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The Fraser Institute, Essential UCLA School of Economics: The Nirvana Fallacy

Essential UCLA School of Economics: The Nirvana Fallacy

Welcome to the essential ideas of the UCLA School of Economics.

One of the many contributions of Harold Demsetz, a key economist at UCLA,

is how economists, and people more generally, compare the status quo to alternatives.

Demsetz observed that people advocating government intervention often do so based on an imagined

solution rather than a real world alternative. As Demsetz explained, all real-world alternatives

have faults because nothing is perfect, and if improving the status quo is the goal,

the appropriate comparison is between real-world, imperfect alternatives–

not imagined, perfect ones. His theory became known as the “Nirvana fallacy.”

Let's explore this idea with rent-controlled housing. Anti-poverty groups often argue that

housing provided by private companies fails to provide enough affordable housing. And so

these well-meaning groups lobby government to regulate the price that can be charged for rent,

which they assume will fix the problem and provide more affordable housing for low-income people.

One of the assumptions they're making is that landlords, developers, and investors

won't respond to the new limit placed on rent. But the imposition of rent control in the real

world has consistently resulted in less rental housing being built and current rental housing

being converted to condominiums – all of which reduce the availability of rental housing.

Ignoring real-world alternatives and instead relying on imagined solutions

often results in outcomes that are worse than the initial perceived problem.

Demsetz's insights into how we should compare alternatives to the status quo is a powerful

reminder of the importance of examining real-world alternatives rather than imagined solutions.

For more information on UCLA Economics, visit EssentialUCLAEconomics.org.

And to learn about more Essential Scholars visit EssentialScholars.org

you


Essential UCLA School of Economics: The Nirvana Fallacy

Welcome to the essential ideas  of the UCLA School of Economics. Bienvenue aux idées essentielles de l'UCLA School of Economics.

One of the many contributions of Harold  Demsetz, a key economist at UCLA, L'une des nombreuses contributions de Harold Demsetz, économiste clé à l'UCLA,

is how economists, and people more generally,  compare the status quo to alternatives. est de savoir comment les économistes, et plus généralement les gens, comparent le statu quo aux alternatives.

Demsetz observed that people advocating government  intervention often do so based on an imagined Demsetz a observé que les personnes qui préconisent l'intervention du gouvernement le font souvent sur la base d'une

solution rather than a real world alternative. As Demsetz explained, all real-world alternatives solution imaginée plutôt que d'une alternative du monde réel. Comme Demsetz l'a expliqué, toutes les alternatives du monde réel

have faults because nothing is perfect, and  if improving the status quo is the goal, ont des défauts parce que rien n'est parfait, et si l'objectif est d'améliorer le statu quo,

the appropriate comparison is between  real-world, imperfect alternatives– la comparaison appropriée se fait entre des alternatives imparfaites du monde réel, et

not imagined, perfect ones. His theory  became known as the “Nirvana fallacy.” non imaginaires, parfaites. Sa théorie est devenue connue sous le nom de « sophisme du Nirvana ».

Let's explore this idea with rent-controlled  housing. Anti-poverty groups often argue that Explorons cette idée avec le logement à loyer contrôlé. Les groupes anti-pauvreté soutiennent souvent que les

housing provided by private companies fails  to provide enough affordable housing. And so logements fournis par des entreprises privées ne fournissent pas suffisamment de logements abordables. Et donc,

these well-meaning groups lobby government to  regulate the price that can be charged for rent, ces groupes bien intentionnés font pression sur le gouvernement pour réglementer le prix qui peut être facturé pour le loyer,

which they assume will fix the problem and provide  more affordable housing for low-income people. ce qui , selon eux, résoudra le problème et fournira des logements plus abordables aux personnes à faible revenu.

One of the assumptions they're making is  that landlords, developers, and investors L'une des hypothèses qu'ils émettent est que les propriétaires, les développeurs et les investisseurs

won't respond to the new limit placed on rent. But the imposition of rent control in the real ne réagiront pas à la nouvelle limite imposée au loyer. Mais l'imposition d'un contrôle des loyers dans le

world has consistently resulted in less rental  housing being built and current rental housing monde réel a systématiquement entraîné une diminution de la construction de logements locatifs

being converted to condominiums – all of which  reduce the availability of rental housing. et la conversion des logements locatifs actuels en copropriétés, ce qui réduit la disponibilité de logements locatifs.

Ignoring real-world alternatives and  instead relying on imagined solutions Ignorer les alternatives du monde réel et s'appuyer plutôt sur des solutions imaginées

often results in outcomes that are worse  than the initial perceived problem. entraîne souvent des résultats pires que le problème perçu initialement.

Demsetz's insights into how we should compare  alternatives to the status quo is a powerful Les idées de Demsetz sur la façon dont nous devrions comparer les alternatives au statu quo sont un rappel

reminder of the importance of examining real-world  alternatives rather than imagined solutions. puissant de l'importance d'examiner des alternatives du monde réel plutôt que des solutions imaginées.

For more information on UCLA Economics,  visit EssentialUCLAEconomics.org. Pour plus d'informations sur UCLA Economics, visitez EssentialUCLAEconomics.org.

And to learn about more Essential  Scholars visit EssentialScholars.org Et pour en savoir plus sur Essential Scholars, visitez EssentialScholars.org

you vous