×

We use cookies to help make LingQ better. By visiting the site, you agree to our cookie policy.


image

•TED TALKS•, Vicki Arroyo: Let's prepare for our new climate

Vicki Arroyo: Let's prepare for our new climate

This is the skyline of my hometown, New Orleans.

It was a great place to grow up, but it's one of the most vulnerable spots in the world. Half the city is already below sea level. In 2005, the world watched as New Orleans and the Gulf Coast were devastated by Hurricane Katrina. One thousand, eight hundred and thirty-six people died. Nearly 300,000 homes were lost. These are my mother's, at the top -- although that's not her car, it was carried there by floodwaters up to the roof -- and that's my sister's, below. Fortunately, they and other family members got out in time, but they lost their homes, and as you can see, just about everything in them. Other parts of the world have been hit by storms in even more devastating ways.

In 2008, Cyclone Nargis and its aftermath killed 138,000 in Myanmar. Climate change is affecting our homes, our communities, our way of life. We should be preparing at every scale and at every opportunity. This talk is about being prepared for, and resilient to the changes that are coming and that will affect our homes and our collective home, the Earth.

The changes in these times won't affect us all equally.

There are important distributional consequences, and they're not what you always might think. In New Orleans, the elderly and female-headed households were among the most vulnerable. For those in vulnerable, low-lying nations, how do you put a dollar value on losing your country where you ancestors are buried? And where will your people go? And how will they cope in a foreign land? Will there be tensions over immigration, or conflicts over competition for limited resources? It's already fueled conflicts in Chad and Darfur. Like it or not, ready or not, this is our future. Sure, some are looking for opportunities in this new world.

That's the Russians planting a flag on the ocean bottom to stake a claim for minerals under the receding Arctic sea ice.But while there might be some short-term individual winners, our collective losses will far outweigh them. Look no further than the insurance industry as they struggle to cope with mounting catastrophic losses from extreme weather events. The military gets it.

They call climate change a threat multiplier that could harm stability and security, while governments around the world are evaluating how to respond. So what can we do?

How can we prepare and adapt? I'd like to share three sets of examples, starting with adapting to violent storms and floods. In New Orleans, the I-10 Twin Spans, with sections knocked out in Katrina, have been rebuilt 21 feet higher to allow for greater storm surge. And these raised and energy-efficient homes were developed by Brad Pitt and Make It Right for the hard-hit Ninth Ward. The devastated church my mom attends has been not only rebuilt higher, it's poised to become the first Energy Star church in the country. They're selling electricity back to the grid thanks to solar panels, reflective paint and more. Their March electricity bill was only 48 dollars. Now these are examples of New Orleans rebuilding in this way, but better if others act proactively with these changes in mind.

For example, in Galveston, here's a resilient homethat survived Hurricane Ike, when others on neighboring lots clearly did not. And around the world, satellites and warning systems are saving lives in flood-prone areas such as Bangladesh. But as important as technology and infrastructure are, perhaps the human element is even more critical.

We need better planning and systems for evacuation. We need to better understand how people make decisions in times of crisis, and why. While it's true that many who died in Katrina did not have access to transportation, others who did refused to leave as the storm approached, often because available transportation and shelters refused to allow them to take their pets. Imagine leaving behind your own pet in an evacuation or a rescue. Fortunately in 2006, Congress passed the Pet Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (Laughter) — it spells "PETS" — to change that. Second, preparing for heat and drought.

Farmers are facing challenges of drought from Asiato Africa, from Australia to Oklahoma, while heat waves linked with climate change have killed tens of thousands of people in Western Europe in 2003, and again in Russia in 2010. In Ethiopia, 70 percent, that's 7-0 percent of the population, depends on rainfall for its livelihood.

Oxfam and Swiss Re, together with Rockefeller Foundation, are helping farmers like this one build hillside terraces and find other ways to conserve water, but they're also providing for insurance when the droughts do come. The stability this provides is giving the farmers the confidence to invest. It's giving them access to affordable credit. It's allowing them to become more productive so that they can afford their own insurance over time, without assistance. It's a virtuous cycle, and one that could be replicated throughout the developing world. After a lethal 1995 heat wave turned refrigerator trucks from the popular Taste of Chicago festival into makeshift morgues, Chicago became a recognized leader, tamping down on the urban heat island impact through opening cooling centers, outreach to vulnerable neighborhoods, planting trees, creating cool white or vegetated green roofs.

This is City Hall's green roof, next to Cook County's [portion of the] roof, which is 77 degrees Fahrenheit hotter at the surface. Washington, D.C., last year, actually led the nation in new green roofs installed, and they're funding this in part thanks to a five-cent tax on plastic bags. They're splitting the cost of installing these green roofs with home and building owners. The roofs not only temper urban heat island impact but they save energy, and therefore money, the emissions that cause climate change, and they also reduce stormwater runoff. So some solutions to heat can provide for win-win-wins. Third, adapting to rising seas.

Sea level rise threatens coastal ecosystems, agriculture,even major cities. This is what one to two meters of sea level rise looks like in the Mekong Delta. That's where half of Vietnam's rice is grown. Infrastructure is going to be affected.

Airports around the world are located on the coast. It makes sense, right? There's open space, the planes can take off and land without worrying about creating noise or avoiding tall buildings. Here's just one example, San Francisco Airport, with 16 inches or more of flooding. Imagine the staggering cost of protecting this vital infrastructure with levees. But there might be some changes in store that you might not imagine. For example, planes require more runway for takeoff because the heated, less dense air, provides for less lift. San Francisco is also spending 40 million dollars to rethink and redesign its water and sewage treatment, as water outfall pipes like this one can be flooded with seawater, causing backups at the plant, harming the bacteria that are needed to treat the waste. So these outfall pipes have been retrofitted to shut seawater off from entering the system. Beyond these technical solutions, our work at the Georgetown Climate Center with communities encourages them to look at what existing legal and policy tools are availableand to consider how they can accommodate change.

For example, in land use, which areas do you want to protect, through adding a seawall, for example, alter, by raising buildings, or retreat from, to allow the migration of important natural systems, such as wetlands or beaches? Other examples to consider.

In the U.K., the Thames Barrier protects London from storm surge. The Asian Cities Climate [Change] Resilience Network is restoring vital ecosystems like forest mangroves. These are not only important ecosystems in their own right, but they also serve as a buffer to protect inland communities. New York City is incredibly vulnerable to storms, as you can see from this clever sign, and to sea level rise, and to storm surge, as you can see from the subway flooding.

But back above ground, these raised ventilation grates for the subway system show that solutions can be both functional and attractive. In fact, in New York, San Francisco and London, designers have envisioned ways to better integrate the natural and built environments with climate change in mind. I think these are inspiring examples of what's possible when we feel empowered to plan for a world that will be different.

But now, a word of caution. Adaptation's too important to be left to the experts. Why? Well, there are no experts. We're entering uncharted territory, and yetour expertise and our systems are based on the past. "Stationarity" is the notion that we can anticipate the future based on the past, and plan accordingly, and this principle governs much of our engineering, our design of critical infrastructure, city water systems, building codes, even water rights and other legal precedents. But we can simply no longer rely on established norms. We're operating outside the bounds of CO2 concentrations that the planet has seen for hundreds of thousands of years. The larger point I'm trying to make is this.

It's up to us to look at our homes and our communities, our vulnerabilities and our exposures to risk, and to find ways to not just survive, but to thrive, and it's up to us to plan and to prepare and to call on our government leaders and require them to do the same, even while they address the underlying causes of climate change. There are no quick fixes.

There are no one-size-fits-all solutions. We're all learning by doing.But the operative word is doing. Thank you. (Applause) (Applause)


Vicki Arroyo: Let's prepare for our new climate Vicki Arroyo: Bereiten wir uns auf unser neues Klima vor Vicki Arroyo: Vicky Arroyo: Ας προετοιμαστούμε για το νέο μας κλίμα Vicki Arroyo: Let's prepare for our new climate Vicki Arroyo: Preparémonos para nuestro nuevo clima Vicki Arroyo : Préparons-nous au nouveau climat Vicki Arroyo: Prepariamoci al nuovo clima ヴィッキ・アローヨ新しい気候に備えよう Vicki Arroyo: Pasiruoškime naujam klimatui Vicki Arroyo: Przygotujmy się na nowy klimat Vicki Arroyo: Preparemo-nos para o nosso novo clima Вики Арройо: Давайте готовиться к новому климату Vicki Arroyo: Yeni iklimimize hazırlanalım Вікі Арройо: Готуймося до нового клімату 维基·阿罗约:让我们为新气候做好准备 維基·阿羅約:讓我們為新氣候做好準備

This is the skyline of my hometown, New Orleans. This is the skyline of my hometown, New Orleans. Tai mano gimtojo miesto, Naujojo Orleano, panorama.

It was a great place to grow up, but it’s one of the most vulnerable spots in the world. Było to wspaniałe miejsce do dorastania, ale jest to jedno z najbardziej wrażliwych miejsc na świecie. Это было отличное место для роста, но это одно из самых уязвимых мест в мире. Half the city is already below sea level. 一半的城市已经低于海平面。 In 2005, the world watched as New Orleans and the Gulf Coast were devastated by Hurricane Katrina. En 2005, le monde entier a assisté à la dévastation de la Nouvelle-Orléans et de la côte du Golfe du Mexique par l'ouragan Katrina. 2005年,全世界目睹了新奥尔良和墨西哥湾沿岸被卡特里娜飓风摧毁。 One thousand, eight hundred and thirty-six people died. Nearly 300,000 homes were lost. These are my mother’s, at the top -- although that’s not her car, it was carried there by floodwaters up to the roof -- and that’s my sister’s, below. Das ist das Auto meiner Mutter, ganz oben - obwohl das nicht ihr Auto ist, es wurde von den Fluten bis zum Dach getragen - und das ist das meiner Schwester, unten. Estos son los de mi madre, arriba -aunque ese no es su coche, lo arrastró la riada hasta el tejado-, y ese es el de mi hermana, abajo. Ce sont celles de ma mère, en haut - bien que ce ne soit pas sa voiture, elle a été transportée là-bas par les eaux de crue jusqu'au toit - et c'est celle de ma sœur, en dessous. Tai yra mano motinos viršuje - nors tai ir nėra jos automobilis, jį potvyniai ten nunešė iki stogo, o žemiau - tai mano sesuo. 这些是我母亲的,在上面——虽然那不是她的车,它被洪水冲到了屋顶——而那是我姐姐的,在下面。 Fortunately, they and other family members got out in time, but they lost their homes, and as you can see, just about everything in them. Heureusement, ils sont sortis à temps avec d'autres membres de leur famille, mais ils ont perdu leur maison et, comme vous pouvez le voir, à peu près tout ce qu'elle contenait. Neyse ki onlar ve diğer aile üyeleri zamanında kurtuldular, ancak evlerini ve gördüğünüz gibi içindeki hemen hemen her şeyi kaybettiler. 幸运的是,他们和其他家庭成员及时逃脱,但他们失去了家园,正如你所看到的,他们几乎失去了一切。 Other parts of the world have been hit by storms in even more devastating ways. Другие части мира были поражены штормами еще более разрушительными способами. 世界其他地区也遭受了更具破坏性的风暴袭击。

In 2008, Cyclone Nargis and its aftermath killed 138,000 in Myanmar. Climate change is affecting our homes, our communities, our way of life. 气候变化正在影响我们的家园、我们的社区和我们的生活方式。 We should be preparing at every scale and at every opportunity. Wir sollten uns in jedem Umfang und bei jeder Gelegenheit vorbereiten. Мы должны готовиться во всех масштабах и при каждой возможности. Her ölçekte ve her fırsatta hazırlıklı olmalıyız. 我们应该在每一个规模和每一个机会上做好准备。 This talk is about being prepared for, and resilient to the changes that are coming and that will affect our homes and our collective home, the Earth. Это разговоры о том, чтобы быть готовыми к тому, чтобы приближаться к ним, и которые будут влиять на наши дома и наш коллективный дом, на Землю. 这次演讲是关于为即将到来的变化做好准备并适应这些变化,这些变化将影响我们的家园和我们的集体家园地球。

The changes in these times won’t affect us all equally. Изменения в эти времена не повлияют на всех нас одинаково. 这些时代的变化不会平等地影响我们所有人。

There are important distributional consequences, and they’re not what you always might think. Es gibt wichtige Verteilungskonsequenzen, und sie sind nicht so, wie man immer denkt. Il y a des conséquences distributives importantes, et ce n'est pas ce que vous pourriez toujours penser. Önemli dağılımsal sonuçlar vardır ve bunlar her zaman düşündüğünüz gibi değildir. 这会产生重要的分配后果,但它们并不像你想象的那样。 In New Orleans, the elderly and female-headed households were among the most vulnerable. In New Orleans gehörten ältere Menschen und Haushalte mit weiblichem Haushaltsvorstand zu den am stärksten gefährdeten Gruppen. À la Nouvelle-Orléans, les personnes âgées et les ménages dirigés par une femme étaient parmi les plus vulnérables. В Новом Орлеане пожилые и возглавляемые женщинами домохозяйства были одними из наиболее уязвимых. New Orleans'ta, yaşlılar ve reisi kadın olan haneler en savunmasız olanlar arasındaydı. 在新奥尔良,老年人和女户主家庭是最脆弱的群体。 For those in vulnerable, low-lying nations, how do you put a dollar value on losing your country where you ancestors are buried? Pour ceux qui vivent dans des pays vulnérables et de faible altitude, comment évaluer la perte du pays où sont enterrés leurs ancêtres ? 脆弱な低平地の国の人々にとって、先祖が埋葬されている国を失うことに、どのような価値を見いだせばいいのでしょうか。 Для тех, кто находится в уязвимых, низовых странах, как вы вкладываете долларовую стоимость в то, что потеряете свою страну, где похоронены предки? Savunmasız, alçakta kalan ülkelerdekiler için, atalarınızın gömülü olduğu ülkenizi kaybetmeye nasıl bir dolar değeri biçersiniz? 对于那些生活在脆弱、低洼国家的人来说,失去埋葬祖先的国家是如何用美元来衡量的呢? And where will your people go? И куда пойдут ваши люди? And how will they cope in a foreign land? ¿Y cómo se las arreglarán en un país extranjero? И как они справятся в чужой стране? Peki yabancı bir ülkede nasıl başa çıkacaklar? 他们又将如何在异国他乡应对呢? Will there be tensions over immigration, or conflicts over competition for limited resources? Wird es Spannungen wegen der Einwanderung oder Konflikte wegen des Wettbewerbs um begrenzte Ressourcen geben? Göç konusunda gerginlikler ya da sınırlı kaynaklar için rekabet konusunda çatışmalar olacak mı? 是否会因移民问题而出现紧张局势,或因争夺有限资源而发生冲突? It’s already fueled conflicts in Chad and Darfur. Sie haben bereits die Konflikte im Tschad und in Darfur angeheizt. Şimdiden Çad ve Darfur'daki çatışmaları körükledi. 它已经加剧了乍得和达尔富尔的冲突。 它已经加剧了乍得和达尔富尔的冲突。 Like it or not, ready or not, this is our future. Qu'on le veuille ou non, qu'on soit prêt ou non, c'est notre avenir. Sure, some are looking for opportunities in this new world. 当然,有些人正在这个新世界中寻找机会。

That’s the Russians planting a flag on the ocean bottom to stake a claim for minerals under the receding Arctic sea ice.But while there might be some short-term individual winners, our collective losses will far outweigh them. That's the Russians planting a flag on the ocean bottom to stake a claim for minerals under the receding Arctic sea ice.But while there might be some short-term individual winners, our collective losses will far outweigh them. Son los rusos plantando una bandera en el fondo del océano para reclamar minerales bajo el hielo ártico, pero aunque a corto plazo haya algunos ganadores individuales, nuestras pérdidas colectivas los superarán con creces. Ce sont les Russes qui plantent un drapeau au fond de l'océan pour revendiquer des minerais sous la banquise arctique en recul. Štai rusai vandenyno dugne pasodino vėliavą, norėdami pareikšti ieškinį dėl mineralų po tolstančiu Arkties jūros ledu. Tačiau nors gali būti keletas trumpalaikių pavienių nugalėtojų, mūsų kolektyviniai nuostoliai juos gerokai atsvers. Это россияне, которые устанавливают флаг на дне океана, чтобы поставить заявку на полезные ископаемые под отступающим арктическим морским льдом. Но в то время как могут быть некоторые краткосрочные индивидуальные победители, наши коллективные потери будут намного превосходить их. Bu, Rusların Kuzey Kutbu'ndaki deniz buzunun altındaki mineraller üzerinde hak iddia etmek için okyanus dibine bayrak dikmesi... Ancak kısa vadede bazı bireysel kazananlar olsa da, kolektif kayıplarımız bunlardan çok daha ağır basacak. Look no further than the insurance industry as they struggle to cope with mounting catastrophic losses from extreme weather events. Ne cherchez pas plus loin que le secteur de l'assurance alors qu'il lutte pour faire face à des pertes catastrophiques croissantes causées par des événements météorologiques extrêmes. Не оглядывайся дальше, чем на страховую индустрию, которая борется с растущими катастрофическими потерями от экстремальных погодных явлений Aşırı hava olaylarından kaynaklanan ve giderek artan felaket kayıplarıyla başa çıkmaya çalışan sigorta sektöründen başka bir yere bakmaya gerek yok. 保险业就是最好的例子,他们正在努力应对极端天气事件造成的不断增加的灾难性损失。 The military gets it. Военные получают это. Ordu bunu anlıyor. 军方明白了。

They call climate change a threat multiplier that could harm stability and security, while governments around the world are evaluating how to respond. Ils qualifient le changement climatique de multiplicateur de menaces qui pourrait nuire à la stabilité et à la sécurité, tandis que les gouvernements du monde entier évaluent la manière d'y répondre. 世界中の政府が対応方法を検討している一方で、彼らは気候変動を安定性と安全を損なう可能性のある脅威乗数と呼んでいます。 Они называют изменение климата множителем угрозы, который может нанести ущерб стабильности и безопасности, в то время как правительства всего мира оценивают, как реагировать. İklim değişikliğini istikrar ve güvenliğe zarar verebilecek bir tehdit çarpanı olarak nitelendirirken, dünyanın dört bir yanındaki hükümetler buna nasıl karşılık vereceklerini değerlendiriyor. So what can we do? Так что мы можем сделать?

How can we prepare and adapt? Как мы можем подготовиться и адаптироваться? I’d like to share three sets of examples, starting with adapting to violent storms and floods. Я хотел бы поделиться тремя наборами примеров, начиная с адаптации к сильным штормам и наводнениям. Şiddetli fırtınalara ve sellere uyum sağlamakla başlayarak üç grup örnek paylaşmak istiyorum. In New Orleans, the I-10 Twin Spans, with sections knocked out in Katrina, have been rebuilt 21 feet higher to allow for greater storm surge. À la Nouvelle-Orléans, les travées jumelles de l'autoroute I-10, dont certaines sections ont été détruites par Katrina, ont été reconstruites 21 pieds plus haut afin de permettre une plus grande amplitude des ondes de tempête. В Новом Орлеане I-10 Twin Spans с участками, выбитыми в Катрине, были перестроены на 21 фут выше, чтобы обеспечить большую штормовую волну. New Orleans'ta, Katrina'da bazı bölümleri yıkılan I-10 Twin Spans, daha fazla fırtına dalgalanmasına izin vermek için 21 feet daha yüksekte yeniden inşa edildi. 在新奥尔良,I-10 Twin Spans 的部分设施在卡特里娜飓风中被毁,现已重建,高度高 21 英尺,以应对更大的风暴潮。 And these raised and energy-efficient homes were developed by Brad Pitt and Make It Right for the hard-hit Ninth Ward. Ces maisons surélevées et économes en énergie ont été conçues par Brad Pitt et Make It Right pour le quartier sinistré de Ninth Ward. そして、これらの隆起したエネルギー効率の高い住宅は、ブラッド・ピットとメイク・イット・ライトによって、大打撃を受けた第 9 区のために開発されました。 Šiuos iškeltus ir energiją taupančius namus sukūrė Bradas Pittas ir „Padaryk tai teisingai“ sunkiai nukentėjusiai devintajai globotinei. И эти поднятые и энергоэффективные дома были разработаны Брэдом Питтом и «Сделай это правильно» для сильно пострадавшего Девятого Уорда. Ve bu yükseltilmiş ve enerji tasarruflu evler Brad Pitt ve Make It Right tarafından zor durumdaki Dokuzuncu Bölge için geliştirildi. 这些高架节能住宅是由布拉德·皮特 (Brad Pitt) 和 Make It Right 为受灾严重的第九区开发的。 The devastated church my mom attends has been not only rebuilt higher, it’s poised to become the first Energy Star church in the country. L'église dévastée que fréquente ma mère a non seulement été reconstruite plus haut, elle est en passe de devenir la première église Energy Star du pays. Разрушенная церковь, которую посещает моя мама, была не только восстановлена выше, но и стала первой церковью Звезды Энергии в стране. Annemin gittiği harap kilise sadece daha yüksek bir şekilde yeniden inşa edilmekle kalmadı, ülkedeki ilk Enerji Yıldızı kilisesi olmaya da hazırlanıyor. 我妈妈所在的那座被毁的教堂不仅被重建得更高,而且有望成为该国第一座能源之星教堂。 They’re selling electricity back to the grid thanks to solar panels, reflective paint and more. Ils vendent de l'électricité au réseau grâce à des panneaux solaires, à de la peinture réfléchissante et plus encore. Они продают электроэнергию обратно в сеть благодаря солнечным батареям, отражающей краске и многому другому. Güneş panelleri, yansıtıcı boya ve daha fazlası sayesinde şebekeye geri elektrik satıyorlar. 他们通过太阳能电池板、反光涂料等将电力卖回电网。 Their March electricity bill was only 48 dollars. Now these are examples of New Orleans rebuilding in this way, but better if others act proactively with these changes in mind. Теперь это примеры Нового Орлеана, перестраивающие таким образом, но лучше, если другие действуют активно с учетом этих изменений. Şimdi bunlar New Orleans'ın bu şekilde yeniden inşa edilmesinin örnekleri, ancak diğerlerinin bu değişiklikleri akılda tutarak proaktif bir şekilde hareket etmesi daha iyi. 现在,这些都是新奥尔良以这种方式重建的例子,但如果其他人考虑到这些变化积极采取行动,那就更好了。

For example, in Galveston, here’s a resilient homethat survived Hurricane Ike, when others on neighboring lots clearly did not. Por ejemplo, en Galveston hay una casa resistente que sobrevivió al huracán Ike, cuando otras en parcelas vecinas claramente no lo hicieron. Par exemple, à Galveston, voici une maison résistante qui a survécu à l'ouragan Ike, alors que d'autres, situées sur des terrains voisins, n'ont manifestement pas survécu. Например, в Галвестоне, вот устойчивый дом, переживший ураган Айк, когда другие на соседних участках явно этого не сделали. Örneğin, Galveston'da Ike Kasırgası'ndan sağ kurtulan dayanıklı bir ev, komşu arsalardaki diğer evlerin ise sağ kurtulamadığı açık. 例如,在加尔维斯顿,这里有一个有弹性的房屋在艾克飓风中幸存下来,而邻近地段的其他房屋显然没有。 And around the world, satellites and warning systems are saving lives in flood-prone areas such as Bangladesh. Во всем мире спутники и системы предупреждения спасают жизни в подверженных наводнениям районах, таких как Бангладеш. Ve dünyanın dört bir yanında uydular ve uyarı sistemleri Bangladeş gibi sele eğilimli bölgelerde hayat kurtarıyor. But as important as technology and infrastructure are, perhaps the human element is even more critical. Но как бы ни были важны технологии и инфраструктура, возможно, человеческий фактор еще более важен. Ancak teknoloji ve altyapı ne kadar önemliyse, belki de insan unsuru daha da kritiktir. 但与技术和基础设施一样重要的是,人的因素也许更为重要。

We need better planning and systems for evacuation. We need to better understand how people make decisions in times of crisis, and why. While it’s true that many who died in Katrina did not have access to transportation, others who did refused to leave as the storm approached, often because available transportation and shelters refused to allow them to take their pets. S'il est vrai que de nombreuses personnes décédées lors de Katrina n'avaient pas accès à un moyen de transport, d'autres ont refusé de partir à l'approche de la tempête, souvent parce que les moyens de transport et les abris disponibles ne leur permettaient pas d'emmener leurs animaux de compagnie. Хотя это правда, что многие, кто умер в Катрине, не имели доступа к транспорту, другие, которые отказались уйти, когда приближался шторм, часто потому, что имеющиеся перевозки и приюты не разрешали им принимать своих питомцев. Katrina'da ölenlerin birçoğunun ulaşıma erişimi olmadığı doğru olsa da, ulaşımı olan diğerleri de fırtına yaklaşırken, genellikle mevcut ulaşım araçları ve barınaklar evcil hayvanlarını almalarına izin vermediği için ayrılmayı reddetti. Imagine leaving behind your own pet in an evacuation or a rescue. Įsivaizduokite, kad paliksite savo augintinį evakuacijoje ar gelbėjime. Представьте, что вы оставите своего собственного питомца в эвакуации или спасении. Fortunately in 2006, Congress passed the Pet Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (Laughter) — it spells "PETS" — to change that. Heureusement, en 2006, le Congrès a adopté la loi sur les normes d'évacuation et de transport des animaux de compagnie (Rires) - qui s'écrit "PETS" - pour changer cela. Laimei, 2006 m. Kongresas priėmė naminių gyvūnėlių evakavimo ir gabenimo standartų įstatymą (juokas) - jame rašoma „PETS“. Second, preparing for heat and drought. Во-вторых, готовимся к жаре и засухе.

Farmers are facing challenges of drought from Asiato Africa, from Australia to Oklahoma, while heat waves linked with climate change have killed tens of thousands of people in Western Europe in 2003, and again in Russia in 2010. Фермеры сталкиваются с проблемами засухи в азиатской Азии, от Австралии до Оклахомы, в то время как волны жары, связанные с изменением климата, убили десятки тысяч людей в Западной Европе в 2003 году и снова в России в 2010 году. Çiftçiler Asya'dan Afrika'ya, Avustralya'dan Oklahoma'ya kuraklık sorunuyla karşı karşıya kalırken, iklim değişikliğiyle bağlantılı sıcak hava dalgaları 2003 yılında Batı Avrupa'da ve 2010 yılında Rusya'da on binlerce insanın ölümüne neden olmuştur. In Ethiopia, 70 percent, that’s 7-0 percent of the population, depends on rainfall for its livelihood. В Эфиопии 70 процентов, то есть 7-0 процентов населения, зависят от количества осадков в качестве источника средств к существованию. Etiyopya'da nüfusun yüzde 70'i, yani yüzde 7-0'ı geçimini yağışlara bağlı olarak sağlıyor.

Oxfam and Swiss Re, together with Rockefeller Foundation, are helping farmers like this one build hillside terraces and find other ways to conserve water, but they’re also providing for insurance when the droughts do come. Oxfam et Swiss Re, en collaboration avec la Fondation Rockefeller, aident les agriculteurs comme celui-ci à construire des terrasses à flanc de colline et à trouver d'autres moyens de conserver l'eau, mais ils fournissent également une assurance en cas de sécheresse. Oxfam и Swiss Re вместе с Фондом Рокфеллера помогают фермерам, подобным этому, строить террасы на склоне холма и искать другие способы сохранения воды, но они также обеспечивают страхование, когда происходят засухи. Oxfam ve Swiss Re, Rockefeller Vakfı ile birlikte, bu çiftçi gibi çiftçilerin yamaçlarda teraslar inşa etmelerine ve suyu korumanın başka yollarını bulmalarına yardımcı oluyor, ancak aynı zamanda kuraklık geldiğinde sigorta da sağlıyorlar. The stability this provides is giving the farmers the confidence to invest. Die damit verbundene Stabilität gibt den Landwirten das nötige Vertrauen, um zu investieren. Стабильность, которую это обеспечивает, дает фермерам уверенность в инвестировании Bunun sağladığı istikrar, çiftçilere yatırım yapma konusunda güven veriyor. It’s giving them access to affordable credit. It’s allowing them to become more productive so that they can afford their own insurance over time, without assistance. Это позволяет им стать более продуктивными, чтобы они могли позволить себе собственную страховку со временем, без посторонней помощи. Bu da onların daha üretken olmalarını ve böylece zaman içinde yardım almadan kendi sigortalarını karşılayabilmelerini sağlıyor. It’s a virtuous cycle, and one that could be replicated throughout the developing world. Это действенный цикл, который можно повторить во всем развивающемся мире. Bu erdemli bir döngüdür ve gelişmekte olan dünyanın her yerinde tekrarlanabilir. 这是一种良性循环,可以在整个发展中国家复制。 After a lethal 1995 heat wave turned refrigerator trucks from the popular Taste of Chicago festival into makeshift morgues, Chicago became a recognized leader, tamping down on the urban heat island impact through opening cooling centers, outreach to vulnerable neighborhoods, planting trees, creating cool white or vegetated green roofs. Après une vague de chaleur meurtrière en 1995 qui a transformé les camions frigorifiques du populaire festival Taste of Chicago en morgues de fortune, Chicago est devenue un leader reconnu, en réduisant l'impact de l'îlot de chaleur urbain par l'ouverture de centres de rafraîchissement, la sensibilisation des quartiers vulnérables, la plantation d'arbres, la création de toits blancs froids ou de toits verts végétalisés. После того, как смертельная волна в 1995 году превратила рефрижераторы из популярного фестиваля «Вкус Чикаго» в временные морги, Чикаго стал признанным лидером, ударившись о удары по острову с использованием тепла, открыв охлаждающие центры, охватив уязвимые кварталы, посадив деревья, создав прохладную белую или растительные зеленые крыши. 1995 yılındaki ölümcül bir sıcak dalgasının popüler Taste of Chicago festivalindeki buzdolabı kamyonlarını derme çatma morglara dönüştürmesinin ardından Chicago, soğutma merkezleri açarak, hassas mahallelere ulaşarak, ağaç dikerek, serin beyaz veya bitkilendirilmiş yeşil çatılar oluşturarak kentsel ısı adası etkisini azaltan tanınmış bir lider haline geldi. 1995 年致命的热浪将流行的芝加哥美食节上的冷藏车变成了临时停尸房,之后芝加哥成为公认的领导者,通过开设冷却中心、向脆弱社区提供服务、植树造林、创造冷白色来减轻城市热岛效应或绿化屋顶。

This is City Hall’s green roof, next to Cook County’s [portion of the] roof, which is 77 degrees Fahrenheit hotter at the surface. Это зеленая крыша мэрии, рядом с [частью] крыши округа Кук, которая на поверхности на 77 градусов выше. Washington, D.C., last year, actually led the nation in new green roofs installed, and they’re funding this in part thanks to a five-cent tax on plastic bags. L'année dernière, Washington, D.C., a été la première ville du pays à installer de nouveaux toits verts, en partie grâce à une taxe de cinq centimes sur les sacs en plastique. В прошлом году Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, фактически привел нацию к установке новых зеленых крыш, и они финансируют это частично благодаря налогу в пять центов на пластиковые пакеты. 去年,华盛顿特区在安装新的绿色屋顶方面实际上领先于全国,他们的资助部分归功于对塑料袋征收五美分的税。 They’re splitting the cost of installing these green roofs with home and building owners. Ils partagent le coût de l'installation de ces toits verts avec les propriétaires de maisons et de bâtiments. Они расщепляют стоимость установки этих зеленых крыш дома и владельцами зданий. Bu yeşil çatıların kurulum maliyetini ev ve bina sahipleriyle paylaşıyorlar. 他们与家庭和建筑业主分摊安装这些绿色屋顶的成本。 The roofs not only temper urban heat island impact but they save energy, and therefore money, the emissions that cause climate change, and they also reduce stormwater runoff. The roofs not only temper urban heat island impact but they save energy, and therefore money, the emissions that cause climate change, and they also reduce stormwater runoff. Non seulement les toits atténuent l'impact de l'îlot de chaleur urbain, mais ils permettent d'économiser de l'énergie, et donc de l'argent, de réduire les émissions à l'origine du changement climatique et de diminuer le ruissellement des eaux de pluie. Крыши не только смягчают влияние городского теплового острова, но и экономят энергию, а следовательно, и деньги, выбросы, которые вызывают изменение климата, а также уменьшают ливневой сток. Çatılar sadece kentsel ısı adası etkisini azaltmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda enerji ve dolayısıyla para tasarrufu sağlar, iklim değişikliğine neden olan emisyonları azaltır ve yağmur suyu akışını da azaltır. 屋顶不仅可以缓解城市热岛效应,还可以节省能源,从而节省资金,减少导致气候变化的排放,还可以减少雨水径流。 屋頂不僅可以緩和城市熱島效應,還可以節省能源,從而節省資金,減少導致氣候變化的排放,還可以減少雨水徑流。 So some solutions to heat can provide for win-win-wins. Certaines solutions au problème de la chaleur peuvent donc s'avérer bénéfiques pour tous. Таким образом, некоторые решения для отопления могут обеспечить беспроигрышный вариант. 因此,一些热解决方案可以提供双赢。 因此,一些熱量解決方案可以提供雙贏。 Third, adapting to rising seas. В-третьих, адаптация к растущим морям. 第三,適應海平面上升。

Sea level rise threatens coastal ecosystems, agriculture,even major cities. Повышение уровня моря угрожает прибрежным экосистемам, сельскому хозяйству, даже крупным городам. 海平面上升威脅著沿海生態系統、農業,甚至大城市。 This is what one to two meters of sea level rise looks like in the Mekong Delta. Voici à quoi ressemble une élévation du niveau de la mer de un à deux mètres dans le delta du Mékong. Так выглядит повышение уровня моря на один-два метра в дельте реки Меконг. 這就是湄公河三角洲海平面上升一到兩米的樣子。 That’s where half of Vietnam’s rice is grown. Vietnam'ın pirincinin yarısı burada yetiştiriliyor. 那裡種植了越南一半的水稻。 Infrastructure is going to be affected. Инфраструктура будет затронута. Altyapı etkilenecek.

Airports around the world are located on the coast. 世界各地的機場都位於沿海地區。 It makes sense, right? Tai prasminga, tiesa? There’s open space, the planes can take off and land without worrying about creating noise or avoiding tall buildings. Il y a des espaces ouverts, les avions peuvent décoller et atterrir sans se soucier de faire du bruit ou d'éviter les grands bâtiments. Есть открытое пространство, самолеты могут взлетать и приземляться, не беспокоясь о создании шума или избегая высоких зданий. Açık alan var, uçaklar gürültü yaratma veya yüksek binalardan kaçma endişesi olmadan inip kalkabiliyor. 有開闊的空間,飛機可以起飛和降落,不用擔心會產生噪音或避開高樓。 Here’s just one example, San Francisco Airport, with 16 inches or more of flooding. Voici un exemple, celui de l'aéroport de San Francisco, qui a connu des inondations d'au moins 15 cm. Вот только один пример, аэропорт Сан-Франциско, с затоплением 16 или более дюймов. İşte sadece bir örnek, San Francisco Havaalanı, 16 inç veya daha fazla su baskını ile. 這只是一個例子,舊金山機場有 16 英寸或更多的洪水。 Imagine the staggering cost of protecting this vital infrastructure with levees. Imaginez le coût faramineux de la protection de cette infrastructure vitale par des digues. Представьте себе ошеломляющую стоимость защиты этой жизненно важной инфраструктуры с помощью дамб. Bu hayati altyapıyı setlerle korumanın şaşırtıcı maliyetini bir düşünün. 想像一下用堤壩保護這一重要基礎設施的驚人成本。 But there might be some changes in store that you might not imagine. Но могут быть некоторые изменения в магазине, которые вы не можете себе представить. Ancak mağazada hayal edemeyeceğiniz bazı değişiklikler olabilir. 但是商店中可能會有一些您可能無法想像的變化。 For example, planes require more runway for takeoff because the heated, less dense air, provides for less lift. Par exemple, les avions ont besoin de plus de piste pour décoller car l'air chauffé, moins dense, offre moins de portance. Например, самолетам требуется больше взлетно-посадочной полосы для взлета, поскольку нагретый, менее плотный воздух обеспечивает меньший подъем. Örneğin, uçaklar kalkış için daha fazla piste ihtiyaç duyar çünkü ısınan ve daha az yoğun olan hava daha az kaldırma kuvveti sağlar. 例如,飛機起飛需要更多的跑道,因為加熱的、密度較低的空氣提供的升力較小。 San Francisco is also spending 40 million dollars to rethink and redesign its water and sewage treatment, as water outfall pipes like this one can be flooded with seawater, causing backups at the plant, harming the bacteria that are needed to treat the waste. San Francisco dépense également 40 millions de dollars pour repenser et redéfinir son système de traitement de l'eau et des eaux usées, car les tuyaux d'évacuation d'eau comme celui-ci peuvent être inondés par l'eau de mer, ce qui provoque des refoulements dans l'usine et nuit aux bactéries nécessaires au traitement des déchets. Сан-Франциско также тратит 40 миллионов долларов, чтобы переосмыслить и переделать свою воду и очистку сточных вод, так как водопроводные трубы, подобные этой, могут быть затоплены морской водой, вызывая резервное копирование на заводе, нанося вред бактериям, которые необходимы для обработки отходов. 舊金山還斥資 4000 萬美元重新考慮和重新設計其水和污水處理系統,因為像這樣的排水管可能會被海水淹沒,導致工廠積水,從而損害處理廢物所需的細菌。 So these outfall pipes have been retrofitted to shut seawater off from entering the system. Ces tuyaux de rejet ont donc été modernisés pour empêcher l'eau de mer de pénétrer dans le système. Таким образом, эти наружные трубы были модернизированы, чтобы закрыть морскую воду от входа в систему. 因此,這些排污管已經過改造,以阻止海水進入系統。 Beyond these technical solutions, our work at the Georgetown Climate Center with communities encourages them to look at what existing legal and policy tools are availableand to consider how they can accommodate change. Помимо этих технических решений, наша работа в климатическом центре Джорджтауна с сообществами побуждает их взглянуть на имеющиеся правовые и политические инструменты и подумать, как они могут приспособиться к изменениям. 除了這些技術解決方案之外,我們在喬治敦氣候中心與社區的合作鼓勵他們研究現有的法律和政策工具,並考慮他們如何適應變化。

For example, in land use, which areas do you want to protect, through adding a seawall, for example, alter, by raising buildings, or retreat from, to allow the migration of important natural systems, such as wetlands or beaches? Zum Beispiel bei der Landnutzung, welche Gebiete möchten Sie schützen, indem Sie beispielsweise einen Damm hinzufügen, verändern, Gebäude errichten oder sich zurückziehen, um die Migration wichtiger natürlicher Systeme wie Feuchtgebiete oder Strände zu ermöglichen? Par exemple, en ce qui concerne l'utilisation des sols, quelles sont les zones que vous souhaitez protéger, en ajoutant une digue, par exemple, modifier, en élevant des bâtiments, ou dont vous voulez vous éloigner, pour permettre la migration de systèmes naturels importants, tels que les zones humides ou les plages ? Например, в землепользовании, какие области вы хотите защитить, добавив морскую дамбу, например, изменив, подняв здания или отступив, чтобы обеспечить миграцию важных природных систем, таких как водно-болотные угодья или пляжи? Örneğin, arazi kullanımında, örneğin bir deniz duvarı ekleyerek hangi alanları korumak, binaları yükselterek değiştirmek veya sulak alanlar veya plajlar gibi önemli doğal sistemlerin geçişine izin vermek için geri çekilmek istiyorsunuz? 例如,在土地利用方面,您希望保護哪些區域,例如通過增加海堤,改變,通過加高建築物或撤退,以允許重要的自然系統遷移,例如濕地或海灘? Other examples to consider. Weitere zu berücksichtigende Beispiele. Другие примеры для рассмотрения.

In the U.K., the Thames Barrier protects London from storm surge. In Großbritannien schützt die Thames Barrier London vor Sturmfluten. В Великобритании Темзский барьер защищает Лондон от штормовых нагонов. Birleşik Krallık'ta Thames Bariyeri Londra'yı fırtına dalgalarına karşı korumaktadır. 在英國,泰晤士河屏障保護倫敦免受風暴潮的影響。 The Asian Cities Climate [Change] Resilience Network is restoring vital ecosystems like forest mangroves. Das Asian Cities Climate [Change] Resilience Network stellt lebenswichtige Ökosysteme wie Waldmangroven wieder her. Сеть устойчивости к изменению климата в азиатских городах восстанавливает жизненно важные экосистемы, такие как лесные мангровые леса. Asya Şehirleri İklim [Değişikliği] Dayanıklılık Ağı, orman mangrovları gibi hayati önem taşıyan ekosistemleri restore ediyor. 亞洲城市氣候 [變化] 恢復力網絡正在恢復重要的生態系統,例如森林紅樹林。 These are not only important ecosystems in their own right, but they also serve as a buffer to protect inland communities. Это не только важные экосистемы сами по себе, но они также служат буфером для защиты внутренних сообществ. New York City is incredibly vulnerable to storms, as you can see from this clever sign, and to sea level rise, and to storm surge, as you can see from the subway flooding. New York City ist unglaublich anfällig für Stürme, wie Sie an diesem cleveren Schild sehen können, und für den Anstieg des Meeresspiegels und für Sturmfluten, wie Sie an der U-Bahn-Überschwemmung sehen können. La ville de New York est incroyablement vulnérable aux tempêtes, comme le montre ce panneau astucieux, à l'élévation du niveau de la mer et aux ondes de tempête, comme le montrent les inondations dans le métro. Нью-Йорк невероятно уязвим для штормов, как видно из этого умного знака, а также для повышения уровня моря и штормового нагона, как вы можете видеть из наводнения в метро. 紐約市非常容易受到風暴的影響,正如您從這個巧妙的標誌中看到的那樣,以及海平面上升和風暴潮,正如您從地鐵洪水中看到的那樣。

But back above ground, these raised ventilation grates for the subway system show that solutions can be both functional and attractive. Aber auch oberirdisch zeigen diese erhöhten Lüftungsroste für die U-Bahn, dass Lösungen sowohl funktional als auch attraktiv sein können. Mais de retour au-dessus du sol, ces grilles de ventilation surélevées pour le métro montrent que les solutions peuvent être à la fois fonctionnelles et attractives. Но назад над землей эти поднятые вентиляционные решетки для системы метро показывают, что решения могут быть как функциональными, так и привлекательными. Ancak yer üstünde, metro sistemi için yapılan bu yükseltilmiş havalandırma ızgaraları, çözümlerin hem işlevsel hem de çekici olabileceğini gösteriyor. 但在地面之上,這些用於地鐵系統的凸起通風格柵表明解決方案既實用又具有吸引力。 In fact, in New York, San Francisco and London, designers have envisioned ways to better integrate the natural and built environments with climate change in mind. En fait, à New York, San Francisco et Londres, des concepteurs ont imaginé des moyens de mieux intégrer les environnements naturels et bâtis en tenant compte du changement climatique. Фактически, в Нью-Йорке, Сан-Франциско и Лондоне дизайнеры придумали способы лучшей интеграции естественной и искусственной среды с учетом изменения климата. 事實上,在紐約、舊金山和倫敦,設計師們已經設想了更好地將自然環境和建築環境與氣候變化相結合的方法。 I think these are inspiring examples of what’s possible when we feel empowered to plan for a world that will be different. Je pense qu'il s'agit là d'exemples inspirants de ce qui est possible lorsque nous nous sentons habilités à planifier un monde qui sera différent. Я думаю, что это вдохновляющие примеры того, что возможно, когда мы чувствуем себя способными планировать мир, который будет другим. Bence bunlar, farklı olacak bir dünya için plan yapma gücüne sahip olduğumuzda nelerin mümkün olabileceğine dair ilham verici örnekler.

But now, a word of caution. Ama şimdi, bir uyarı kelimesi. 但是現在,請注意。 Adaptation’s too important to be left to the experts. Anpassung ist zu wichtig, um sie den Experten zu überlassen. L'adaptation est trop importante pour être laissée aux experts. Adaptasyon uzmanlara bırakılamayacak kadar önemlidir. 適應太重要了,不能留給專家。 Why? Well, there are no experts. We’re entering uncharted territory, and yetour expertise and our systems are based on the past. Nous entrons dans un territoire inexploré, et pourtant notre expertise et nos systèmes sont basés sur le passé. Мы входим на неизведанную территорию, и все же наш опыт и наши системы основаны на прошлом. 我們正在進入未知領域,但我們的專業知識和系統都建立在過去的基礎上。 "Stationarity" is the notion that we can anticipate the future based on the past, and plan accordingly, and this principle governs much of our engineering, our design of critical infrastructure, city water systems, building codes, even water rights and other legal precedents. La "stationnarité" est la notion selon laquelle nous pouvons anticiper l'avenir sur la base du passé et planifier en conséquence. Ce principe régit une grande partie de notre ingénierie, de notre conception des infrastructures essentielles, des systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau des villes, des codes de construction, voire des droits sur l'eau et d'autres précédents juridiques. «Стационарность» - это представление о том, что мы можем предвидеть будущее, основываясь на прошлом, и планировать его соответствующим образом, и этот принцип регулирует большую часть нашего проектирования, проектирования критической инфраструктуры, городских систем водоснабжения, строительных норм и правил, даже прав на воду и других правовых прецедентов. , "Durağanlık", geçmişe dayanarak geleceği tahmin edebileceğimiz ve buna göre plan yapabileceğimiz fikridir ve bu ilke mühendisliğimizin çoğunu, kritik altyapı tasarımımızı, şehir su sistemlerini, bina yönetmeliklerini, hatta su haklarını ve diğer yasal emsalleri yönetir. “平穩性”是指我們可以根據過去預測未來並據此進行規劃的概念,這一原則支配著我們的大部分工程、關鍵基礎設施的設計、城市供水系統、建築規範,甚至水權和其他法律先例. But we can simply no longer rely on established norms. Но мы просто больше не можем полагаться на установленные нормы. 但我們不能再依賴既定的規範了。 We’re operating outside the bounds of CO2 concentrations that the planet has seen for hundreds of thousands of years. Nous sommes en dehors des limites des concentrations de CO2 que la planète a connues pendant des centaines de milliers d'années. Мы работаем за пределами концентраций CO2, которые планета наблюдала сотни тысяч лет. Gezegenin yüz binlerce yıldır gördüğü CO2 konsantrasyonlarının sınırları dışında hareket ediyoruz. 我们的运营超出了地球数十万年来的二氧化碳浓度范围。 我們的運營超出了地球已經存在數十萬年的二氧化碳濃度範圍。 The larger point I’m trying to make is this. Большая мысль, которую я пытаюсь сделать, заключается в следующем. Anlatmak istediğim daha büyük nokta şu. 我想表达的更重要的一点是这一点。

It’s up to us to look at our homes and our communities, our vulnerabilities and our exposures to risk, and to find ways to not just survive, but to thrive, and it’s up to us to plan and to prepare and to call on our government leaders and require them to do the same, even while they address the underlying causes of climate change. C'est à nous de regarder nos maisons et nos communautés, nos vulnérabilités et nos expositions aux risques, et de trouver des moyens non seulement de survivre, mais de prospérer, et c'est à nous de planifier et de préparer et d'appeler notre gouvernement. dirigeants et leur demandent de faire de même, même s’ils s’attaquent aux causes sous-jacentes du changement climatique. Это зависит от нас, чтобы посмотреть на наши дома и наши сообщества, наши уязвимости и подверженность риску, и найти способы не просто выжить, но и процветать, и мы должны планировать, готовить и призывать наше правительство лидеры и требуют от них того же самого, даже если они устраняют первопричины изменения климата. Evlerimize ve toplumlarımıza, kırılganlıklarımıza ve riske maruz kalma durumlarımıza bakmak ve sadece hayatta kalmanın değil, gelişmenin yollarını bulmak bizim elimizde ve plan yapmak, hazırlanmak ve hükümet liderlerimize çağrıda bulunmak ve iklim değişikliğinin altında yatan nedenleri ele alırken bile aynı şeyi yapmalarını istemek bizim elimizde. 我们有责任审视我们的家园和社区、我们的脆弱性和我们面临的风险,并找到不仅生存而且繁荣的方法,我们有责任制定计划、做好准备并呼吁我们的政府领导人并要求他们也这样做,即使他们解决了气候变化的根本原因。 我們有責任審視我們的家園和我們的社區、我們的脆弱性和我們面臨的風險,並找到不僅生存而且繁榮的方法,我們有責任計劃和準備並呼籲我們的政府領導人並要求他們這樣做,即使他們正在解決氣候變化的根本原因。 There are no quick fixes. Il n'y a pas de solution miracle. Там нет быстрых исправлений. 没有快速解决办法。

There are no one-size-fits-all solutions. Не существует универсальных решений. 不存在一刀切的解决方案。 沒有放之四海而皆準的解決方案。 We’re all learning by doing.But the operative word is doing. Wir alle lernen durch Handeln, wobei das entscheidende Wort "Handeln" ist. Мы все учимся на практике. Но оперативное слово делает. 我们都是边做边学。但最重要的词是“做”。 我們都是邊做邊學。但最重要的詞是做。 Thank you. (Applause) (Applause)