Αλέξανδρος Α' της Μακεδονίας (Ελληνικοί / Αγγλικοί υπότιτλοι) - Αρχαία Ελληνική Ιστορία |Alpha Ωmega Alexandre|I|da|Macedônia|Gregos|Ingleses|legendas|Antiga|Grega|História|Alpha|Ômega Alexander|first|of the|Macedonia|Greek|English|subtitles|Ancient|Greek|History|Alpha|Omega Alexander I. von Mazedonien Alejandro I de Macedonia Alexandre Ier de Macédoine マケドニアのアレクサンドル1世 Alexandre I da Macedônia (Legendas em Grego / Inglês) - História Antiga da Grécia | Alpha Omega Alexander I of Macedon (Greek / English subtitles) - Ancient Greek History | Alpha Omega

Ο Αλέξανδρος Α' ο Μακεδών, ήταν βασιλιάς της Μακεδονίας από το 498 π.Χ. μέχρι το θάνατό του το 454 π.Χ. O|Alexandre|I|o|macedônio|era|rei|da|Macedônia|de|o|||até|a|morte|dele|a|| the|Alexander|first|the|Macedonian|he was|king|of the|Macedonia|from|the|||until|the|death|his|the|| Alexandre I, o Macedônio, foi rei da Macedônia de 498 a.C. até sua morte em 454 a.C. Alexander I the Macedonian was king of Macedon from 498 BC until his death in 454 BC.

Ήταν γνωστός για το ρόλο που διαδραμάτισε στη 2η Περσική εισβολή στην Ελλάδα (480 π.Χ.) κατά τη διάρκεια των Περσικών πολέμων, ele era|conhecido|por|o|papel|que|desempenhou|na|2ª|Persa|invasão|na|Grécia|||durante|a|duração|das|Persas|guerras he was|known|for|the|role|that|he played|in the|second|Persian|invasion|in the|Greece|||during|the|duration|of the|Persian|wars ||||||spielte||||Invasion|||||||||| Ele era conhecido pelo papel que desempenhou na 2ª invasão persa na Grécia (480 a.C.) durante as Guerras Persas, He was known for the role he played in the 2nd Persian invasion of Greece (480 BC) during the Persian Wars,

όπου σύμφωνα με τον Ηρόδοτο, στήριξε κρυφά τους λοιπούς Έλληνες εναντίον των Περσών, onde|segundo|com|o|Heródoto|apoiou|secretamente|os|demais|gregos|contra|os|persas where|according|to|the|Herodotus|he supported|secretly|the|other|Greeks|against|of the|Persians onde, segundo Heródoto, apoiou secretamente os outros gregos contra os persas, where according to Herodotus, he secretly supported the other Greeks against the Persians,

αλλά και για τη συμμετοχή του στους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες και την προσπάθειά του να επεκτείνει το βασίλειό του mas|e|para|a|participação|dele|nos|Olímpicos|Jogos|e|a|esforço|dele|de|expandir|o|reino|dele but|and|for|the|participation|his|in the|Olympic|Games|and|the|effort|his|to|expand|the|kingdom|his mas também pela sua participação nos Jogos Olímpicos e seu esforço para expandir seu reino. but also for his participation in the Olympic Games and his effort to expand his kingdom.

και να μεταρρυθμίσει τον Μακεδονικό στρατό. e|de|reformar|o|Macedônio|exército and|to|reform|the|Macedonian|army e reformar o exército macedônio. and to reform the Macedonian army.

Καλώς ήρθατε στο κανάλι Alpha Ωmega. bem|vocês chegaram|ao|canal|Alpha|Ômega welcome|you have come|to the|channel|Alpha|Omega Bem-vindo ao canal Alpha Ômega. Welcome to the Alpha Omega channel.

Σε αυτό το βίντεο θα μιλήσουμε για τον Αλέξανδρο τον Α' της Μακεδονίας, τον αποκαλούμενο «Φιλέλληνα» ή «Εύπορο». neste|vídeo|o|vídeo|irá|falar|sobre|o|Alexandre|o|1º|da|Macedônia|o|chamado|Filéleno|ou|Éuporo in|this|the|video|will|we talk|about|the|Alexander|the|first|of|Macedonia|the|known as|'Philhellene'|or|'Euphoros' Neste vídeo, falaremos sobre Alexandre I da Macedônia, conhecido como "Filéleno" ou "Euporo". In this video, we will talk about Alexander I of Macedon, known as the "Philhellene" or "Euphorus."

Αν επισκέπτεσθε για πρώτη φορά το κανάλι μας μην ξεχάσετε να κάνετε Εγγραφή se|vocês visitam|para|primeira|vez|o|canal|nosso|não|vocês esqueçam|de|vocês façam|inscrição if|you visit|for|first|time|the|channel|our|not|you forget|to|you make|subscription Se você está visitando nosso canal pela primeira vez, não se esqueça de se inscrever. If you are visiting our channel for the first time, don't forget to subscribe.

και να πατήσετε στο εικονίδιο με το κουδούνι για να ειδοποιήστε κάθε φορά που ανεβάζουμε νέο βίντεο. e|de|vocês cliquem|no|ícone|com|o|sino|para|de|vocês sejam notificados|toda|vez|que|nós carregamos|novo|vídeo and|to|you press|on the|icon|with|the|bell|to|to|you get notified|every|time|that|we upload|new|video E clique no ícone do sino para ser notificado sempre que carregarmos um novo vídeo. And click on the bell icon to be notified every time we upload a new video.

Τι λέτε πάμε να ξεκινήσουμε; o que|vocês dizem|vamos|de|nós começamos what|you say|let's go|to|we start O que você acha, vamos começar? What do you say, shall we get started?

Μέλος της δυναστείας των Αργεαδών, η οποία κυβερνούσε την Μακεδονία από τον 8ο αιώνα π.Χ., membro|da|dinastia|dos|Argeadas|a|que|governava|a|Macedônia|desde|o|8º|século|| member|of the|dynasty|of the|Argead|which|which|ruled|the|Macedonia|from|the|8th|century|| Membro da dinastia dos Argeadas, que governou a Macedônia desde o século VIII a.C. A member of the Argead dynasty, which ruled Macedonia from the 8th century BC,

ο Αλέξανδρος ήταν γιος του βασιλιά Αμύντα Α' και της βασίλισσας Ευρυδίκης και αδελφός της Γυγαίας. o|Alexandre|era|filho|do|rei|Amintas|I|e|da|rainha|Eurídice|e|irmão|da|Gigaia the|Alexander|he was|son|of the|king|Amyntas|I|and|of the|queen|Eurydice|and|brother|of the|Gygaia Alexandre era filho do rei Amintas I e da rainha Eurídice e irmão de Gigaia. Alexander was the son of King Amyntas I and Queen Eurydice and the brother of Gygaia.

Ο Ηρόδοτος αναφέρει ένα σημαντικό επεισόδιο που συνέβη περί το 510 π.Χ. O|Heródoto|menciona|um|importante|episódio|que|aconteceu|cerca|do|| the|Herodotus|he mentions|a|significant|episode|that|it happened|around|the|| Heródoto menciona um episódio importante que ocorreu por volta de 510 a.C. Herodotus mentions a significant episode that occurred around 510 BC.

το οποίο αναδεικνύει την προσωπικότητα του Αλέξανδρου όσο ήταν ακόμα νεαρός πρίγκιπας. o|qual|destaca|a|personalidade|do|Alexandre|enquanto|era|ainda|jovem|príncipe that|which|it highlights|the|personality|of the|Alexander|as|he was|still|young|prince que destaca a personalidade de Alexandre enquanto ele ainda era um jovem príncipe. This episode highlights Alexander's personality while he was still a young prince.

Εκείνη την χρονική περίοδο, ο Μεγάβαζος, ένας από τους ισχυρότερους στρατηγούς του βασιλιά της Περσίας Δαρείου Α', naquela|a|temporal|período|o|Megabazo|um|dos|os|mais poderosos|generais|do|rei|da|Pérsia|Dario|I that|the|temporal|period|the|Megabazus|one|of|the|strongest|generals|of the|king|of the|Persia|Darius|I Naquela época, Megabazo, um dos generais mais poderosos do rei persa Dario I, During that time, Megabazus, one of the most powerful generals of King Darius I of Persia,

απέστειλε πρεσβεία στον Αμύντα, ζητώντας «γη και ύδωρ», ως ένδειξη υποταγής στην Περσική κυριαρχία. ele enviou|embaixada|para o|Amintas|pedindo|terra|e|água|como|sinal|de submissão|ao|Persa|domínio he sent|embassy|to the|Amintas|asking|land|and|water|as|sign|of submission|to the|Persian|dominion enviou uma embaixada a Amintas, pedindo "terra e água", como sinal de submissão ao domínio persa. sent an embassy to Amyntas, asking for 'earth and water' as a sign of submission to Persian rule.

Ο βασιλιάς δέχτηκε, προσφέροντας συμπόσιο στους επτά Πέρσες απεσταλμένους, o|rei|ele aceitou|oferecendo|banquete|para os|sete|persas|enviados the|king|he accepted|offering|banquet|to the|seven|Persian|envoys O rei aceitou, oferecendo um banquete aos sete enviados persas, The king accepted, offering a banquet to the seven Persian envoys,

οι οποίοι γρήγορα άρχισαν να μεθούν και ζήτησαν γυναικεία συντροφιά. os|que|rapidamente|eles começaram|a|embriagar-se|e|pediram|feminina|companhia they|who|quickly|they began|to|get drunk|and|they asked|female|companionship que rapidamente começaram a se embriagar e pediram companhia feminina. who quickly began to get drunk and requested female companionship.

Κατόπιν αυτού, προσήλθαν στη γιορτή γυναίκες του Μακεδονικού Οίκου, depois disso|disso|elas chegaram|à|festa|mulheres|da|Macedônio|Casa after|this|they came|to the|feast|women|of the|Macedonian|House Após isso, mulheres da Casa Macedônica compareceram à festa, After this, women from the Macedonian House came to the feast,

οι οποίες δέχθηκαν παρενοχλήσεις από τους Πέρσες καλεσμένους. as|quais|receberam|assédios|de|os|persas|convidados the|which|received|harassments|from|the|Persians|guests as quais foram assediadas pelos convidados persas. who were harassed by the Persian guests.

Εξοργισμένος από τη συμπεριφορά των Περσών, ο Αλέξανδρος επινόησε ένα έξυπνο και ύπουλο σχέδιο για να τους σκοτώσει, enfurecido|com|a|comportamento|dos|persas|o|Alexandre|inventou|um|inteligente|e|astuto|plano|para|que|os|matá-los enraged|by|the|behavior|of the|Persians|the|Alexander|devised|a|clever|and|insidious|plan|to|to|them|kill Furioso com o comportamento dos persas, Alexandre elaborou um plano inteligente e traiçoeiro para matá-los, Furious at the behavior of the Persians, Alexander devised a clever and treacherous plan to kill them,

διατάσσοντας τους φίλους του να μεταμφιεστούν σε γυναίκες, ordenando|os|amigos|dele|que|se disfarcem|em|mulheres ordering|the|friends|his|to|disguise|as|women ordenando que seus amigos se disfarçassem de mulheres, ordering his friends to disguise themselves as women,

εμφανιζόμενοι στην γιορτή ως «ειδικό δώρο» για τους ξένους καλεσμένους και να φονεύσουν τους Πέρσες. aparecendo|na|festa|como|especial|presente|para|os|estrangeiros|convidados|e|que|matem|os|persas appearing|at the|celebration|as|special|gift|to|the|foreign|guests|and|to|slay|the|Persians aparecendo na festa como um "presente especial" para os convidados estrangeiros e assassinando os persas. appearing at the feast as a "special gift" for the foreign guests and to slay the Persians.

Σύμφωνα με τον Ηρόδοτο: segundo|com|o|Heródoto according|to|the|Herodotus De acordo com Heródoto: According to Herodotus:

«Ο Αλέξανδρος ύστερα απ᾽ αυτά τα λόγια έβαλε δίπλα σε κάθε Πέρση να καθίσει ένας Μακεδόνας, τάχα γυναίκα, o|Alexandre|depois|de|estas|as|palavras|colocou|ao lado|de|cada|persa|para|sentar|um|macedônio|supostamente|mulher the|Alexander|after|from|these|the|words|he put|next|to|every|Persian|to|sit|one|Macedonian|supposedly|woman «Alexandre, depois dessas palavras, fez com que ao lado de cada persa se sentasse um macedônio, como se fosse uma mulher, "After these words, Alexander placed a Macedonian next to each Persian, pretending to be a woman,

κι αυτοί, μόλις οι Πέρσες έκαναν να τους χαϊδέψουν, τους καθάρισαν. e|eles|assim que|os|persas|fizeram|para|os|acariciar|os|eliminaram and|they|as soon as|the|Persians|they made|to|them|to caress|them|they cleaned up e eles, assim que os persas tentaram acariciá-los, os eliminaram. and as soon as the Persians tried to caress them, they killed them.

Κι ετούτοι με τέτοιο θάνατο αφανίστηκαν, κι οι ίδιοι και η ακολουθία τους. e|estes|com|tal|morte|foram aniquilados|e|os|próprios|e|a|comitiva|deles and|these|with|such|death|they were annihilated|and|the|themselves|and|their|entourage|their E assim, com essa morte, foram exterminados, tanto eles quanto seu séquito. And they perished in such a death, both they and their entourage.

Γιατί συνοδεύονταν κι από άμαξες κι από υπηρέτες κι από τις κάθε λογής πολλές αποσκευές. porque|eram acompanhados|e|por|carruagens|e|por|servos|e|por|as|cada|tipo|muitas|bagagens because|they were accompanied|and|by|wagons|and|by|servants|and|by|the|every|kind|many|luggage Porque eram acompanhados por carruagens, por servos e por toda sorte de bagagens. Because they were accompanied by carriages and servants and all sorts of luggage.

Λοιπόν, όλος αυτός ο κόσμος μαζί μ᾽ όλους εκείνους αφανίστηκαν». então|todo|esse|o|mundo|junto|com|todos|aqueles|desapareceram well|all|this|the|world|together|with|all|those|they disappeared Então, todo esse povo junto com todos aqueles desapareceram. So, all these people along with all those disappeared.

Η δολοφονία των απεσταλμένων κρατήθηκε μυστική, αλλά σύντομα οι Πέρσες προσπάθησαν να ανακαλύψουν τι συνέβη στους άνδρες τους. a|assassinato|dos|mensageiros|foi mantido|secreto|mas|logo|os|persas|tentaram|a|descobrir|o que|aconteceu|com os|homens|deles the|murder|of the|envoys|it was kept|secret|but|soon|the|Persians|they tried|to|discover|what|happened|to their|men|their O assassinato dos enviados foi mantido em segredo, mas logo os persas tentaram descobrir o que aconteceu com seus homens. The murder of the envoys was kept secret, but soon the Persians tried to find out what happened to their men.

Την έρευνα διαχειρίστηκε ο στρατηγός Βουβάρης γιος του Μεγάβαζου. a|investigação|gerenciou|o|general|Buváris|filho|de|Megavazus the|investigation|he managed|the|general|Bouvaris|son|of the|Megabazus A investigação foi conduzida pelo general Boubarys, filho de Megabazos. The investigation was managed by General Boubaris, son of Megabazus.

Ο Αλέξανδρος επέδειξε για ακόμη μια φορά πονηριά, δωροδοκώντας τον Πέρση στρατηγό με ένα μεγάλο χρηματικό ποσό o|Alexandre|demonstrou|por|ainda|uma|vez|astúcia|subornando|o|persa|general|com|uma|grande|monetário|valor the|Alexander|he showed|for|still|a|time|cunning|bribing|the|Persian|general|with|a|large|monetary|amount Alexandre demonstrou mais uma vez astúcia, subornando o general persa com uma grande quantia em dinheiro. Alexander once again showed cunning, bribing the Persian general with a large sum of money.

και προσφέροντας την αδερφή του Γυγαία ως σύζυγο. e|oferecendo|a|irmã|de|Gigaia|como|esposa and|offering|the|sister|his|Gygaia|as|wife e oferecendo sua irmã Gigaia como esposa. and offering his sister Gygaia as a wife.

Οι μελετητές θεωρούν ότι ο γάμος μεταξύ της αδελφής του Αλέξανδρου και του Βουβάρη είναι πιθανός, os|estudiosos|consideram|que|o|casamento|entre|da|irmã|de|Alexandre|e|do|Buvári|é|provável the|scholars|they consider|that|the|marriage|between|the|sister|his|Alexander|and|the|Bubar|is|likely Os estudiosos acreditam que o casamento entre a irmã de Alexandre e o Bubar é provável, Scholars believe that the marriage between Alexander's sister and Bubares is likely,

αλλά οι περισσότεροι ιστορικοί πιστεύουν ότι η δολοφονία των Περσών απεσταλμένων είναι ψευδής. mas|os|mais|historiadores|acreditam|que|a|assassinato|dos|persas|enviados|é|falsa but|the|most|historians|they believe|that|the|murder|of the|Persian|envoys|is|false mas a maioria dos historiadores acredita que o assassinato dos enviados persas é falso. but most historians think that the assassination of the Persian envoys is false.

Ο Ηρόδοτος δεν παρέχει σχετικές λεπτομέρειες, όπως τα ονόματα των ευγενών που σφαγιάσθηκαν από τον Αλέξανδρο o|Heródoto|não|fornece|relacionadas|detalhes|como|os|nomes|dos|nobres|que|foram massacrados|por|o|Alexandre the|Herodotus|not|provides|relevant|details|such as|the|names|of the|nobles|who|were slaughtered|by|the|Alexander Heródoto não fornece detalhes relevantes, como os nomes dos nobres que foram assassinados por Alexandre. Herodotus does not provide relevant details, such as the names of the nobles who were slaughtered by Alexander.

και για ορισμένους είναι απίθανο ένας νεαρός πρίγκιπας, να τολμήσει να διαπράξει μια τέτοια βίαιη πράξη e|para|alguns|é|improvável|um|jovem|príncipe|que|ouse|que|cometa|um|tal|violenta|ato and|for|some|it is|unlikely|a|young|prince|to|dare|to|commit|a|such|violent|act E para alguns, é improvável que um jovem príncipe ouse cometer um ato tão violento. And for some, it is unlikely that a young prince would dare to commit such a violent act.

χωρίς τη συγκατάθεση του πατέρα του, θέτοντας σε κίνδυνο τις νεοσυσταθείσες διπλωματικές σχέσεις sem|a|consentimento|de|pai|seu|colocando|em|risco|as|recém-estabelecidas|diplomáticas|relações without|the|consent|of the|father|his|putting|in|danger|the|newly established|diplomatic|relations Sem o consentimento de seu pai, colocando em risco as recém-estabelecidas relações diplomáticas. Without the consent of his father, putting the newly established diplomatic relations at risk.

με την Περσική αυτοκρατορία των Αχαιμενιδών. com|o|Persa|império|dos|Aquemênidas with|the|Persian|empire|of the|Achaemenids Com o império persa dos aquemênidas. With the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

Εν ολίγοις, εκτιμάται ότι η ιστορία που ανέφερε ο Ηρόδοτος εφευρέθηκε από πηγές κοντά στον Αλέξανδρο, em|poucas palavras|estima-se|que|a|história|que|mencionou|o|Heródoto|foi inventada|por|fontes|próximas|ao|Alexandre in|few words|it is estimated|that|the|story|that|he mentioned|the|Herodotus|it was invented|by|sources|close|to the|Alexander Em resumo, estima-se que a história mencionada por Heródoto foi inventada por fontes próximas a Alexandre, In short, it is estimated that the story mentioned by Herodotus was invented by sources close to Alexander,

για να τονίσουν τη φήμη του και την ευφυΐα του. para|que|enfatizem|a|fama|dele|e|a|inteligência|dele for|to|they emphasize|the|fame|his|and|the|intelligence|his para enfatizar sua fama e sua inteligência. to emphasize his reputation and intelligence.

Όταν ο Αλέξανδρος ανέβηκε στο θρόνο, μετά το θάνατο του πατέρα του (περί 498 π.Χ.), quando|o|Alexandre|subiu|ao|trono|após|a|morte|de seu|pai|de seu|cerca de|| when|the|Alexander|he ascended|to the|throne|after|the|death|of his|father|his|around|| Quando Alexandre subiu ao trono, após a morte de seu pai (cerca de 498 a.C.), When Alexander ascended to the throne, after the death of his father (around 498 BC),

η Μακεδονία συνέχισε να αποτελεί Περσικό προτεκτοράτο και το 492 π.Χ. ο νέος βασιλιάς υποτάχθηκε στον Πέρση στρατηγό Μαρδόνιο. a|Macedônia|continuou|a|ser|Persa|protetorado|e|o|||o|novo|rei|se submeteu|ao|Persa|general|Mardônio the|Macedonia|it continued|to|to be|Persian|protectorate|and|the|||the|new|king|he submitted|to the|Persian|general|Mardonius a Macedônia continuou a ser um protetorado persa e em 492 a.C. o novo rei se submeteu ao general persa Mardônio. Macedonia continued to be a Persian protectorate and in 492 BC the new king submitted to the Persian general Mardonius.

Όταν το 480 π.Χ., ο Ξέρξης Α' εισέβαλε στην Ελλάδα, ελπίζοντας να προσαρτήσει τις πόλεις-κράτη, quando|o|||o|Xerxes|I|invadiu|na|Grécia|esperando|que|anexasse|as|| when|the|||the|Xerxes|I|invaded|in|Greece|hoping|to|annex|the|| Quando em 480 a.C., Xerxes I invadiu a Grécia, esperando anexar as cidades-estado, When in 480 BC, Xerxes I invaded Greece, hoping to annex the city-states,

ο Αλέξανδρος έπρεπε να παρέχει στους εισβολείς στρατιωτική και διοικητική υποστήριξη. o|Alexandre|teve que|que|fornecer|aos|invasores|militar|e|administrativa|apoio the|Alexander|had to|to|provide|to the|invaders|military|and|administrative|support Alexandre teve que fornecer apoio militar e administrativo aos invasores. Alexander had to provide military and administrative support to the invaders.

Ωστόσο, σύμφωνα με τον Ηρόδοτο, βοήθησε μυστικά τους λοιπούς Έλληνες κατά τη διάρκεια του πολέμου. no entanto|de acordo|com|o|Heródoto|ajudou|secretamente|os|demais|gregos|durante|a|duração|da|guerra however|according|to|the|Herodotus|he helped|secretly|the|other|Greeks|during|the|duration|of the|war No entanto, de acordo com Heródoto, ele secretamente ajudou os outros gregos durante a guerra. However, according to Herodotus, he secretly helped the other Greeks during the war.

Ενώ ο στρατός του Ελληνικού συνασπισμού εγκαταστάθηκε στην κοιλάδα των Τεμπών, enquanto|o|exército|da|grego|coalizão|se estabeleceu|no|vale|dos|Tempe while|the|army|of the|Greek|coalition|was stationed|in|valley|of the|Tempe Enquanto o exército da coalizão grega se estabelecia no vale de Tempe, While the army of the Greek coalition was stationed in the Vale of Tempe,

ο Αλέξανδρος τους προειδοποίησε για τον κίνδυνο της ευάλωτης στρατηγικής τους θέσης, αναγκάζοντάς τους να αποσυρθούν. o|Alexandre|os|avisou|sobre|o|perigo|da|vulnerável|estratégica|sua|posição|forçando|os|a|se retirarem the|Alexander|them|warned|about|the|danger|of the|vulnerable|strategic|their|position|forcing|them|to|withdraw Alexandre os alertou sobre o perigo de sua posição estratégica vulnerável, forçando-os a se retirar. Alexander warned them about the danger of their vulnerable strategic position, forcing them to withdraw.

Αργότερα, μετά τη μάχη της Σαλαμίνας (480 π.Χ.) ο Μαρδόνιος τον έστειλε να ηγηθεί διπλωματικής αποστολής στην Αθήνα, mais tarde|depois|da|batalha|da|Salamina|||o|Mardônio|o|enviou|a|liderar|diplomática|missão|a|Atenas later|after|the|battle|of the|Salamis|||the|Mardonius|him|sent|to|lead|diplomatic|mission|to the|Athens Mais tarde, após a batalha de Salamina (480 a.C.), Mardônio o enviou para liderar uma missão diplomática em Atenas, Later, after the Battle of Salamis (480 BC), Mardonius sent him to lead a diplomatic mission to Athens,

με στόχο να πείσει τους Αθηναίους να υπογράψουν συνθήκη ειρήνης με τον Ξέρξη. com|objetivo|a|convencer|os|atenienses|a|assinem|tratado|paz|com|o|Xerxes with|aim|to|convince|the|Athenians|to|sign|treaty|peace|with|the|Xerxes com o objetivo de convencer os atenienses a assinar um tratado de paz com Xerxes. aiming to convince the Athenians to sign a peace treaty with Xerxes.

Ο Αλέξανδρος επιλέχθηκε για την αποστολή ως «φίλος» της Αθήνας που του είχε απονεμηθεί ο τιμητικός τίτλος του «προξένου» o|Alexandre|foi escolhido|para|a|missão|como|amigo|de|Atenas|que|lhe|tinha|sido concedido|o|honorário|título|de|cônsul the|Alexander|was chosen|for|the|mission|as|friend|of the|Athens|who|to him|had|been awarded|the|honorary|title|of the|consul Alexandre foi escolhido para a missão como "amigo" de Atenas, a quem foi concedido o título honorário de "cônsul". Alexander was chosen for the mission as a "friend" of Athens who had been awarded the honorary title of "consul."

αφού βοήθησε τους Αθηναίους στο παρελθόν με προμήθειες ξυλείας για την κατασκευή του στόλου τους, depois que|ele ajudou|os|atenienses|no|passado|com|suprimentos|de madeira|para|a|construção|de|frota|deles after|he helped|the|Athenians|in the|past|with|supplies|timber|for|the|construction|of the|fleet|their depois de ter ajudado os atenienses no passado com suprimentos de madeira para a construção de sua frota, after helping the Athenians in the past with supplies of timber for the construction of their fleet,

πιθανώς πριν το ξέσπασμα του 2ου Περσικού πολέμου. possivelmente|antes|do|eclodir|da|2ª|Persa|guerra possibly|before|the|outbreak|of the|2nd|Persian|war provavelmente antes do início da segunda guerra persa. possibly before the outbreak of the 2nd Persian war.

Ωστόσο, η ειρηνευτική προσφορά απορρίφθηκε κατηγορηματικά. no entanto|a|pacificadora|oferta|foi rejeitada|categoricamente however|the|peace|offer|it was rejected|categorically No entanto, a oferta de paz foi categoricamente rejeitada. However, the peace offer was categorically rejected.

Στο 479 π.Χ., τη νύχτα πριν τη μάχη των Πλαταιών, ο βασιλιάς της Μακεδονίας φέρεται να επισκέφθηκε το Ελληνικό στρατόπεδο, em|||a|noite|antes|da|batalha|de|Plateias|o|rei|da|Macedônia|diz-se|que|ele visitou|o|grego|acampamento in the|||the|night|before|the|battle|of the|Plataea|the|king|of the|Macedonia|he is said|to|he visited|the|Greek|camp Em 479 a.C., na noite anterior à batalha de Plateias, o rei da Macedônia teria visitado o acampamento grego, In 479 BC, the night before the Battle of Plataea, the king of Macedonia is said to have visited the Greek camp,

αποκαλύπτοντας στους Έλληνες τα σχέδια μάχης του Μαρδόνιου. revelando|aos|gregos|os|planos|de batalha|de|Mardônio revealing|to the|Greeks|the|plans|of battle|of the|Mardonius revelando aos gregos os planos de batalha de Mardônio. revealing to the Greeks the battle plans of Mardonius.

Σύμφωνα με τον Ηρόδοτο, είπε στους Αθηναίους: segundo|a|o|Heródoto|ele disse|aos|atenienses according|to|to the|Herodotus|he said|to the|Athenians De acordo com Heródoto, ele disse aos atenienses: According to Herodotus, he said to the Athenians:

«Άνδρες Αθηναίοι, καταθέτω εμπιστευτικά στη φύλαξή σας αυτά τα λόγια, homens|atenienses|eu deposito|confidencialmente|na|guarda|de vocês|estas|as|palavras men|Athenians|I deposit|confidentially|to the|custody|your|these|the|words «Homens atenienses, confio a vocês estas palavras de forma confidencial, "Men of Athens, I confidentially entrust these words to your guard,

με την παράκληση να μείνουν απόρρητα, μονάχα στον Παυσανία να τα πείτε και σε κανέναν άλλο, com|a|solicitação|que|fiquem|em segredo|apenas|ao|Pausânias|que|as|vocês digam|e|a|ninguém|outro with|the|request|to|they remain|secret|only|to the|Pausanias|to|them|you say|and|to|no|other com o pedido de que permaneçam em sigilo, apenas para Pausânias e mais ninguém, with the request that they remain secret, only to be told to Pausanias and no one else,

για να μη με πάρετε στο λαιμό σας. para|que|não|me|peguem|no|pescoço|de vocês for|to|not|me|you take|in|neck|your para que vocês não me levem na sua queda. so that you do not take me down with you.

Γιατί δε θα μιλούσα, αν η έγνοια μου για ολόκληρη την Ελλάδα δεν ήταν μεγάλη. porque|não|verbo auxiliar futuro|falaria|se|a|preocupação|minha|por|inteira|a|Grécia|não|era|grande because|not|will|I would speak|if|the|concern|my|for|entire|the|Greece|not|it was|great Porque eu não falaria, se a minha preocupação com toda a Grécia não fosse grande. Because I would not speak if my concern for all of Greece was not great.

Γιατί κι εγώ στην καταγωγή ανέκαθεν είμαι Έλληνας και δε θα ήθελα να βλέπω την Ελλάδα να χάσει τη λευτεριά της και να σκλαβωθεί. porque|e|eu|na|origem|sempre|sou|grego|e|não|verbo auxiliar futuro|gostaria|que|ver|a|Grécia|que|perca|a|liberdade|dela|e|que|se torne escrava because|and|I|in the|origin|always|I am|Greek|and|not|would|I would like|to|I see|the|Greece|to|it loses|the|freedom|its|and|to|it becomes enslaved Porque eu também sou grego por origem e não gostaria de ver a Grécia perder sua liberdade e ser escravizada. Because I too am Greek by origin and I would not want to see Greece lose its freedom and be enslaved.

Λέω λοιπόν πως στάθηκε αδύνατο οι θυσίες να δώσουν προγνωστικά που να ευφράνουν την ψυχή του Μαρδονίου και του στρατού του. digo|portanto|que|tornou-se|impossível|as|sacrifícios|que|deem|previsões|que|que|alegrem|a|alma|de|Mardônio|e|de|exército|dele I say|therefore|that|it became|impossible|the|sacrifices|to|they give|predictions|that|to|they gladden|the|soul|of the|Mardonius|and|of the|army|of his Digo, portanto, que foi impossível as sacrifícios darem prognósticos que alegrassem a alma de Mardônio e de seu exército. I therefore say that it has become impossible for the sacrifices to provide predictions that would please the soul of Mardonius and his army.

Γιατί, τότε, θα είχατε έρθει στα χέρια εδώ και καιρό. porque|então|partícula de futuro|vocês teriam|chegado|nas|mãos|aqui|e|tempo why|then|will|you had|come|to the|hands|here|and|long time Porque, então, vocês já teriam se enfrentado há muito tempo. Because, then, you would have come to blows a long time ago.

Λοιπόν, τώρα αποφάσισε να κάνει πέρα τις θυσίες και με το χάραμα της μέρας, να δώσει μάχη. então|agora|ele decidiu|partícula que indica infinitivo|fazer|além|as|sacrifícios|e|com|a|amanhecer|da|dia|partícula que indica infinitivo|dar|batalha well|now|he decided|to|make|aside|the|sacrifices|and|with|the|dawn|of the|day|to|give|battle Bem, agora decidiu deixar de lado os sacrifícios e, com o amanhecer do dia, dar a luta. Well, now he decided to put aside the sacrifices and, with the dawn of the day, to fight.

Γιατί, όπως υποθέτω, τον έζωσε φόβος μήπως μαζευτείτε περισσότεροι. porque|como|eu suponho|o|ele o cercou|medo|de que|vocês se reúnam|mais because|as|I suppose|him|it surrounded|fear|that|you gather|more Porque, como suponho, ele foi tomado pelo medo de que vocês se reunissem em maior número. Because, as I suppose, he was gripped by fear that you might gather in greater numbers.

Μ᾽ αυτά τα δεδομένα, αρχίστε τις ετοιμασίες. com|esses|os|dados|vocês comecem|as|preparações with|these|the|data|start|the|preparations Com esses dados, comecem os preparativos. With this information, start the preparations.

Και πάλι, αν ο Μαρδόνιος αναβάλει τη σύγκρουση και δεν την επιχειρήσει, κάντε κουράγιο μένοντας στη θέση σας. e|de novo|se|o|Mardônio|adiar|a|conflito|e|não|a|tentar|façam|coragem|ficando|na|posição|de vocês and|again|if|the|Mardonius|postpones|the|conflict|and|not|it|attempts|make|courage|staying|in the|position|your E novamente, se Mardônio adiar o confronto e não o tentar, tenham coragem permanecendo em suas posições. And again, if Mardonius postpones the conflict and does not attempt it, hold on by staying in your position.

Γιατί τα τρόφιμα που του έμειναν είναι για λίγες μέρες. porque|os|alimentos|que|lhe|restaram|são|para|poucos|dias because|the|food|that|to him|remained|are|for|few|days Porque os alimentos que lhe restam são para poucos dias. Because the food he has left is for a few days.

Κι αν το τέλος του πολέμου έρθει όπως το θέλει η καρδιά σας, κάποιοι ας φροντίσουν να ξαναδώσουν και σε μένα τη λευτεριά, e|se|o|fim|da|guerra|chegar|como|o|quer|o|coração|de vocês|alguns|que|cuidem|para|devolver|e|a|mim|a|liberdade and|if|the|end|of the|war|comes|as|it|wants|the|heart|your|some|let them|take care|to|give back|and|to|me|the|freedom E se o fim da guerra chegar como o deseja o seu coração, que alguns se preocupem em me devolver a liberdade, And if the end of the war comes as your heart desires, let some take care to restore my freedom as well,

που για χάρη της Ελλάδας έχω κάνει μια τέτοια αποκοτιά από τη λαχτάρα μου, θέλοντας να σας κάνω φανερές τις προθέσεις του Μαρδονίου, que|por|causa|da|Grécia|eu tenho|feito|uma|tal|ousadia|de|a|desejo|meu|querendo|para|a vocês|eu faço|claras|as|intenções|do|Mardônio that|for|sake|of|Greece|I have|made|a|such|recklessness|from|the|longing|my|wanting|to|to you|I make|clear|the|intentions|of the|Mardonius que por causa da Grécia eu fiz uma tal ousadia por meu desejo, querendo tornar claras as intenções de Mardônio, which for the sake of Greece I have made such a bold move out of my longing, wanting to make your intentions regarding Mardonius clear,

για να μη πέσουν [ξαφνικά] οι βάρβαροι επάνω σας την ώρα που δεν το περιμένατε. para|que|não|caiam|de repente|os|bárbaros|em cima|de vocês|a|hora|que|não|o|esperavam in order to|to|not|they fall|suddenly|the|barbarians|upon|you|the|time|that|not|it|you expected para que os bárbaros não caiam [de repente] sobre vocês no momento em que não esperavam. so that the barbarians do not suddenly fall upon you at a time when you least expect it.

Κι είμαι ο Αλέξανδρος ο Μακεδών». e|sou|o|Alexandre|o|macedônio and|I am|the|Alexander|the|Macedonian E eu sou Alexandre, o Macedônio. And I am Alexander the Macedonian."

Αυτά είπε και γύρισε με τ᾽ άλογό του στο στρατόπεδο και στη θέση του». isso|disse|e|voltou|com|seu|cavalo|dele|para o|acampamento|e|na|posição|dele these|he said|and|he turned|with|his|horse|his|to|camp|and|to the|position|his Disse isso e voltou com seu cavalo para o acampamento e para sua posição. He said this and turned with his horse back to the camp and to his place."

Ο Ελληνικός θρίαμβος κατά των Περσών στις Πλαταιές σηματοδότησε το τέλος του πολέμου o|grego|triunfo|contra|os|persas|nas|Plateias|marcou|o|fim|da|guerra the|Greek|triumph|against|the|Persians|at the|Plataea|it marked|the|end|of the|war O triunfo grego sobre os persas em Plateias marcou o fim da guerra. The Greek triumph against the Persians at Plataea marked the end of the war.

και ο Αλέξανδρος αποφάσισε να συνταχθεί με τους λοιπούς Έλληνες, βοηθώντας τους να απομακρύνουν τους Πέρσες από τα εδάφη τους. e|o|Alexandre|decidiu|que|alistar-se|com|os|demais|gregos|ajudando|os|que|afastem|os|persas|de|os|territórios|deles and|the|Alexander|he decided|to|join|with|the|other|Greeks|helping|them|to|remove|the|Persians|from|the|territories|their e Alexandre decidiu se juntar aos demais gregos, ajudando-os a expulsar os persas de suas terras. and Alexander decided to align himself with the other Greeks, helping them to drive the Persians from their lands.

Η αξιοπιστία όλων αυτών των συμβάντων που ανέφερε ο Ηρόδοτος αμφισβητείται εν μέρει από κάποιους ιστορικούς, a|credibilidade|de todos|esses|dos|eventos|que|mencionou|o|Heródoto|é questionada|em|parte|por|alguns|historiadores the|reliability|all|of these|the|events|that|he mentioned|the|Herodotus|it is questioned|in|part|by|some|historians A credibilidade de todos esses eventos mencionados por Heródoto é parcialmente questionada por alguns historiadores, The reliability of all these events mentioned by Herodotus is partially questioned by some historians,

αλλά αυτό που είναι βέβαιο είναι ότι τόσο κατά τη διάρκεια όσο και μετά την αποχώρηση των Περσών, mas|isso|que|é|certo|é|que|tanto|durante|a|duração|quanto|e|após|a|retirada|dos|persas but|this|that|it is|certain|it is|that|both|during|the|duration|as|and|after|the|departure|of the|Persians mas o que é certo é que tanto durante quanto após a retirada dos persas, but what is certain is that both during and after the departure of the Persians,

ο Αλέξανδρος επέδειξε εξαιρετικές διπλωματικές δεξιότητες, o|Alexandre|demonstrou|excepcionais|diplomáticas|habilidades the|Alexander|he demonstrated|exceptional|diplomatic|skills Alexandre demonstrou habilidades diplomáticas excepcionais, Alexander demonstrated exceptional diplomatic skills,

διατηρώντας την ενότητα του βασιλείου του και θέτοντας τα θεμέλια της μελλοντικής του ανάπτυξής. mantendo|a|unidade|do|reino|seu|e|estabelecendo|os|fundamentos|da|futura|seu|desenvolvimento maintaining|the|unity|of|kingdom|his|and|laying|the|foundations|of|future|its|development mantendo a unidade do seu reino e estabelecendo as bases para o seu desenvolvimento futuro. maintaining the unity of his kingdom and laying the foundations for its future development.

Ενόσω ήταν στην εξουσία ως βασιλιάς της Μακεδονίας, enquanto|estava|no|poder|como|rei|da|Macedônia while|he was|in the|power|as|king|of|Macedonia Enquanto esteve no poder como rei da Macedônia, While he was in power as king of Macedonia,

ο Αλέξανδρος κατάφερε να εκμεταλλευτεί τις πολιτικές συνθήκες και να επωφεληθεί με την προσάρτηση εδαφών. o|Alexandre|conseguiu|a|aproveitar|as|políticas|condições|e|a|beneficiar|com|a|anexação|de territórios the|Alexander|he managed|to|exploit|the|political|conditions|and|to|benefit|with|the|annexation|territories Alexandre conseguiu aproveitar as condições políticas e se beneficiar com a anexação de territórios. Alexander managed to exploit the political conditions and benefit from the annexation of territories.

Απέκτησε τον έλεγχο της ανατολικής περιοχής της κοιλάδας Στρυμόνα, πλούσια σε λατομεία ele adquiriu|o|controle|da|oriental|região|do|vale|Struma|rica|em|pedreiras he acquired|the|control|of|eastern|area|of the|valley|Strymon|rich|in|quarries Ele obteve o controle da região oriental do vale do Struma, rica em pedreiras. He gained control of the eastern area of the Strymon valley, rich in quarries.

και κατέκτησε τη στρατηγική λιμενική πόλη Πύδνα στον Θερμαϊκό Κόλπο. e|conquistou|a|estratégica|portuária|cidade|Pidna|no|Termáico|Golfo and|he conquered|the|strategic|port|city|Pydna|in the|Thermaic|Gulf e conquistou a cidade portuária estratégica de Pydna na Baía de Therma. and conquered the strategic port city of Pydna in the Thermaic Gulf.

Παρά τον τίτλο του προξένου, οι εδαφικές φιλοδοξίες του Αλέξανδρου τον είχαν συχνά φέρει σε αντίθεση με την Αθήνα, apesar de|o|título|de|cônsul|as|territoriais|ambições|de|Alexandre|o|tinham|frequentemente|trazido|em|oposição|com|a|Atenas despite|the|title|of the|consul|the|territorial|ambitions|of|Alexander|them|they had|often|brought|in|conflict|with|the|Athens Apesar do título de cônsul, as ambições territoriais de Alexandre frequentemente o colocaram em conflito com Atenas, Despite his title as consul, Alexander's territorial ambitions often brought him into conflict with Athens,

υποστηρίζοντας τον έλεγχο μεγάλων περιοχών της Χαλκιδικής και της Θράκης. apoiando|o|controle|grandes|áreas|da|Calcídica|e|da|Trácia supporting|the|control|large|areas|of the|Chalkidiki|and|of the|Thrace apoiando o controle de grandes áreas da Chalkidiki e da Trácia. supporting the control of large areas of Chalcidice and Thrace.

Από γεωπολιτική άποψη, ο στρατηγικός στόχος του Αλεξάνδρου de|geopolítica|perspectiva|o|estratégico|objetivo|de|Alexandre from|geopolitical|perspective|the|strategic|goal|of the|Alexander Do ponto de vista geopolítico, o objetivo estratégico de Alexandre From a geopolitical perspective, Alexander's strategic goal

ήταν να αποδεσμεύσει την Μακεδονία από την επιρροή των φορτικών γειτόνων του. era|para|libertar|a|Macedônia|de|a|influência|dos|vizinhos|vizinhos|dele it was|to|free|the|Macedonia|from|the|influence|of the|burdensome|neighbors|his era para libertar a Macedônia da influência dos vizinhos opressivos. was to free Macedonia from the influence of its burdensome neighbors.

Δεν ήταν μόνο οι Αθηναίοι, προερχόμενοι από τη θάλασσα, αλλά και οι Θράκες, não|eram|apenas|os|atenienses|provenientes|do|o|mar|mas|e|os|trácios not|they were|only|the|Athenians|coming|from|the|sea|but|also|the|Thracians Não eram apenas os atenienses, vindos do mar, mas também os trácios, It was not only the Athenians, coming from the sea, but also the Thracians,

οι οποίοι κατείχαν πλούσια ορυχεία και ασκούσαν πίεση στο βασίλειο της Μακεδονίας από τα ανατολικά, os|que|possuíam|ricas|minas|e|exerciam|pressão|no|reino|da|Macedônia|de|do|leste the|who|they held|rich|mines|and|they exerted|pressure|on the|kingdom|of the|Macedonia|from|the|east que possuíam ricas minas e exerciam pressão sobre o reino da Macedônia a partir do leste, who held rich mines and exerted pressure on the kingdom of Macedonia from the east,

καθώς και οι φυλές των Ιλλυριών και των Παιόνων, γνωστές για τις εφόδους τους στα δυτικά και βόρεια σύνορα. assim como|e|as|tribos|dos|ilírios|e|dos|peônios|conhecidas|por|suas|incursões|suas|nas|oeste|e|norte|fronteiras as|also|the|tribes|of the|Illyrians|and|of the|Paeonians|known|for|their|raids|their|on the|western|and|northern|borders assim como as tribos dos ilírios e dos peônios, conhecidas por suas incursões nas fronteiras ocidentais e setentrionais. as well as the tribes of the Illyrians and Paeonians, known for their raids on the western and northern borders.

Για την επίτευξη αυτού του στόχου, ο Αλέξανδρος εισήγαγε μια σημαντική στρατιωτική μεταρρύθμιση para|a|realização|deste|objetivo|alvo|o|Alexandre|introduziu|uma|importante|militar|reforma for|the|achievement|this|of|goal|the|Alexander|introduced|a|significant|military|reform Para alcançar esse objetivo, Alexandre introduziu uma importante reforma militar. To achieve this goal, Alexander introduced a significant military reform.

με τη δημιουργία της μελλοντικής ραχοκοκαλιάς του Μακεδονικού στρατού, com|a|criação|da|futura|espinha dorsal|do|macedônio|exército with|the|creation|of the|future|backbone|of the|Macedonian|army com a criação da futura espinha dorsal do exército macedônio, by creating the future backbone of the Macedonian army,

καθιερώνοντας τους εταίρους (σύντροφοι) και τους πεζέταιρους (πεζοί σύντροφοι). estabelecendo|os|companheiros|companheiros|e|os|pé de infante|pé|companheiros establishing|the|companions|companions|and|the|infantry companions|infantry|companions estabelecendo os companheiros (companheiros) e os pé de guerra (companheiros de pé). establishing the companions (hetairoi) and the foot companions (pezhetairoi).

Σύμφωνα με απόσπασμα του Έλληνα ιστορικού Αναξιμένη του Λαμψακηνού: segundo|com|trecho|do|grego|historiador|Anaximeno|de|Lampsaceno according|to|excerpt|of the|Greek|historian|Anaximenes|of the|Lampsakene De acordo com um trecho do historiador grego Anaxímenes de Lampsaco: According to a passage from the Greek historian Anaximenes of Lampsacus:

«Αφού έκανε τους πιο ευγενείς άντρες να υπηρετούν ως ιππείς, ο Αλέξανδρος τους ονόμασε εταίρους, depois que|ele fez|os|mais|nobres|homens|que|sirvam|como|cavaleiros|o|Alexandre|os|ele chamou|companheiros after|he made|the|most|noble|men|to|they serve|as|cavalrymen|the|Alexander|them|he named|companions «Depois de fazer os homens mais nobres servirem como cavaleiros, Alexandre os chamou de companheiros, "After making the most noble men serve as cavalry, Alexander called them companions,

ωστόσο την πλειονότητα, δηλαδή το πεζικό, το ονόμασε πεζέταιρους. no entanto|a|maioria|ou seja|o|infantaria|o|ele chamou|infanteiros however|the|majority|that is|the|infantry|it|he named|foot companions no entanto, a maioria, ou seja, a infantaria, ele chamou de infantaria. however, the majority, namely the infantry, he called foot companions.

Το έκανε αυτό προκειμένου κάθε μία από τις δύο ομάδες, που απολάμβανε της βασιλικής προστασίας, να είναι πάντα απόλυτα πιστή στον βασιλέα». isso|ele fez|isso|a fim de|cada|uma|de|as|duas|grupos|que|desfrutava|da|real|proteção|que|seja|sempre|absolutamente|fiel|ao|rei this|he did|this|in order that|each|one|of|the|two|groups|that|enjoyed|the|royal|protection|to|they are|always|absolutely|faithful|to the|king Ele fez isso para que cada um dos dois grupos, que desfrutava da proteção real, fosse sempre absolutamente leal ao rei». He did this so that each of the two groups, which enjoyed the royal protection, would always be completely loyal to the king."

Ο Αλέξανδρος ο Α' πέθανε σε 454 π.Χ., αφήνοντας το θρόνο στον μεγαλύτερο γιο του, Αλκέτα Β'. o|Alexandre|o|primeiro|ele morreu|em|||deixando|o|trono|ao|maior|filho|seu|Alqueto|segundo the|Alexander|the|first|he died|in|||leaving|the|throne|to the|oldest|son|his|Alcetas|second Alexandre I morreu em 454 a.C., deixando o trono para seu filho mais velho, Alcetas II. Alexander I died in 454 BC, leaving the throne to his eldest son, Alcetas II.

Δεν γνωρίζουμε τις ακριβείς συνθήκες θανάτου του, παρόλο που ο Ρωμαίος ιστορικός Κούρτιος Ρούφος θεωρεί ότι δολοφονήθηκε. não|sabemos|as|exatas|condições|morte|dele|apesar|de que|o|romano|historiador|Curtius|Rufus|considera|que|foi assassinado not|we know|the|exact|circumstances|of death|his|although|that|the|Roman|historian|Curtius|Rufus|he considers|that|he was murdered Não sabemos as circunstâncias exatas de sua morte, embora o historiador romano Cúrtio Rufo considere que ele foi assassinado. We do not know the exact circumstances of his death, although the Roman historian Curtius Rufus believes he was murdered.

Το προσωνύμιο «Φιλέλληνας», με το οποίο είναι γνωστός, o|epíteto|'Filéleno'|com|o|qual|é|conhecido the|nickname|Philhellene|with|the|which|it is|known O epíteto "Filéleno", pelo qual é conhecido, The nickname 'Philhellene', by which he is known,

αναφέρεται για πρώτη φορά τον 2ο αιώνα μ.Χ. από τον ιστορικό Δίωνα τον Χρυσόστομο. é mencionado|para|primeira|vez|no|2º|século|||por|o|historiador|Dión|o|Crisóstomo it is mentioned|for|first|time|in the|2nd|century|||by|the|historian|Dion|the|Chrysostom é mencionado pela primeira vez no século II d.C. pelo historiador Diónio de Crisóstomo. is mentioned for the first time in the 2nd century AD by the historian Dio Chrysostom.

Η βασιλεία του Αλέξανδρου διήρκεσε σχεδόν 50 χρόνια, κατά τη διάρκεια των οποίων το βασίλειο της Μακεδονίας επεκτάθηκε και πέτυχε ευημερία. a|reinado|de|Alexandre|durou|quase|anos|durante|a|duração|dos|quais|o|reino|da|Macedônia|se expandiu|e|alcançou|prosperidade the|reign|of|Alexander|it lasted|almost|years|during|the|duration|of the|which|the|kingdom|of|Macedonia|it expanded|and|it achieved|prosperity O reinado de Alexandre durou quase 50 anos, durante os quais o reino da Macedônia se expandiu e alcançou prosperidade. The reign of Alexander lasted nearly 50 years, during which the kingdom of Macedonia expanded and achieved prosperity.

Κατά τη διάρκεια του πρώτου μισού του 5ου αιώνα π.Χ., υπήρξε επίσης καλλιτεχνική ανάπτυξη στην περιοχή, durante|a|duração|do|primeiro|meio|do|5º|século|||houve|também|artística|desenvolvimento|na|região during|the|duration|of the|first|half|of the|5th|century|||there was|also|artistic|development|in the|area Durante a primeira metade do século V a.C., houve também um desenvolvimento artístico na região, During the first half of the 5th century BC, there was also artistic development in the region,

όπως πιστοποιείται από τα χρυσά αντικείμενα και νομίσματα που βρέθηκαν αργότερα, καθώς και αλλαγή στον τρόπο ζωής της Μακεδονίας, como|é certificado|por|os|dourados|objetos|e|moedas|que|foram encontrados|mais tarde|assim como|e|mudança|no|modo|de vida|da|Macedônia as|is certified|by|the|golden|objects|and|coins|that|were found|later|as|and|change|in the|way|of life|of the|Macedonia como atestado pelos objetos de ouro e moedas que foram encontrados posteriormente, bem como uma mudança no modo de vida da Macedônia, as evidenced by the gold objects and coins found later, as well as a change in the lifestyle of Macedonia,

αφού από την εποχική βοσκή, πολλοί εγκαταστάθηκαν σε πόλεις, ενώ άλλοι έγιναν αγρότες. pois que|de|a|sazonal|pastoreio|muitos|se estabeleceram|em|cidades|enquanto|outros|se tornaram|agricultores since|from|the|seasonal|grazing|many|settled|in|cities|while|others|became|farmers já que, além da pastagem sazonal, muitos se estabeleceram em cidades, enquanto outros se tornaram agricultores. since many settled in cities from seasonal grazing, while others became farmers.

Γενικά, άρχισαν σιγά – σιγά να αναγνωρίζονται ως μέρος του λοιπού Ελληνικού κόσμου. em geral|começaram|devagar|devagar|a|serem reconhecidos|como|parte|do|restante|grego|mundo generally|they began|slowly|slowly|to|be recognized|as|part|of the|rest|Greek|world De modo geral, começaram a ser reconhecidos, aos poucos, como parte do restante do mundo grego. In general, they began to be gradually recognized as part of the rest of the Greek world.

Για τον ίδιο τον Αλέξανδρο, η αναγνώριση από τα μεγάλα ιερά της Ελλάδας ήταν μια «επαναστατική» εξέλιξη, para|o|mesmo|o|Alexandre|a|reconhecimento|de|os|grandes|santuários|da|Grécia|foi|uma|revolucionária|evolução for|the|same|the|Alexander|the|recognition|from|the|great|sanctuaries|of|Greece|was|a|revolutionary|development Para o próprio Alexandre, o reconhecimento pelos grandes santuários da Grécia foi uma evolução "revolucionária", For Alexander himself, the recognition from the great sanctuaries of Greece was a "revolutionary" development,

η οποία έθεσε τα θεμέλια για τη μελλοντική κυριαρχία του Φιλίππου Β' του Μακεδόνα (βασ. 359-336 π.Χ.). a|qual|colocou|os|fundamentos|para|a|futura|dominação|de|Filipe|II|de|macedônio|reinado|| which|which|laid|the|foundations|for|the|future|dominance|of|Philip|II|of|Macedonian|reign|| que lançou as bases para o futuro domínio de Filipe II da Macedônia (reinou de 359 a 336 a.C.). which laid the foundations for the future dominance of Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BC).