west of the Carpathians.

και διέσχισαν τον Δούναβη σε κάποια εποχή πολύ προγενέστερη από το τέλος της 3ης π.Χ. χιλιετίας. e|eles atravessaram|o|Danúbio|em|algum|época|muito|anterior|a|o|fim|da|3ª|||milênio and|they crossed|the|Danube|at|some|time|very|earlier|than|the|end|of the|3rd|||millennium e cruzaram o Danúbio em algum momento muito anterior ao final do 3º milênio a.C. and crossed the Danube at some time much earlier than the end of the 3rd millennium BC.

Σε μεταγενέστερη εργασία του ο Makkay, αναφέρει ότι το άλογο στην Ελλάδα έφεραν Ιρανοί κατακτητές (!), em|posterior|trabalho|dele|o|Makkay|menciona|que|o|cavalo|na|Grécia|trouxeram|iranianos|conquistadores in|later|work|his|the|Makkay|he mentions|that|the|horse|in the|Greece|they brought|Iranians|conquerors Em um trabalho posterior, Makkay menciona que os iranianos conquistadores trouxeram o cavalo para a Grécia (!), In a later work, Makkay mentions that the horse in Greece was brought by Iranian conquerors (!),

τους οποίους συνδέει και με τους αρχαιότερους λακκοειδείς τάφους των Μυκηνών (17ος αι. π.Χ.). os quais ele também conecta com os mais antigos túmulos em forma de fossa de Micenas (século 17 a.C.). whom he also connects with the oldest shaft graves of Mycenae (17th century BC).

Επίσης, υποστηρίζει ότι η ιρανική μεταναστευτική ομάδα που κατέλαβε τις Μυκήνες χωρίς να δίνει όμως επαρκή εξήγηση στο ερώτημα «γιατί μόνο τις Μυκήνες;, |||||||that||||||||||||||| Além disso, ele argumenta que o grupo migratório iraniano que ocupou Micenas, sem, no entanto, fornecer uma explicação adequada para a pergunta "por que apenas Micenas?, He also argues that the Iranian migrant group that occupied Mycenae did so without providing a sufficient explanation to the question "why only Mycenae?,

κινήθηκε ταυτόχρονα με άλλες ομάδες ομογενών της που εξαπλώθηκαν νότια της Κασπίας, movimentou-se simultaneamente com outros grupos de compatriotas que se espalharam ao sul do Mar Cáspio, and that they moved simultaneously with other groups of their compatriots who spread south of the Caspian,

με τους Κασσίτες (που διείσδυσαν στη Βαβυλωνία), με τους Υξώς (που επικράτησαν στην Αίγυπτο) ή, τέλος, ταυτόχρονα με την εμφάνιση του άρματος στην Ανατολία. com|os|Cassitas|que|invadiram|em|Babilônia|com|os|Hicsos|que|prevaleceram|em|Egito|ou|por fim|simultaneamente|com|a|aparição|do|carro|em|Anatólia with|the|Kassites|who|infiltrated|in|Babylonia|with|the|Hyksos|who|prevailed|in|Egypt|or|finally|simultaneously|with|the|appearance|of the|chariot|in|Anatolia com os Cassitas (que invadiram a Babilônia), com os Hicsos (que dominaram o Egito) ou, por fim, simultaneamente com a aparição da carruagem na Anatólia. with the Kassites (who infiltrated Babylon), with the Hyksos (who prevailed in Egypt), or finally, simultaneously with the appearance of the chariot in Anatolia.

Σε πρόσφατη μονογραφία του ο Makkay, υποστηρίζει ότι η περίοδος μεταξύ 2100-2000 π.Χ. em|recente|monografia|de||Makkay|ele sustenta|que|a|período|entre|| in|recent|monograph|of||Makkay|he argues|that|the|period|between|| Em uma monografia recente, Makkay argumenta que o período entre 2100-2000 a.C. In a recent monograph, Makkay argues that the period between 2100-2000 BC.

είναι η πιο πιθανή για τη μετανάστευση των Πρωτοελλήνων, λόγω των εκτεταμένων καταστροφών οικισμών. é|a|mais|provável|para|a|migração|dos|Proto-helênicos|devido|das|extensas|destruições|assentamentos is|the|most|likely|for|the|migration|of the|Proto-Greeks|because of|of the|extensive|destructions|settlements é o mais provável para a migração dos Proto-Gregos, devido às extensas destruições de assentamentos. is the most likely for the migration of the Proto-Greeks, due to the extensive destruction of settlements.

Μακρόπνοο και οξυδερκές, κατά τον Μ. Σακελλαρίου, είναι το έργο του Joseph Maran, de longo alcance|e|perspicaz|segundo|o|M|Sakellariou|é|a|obra|de|Joseph|Maran far-sighted|and|insightful|according to|to the|M|Sakellariou|is|the|work|of the|Joseph|Maran De longo alcance e perspicaz, segundo M. Sakellariou, é a obra de Joseph Maran, Long-term and insightful, according to M. Sakellariou, is the work of Joseph Maran,

στο οποίο εξετάζονται οι πολιτισμικές αλλαγές και οι καταστροφές που συνέβησαν στην Ελλάδα κατά το δεύτερο μισό της 3ης π.Χ. χιλιετίας. em|que|são examinadas|as|culturais|mudanças|e|as|destruições|que|aconteceram|na|Grécia|durante|o|segundo|metade|do|3ª|||milênio in the|which|are examined|the|cultural|changes|and|the|destructions|that|occurred|in the|Greece|during|the|second|half|of the|3rd|||millennium no qual são examinadas as mudanças culturais e as destruições que ocorreram na Grécia durante a segunda metade do 3º milênio a.C. which examines the cultural changes and the destructions that occurred in Greece during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC.

Με επιφύλαξη, ο Maran, τοποθετεί την άφιξη των Πρωτοελλήνων μεταξύ 2.570 και 2.410 π.Χ. com|ressalva|o|Maran|coloca|a|chegada|dos|Proto-helênicos|entre|e|| with|reservation|the|Maran|places|the|arrival|of the|Proto-Greeks|between|and|| Com ressalvas, Maran coloca a chegada dos Proto-Helenos entre 2.570 e 2.410 a.C. With reservations, Maran places the arrival of the Proto-Greeks between 2570 and 2410 BC.

Αναφέρει ότι οι «μετανάστες» προέρχονταν από το δυτικό τμήμα της Βαλκανικής Χερσονήσου και εγκαταστάθηκαν αρχικά στη Λευκάδα και τη Βορειοδυτική Πελοπόννησο. menciona|que|os|imigrantes|provinham|de|a|ocidental|parte|da|Balcânica|Península|e|se estabeleceram|inicialmente|na|Lefkada|e|a|Noroeste|Peloponeso he mentions|that|the|migrants|they originated|from|the|western|part|of the|Balkan|Peninsula|and|they settled|initially|in the|Lefkada|and|the|Northwestern|Peloponnese Ele menciona que os "migrantes" vieram da parte ocidental da Península Balcânica e se estabeleceram inicialmente em Lefkada e no Noroeste do Peloponeso. He mentions that the "migrants" came from the western part of the Balkan Peninsula and initially settled in Lefkada and Northwestern Peloponnese.

Ωστόσο, ο Μ. Σακελλαρίου, θεωρεί ότι οι Πρωτοέλληνες αποβιβάστηκαν σε κάποιες παραλίες των ανατολικών ακτών της Κεντρικής Ελλάδας. no entanto|o|M|Sakellariou|considera|que|os|Proto-helênicos|desembarcaram|em|algumas|praias|das|orientais|costas|da|Central|Grécia however|the|M|Sakellariou|he considers|that|the|Proto-Greeks|they disembarked|on|some|beaches|of the|eastern|coasts|of the|Central|Greece No entanto, M. Sakellariou acredita que os Proto-Helenos desembarcaram em algumas praias das costas orientais da Grécia Central. However, M. Sakellariou believes that the Proto-Greeks disembarked on some beaches of the eastern coasts of Central Greece.

Ο J.E. Coleman, χρησιμοποιώντας πλούσια τεκμηρίωση και επιχειρηματολογία, o|||Coleman|utilizando|rica|documentação|e|argumentação the|||Coleman|using|rich|documentation|and|argumentation J.E. Coleman, utilizando rica documentação e argumentação, J.E. Coleman, using rich documentation and argumentation,

υποστηρίζει ότι οι Πρωτοέλληνες κατέλαβαν όλη την ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στις αρχές της Πρωτοελλαδικής Περιόδου. ele sustenta|que|os|Protohelenos|ocuparam|toda|a|continental|Grécia|nos|inícios|do|Protohelênica|Período he supports|that|the|Proto-Greeks|they occupied|all|the|mainland|Greece|in the|early|the|Early Helladic|Period sustenta que os Proto-Helenos ocuparam toda a Grécia continental no início do Período Proto-Heleno. argues that the Proto-Greeks occupied all of mainland Greece in the early Proto-Hellenic Period.

Ο John Hooker, δήλωσε το 1989: o|John|Hooker|declarou|a the|John|Hooker|he stated|the John Hooker declarou em 1989: John Hooker stated in 1989:

«Προσωπικά πιστεύω ότι προς το παρόν δεν μπορεί να δοθεί τελικά ή έστω και προσωρινή απάντηση». pessoalmente|eu acredito|que|para|o|momento|não|pode|a|ser dada|finalmente|ou|mesmo|e|temporária|resposta personally|I believe|that|for|the|present|not|it can|to|be given|final|or|even|and|temporary|answer «Pessoalmente, acredito que, por enquanto, não pode ser dada uma resposta definitiva ou mesmo temporária». "Personally, I believe that for the time being, no final or even temporary answer can be given."

Ο A. Hansler, θεωρεί ότι η διαμόρφωση των Ελλήνων έγινε μέσα στον ίδιο τον ελλαδικό χώρο. A. Hansler acredita que a formação dos gregos ocorreu dentro do próprio espaço grego. A. Hansler believes that the formation of the Greeks took place within the Greek territory itself.

Τέλος ο Ιωάννης Ξηροτύρης, συμπεραίνει ότι καμία μετανάστευση δεν έλαβε χώρα στην Ελλάδα κατά την Εποχή του Χαλκού, Por fim, João Xerotyris conclui que nenhuma migração ocorreu na Grécia durante a Idade do Bronze, Finally, Ioannis Xirotyris concludes that no migration occurred in Greece during the Bronze Age,

βασιζόμενος σε σκελετικά δεδομένα που προέκυψαν σε περιβάλλοντα χρονολογούμενα στην Πρώιμη, Μέση και Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού baseando-se em dados esqueléticos que surgiram em ambientes datados da Idade do Bronze Inicial, Média e Tardia based on skeletal data that emerged in contexts dated to the Early, Middle, and Late Bronze Age

στα νησιά του Αιγαίου και την Κρήτη, τα οποία απ' την πλευρά τους συνεπάγονται σ' αυτό ,τον χώρο και τον χρόνο του «μεσογειακού» ανθρωπολογικού τύπου. nas ilhas do Egeu e em Creta, que por sua vez implicam neste espaço e tempo do tipo antropológico "mediterrâneo." in the Aegean islands and Crete, which in turn imply the space and time of the 'Mediterranean' anthropological type.

Αυτές είναι λοιπόν οι διάφορες επιστημονικές θεωρίες σχετικά με την άφιξη των Πρωτοελλήνων στην Ελλάδα. estas|são|portanto|as|diversas|científicas|teorias|relativas|a|a|chegada|dos|Protohelênicos|na|Grécia these|are|therefore|the|various|scientific|theories|regarding|with|the|arrival|of the|Proto-Greeks|in|Greece Estas são, portanto, as várias teorias científicas sobre a chegada dos Proto-Gregos à Grécia. These are the various scientific theories regarding the arrival of the Proto-Greeks in Greece.

Θα θέλαμε πολύ να διαβάσουμε τις απόψεις σας για το συγκεκριμένο θέμα στα σχόλια. verbo auxiliar futuro|gostaríamos|muito|a|ler|as|opiniões|suas|sobre|o|específico|tema|nos|comentários will|we would like|very|to|read|your|opinions|your|about|the|specific|topic|in the|comments Gostaríamos muito de ler suas opiniões sobre este assunto nos comentários. We would very much like to read your opinions on this specific topic in the comments.

Ένα είναι το σίγουρο. um|é|o|certo one|is|the|certain Uma coisa é certa. One thing is for sure.

Ότι οι Έλληνες όποτε και να ήρθαν στον ελλαδικό χώρο, θα παραμείνουν σε αυτόν όσο και αν προσπαθούν κάποιοι για το αντίθετο. Ο νοών νοείτο… que|os|gregos|sempre que|e|a|chegaram|ao|grego|espaço|verbo auxiliar futuro|permanecerão|em|este|quanto|e|se|tentam|alguns|para|o|oposto|o|que entende|que se entenda that|the|Greeks|whenever|and|to|came|to the|Greek|area|will|remain|in|this|as long as|and|if|they try|some|for|the|opposite|the|mind|understood Que os gregos, a qualquer momento que tenham chegado ao espaço grego, permanecerão nele, não importa o quanto alguns tentem o contrário. O que se entende, entende-se... That the Greeks, whenever they arrived in the Greek territory, will remain there no matter how much some try to do the opposite. Those who understand, understand...

Σε αυτό το σημείο κλείνουμε το αφιέρωμά μας με την άποψη του αείμνηστου Μ.Β. Σακελλαρίου: em|este|o|ponto|encerramos|o|tributo|nosso|com|a|opinião|do|saudoso|||Sakellariou in|this|the|point|we close|the|tribute|our|with|the|opinion|of the|late|||Sakellariou ||||||αφιέρωμα||||||deceased||| Neste ponto, encerramos nossa homenagem com a opinião do saudoso M.B. Sakellariou: At this point, we conclude our tribute with the opinion of the late M.V. Sakellarios: