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TED Talks Worth Sharing, David Brooks: The social animal

David Brooks: The social animal

When I got my current job, I was given a good piece of advice,which was to interview three politicians every day.And from that much contact with politicians,I can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another.They have what I called "logorrhea dementia,"which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane. (Laughter)But what they do have is incredible social skills.When you meet them, they lock into you,they look you in the eye,they invade your personal space,they massage the back of your head.

I had dinner with a Republican senator several months ago who kept his hand on my inner thigh throughout the whole meal -- squeezing it.I once -- this was years ago --I saw Ted Kennedy and Dan Quayle meet in the well of the Senate.And they were friends, and they hugged each other and they were laughing, and their faces were like this far apart.And they were moving and grinding and moving their arms up and down each other.And I was like, "Get a room. I don't want to see this. "But they have those social skills. Another case:Last election cycle,I was following Mitt Romney around New Hampshire,and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons:Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip and Dip. (Laughter)And he's going into a diner.And he goes into the diner, introduces himself to a family and says, "What village are you from in New Hampshire? "And then he describes the home he owned in their village.And so he goes around the room,and then as he's leaving the diner,he first-names almost everybody he's just met.I was like, "Okay, that's social skill. " But the paradox is,when a lot of these people slip into the policy-making mode,that social awareness vanishes and they start talking like accountants.So in the course of my career,I have covered a series of failures.We sent economists in the Soviet Unionwith privatization plans when it broke up,and what they really lacked was social trust.We invaded Iraq with a military oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities.We had a financial regulatory regime based on the assumptions that traders were rational creatures who wouldn't do anything stupid.For 30 years, I've been covering school reformand we've basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes --charters, private schools, vouchers --but we've had disappointing results year after year.And the fact is, people learn from people they love.And if you're not talking about the individual relationship between a teacher and a student,you're not talking about that reality.But that reality is expunged from our policy-making process.

And so that's led to a question for me:Why are the most socially-attuned people on earth completely dehumanized when they think about policy?And I came to the conclusion,this is a symptom of a larger problem.That, for centuries, we've inherited a view of human nature based on the notion that we're divided selves,that reason is separated from the emotions and that society progresses to the extent that reason can suppress the passions.And it's led to a view of human nature that we're rational individuals who respond in straight forward ways to incentives,and it's led to ways of seeing the world where people try to use the assumptions of physics to measure how human behavior is.And it's produced a great amputation,a shallow view of human nature.

We're really good at talking about material things,but we're really bad at talking about emotions.We're really good at talking about skills and safety and health;we're really bad at talking about character.Alasdair MacIntyre, the famous philosopher,said that, "We have the concepts of the ancient morality of virtue, honor, goodness,but we no longer have a system by which to connect them. "And so this has led to a shallow path in politics,but also in a whole range of human endeavors. You can see it in the way we raise our young kids.You go to an elementary school at three in the afternoon and you watch the kids come out,and they're wearing these 80-pound backpacks.If the wind blows them over, they're like beetles stuck there on the ground.You see these cars that drive up -- usually it's Saabs and Audis and Volvos,because in certain neighborhoods it's socially acceptable to have a luxury car,so long as it comes from a country hostile to U.S. foreign policy -- that's fine.They get picked up by these creatures I've called uber-moms,who are highly successful career women who have taken time off to make sure all their kids get into Harvard.And you can usually tell the uber-moms because they actually weigh less than their own children. (Laughter)So at the moment of conception,they're doing little butt exercises.Babies flop out,they're flashing Mandarin flashcards at the things.

Driving them home, and they want them to be enlightened,so they take them to Ben & Jerry's ice cream company with its own foreign policy.In one of my books,I joke that Ben & Jerry's should make a pacifist toothpaste --doesn't kill germs, just asks them to leave.It would be a big seller. (Laughter)And they go to Whole Foods to get their baby formula,and Whole Foods is one of those progressive grocery stores where all the cashiers look like they're on loan from Amnesty International. (Laughter)They buy these seaweed-based snacks there called Veggie Booty with Kale,which is for kids who come home and say,"Mom, mom, I want a snack that'll help prevent colon-rectal cancer. " (Laughter)

And so the kids are raised in a certain way,jumping through achievement hoops of the things we can measure --SAT prep, oboe, soccer practice.They get into competitive colleges, they get good jobs,and sometimes they make a success of themselves in a superficial manner, and they make a ton of money.And sometimes you can see them at vacation places like Jackson Hole or Aspen.And they've become elegant and slender --they don't really have thighs;they just have one elegant calve on top of another. (Laughter)They have kids of their own,and they've achieved a genetic miracle by marrying beautiful people,so their grandmoms look like Gertrude Stein,their daughters looks like Halle Berry -- I don't know how they've done that.They get there and they realize it's fashionable now to have dogs a third as tall as your ceiling heights.So they've got these furry 160-pound dogs --all look like velociraptors,all named after Jane Austen characters.

And then when they get old, they haven't really developed a philosophy of life,but they've decided, "I've been successful at everything;I'm just not going to die. "And so they hire personal trainers;they're popping Cialis like breath mints.You see them on the mountains up there.They're cross-country skiing up the mountain with these grim expressions that make Dick Cheney look like Jerry Lewis. (Laughter)And as they whiz by you,it's like being passed by a little iron Raisinet going up the hill.

(Laughter)

And so this is part of what life is,but it's not all of what life is.And over the past few years,I think we've been given a deeper view of human nature and a deeper view of who we are.And it's not based on theology or philosophy,it's in the study of the mind,across all these spheres of research,from neuroscience to the cognitive scientists,behavioral economists, psychologists,sociology,we're developing a revolution in consciousness.And when you synthesize it all,it's giving us a new view of human nature.And far from being a coldly materialistic view of nature,it's a new humanism, it's a new enchantment.And I think when you synthesize this research,you start with three key insights.

The first insight is that while the conscious mind writes the autobiography of our species,the unconscious mind does most of the work.And so one way to formulate that is the human mind can take in millions of pieces of information a minute,of which it can be consciously aware of about 40.And this leads to oddities.One of my favorite is that people named Dennisare disproportionately likely to become dentists,people named Lawrence become lawyers,because unconsciously we gravitate toward things that sound familiar,which is why I named my daughter President of the United States Brooks. (Laughter)Another finding is that the unconscious,far from being dumb and sexualized,is actually quite smart.So one of the most cognitively demanding things we do is buy furniture.It's really hard to imagine a sofa, how it's going to look in your house.And the way you should do tha tis study the furniture,let it marinate in your mind, distract yourself,and then a few days later, go with your gut,because unconsciously you've figured it out.

The second insight is that emotions are at the center of our thinking.People with strokes and lesions in the emotion-processing parts of the brainare not super smart,they're actually sometimes quite helpless.And the "giant" in the field is in the room tonight and is speaking tomorrow morning -- Antonio Damasio.And one of the things he's really shown us is that emotions are not separate from reason,but they are the foundation of reason because they tell us what to value.And so reading and educating your emotionsis one of the central activities of wisdom. Now I'm a middle-aged guy.I'm not exactly comfortable with emotions.One of my favorite brain stories described these middle-aged guys.They put them into a brain scan machine --this is apocryphal by the way, but I don't care --and they had them watch a horror movie,and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives.And the brain scans were identical in both activities.It was just sheer terror.So me talking about emotionis like Gandhi talking about gluttony,but it is the central organizing process of the way we think.It tells us what to imprint.The brain is the record of the feelings of a life.

And the third insight is that we're not primarily self-contained individuals.We're social animals, not rational animals.We emerge out of relationships,and we are deeply interpenetrated, one with another.And so when we see another person,we reenact in our own minds what we see in their minds.When we watch a car chase in a movie,it's almost as if we are subtly having a car chase.When we watch pornography,it's a little like having sex,though probably not as good.And we see this when lovers walk down the street,when a crowd in Egypt or Tunisia gets caught up in an emotional contagion,the deep interpenetration.And this revolution in who we are gives us a different way of seeing, I think, politics,a different way, most importantly,of seeing human capital.

We are now children of the French Enlightenment.We believe that reason is the highest of the faculties.But I think this research shows that the British Enlightenment, or the Scottish Enlightenment,with David Hume, Adam Smith,actually had a better handle on who we are --that reason is often weak, our sentiments are strong,and our sentiments are often trustworthy.And this work corrects that bias in our culture,that dehumanizing bias.It gives us a deeper sense of what it actually takesfor us to thrive in this life.When we think about human capital we think about the things we can measure easily --things like grades, SAT's, degrees,the number of years in schooling.What it really takes to do well, to lead a meaningful life,are things that are deeper,things we don't really even have words for.And so let me list just a couple of the things I think this research points us toward trying to understand.

The first gift, or talent, is mindsight --the ability to enter into other people's minds and learn what they have to offer.Babies come with this ability.Meltzoff, who's at the University of Washington,leaned over a baby who was 43 minutes old.He wagged his tongue at the baby.The baby wagged her tongue back.Babies are born to interpenetrate into Mom's mindand to download what they find --their models of how to understand reality.In the United States, 55 percent of babies have a deep two-way conversation with Momand they learn models to how to relate to other people.And those people who have models of how to relate have a huge head start in life.Scientists at the University of Minnesota did a study in which they could predict with 77 percent accuracy, at age 18 months,who was going to graduate from high school,based on who had good attachment with mom.Twenty percent of kids do not have those relationships.They are what we call avoidantly attached.They have trouble relating to other people.They go through life like sailboats tacking into the wind --wanting to get close to people,but not really having the models of how to do that.And so this is one skill of how to hoover up knowledge, one from another.

A second skill is equal poise,the ability to have the serenity to read the biases and failures in your own mind.So for example, we are overconfidence machines.Ninety-five percent of our professors report that they are above-average teachers.Ninety-six percent of college students say they have above-average social skills.Time magazine asked Americans, "Are you in the top one percent of earners? "Nineteen percent of Americans are in the top one percent of earners. (Laughter)This is a gender-linked trait, by the way.Men drown at twice the rate of women,because men think they can swim across that lake.But some people have the ability and awareness of their own biases, their own overconfidence.They have epistemological modesty.They are open-minded in the face of ambiguity.They are able to adjust strength of the conclusions to the strength of their evidence.They are curious.And these traits are often unrelated and uncorrelated with IQ.

The third trait is met is,what we might call street smarts -- it's a Greek word.It's a sensitivity to the physical environment,the ability to pick out patterns in an environment --derive a gist.One of my colleagues at the Times did a great story about soldiers in Iraq who could look down a street and detect somehow whether there was an IED, a landmine, in the street.They couldn't tell you how they did it,but they could feel cold, they felt a coldness,and they were more often right than wrong.The third is what you might call sympathy,the ability to work within groups.And that comes in tremendously handy,because groups are smarter than individuals.And face-to-face groups are much smarter than groups that communicate electronically,because 90 percent of our communication is non-verbal.And the effectiveness of a group is not determined by the IQ of the group;it's determined by how well they communicate,how often they take turns in conversation.

Then you could talk about a trait like blending.Any child can say, "I'm a tiger," pretend to be a tiger.It seems so elementary.But in fact, it's phenomenally complicated to take a concept "I" and a concept "tiger"and blend them together.But this is the source of innovation.What Picasso did, for example,was take the concept "Western art"and the concept "African masks"and blend them together -- not only the geometry,but the moral systems entailed in them.And these are skills, again, we can't count and measure. And then the final thing I'll mentionis something you might call limerence.And this is not an ability;it's a drive and a motivation.The conscious mind hungers for success and prestige.The unconscious mind hungers for those moments of transcendence,when the skull line disappears and we are lost in a challenge or a task --when a craftsman feels lost in his craft,when a naturalist feels at one with nature,when a believer feels at one with God's love.That is what the unconscious mind hungers for.And many of us feel it in lovewhen lovers feel fused.

And one of the most beautiful descriptions I've come across in this research of how minds interpenetrate was written by a great theorist and scientist named Douglas Hofstadter at the University of Indiana.He was married to a woman named Carol,and they had a wonderful relationship.When their kids were five and two,Carol had a stroke and a brain tumor and died suddenly.And Hofstadter wrote a book called "I Am a Strange Loop. "In the course of that book, he describes a moment --just months after Carol has died --he comes across her picture on the mantel,or on a bureau in his bedroom. And here's what he wrote:"I looked at her face,and I looked so deeply that I felt I was behind her eyes.And all at once I found myself saying as tears flowed,'That's me. That's me. 'And those simple words brought back many thoughts that I had had before,about the fusion of our soulsinto one higher-level entity,about the fact that at the core of both our soulslay our identical hopes and dreams for our children,about the notion that those hopes were not separate or distinct hopes,but were just one hope,one clear thing that defined us both,that welded us into a unit -- the kind of unit I had but dimly imagined before being married and having children.I realized that, though Carol had died,that core piece of her had not died at all,but had lived on very determinedly in my brain. " The Greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom.Through his suffering, Hofstadter understood how deeply interpenetrated we are.Through the policy failures of the last 30 years,we have come to acknowledge, I think,how shallow our view of human nature has been.And now as we confront that shallowness and the failures that derive from our inability to get the depths of who we are,comes this revolution in consciousness -- these people in so many fields exploring the depth of our nature and coming away with this enchanted,this new humanism.And when Freud discovered his sense of the unconscious,it had a vast effect on the climate of the times.Now we are discovering a more accurate vision of the unconscious, of who we are deep inside,and it's going to have a wonderful and profound and humanizing effect on our culture.

Thank you.

(Applause)


David Brooks: The social animal David Brooks: Das soziale Tier David Brooks: Μπρουκς: Το κοινωνικό ζώο David Brooks El animal social دیوید بروکس: حیوان اجتماعی David Brooks : L'animal social David Brooks: L'animale sociale デイヴィッド・ブルックスソーシャルアニマル 데이비드 브룩스: 사회적 동물 David Brooks: O animal social Дэвид Брукс: Социальное животное Девід Брукс: Соціальна тварина 大卫布鲁克斯:社交动物 大卫·布鲁克斯:社交动物

When I got my current job, I was given a good piece of advice,which was to interview three politicians every day.And from that much contact with politicians,I can tell you they’re all emotional freaks of one sort or another.They have what I called "logorrhea dementia,"which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane. عندما حصلت على وظيفتي الحالية، تلقيت نصيحة جيدة، وهي إجراء مقابلات مع ثلاثة سياسيين كل يوم. ومن خلال تواصلي الكبير مع السياسيين، أستطيع أن أخبرك أنهم جميعًا مهووسون عاطفيًا بشكل أو بآخر. لديهم ما أسميه "خرف غزارة الخرف" وهو أنهم يتحدثون كثيرًا لدرجة أنهم يدفعون أنفسهم إلى الجنون. When I got my current job, I was given a good piece of advice,which was to interview three politicians every day.And from that much contact with politicians,I can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another.They have what I called "logorrhea dementia,"which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane. Quand j'ai obtenu mon emploi actuel, on m'a donné un bon conseil, qui consistait à interviewer trois politiciens chaque jour. Et à partir de ce contact avec les politiciens, je peux vous dire que ce sont tous des monstres émotionnels d'une sorte ou d'une autre. ont ce que j'ai appelé la «démence logorrhée», c'est-à-dire qu'ils parlent tellement qu'ils se rendent fous. Quando ho ottenuto il mio attuale lavoro, mi è stato dato un buon consiglio, che era quello di intervistare tre politici ogni giorno e da quel contatto con i politici, posso dirti che sono tutti mostri emotivi di un tipo o dell'altro. hanno quella che ho chiamato "demenza logorrea", che è che parlano così tanto da impazzire. 現在の仕事に就いたとき、私は毎日3人の政治家にインタビューするという良いアドバイスを与えられました。私が「ログロア認知症」と呼んでいるものを持っています。 Quando consegui meu emprego atual, recebi um bom conselho: entrevistar três políticos todos os dias. E, com tanto contato com os políticos, posso dizer que todos são loucos emocionais de um tipo ou de outro. tem o que eu chamei de "demência por logorréia", ou seja, eles falam tanto que ficam loucos. Когда я получил свою нынешнюю работу, мне дали хороший совет: брать интервью у трех политиков каждый день. И по столь частому общению с политиками я могу сказать вам, что все они в той или иной степени эмоциональные уроды. имеют то, что я назвал «деменцией логореи», то есть они так много говорят, что сводят себя с ума. Şu andaki işimi aldığımda, her gün üç politikacıyla röportaj yapmak için iyi bir tavsiye aldım. Ve politikacılarla olan bu kadar temastan sonra, onların hepsinin bir çeşit duygusal düşkün olduğunu söyleyebilirim. "Logore Demansı" dediğim şeye sahip oldum, o kadar çok konuşuyorlar ki kendilerini deli ediyorlar. 当我得到现在的工作时,我得到了一个很好的建议,那就是每天采访三位政客。从与政客的大量接触中,我可以告诉你,他们都是某种情绪化的怪胎。他们有我所说的“logorrhea 痴呆”,就是他们说得太多了,以至于把自己逼疯了。 (Laughter)But what they do have is incredible social skills.When you meet them, they lock into you,they look you in the eye,they invade your personal space,they massage the back of your head. (Gelächter) Aber was sie haben, sind unglaubliche soziale Fähigkeiten. Wenn du sie triffst, schließen sie sich dir an, sie schauen dir in die Augen, sie dringen in deinen persönlichen Raum ein, sie massieren deinen Hinterkopf. (Rires) Mais ce qu'ils ont, ce sont des compétences sociales incroyables: lorsque vous les rencontrez, ils se verrouillent en vous, ils vous regardent dans les yeux, ils envahissent votre espace personnel, ils vous massent l'arrière de la tête. (Risate) Ma quello che hanno sono incredibili abilità sociali: quando li incontri, ti chiudono dentro, ti guardano negli occhi, invadono il tuo spazio personale, ti massaggiano la nuca. (笑い)しかし、彼らが持っているのは信じられないほどの社会的スキルです。 (웃음)하지만 그들이 가지고있는 것은 놀라운 사회적 기술입니다. 당신이 그들을 만나면, 그들은 당신을 사로 잡아 눈을보고, 당신의 개인 공간을 침범하며, 머리 뒤를 마사지합니다. (Risos) Mas o que eles têm são habilidades sociais incríveis. Quando você os encontra, eles se prendem a você, olham nos seus olhos, invadem seu espaço pessoal, massageiam sua nuca. (Смех) Но у них действительно есть невероятные социальные навыки. Когда вы встречаетесь с ними, они цепляются за вас, они смотрят вам в глаза, они вторгаются в ваше личное пространство, они массируют вам затылок. (笑声)但是他们确实拥有令人难以置信的社交技巧。当你遇到他们时,他们会锁定你,他们会看着你的眼睛,他们会侵入你的私人空间,他们会按摩你的后脑勺。

I had dinner with a Republican senator several months ago who kept his hand on my inner thigh throughout the whole meal -- squeezing it.I once -- this was years ago --I saw Ted Kennedy and Dan Quayle meet in the well of the Senate.And they were friends, and they hugged each other and they were laughing, and their faces were like this far apart.And they were moving and grinding and moving their arms up and down each other.And I was like, "Get a room. J'ai dîné avec un sénateur républicain il y a plusieurs mois qui a gardé sa main sur l'intérieur de ma cuisse tout au long du repas - en le serrant. Une fois - c'était il y a des années - j'ai vu Ted Kennedy et Dan Quayle se rencontrer dans le puits de la Sénat.Et ils étaient amis, et ils se sont étreints et ils ont ri, et leurs visages étaient comme si éloignés les uns des autres.Et ils se déplaçaient et se broyaient et bougeaient leurs bras de haut en bas.Et je me disais: pièce. Diversi mesi fa ho cenato con un senatore repubblicano che mi ha tenuto la mano sulla parte interna della coscia per tutto il pasto, strizzandola. Una volta, anni fa, ho visto Ted Kennedy e Dan Quayle incontrarsi nel pozzo del Senato. Erano amici, si abbracciavano e ridevano, e le loro facce erano così lontane l'una dall'altra. E si muovevano, macinavano e muovevano le braccia su e giù a vicenda. E io ero tipo, "Prendi un camera. 私は数か月前に共和党の上院議員と夕食を食べましたが、彼は食事全体を通して私の内側の太ももに手を置いていました-それを絞る。彼らは友人であり、お互いを抱きしめ、笑い、彼らの顔はこれほど遠く離れていました。そして、彼らはお互いに腕を上下に動かし、磨き、動かしていました。ルーム。 몇 달 전 공화당 상원 의원과 함께 저녁 식사를 한 사람은 전체 식사 내내 허벅지에 손을 댔다. 상원. 그리고 그들은 친구 였고 서로 포옹하고 웃으며 얼굴이 이렇게 멀어졌고, 팔이 서로 위아래로 움직이고 갈아지고 움직였습니다. 방. Jantei com um senador republicano há vários meses que manteve a mão na parte interna da minha coxa durante toda a refeição - apertando-a. Uma vez - isso foi há anos - vi Ted Kennedy e Dan Quayle se encontrarem no poço do Senado. E eles eram amigos e se abraçavam e riam, e seus rostos estavam assim tão distantes. E eles estavam se movendo e esfregando e movendo os braços para cima e para baixo um ao outro. E eu disse, "Pega um sala. Несколько месяцев назад я ужинал с сенатором-республиканцем, который всю трапезу держал руку у меня на внутренней стороне бедра - сжимая ее. Однажды - это было много лет назад - я видел, как Тед Кеннеди и Дэн Куэйл встретились в колодце Сенат. И они были друзьями, и они обнимали друг друга, и они смеялись, и их лица были вот так далеко друг от друга. И они двигались, скрежетали и двигали руками вверх и вниз друг по другу. И я такой: «Получите комната. Birkaç ay önce, bütün yemek boyunca elini uyluğumun içinde tutan ve sıkarak bir Cumhuriyetçi senatörle akşam yemeği yedim. Bir keresinde - bu yıllar önceydi - Ted Kennedy ve Dan Quayle'ın kuyuda buluştuğunu gördüm. Senato.Ve onlar arkadaştı ve birbirlerine sarıldılar ve gülüyorlardı ve yüzleri birbirinden bu kadar uzaktaydı. Hareket ediyor, gıcırdatıyor ve kollarını birbirlerine yukarı ve aşağı hareket ettiriyorlardı. oda. 几个月前,我和一位共和党参议员共进晚餐,他的手在整个用餐过程中一直放在我的大腿内侧——捏着它。我曾经——那是几年前——我看到泰德·肯尼迪和丹·奎尔在井里相遇参议院。他们是朋友,他们互相拥抱,笑着,他们的脸相距这么远。他们移动,磨擦,上下移动他们的手臂。我就像,“拿一个房间。 I don’t want to see this. Eu não quero ver isso. "But they have those social skills. "Mas eles têm essas habilidades sociais. Another case:Last election cycle,I was following Mitt Romney around New Hampshire,and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons:Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip and Dip. Un autre cas: dernier cycle électoral, je suivais Mitt Romney dans le New Hampshire, et il faisait campagne avec ses cinq fils parfaits: Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip et Dip. 別のケース:前回の選挙サイクルで、私はニューハンプシャー周辺のミットロムニーをフォローしていました。彼は、5人の完璧な息子、ビップ、チップ、リップ、ジップ、リップ、ディップと一緒に選挙運動をしていました。 Outro caso: no último ciclo eleitoral, eu estava seguindo Mitt Romney por New Hampshire, e ele estava fazendo campanha com seus cinco filhos perfeitos: Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip e Dip. Другой случай: в прошлом избирательном цикле я следил за Миттом Ромни в Нью-Гэмпшире, и он проводил кампанию со своими пятью идеальными сыновьями: Бипом, Чипом, Рипом, Зипом, Губом и Дипом. 另一个案例:上个选举周期,我在新罕布什尔州跟踪米特·罗姆尼,他和他的五个完美儿子一起竞选:Bip、Chip、Rip、Zip、Lip 和 Dip。 (Laughter)And he’s going into a diner.And he goes into the diner, introduces himself to a family and says, "What village are you from in New Hampshire? (Rires) Et il va dans un restaurant. Et il va dans le restaurant, se présente à une famille et dit: "De quel village venez-vous dans le New Hampshire? (Risate) Sta entrando in una tavola calda. E va nella tavola calda, si presenta a una famiglia e dice: "Di che villaggio vieni nel New Hampshire? (Смех) Он идет в закусочную. И он идет в закусочную, представляет себя семье и говорит: «Из какой вы деревни в Нью-Гэмпшире? (笑声)他要去一家小餐馆 他走进小餐馆,向一家人介绍自己,然后说:“你们来自新罕布什尔州的哪个村庄? "And then he describes the home he owned in their village.And so he goes around the room,and then as he’s leaving the diner,he first-names almost everybody he’s just met.I was like, "Okay, that’s social skill. " "E poi descrive la casa che possedeva nel loro villaggio. E così va in giro per la stanza, e poi mentre lascia la tavola calda, chiama quasi tutti quelli che ha appena incontrato. Ho pensato," Ok, questa è abilità sociale. " 「そして、彼は彼が彼らの村に所有する家について説明します。そして彼は部屋を歩き回り、そして彼がダイナーを去るとき、彼は彼が出会ったばかりのほぼ全員をファーストネームにします。 」 "E então ele descreve a casa que possuía em sua aldeia. E então ele anda pela sala, e quando está saindo da lanchonete, ele dá o primeiro nome a quase todo mundo que acabou de conhecer. Eu estava tipo," Ok, isso é habilidade social. " «А потом он описывает свой дом в их деревне. И поэтому он обходит комнату, а затем, когда он выходит из закусочной, он называет по имени почти всех, кого только что встретил. Я такой:« Хорошо, это социальный навык. " “然后他描述了他在他们村子里拥有的房子。然后他在房间里转了一圈,然后当他离开餐厅时,他几乎说出了他刚遇到的每个人的名字。我想,“好吧,那是社交技巧。 " But the paradox is,when a lot of these people slip into the policy-making mode,that social awareness vanishes and they start talking like accountants.So in the course of my career,I have covered a series of failures.We sent economists in the Soviet Unionwith privatization plans when it broke up,and what they really lacked was social trust.We invaded Iraq with a military oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities.We had a financial regulatory regime based on the assumptions that traders were rational creatures who wouldn’t do anything stupid.For 30 years, I’ve been covering school reformand we’ve basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes --charters, private schools, vouchers --but we’ve had disappointing results year after year.And the fact is, people learn from people they love.And if you’re not talking about the individual relationship between a teacher and a student,you’re not talking about that reality.But that reality is expunged from our policy-making process. Mais le paradoxe est que, lorsque beaucoup de ces gens se glissent dans le mode d'élaboration des politiques, la conscience sociale disparaît et ils commencent à parler comme des comptables.Au cours de ma carrière, j'ai donc couvert une série d'échecs. l'Union soviétique avec des plans de privatisation quand elle a éclaté, et ce qui leur manquait vraiment, c'était la confiance sociale.Nous avons envahi l'Irak avec une armée inconsciente des réalités culturelles et psychologiques.Nous avions un régime de réglementation financière basé sur l'hypothèse que les commerçants étaient des créatures rationnelles qui ne voulaient pas Depuis 30 ans, je couvre la réforme des écoles et nous avons essentiellement réorganisé les boîtes bureaucratiques - les chartes, les écoles privées, les bons - mais nous avons eu des résultats décevants année après année. , les gens apprennent des gens qu'ils aiment. Et si vous ne parlez pas de la relation individuelle entre un enseignant et un élève, vous ne parlez pas de cette réalité, mais cette réalité est supprimée de notre processus d'élaboration des politiques. Ma il paradosso è che quando molte di queste persone scivolano nella modalità di elaborazione delle politiche, la consapevolezza sociale svanisce e iniziano a parlare come contabili, quindi nel corso della mia carriera ho coperto una serie di fallimenti. l'Unione Sovietica con piani di privatizzazione quando si sciolse, e ciò che mancava davvero era la fiducia sociale.Abbiamo invaso l'Iraq con un esercito ignaro delle realtà culturali e psicologiche.Avevamo un regime di regolamentazione finanziaria basato sul presupposto che i commercianti fossero creature razionali che non l'avrebbero fatto. Per 30 anni ho seguito la riforma della scuola e abbiamo sostanzialmente riorganizzato le scatole burocratiche - carte, scuole private, buoni - ma abbiamo avuto risultati deludenti anno dopo anno. , le persone imparano dalle persone che amano e se non stai parlando della relazione individuale tra un insegnante e uno studente, non stai parlando di quella realtà, ma quella realtà viene cancellata dal nostro processo decisionale. 그러나 많은 사람들이 정책 결정 모드에 빠지면 사회 인식이 사라지고 회계사처럼 대화하기 시작한다는 역설은 역설입니다. 소비에트 민주화 계획이 세워진 소련과 그들이 실제로 결여 한 것은 사회적 신뢰였다. 우리는 문화적, 심리적 현실에 대해 무관심한 군대로 이라크를 침공했다. 우리는 상인들이 30 년 동안, 나는 학교 개혁을 다루었 고 기본적으로 관료 주의적 상자 (헌장, 사립 학교, 바우처)를 개편했지만 우리는 해마다 실망스러운 결과를 얻었습니다. 사람들은 자신이 좋아하는 사람들로부터 배우며, 교사와 학생 사이의 개인적인 관계에 대해 이야기하지 않으면 그 현실에 대해 이야기하지 않습니다. Mas o paradoxo é que, quando muitas dessas pessoas escorregam para o modo de formulação de políticas, a consciência social desaparece e elas começam a falar como contadores. Portanto, ao longo de minha carreira, cobri uma série de fracassos. Enviamos economistas em a União Soviética com planos de privatização quando se desfez, e o que realmente faltou foi a confiança social. Invadimos o Iraque com militares alheios às realidades culturais e psicológicas. Tínhamos um regime regulatório financeiro baseado nas suposições de que os comerciantes eram criaturas racionais que não queriam Não faça nada estúpido. Por 30 anos, venho cobrindo a reforma escolar e basicamente reorganizamos as caixas burocráticas - licenças, escolas particulares, vouchers - mas tivemos resultados decepcionantes ano após ano. E o fato é , as pessoas aprendem com as pessoas que amam. E se você não está falando sobre a relação individual entre um professor e um aluno, não está falando sobre essa realidade. Mas essa realidade é eliminada de nosso processo de formulação de políticas. Но парадокс заключается в том, что, когда многие из этих людей переходят в режим разработки политики, социальная осведомленность исчезает, и они начинают говорить как бухгалтеры. Таким образом, в ходе своей карьеры я преодолел ряд неудач. Мы отправили туда экономистов. Советский Союз с планами приватизации, когда он распался, и чего им действительно не хватало, так это социального доверия. Мы вторглись в Ирак с военными, не обращающими внимания на культурные и психологические реалии. У нас был режим финансового регулирования, основанный на предположении, что торговцы были разумными существами, которые В течение 30 лет я освещал школьную реформу, и мы в основном реорганизовали бюрократические ящики - чартеры, частные школы, ваучеры - но год за годом мы получали неутешительные результаты. люди учатся у людей, которых они любят. И если вы не говорите об индивидуальных отношениях между учителем и учеником, вы не говорите об этой реальности. Но эта реальность исключена из нашего процесса разработки политики. Ancak paradoks şu ki, bu insanların çoğu politika oluşturma moduna geçtiğinde, sosyal farkındalık yok oluyor ve muhasebeciler gibi konuşmaya başlıyorlar. Sovyetler Birliği dağıldığında özelleştirme planları olan ve gerçekten yoksun oldukları şey sosyal güvendi. Irak'ı kültürel ve psikolojik gerçeklerden habersiz bir askeri olarak işgal ettik. Tüccarların rasyonel yaratıklar olduğu varsayımlarına dayanan bir mali düzenleme rejimimiz vardı. Aptalca bir şey yapmayın. 30 yıldır okul reformunu inceliyorum ve bürokratik kutuları --gahlar, özel okullar, makbuzlar - yeniden düzenledik ama her yıl hayal kırıklığı yaratan sonuçlar aldık. İnsanlar sevdikleri insanlardan öğrenirler ve bir öğretmen ile öğrenci arasındaki bireysel ilişkiden bahsetmiyorsanız, bu gerçeklikten bahsetmiyorsunuzdur, ama bu gerçeklik politika oluşturma sürecimizden çıkarılır. 但矛盾的是,当这些人中的许多人陷入决策模式时,社会意识消失了,他们开始像会计师一样说话。所以在我的职业生涯中,我已经报道了一系列失败。我们派经济学家进来苏联解体时有私有化计划,而他们真正缺乏的是社会信任。我们以无视文化和心理现实的军队入侵伊拉克。我们的金融监管制度基于这样的假设,即交易者是理性的动物,他们不会不要做傻事。30年来,我一直在报道学校改革,我们基本上重组了官僚机构——特许学校、私立学校、代金券——但我们年复一年的结果令人失望。事实是,人们向他们所爱的人学习。如果你不是在谈论教师和学生之间的个人关系,你就不是在谈论那个现实。但是这个现实已经从我们的政策制定过程中消失了。

And so that’s led to a question for me:Why are the most socially-attuned people on earth completely dehumanized when they think about policy?And I came to the conclusion,this is a symptom of a larger problem.That, for centuries, we’ve inherited a view of human nature based on the notion that we’re divided selves,that reason is separated from the emotions and that society progresses to the extent that reason can suppress the passions.And it’s led to a view of human nature that we’re rational individuals who respond in straight forward ways to incentives,and it’s led to ways of seeing the world where people try to use the assumptions of physics to measure how human behavior is.And it’s produced a great amputation,a shallow view of human nature. Das führte zu einer Frage für mich: Warum sind die sozial am besten abgestimmten Menschen auf der Erde völlig entmenschlicht, wenn sie über Politik nachdenken? Und ich kam zu dem Schluss, dass dies ein Symptom für ein größeres Problem ist. Das sind wir seit Jahrhunderten Ich habe eine Sicht der menschlichen Natur geerbt, die auf der Vorstellung basiert, dass wir uns selbst teilen, dass die Vernunft von den Emotionen getrennt ist und dass die Gesellschaft so weit voranschreitet, dass die Vernunft die Leidenschaften unterdrücken kann. Und dies führt zu einer Sicht der menschlichen Natur Wir sind rationale Individuen, die direkt auf Anreize reagieren, und es führt zu Sichtweisen auf die Welt, in der Menschen versuchen, die Annahmen der Physik zu verwenden, um zu messen, wie menschliches Verhalten ist. Und es erzeugt eine große Amputation, eine flache Sicht auf menschliche Natur. Y eso me llevó a una pregunta: ¿por qué las personas con mayor sintonía social en el mundo están completamente deshumanizadas cuando piensan en la política? Y llegué a la conclusión de que esto es un síntoma de un problema mayor. He heredado una visión de la naturaleza humana basada en la noción de que estamos divididos, que la razón está separada de las emociones y que la sociedad progresa en la medida en que la razón puede suprimir las pasiones. Y ha conducido a una visión de la naturaleza humana que somos individuos racionales que responden de manera directa a los incentivos, y esto nos lleva a ver el mundo donde las personas intentan usar los supuestos de la física para medir cómo es el comportamiento humano. Y produjo una gran amputación, una visión superficial de la naturaleza humana. E questo mi ha portato a una domanda: perché le persone più socialmente in sintonia sulla terra sono completamente disumanizzate quando pensano alla politica? E sono giunto alla conclusione, questo è un sintomo di un problema più ampio. Che, per secoli, noi abbiamo ereditato una visione della natura umana basata sulla nozione che siamo divisi in sé, che la ragione è separata dalle emozioni e che la società progredisce nella misura in cui la ragione può sopprimere le passioni. E ha portato a una visione della natura umana che siamo individui razionali che rispondono in modo diretto agli incentivi e ciò ha portato a modi di vedere il mondo in cui le persone cercano di utilizzare i presupposti della fisica per misurare il comportamento umano e ha prodotto una grande amputazione, una visione superficiale del natura umana. そして、それは私に疑問をもたらしました:なぜ彼らが政策について考えるとき、地球上で最も社会的に調整された人々が完全に非人間化されるのですか?そして、私は結論に達しました、これはより大きな問題の症状です。 「私たちは自分自身を分割し、その理由は感情から分離され、社会はその理由が情熱を抑えることができる程度に進歩するという概念に基づいて人間の自然の見解を継承しました。私たちはインセンティブに素直に反応する合理的な個人であり、それは人々が物理学の仮定を使用して人間の行動がどのようになっているかを測定しようとする世界を見る方法につながりました。人間の本性。 E isso me levou a uma pergunta: por que as pessoas mais socialmente sintonizadas na terra são completamente desumanizadas quando pensam em política? E cheguei à conclusão de que isso é um sintoma de um problema maior. Que, por séculos, nós herdamos uma visão da natureza humana baseada na noção de que somos eus divididos, que a razão está separada das emoções e que a sociedade progride na medida em que a razão pode suprimir as paixões. E isso levou a uma visão da natureza humana que somos indivíduos racionais que respondem de forma direta aos incentivos, e isso levou a maneiras de ver o mundo onde as pessoas tentam usar os pressupostos da física para medir como é o comportamento humano. E isso produziu uma grande amputação, uma visão superficial de natureza humana. И это привело меня к вопросу: почему наиболее социально настроенные люди на земле полностью дегуманизированы, когда они думают о политике? И я пришел к выводу, что это симптом более серьезной проблемы. мы унаследовали взгляд на человеческую природу, основанный на представлении о том, что мы разделены, что разум отделен от эмоций и что общество развивается до такой степени, что разум может подавлять страсти. И это привело к пониманию человеческой природы, которое мы рациональные люди, которые прямо реагируют на стимулы, и это привело к способам видения мира, в котором люди пытаются использовать предположения физики для измерения человеческого поведения. И это привело к большой ампутации, поверхностному взгляду на человеческая природа. 所以这给我带来了一个问题:为什么地球上最社会化的人在考虑政策时完全没有人性?我得出结论,这是一个更大问题的症状。几个世纪以来,我们'继承了一种人性观,基于这样一种观念,即我们是分裂的,理性与情感是分开的,社会进步到理性可以抑制激情的程度。它导致了一种人性观我们是理性的人,他们以直接的方式对激励做出反应,这导致了人们试图用物理学假设来衡量人类行为的看待世界的方式。它产生了巨大的截肢,对世界的肤浅看法人性。

We’re really good at talking about material things,but we’re really bad at talking about emotions.We’re really good at talking about skills and safety and health;we’re really bad at talking about character.Alasdair MacIntyre, the famous philosopher,said that, "We have the concepts of the ancient morality of virtue, honor, goodness,but we no longer have a system by which to connect them. Siamo davvero bravi a parlare di cose materiali, ma non siamo davvero bravi a parlare di emozioni Siamo davvero bravi a parlare di abilità, sicurezza e salute; siamo davvero pessimi quando parliamo di carattere. famoso filosofo, ha detto che: "Abbiamo i concetti dell'antica moralità di virtù, onore, bontà, ma non abbiamo più un sistema con cui collegarli. Мы действительно хорошо говорим о материальных вещах, но мы действительно плохо говорим об эмоциях. Мы действительно хорошо говорим о навыках, безопасности и здоровье; мы действительно плохо говорим о персонажах. Аласдер Макинтайр, знаменитый философ сказал: «У нас есть концепции древней морали добродетели, чести, добра, но у нас больше нет системы, с помощью которой можно было бы их соединить. 我们真的很擅长谈论物质的事情,但我们真的不擅长谈论情感。我们真的很擅长谈论技能、安全和健康;我们真的不擅长谈论性格。阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔,著名哲学家说:“我们有德、荣、善的古代道德观念,但我们不再有一个系统来将它们联系起来。 "And so this has led to a shallow path in politics,but also in a whole range of human endeavors. „A tak to vedlo k mělké cestě v politice, ale také v celé řadě lidských snah. "Y así, esto ha llevado a un camino poco profundo en la política, pero también en toda una gama de esfuerzos humanos. "Et donc cela a conduit à une voie peu profonde en politique, mais aussi dans toute une gamme d'activités humaines. "E così questo ha portato a un percorso superficiale in politica, ma anche in tutta una serie di attività umane. 「そして、これは政治の浅い道につながっただけでなく、人間の全範囲の努力にもつながりました。 "E isso levou a um caminho superficial na política, mas também em toda uma gama de empreendimentos humanos. "Таким образом, это привело к неглубокому пути в политике, но также и в целом ряде человеческих начинаний. “因此,这导致了一条浅薄的政治道路,但也导致了整个人类努力。 You can see it in the way we raise our young kids.You go to an elementary school at three in the afternoon and you watch the kids come out,and they’re wearing these 80-pound backpacks.If the wind blows them over, they’re like beetles stuck there on the ground.You see these cars that drive up -- usually it’s Saabs and Audis and Volvos,because in certain neighborhoods it’s socially acceptable to have a luxury car,so long as it comes from a country hostile to U.S. Puedes verlo en la forma en que criamos a nuestros niños pequeños. Asistes a una escuela primaria a las tres de la tarde y ves salir a los niños, y están usando estas mochilas de 80 libras. Si el viento los sopla, son como escarabajos atrapados allí en el suelo. Ves estos autos que suben, generalmente son Saabs, Audis y Volvos, porque en ciertos vecindarios es socialmente aceptable tener un auto de lujo, siempre que provenga de un país hostil. para nosotros Puoi vederlo nel modo in cui alleviamo i nostri figli piccoli: vai a una scuola elementare alle tre del pomeriggio e guardi i bambini che escono e indossano questi zaini da 80 libbre. Se il vento li spazza via, sono come scarafaggi bloccati lì a terra, vedi queste macchine che salgono - di solito sono Saab, Audi e Volvo, perché in certi quartieri è socialmente accettabile avere un'auto di lusso, purché provenga da un paese ostile a noi 幼い子供たちを育てる方法でそれを見ることができます。午後3時に小学校に行き、子供たちが出てくるのを見て、80ポンドのバックパックを着ています。風が吹くと、それらは地面に立ち往生しているカブトムシのようなものです。これらの車が運転しているのが見えます。通常、特定の地域では高級車を所有することは社会的に受け入れられるため、サーブスとオーディスとボルボスです。米国へ 우리가 어린 아이들을 키우는 방식을 볼 수 있습니다. 오후 3시에 초등학교에 가서 아이들이 나오는 것을 보며 아이들이 80 파운드의 배낭을 입고 있습니다. 당신은 운전하는이 차들을 본다. 보통 사브와 아우디와 볼보는 특정 지역에서는 적대적 국가에서 온다면 사치와 자동차를 사교적으로 받아 들일 수 있기 때문이다. 우리에게 Você pode ver na maneira como criamos nossos filhos pequenos. Você vai para uma escola primária às três da tarde e vê as crianças saírem, e eles estão usando essas mochilas de 40 quilos. Se o vento os levar, eles são como besouros presos no chão. Você vê esses carros que sobem - geralmente são Saabs, Audis e Volvos, porque em certos bairros é socialmente aceitável ter um carro de luxo, desde que venha de um país hostil para nós Вы можете увидеть это по тому, как мы воспитываем наших маленьких детей: вы идете в начальную школу в три часа дня и смотрите, как дети выходят, и они носят эти 80-фунтовые рюкзаки. Если ветер их унесет, они как жуки, застрявшие на земле. Вы видите эти подъезжающие машины - обычно это Saab, Audis и Volvos, потому что в определенных районах социально приемлемо иметь роскошный автомобиль, если он из враждебной страны нам 你可以从我们抚养小孩的方式中看到。你下午三点去小学,看着孩子们出来,他们背着这些 80 磅重的背包。如果风把他们吹倒,他们就像甲虫卡在地上。你看到这些开起来的车——通常是萨博、奥迪和沃尔沃,因为在某些社区,拥有一辆豪华车是社会可以接受的,只要它来自一个敌对的国家到美国 foreign policy -- that’s fine.They get picked up by these creatures I’ve called uber-moms,who are highly successful career women who have taken time off to make sure all their kids get into Harvard.And you can usually tell the uber-moms because they actually weigh less than their own children. política exterior: está bien. Son criados por estas criaturas que he llamado madres súper, que son mujeres de gran éxito en su carrera que se han tomado un descanso para asegurarse de que todos sus hijos ingresen a Harvard. Y, por lo general, se puede decir al superhombre. -Las mamás porque en realidad pesan menos que sus propios hijos. politica estera - va bene. Vengono presi da queste creature che ho chiamato uber-mamme, che sono donne in carriera di grande successo che si sono prese del tempo per assicurarsi che tutti i loro figli entrassero ad Harvard. -mamme perché pesano meno dei propri figli. 外交政策-それは結構です、彼らは私がuber-momsと呼んでいるこれらの生き物に取り上げられます。 -母親は実際に自分の子供よりも体重が少ないからです。 política externa - tudo bem. Elas são escolhidas por essas criaturas que chamei de supermães, que são mulheres de carreira muito bem-sucedidas que tiraram uma folga para garantir que todos os seus filhos entrassem em Harvard. E geralmente você pode dizer ao uber -mãe porque na verdade pesam menos que seus próprios filhos Внешняя политика - это нормально. Их подхватывают эти существа, которых я назвал убер-мамами, которые являются очень успешными женщинами в карьере, которые взяли отпуск, чтобы убедиться, что все их дети поступят в Гарвард. -мамы, потому что они на самом деле весят меньше, чем их собственные дети. 外交政策——那很好。他们被我称为超级妈妈的这些生物所吸引,她们是非常成功的职业女性,她们会休假以确保他们所有的孩子都能进入哈佛。你通常可以告诉超级妈妈-妈妈,因为他们实际上比自己的孩子轻。 (Laughter)So at the moment of conception,they’re doing little butt exercises.Babies flop out,they’re flashing Mandarin flashcards at the things. (Risas) Así que en el momento de la concepción, están haciendo pequeños ejercicios a tope. Los bebés se desploman, están lanzando flashcards de mandarín a las cosas. (Rires) Donc au moment de la conception, ils font de petits exercices de fesses. Les bébés s'affaissent, ils clignotent des cartes flash en mandarin sur les choses. (Risate) Quindi, al momento del concepimento, stanno facendo dei piccoli esercizi per i glutei, i bambini saltano fuori, mostrano flashcard in mandarino alle cose. (笑い)だから、受胎の瞬間、彼らは少し尻のエクササイズをしています。 (웃음) 그래서 임신의 순간, 그들은 약간의 엉덩이 운동을하고 있습니다. (Смех) Итак, в момент зачатия они делают небольшие упражнения для ягодиц. Младенцы выпрыгивают, они мигают карточками на китайском. (笑声)所以在受孕的那一刻,他们正在做一些小屁股练习。婴儿们会摔倒,他们会在这些东西上闪现普通话卡片。

Driving them home, and they want them to be enlightened,so they take them to Ben & Jerry’s ice cream company with its own foreign policy.In one of my books,I joke that Ben & Jerry’s should make a pacifist toothpaste --doesn’t kill germs, just asks them to leave.It would be a big seller. Llevándolos a casa, y quieren que estén iluminados, así que los llevan a la compañía de helados Ben & Jerry con su propia política exterior. En uno de mis libros, bromeo con que Ben & Jerry debería hacer una pasta de dientes pacifista. No maten gérmenes, solo les pide que se vayan. Sería un gran vendedor. Li accompagnano a casa e vogliono che siano illuminati, così li portano dalla compagnia di gelati di Ben & Jerry con la sua politica estera. In uno dei miei libri scherzo dicendo che Ben & Jerry's dovrebbe fare un dentifricio pacifista - non è vero t uccidere i germi, chiede solo loro di andarsene. Sarebbe un grande venditore. 彼らを家に連れて行き、彼らに啓発をしてほしいので、彼らは彼らを独自の外交政策でベン&ジェリーのアイスクリーム会社に連れて行きます。細菌を殺す、彼らに去るように頼むだけです。それは大きな売り手になります。 Отвозят их домой, и они хотят, чтобы они были просвещенными, поэтому они отвозят их в компанию по производству мороженого Ben & Jerry со своей собственной внешней политикой. В одной из моих книг я шучу, что Ben & Jerry's должна сделать пацифистскую зубную пасту - не так ли? t убить микробы, просто просит их уйти. Это было бы большим продавцом. 开车送他们回家,他们想让他们开悟,所以他们带着自己的外交政策带他们去 Ben & Jerry 的冰淇淋公司。在我的一本书中,我开玩笑说 Ben & Jerry 应该生产一种和平主义的牙膏——没有t杀死细菌,只是要求他们离开。这将是一个大卖家。 (Laughter)And they go to Whole Foods to get their baby formula,and Whole Foods is one of those progressive grocery stores where all the cashiers look like they’re on loan from Amnesty International. (Risas) Y van a Whole Foods para obtener la fórmula de su bebé, y Whole Foods es una de esas tiendas de comestibles progresivas donde todos los cajeros parecen haber sido prestados por Amnistía Internacional. (Rires) Et ils vont chez Whole Foods pour obtenir leur préparation pour bébé, et Whole Foods est l'une de ces épiceries progressistes où tous les caissiers semblent être prêtés par Amnesty International. (Risate) E vanno da Whole Foods per prendere il loro latte in polvere, e Whole Foods è uno di quei negozi di alimentari progressisti in cui tutti i cassieri sembrano essere presi in prestito da Amnesty International. (웃음) 그리고 그들은 유아식을 얻기 위해 Whole Foods에갑니다. 그리고 Whole Foods는 모든 계산원들이 국제 앰네스티에서 대출을받는 것처럼 보이는 진보적 인 식료품 점 중 하나입니다. (Risos) E eles vão à Whole Foods para obter sua fórmula para bebês, e a Whole Foods é uma dessas mercearias progressistas onde todos os caixas parecem que foram emprestados pela Anistia Internacional. (Смех) Они ходят в Whole Foods за детским питанием, а Whole Foods - один из тех прогрессивных продуктовых магазинов, где все кассиры выглядят так, будто они взяты взаймы у Amnesty International. (笑声)他们去 Whole Foods 买婴儿配方奶粉, Whole Foods 是那些先进的杂货店之一,所有的收银员看起来都像是从国际特赦组织借来的。 (Laughter)They buy these seaweed-based snacks there called Veggie Booty with Kale,which is for kids who come home and say,"Mom, mom, I want a snack that’ll help prevent colon-rectal cancer. " (Risas) Compran estos bocadillos a base de algas allí llamados Veggie Booty with Kale, que es para los niños que vienen a casa y dicen: "Mamá, mamá, quiero un bocadillo que ayude a prevenir el cáncer de colon y recto". (Смех) Они покупают там закуски на основе морских водорослей под названием Veggie Booty with Kale, которые предназначены для детей, которые приходят домой и говорят: «Мама, мама, я хочу перекус, который поможет предотвратить рак прямой и толстой кишки». (笑声)他们在那里买这些海藻零食,叫做 Veggie Booty with Kale,这是给那些回家说“妈妈,妈妈,我想要一种有助于预防结肠直肠癌的零食”的孩子。 (Laughter)

And so the kids are raised in a certain way,jumping through achievement hoops of the things we can measure --SAT prep, oboe, soccer practice.They get into competitive colleges, they get good jobs,and sometimes they make a success of themselves in a superficial manner, and they make a ton of money.And sometimes you can see them at vacation places like Jackson Hole or Aspen.And they’ve become elegant and slender --they don’t really have thighs;they just have one elegant calve on top of another. Y así los niños son criados de cierta manera, saltando a través de aros de logros de las cosas que podemos medir: preparación para el examen, oboe, práctica de fútbol. Entran en universidades competitivas, obtienen buenos trabajos y, a veces, logran el éxito por sí mismos. de manera superficial, y ganan un montón de dinero. Y a veces se los puede ver en lugares de vacaciones como Jackson Hole o Aspen. Y se han vuelto elegantes y delgados, realmente no tienen muslos, solo tienen uno. Elegante ternera encima de otra. E così i bambini vengono cresciuti in un certo modo, saltando attraverso i cerchi delle cose che possiamo misurare: preparazione SAT, oboe, allenamento di calcio, entrano in college competitivi, ottengono buoni lavori e talvolta hanno successo da soli in modo superficiale, e fanno un sacco di soldi. A volte puoi vederli in luoghi di vacanza come Jackson Hole o Aspen. E sono diventati eleganti e snelli - non hanno davvero le cosce; ne hanno solo una elegante vitello sopra l'altro. 그래서 아이들은 우리가 측정 할 수있는 것들 (SAT 준비, 오보에, 축구 연습)의 성과를 뛰어 넘어 특정 방식으로 성장합니다. 잭슨 홀 (Jackson Hole)이나 아스펜 (Aspen)과 같은 휴가지에서 볼 수 있으며 우아하고 날씬해졌습니다. 허벅지가 없어요. 다른 위에 우아한 송아지. E assim as crianças são criadas de uma certa maneira, saltando através de aros de realização das coisas que podemos medir - preparação para o SAT, oboé, prática de futebol. Eles entram em faculdades competitivas, conseguem bons empregos e às vezes têm sucesso de uma maneira superficial e eles ganham muito dinheiro. E às vezes você pode vê-los em lugares de férias como Jackson Hole ou Aspen. E eles se tornaram elegantes e esguios - eles realmente não têm coxas; eles apenas têm uma bezerro elegante em cima do outro. И поэтому детей воспитывают определенным образом, они прыгают через обручи достижений того, что мы можем измерить - подготовку к экзамену, гобой, тренировку по футболу. Они поступают в конкурентоспособные колледжи, получают хорошую работу, а иногда и добиваются успеха сами. на первый взгляд, и они зарабатывают кучу денег. И иногда их можно увидеть в отпускных местах, таких как Джексон-Хоул или Аспен. И они стали элегантными и стройными - у них на самом деле нет бедер, у них просто одна элегантная икра поверх другой. 因此,孩子们以某种方式被抚养长大,在我们可以衡量的事物的成就圈中跳跃——SAT准备、双簧管、足球练习。他们进入竞争激烈的大学,他们找到了好工作,有时他们也取得了成功从表面上看,他们赚了很多钱。有时你可以在杰克逊霍尔或阿斯彭等度假胜地看到它们。而且它们变得优雅和纤细——它们实际上没有大腿;它们只有一条优雅的小牛在另一个之上。 (Laughter)They have kids of their own,and they’ve achieved a genetic miracle by marrying beautiful people,so their grandmoms look like Gertrude Stein,their daughters looks like Halle Berry -- I don’t know how they’ve done that.They get there and they realize it’s fashionable now to have dogs a third as tall as your ceiling heights.So they’ve got these furry 160-pound dogs --all look like velociraptors,all named after Jane Austen characters. (Risate) Hanno figli loro e hanno ottenuto un miracolo genetico sposando persone bellissime, quindi le loro nonne assomigliano a Gertrude Stein, le loro figlie sembrano Halle Berry - non so come ci abbiano fatto Ci arrivano e si rendono conto che ora è di moda avere cani alti un terzo quanto il soffitto, quindi hanno questi cani pelosi di 160 libbre - sembrano tutti velociraptor, tutti chiamati dopo i personaggi di Jane Austen. (웃음) 그들에게는 아이들이 있고, 아름다운 사람들과 결혼함으로써 유전 적 기적을 얻었습니다. 그래서 그들의 할머니는 Gertrude Stein처럼 보이고, 그들의 딸은 Halle Berry처럼 보입니다. 그들은 거기에 도착하여 천장 높이보다 3 배나 큰 개를 키우는 것이 유행이라는 사실을 깨달았습니다. (Risos) Eles têm seus próprios filhos e alcançaram um milagre genético ao se casarem com pessoas bonitas, então suas avós parecem Gertrude Stein, suas filhas parecem Halle Berry - não sei como fizeram isso .Eles chegam lá e percebem que está na moda agora ter cães com um terço da altura do seu teto. Então eles têm esses cães peludos de 160 libras - todos parecem velociraptors, todos com nomes de personagens de Jane Austen. (Смех) У них есть собственные дети, и они достигли генетического чуда, женившись на красивых людях, поэтому их бабушки похожи на Гертруду Стайн, их дочери - на Холли Берри - я не знаю, как они это сделали. Они добираются туда и понимают, что сейчас модно заводить собак на треть выше вашего потолка. Итак, у них есть эти пушистые 160-фунтовые собаки - все они выглядят как велоцирапторы, все названы в честь персонажей Джейн Остин. (笑声)他们有自己的孩子,他们通过嫁给漂亮的人创造了基因奇迹,所以他们的祖母看起来像格特鲁德斯坦,他们的女儿看起来像哈莉贝瑞——我不知道他们是怎么做到的. 他们到了那里,他们意识到现在养狗是天花板高度的三分之一是很时髦的。所以他们养了这些毛茸茸的 160 磅重的狗——看起来都像迅猛龙,都以简·奥斯汀的角色命名。

And then when they get old, they haven’t really developed a philosophy of life,but they’ve decided, "I’ve been successful at everything;I’m just not going to die. Y luego, cuando envejecen, realmente no han desarrollado una filosofía de vida, pero decidieron: "He tenido éxito en todo; simplemente no voy a morir". А потом, когда они состарились, они не разработали философию жизни, но они решили: «Я был успешен во всем, я просто не собираюсь умирать. 然后当他们变老时,他们并没有真正发展出一种生活哲学,但他们已经决定,“我在每件事上都很成功;我只是不想死。 "And so they hire personal trainers;they’re popping Cialis like breath mints.You see them on the mountains up there.They’re cross-country skiing up the mountain with these grim expressions that make Dick Cheney look like Jerry Lewis. "그래서 그들은 개인 트레이너를 고용합니다. 그들은 시알리스를 호흡 용 박하처럼 튀기고 있습니다. 당신은 산 위에서 볼 수 있습니다. 그들은 딕 체니를 제리 루이스처럼 보이게 만드는이 끔찍한 표정으로 산을 건너가고 있습니다. «И поэтому они нанимают личных тренеров; они пьют сиалис, как мятные леденцы. Вы видите их там в горах. Они катаются на беговых лыжах в горы с этими мрачными выражениями лица, которые делают Дика Чейни похожим на Джерри Льюиса. “所以他们聘请了私人教练;他们像薄荷糖一样弹出 Cialis。你在山上看到他们。他们在山上越野滑雪,这些冷酷的表情让迪克·切尼看起来像杰里·刘易斯。 (Laughter)And as they whiz by you,it’s like being passed by a little iron Raisinet going up the hill. (Risas) Y mientras pasan cerca de ti, es como pasar por un poco de hierro Raisinet subiendo la colina. (Rires) Et comme ils sifflent près de vous, c'est comme être passé par un petit Raisinet de fer qui monte la colline. (Risate) E mentre ti sfrecciano accanto, è come essere passati da un piccolo Raisinet di ferro che sale su per la collina. (웃음) 그리고 그들이 당신에게 as 거리는 것처럼, 언덕 위로 올라가는 작은 철 Raisinet을 지나가는 것과 같습니다. (Risos) E quando eles passam zunindo por você, é como ser passado por um pequeno Raisinet de ferro subindo a colina. (Смех) И пока они проносятся мимо вас, это как будто проезжают мимо маленького железного изюма, поднимающегося в гору. (笑声)当他们从你身边呼啸而过时,就像被一个小铁丝网从山上经过。

(Laughter)

And so this is part of what life is,but it’s not all of what life is.And over the past few years,I think we’ve been given a deeper view of human nature and a deeper view of who we are.And it’s not based on theology or philosophy,it’s in the study of the mind,across all these spheres of research,from neuroscience to the cognitive scientists,behavioral economists, psychologists,sociology,we’re developing a revolution in consciousness.And when you synthesize it all,it’s giving us a new view of human nature.And far from being a coldly materialistic view of nature,it’s a new humanism, it’s a new enchantment.And I think when you synthesize this research,you start with three key insights. Y entonces esto es parte de lo que es la vida, pero no es todo lo que es la vida. Y en los últimos años, creo que se nos ha dado una visión más profunda de la naturaleza humana y una visión más profunda de quiénes somos. no basado en teología o filosofía, está en el estudio de la mente, a través de todas estas esferas de investigación, desde la neurociencia a los científicos cognitivos, economistas del comportamiento, psicólogos, sociología, estamos desarrollando una revolución en la conciencia. Y cuando lo sintetizan todo, nos da una nueva visión de la naturaleza humana. Y, lejos de ser una visión fríamente materialista de la naturaleza, es un nuevo humanismo, es un nuevo encanto. Y creo que cuando sintetizamos esta investigación, comenzamos con tres ideas clave. E quindi questo fa parte di ciò che è la vita, ma non è tutto ciò che è la vita e negli ultimi anni, penso che ci sia stata data una visione più profonda della natura umana e una visione più profonda di chi siamo. non basato sulla teologia o la filosofia, è nello studio della mente, in tutti questi ambiti di ricerca, dalle neuroscienze agli scienziati cognitivi, agli economisti comportamentali, agli psicologi, alla sociologia, stiamo sviluppando una rivoluzione nella coscienza. tutto, ci sta dando una nuova visione della natura umana e, lungi dall'essere una visione freddamente materialista della natura, è un nuovo umanesimo, è un nuovo incantesimo e penso che quando sintetizzi questa ricerca, inizi con tre intuizioni chiave. E isso faz parte do que a vida é, mas não é tudo do que a vida é. E, nos últimos anos, acho que recebemos uma visão mais profunda da natureza humana e de quem somos. E é não com base na teologia ou filosofia, está no estudo da mente, em todas essas esferas de pesquisa, da neurociência aos cientistas cognitivos, economistas comportamentais, psicólogos, sociologia, estamos desenvolvendo uma revolução na consciência. E quando você a sintetiza tudo, está nos dando uma nova visão da natureza humana. E, longe de ser uma visão fria e materialista da natureza, é um novo humanismo, é um novo encantamento. E acho que quando você sintetiza essa pesquisa, começa com três percepções principais. Итак, это часть того, что такое жизнь, но это не все, что такое жизнь. И за последние несколько лет, я думаю, нам дали более глубокое представление о человеческой природе и более глубокое представление о том, кто мы есть. не основанный на теологии или философии, это исследование разума, во всех этих сферах исследований, от неврологии до когнитивистов, поведенческих экономистов, психологов, социологии, мы совершаем революцию в сознании. И когда вы синтезируете это все это дает нам новый взгляд на человеческую природу. И это далеко не холодный материалистический взгляд на природу, это новый гуманизм, это новое очарование. И я думаю, когда вы обобщаете это исследование, вы начинаете с трех ключевых идей. 所以这是生活的一部分,但不是生活的全部。在过去的几年里,我认为我们已经对人性有了更深入的了解,对我们是谁有了更深入的了解。不是基于神学或哲学,而是对心灵的研究,跨越所有这些研究领域,从神经科学到认知科学家、行为经济学家、心理学家、社会学,我们正在发展一场意识革命。当你综合它时总而言之,它让我们对人性有了新的看法。远非冷酷的唯物主义自然观,它是一种新的人文主义,是一种新的魅力。我认为当你综合这项研究时,你会从三个关键见解开始。

The first insight is that while the conscious mind writes the autobiography of our species,the unconscious mind does most of the work.And so one way to formulate that is the human mind can take in millions of pieces of information a minute,of which it can be consciously aware of about 40.And this leads to oddities.One of my favorite is that people named Dennisare disproportionately likely to become dentists,people named Lawrence become lawyers,because unconsciously we gravitate toward things that sound familiar,which is why I named my daughter President of the United States Brooks. O primeiro insight é que enquanto a mente consciente escreve a autobiografia de nossa espécie, a mente inconsciente faz a maior parte do trabalho. Portanto, uma forma de formular isso é a mente humana pode receber milhões de informações por minuto, das quais pode estar conscientemente ciente de cerca de 40. E isso leva a estranhezas. Uma das minhas favoritas é que pessoas chamadas Dennis têm uma probabilidade desproporcional de se tornarem dentistas, pessoas chamadas Lawrence tornam-se advogados, porque inconscientemente gravitamos em torno de coisas que parecem familiares, por isso eu mencionei minha filha, Presidente dos Estados Unidos Brooks. Первое понимание состоит в том, что в то время как сознательный разум пишет автобиографию нашего вида, бессознательный разум выполняет большую часть работы, и поэтому один из способов сформулировать это состоит в том, что человеческий разум может воспринимать миллионы единиц информации в минуту, из которых он можно сознательно осознавать около 40. И это приводит к странностям. Одно из моих любимых - то, что люди по имени Деннис с непропорционально высокой вероятностью станут стоматологами, люди по имени Лоуренс станут юристами, потому что подсознательно мы тяготеем к вещам, которые кажутся знакомыми, поэтому я моя дочь президент США Брукс. 第一个见解是,当有意识的头脑写下我们物种的自传时,无意识的头脑完成了大部分工作。因此,一种表述方式是人类的头脑每分钟可以接收数百万条信息,其中它可以有意识地意识到大约 40。这会导致奇怪。我最喜欢的一个是叫丹尼斯的人成为牙医的可能性不成比例,叫劳伦斯的人成为律师,因为我们无意识地被听起来熟悉的东西所吸引,这就是我命名的原因我的女儿是美国总统布鲁克斯。 (Laughter)Another finding is that the unconscious,far from being dumb and sexualized,is actually quite smart.So one of the most cognitively demanding things we do is buy furniture.It’s really hard to imagine a sofa, how it’s going to look in your house.And the way you should do tha tis study the furniture,let it marinate in your mind, distract yourself,and then a few days later, go with your gut,because unconsciously you’ve figured it out. (Risas) Otro hallazgo es que el inconsciente, lejos de ser tonto y sexualizado, es en realidad bastante inteligente. Así que una de las cosas que más cognitivamente exigimos es comprar muebles. Es muy difícil imaginar un sofá, cómo se verá. su casa. Y la forma en que debe hacer esto es estudiar los muebles, dejar que se marine en su mente, distraerse, y luego, unos días más tarde, seguir con su instinto, porque inconscientemente lo ha descubierto. (Risate) Un'altra scoperta è che l'inconscio, lungi dall'essere stupido e sessualizzato, è in realtà piuttosto intelligente, quindi una delle cose più impegnative dal punto di vista cognitivo che facciamo è comprare mobili. E il modo in cui dovresti farlo è studiare i mobili, lasciarli marinare nella tua mente, distrarti e poi, pochi giorni dopo, seguire il tuo istinto, perché inconsciamente l'hai capito. (웃음) 또 다른 발견은 무의식이 멍청하고 성적인 것이 아니라 실제로 똑똑하다는 것입니다. 그래서 우리가 가장인지 적으로 요구하는 것 중 하나는 가구를 구입하는 것입니다. 소파를 상상하기는 정말 어렵습니다. 무의식적으로 당신이 알아 차렸 기 때문에 가구를 연구하고, 마음에 담그고,주의를 산만하게하고, 며칠 후에, 장과 함께 가야합니다. (Risos) Outra descoberta é que o inconsciente, longe de ser burro e sexualizado, é na verdade bastante inteligente. Então, uma das coisas mais exigentes do ponto de vista cognitivo que fazemos é comprar móveis. É realmente difícil imaginar um sofá, como vai ficar sua casa. E a maneira como você deve fazer isso é estudar a mobília, deixá-la marinar em sua mente, distrair-se e, alguns dias depois, ir com sua intuição, porque inconscientemente você descobriu. (Смех) Еще одно открытие заключается в том, что бессознательное, далеко не тупое и сексуализированное, на самом деле довольно умное. Поэтому одна из самых когнитивно требовательных вещей, которые мы делаем, - это покупка мебели. Очень сложно представить диван, как он будет выглядеть. И вот способ, которым вы должны это делать, - это изучить мебель, позволить ей замариноваться в вашем уме, отвлечь себя, а затем, через несколько дней, действовать интуитивно, потому что вы подсознательно это поняли. (笑声)另一个发现是无意识的,远非愚蠢和性感,实际上是相当聪明的。所以我们做的最需要认知的事情之一就是买家具。真的很难想象一张沙发,它会是什么样子你的房子。还有你应该研究家具的方式,让它在你的脑海里腌制,分散你的注意力,然后几天后,凭直觉走,因为不知不觉你已经想通了。

The second insight is that emotions are at the center of our thinking.People with strokes and lesions in the emotion-processing parts of the brainare not super smart,they’re actually sometimes quite helpless.And the "giant" in the field is in the room tonight and is speaking tomorrow morning -- Antonio Damasio.And one of the things he’s really shown us is that emotions are not separate from reason,but they are the foundation of reason because they tell us what to value.And so reading and educating your emotionsis one of the central activities of wisdom. La segunda idea es que las emociones están en el centro de nuestro pensamiento. Las personas con accidentes cerebrovasculares y lesiones en las partes del cerebro que procesan las emociones no son muy inteligentes, en realidad a veces son bastante indefensas. Y el "gigante" en el campo está en La sala esta noche y hablará mañana por la mañana: Antonio Damasio. Y una de las cosas que realmente nos mostró es que las emociones no están separadas de la razón, sino que son la base de la razón porque nos dicen qué valorar. Y así, leer y educar tus emociones es una de las actividades centrales de la sabiduría. La seconda intuizione è che le emozioni sono al centro del nostro pensiero. Le persone con ictus e lesioni nelle parti del cervello che elaborano le emozioni non sono super intelligenti, in realtà a volte sono piuttosto indifese. E il "gigante" nel campo è in la stanza stasera e si parla domani mattina - Antonio Damasio. E una delle cose che ci ha davvero mostrato è che le emozioni non sono separate dalla ragione, ma sono il fondamento della ragione perché ci dicono cosa valorizzare. educare le tue emozioni è una delle attività centrali della saggezza. O segundo insight é que as emoções estão no centro do nosso pensamento. Pessoas com derrames e lesões nas partes do cérebro que processam emoções não são superinteligentes; na verdade, às vezes ficam bastante desamparadas. o quarto esta noite e fala amanhã de manhã - Antonio Damasio. E uma das coisas que ele realmente nos mostrou é que as emoções não estão separadas da razão, mas são a base da razão porque nos dizem o que valorizar. educar suas emoções é uma das atividades centrais da sabedoria. Второе понимание заключается в том, что эмоции находятся в центре нашего мышления. Люди с инсультами и повреждениями в частях мозга, обрабатывающих эмоции, не очень умны, они на самом деле иногда совершенно беспомощны. И «гигант» в этой области находится в сегодня вечером в зале, а завтра утром - Антонио Дамасио. И одна из вещей, которые он действительно показал нам, это то, что эмоции неотделимы от разума, но они являются основой разума, потому что они говорят нам, что ценить. воспитание своих эмоций - одно из центральных занятий мудрости. 第二个洞见是情绪是我们思考的中心。大脑情绪处理部分中风和损伤的人不是很聪明,他们实际上有时很无助。而这个领域的“巨人”在今晚在房间里,明天早上演讲——安东尼奥·达马西奥。他真正向我们展示的一件事是情绪与理性是分不开的,但它们是理性的基础,因为它们告诉我们要重视什么。所以阅读和教育你的情绪是智慧的核心活动之一。 Now I’m a middle-aged guy.I’m not exactly comfortable with emotions.One of my favorite brain stories described these middle-aged guys.They put them into a brain scan machine --this is apocryphal by the way, but I don’t care --and they had them watch a horror movie,and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives.And the brain scans were identical in both activities.It was just sheer terror.So me talking about emotionis like Gandhi talking about gluttony,but it is the central organizing process of the way we think.It tells us what to imprint.The brain is the record of the feelings of a life. Ahora soy un chico de mediana edad. No estoy exactamente cómodo con las emociones. Una de mis historias favoritas del cerebro describió a estos chicos de mediana edad. Los puso en una máquina de escaneo cerebral: esto es apócrifo, por cierto, pero No me importa, y les hicieron ver una película de terror, y luego les hicieron describir sus sentimientos hacia sus esposas. Y las exploraciones cerebrales eran idénticas en ambas actividades. Era puro terror. Así que hablar de emociones es como Gandhi habla de la gula, pero es el proceso central de organización de la manera en que pensamos. Nos dice qué imprimir. El cerebro es el registro de los sentimientos de una vida. Ora sono un ragazzo di mezza età, non sono esattamente a mio agio con le emozioni, una delle mie storie cerebrali preferite descriveva questi ragazzi di mezza età, li hanno inseriti in una macchina per la scansione del cervello, questo è apocrifo, ma Non mi interessa, e gli hanno fatto guardare un film dell'orrore, e poi hanno chiesto loro di descrivere i loro sentimenti verso le loro mogli. Gandhi parla di gola, ma è il processo di organizzazione centrale del nostro modo di pensare, ci dice cosa imprimere, il cervello è la registrazione dei sentimenti di una vita. Agora sou um cara de meia-idade. Não me sinto exatamente confortável com emoções. Uma das minhas histórias favoritas do cérebro descreveu esses caras de meia-idade. Eles os colocaram em uma máquina de varredura cerebral - isso é apócrifo, a propósito, mas Eu não me importo - e eles os fizeram assistir a um filme de terror, e então eles descreveram seus sentimentos em relação às suas esposas. E as varreduras cerebrais foram idênticas em ambas as atividades. Foi apenas puro terror. Então, eu falando sobre emoção é como Gandhi falando sobre a gula, mas é o processo central de organização da maneira como pensamos. Ela nos diz o que imprimir. O cérebro é o registro dos sentimentos de uma vida. Теперь я парень средних лет. Меня не совсем устраивают эмоции. В одной из моих любимых историй о мозге описывались эти парни среднего возраста. Они поместили их в сканер мозга - это, кстати, апокриф, но Мне все равно - и они попросили их посмотреть фильм ужасов, а затем они попросили их описать свои чувства по отношению к своим женам. И сканирование мозга было идентичным в обоих случаях. Это был просто ужас. Так что я говорю об эмоциях как Ганди говорит о чревоугодии, но это центральный организующий процесс нашего мышления. Он говорит нам, что нужно запечатлеть. Мозг - это запись жизненных чувств. 现在我是一个中年人了。我对情绪不太适应。我最喜欢的一个大脑故事描述了这些中年人。他们把他们放进了脑部扫描仪——顺便说一句,这是杜撰的,但是我不在乎——他们让他们看一部恐怖电影,然后他们让他们描述他们对妻子的感受。两种活动的脑部扫描都是相同的。这只是纯粹的恐惧。所以我谈论情绪就像甘地谈论暴食,但它是我们思考方式的中心组织过程。它告诉我们要留下什么印记。大脑是生活感受的记录。

And the third insight is that we’re not primarily self-contained individuals.We’re social animals, not rational animals.We emerge out of relationships,and we are deeply interpenetrated, one with another.And so when we see another person,we reenact in our own minds what we see in their minds.When we watch a car chase in a movie,it’s almost as if we are subtly having a car chase.When we watch pornography,it’s a little like having sex,though probably not as good.And we see this when lovers walk down the street,when a crowd in Egypt or Tunisia gets caught up in an emotional contagion,the deep interpenetration.And this revolution in who we are gives us a different way of seeing, I think, politics,a different way, most importantly,of seeing human capital. E la terza intuizione è che non siamo principalmente individui autonomi, ma animali sociali, non animali razionali, emergiamo dalle relazioni e siamo profondamente compenetrati l'uno con l'altro e così quando vediamo un'altra persona, ricostruiamo nella nostra mente ciò che vediamo nelle loro menti.Quando guardiamo un inseguimento in macchina in un film, è quasi come se stessimo sottilmente facendo un inseguimento in macchina.Quando guardiamo la pornografia, è un po 'come fare sesso, anche se probabilmente no come buono E lo vediamo quando gli amanti camminano per strada, quando una folla in Egitto o in Tunisia viene coinvolta in un contagio emotivo, la profonda compenetrazione e questa rivoluzione in chi siamo ci dà un modo diverso di vedere, penso , politica, un modo diverso, soprattutto, di vedere il capitale umano. 세 번째 통찰력은 우리가 주로 자급 자족이 아니라 합리적 동물이 아닌 사회적인 동물이라는 것입니다. 우리는 관계에서 빠져 나와 서로 깊은 관계를 맺고 있습니다. 우리는 영화에서 자동차 추격전을 볼 때 마치 자동차 추격전을하는 것처럼 거의 똑같습니다. 포르노를 볼 때, 섹스를하는 것과는 조금 다릅니다. 애굽이나 튀니지의 군중이 감정적 인 전염, 깊은 상호 침투에 휩싸 일 때 연인들이 길을 걸을 때 우리는 이것을 본다. 정치는 인적 자본을 보는 가장 중요한 방법입니다. E o terceiro insight é que não somos basicamente indivíduos autocontidos. Somos animais sociais, não animais racionais. Emergimos de relacionamentos e estamos profundamente interpenetrados uns com os outros. E assim, quando vemos outra pessoa, reencenamos em nossas próprias mentes o que vemos em suas mentes. Quando assistimos a uma perseguição de carro em um filme, é quase como se estivéssemos sutilmente tendo uma perseguição de carro. Quando assistimos pornografia, é um pouco como fazer sexo, embora provavelmente não tão bom. E vemos isso quando os amantes caminham pela rua, quando uma multidão no Egito ou na Tunísia é pega em um contágio emocional, na profunda interpenetração. E essa revolução em quem somos nos dá uma maneira diferente de ver, eu acho , política, uma forma diferente, mais importante, de ver o capital humano. И третье понимание заключается в том, что мы в первую очередь не замкнутые личности. Мы социальные животные, а не рациональные животные. Мы выходим из отношений, и мы глубоко взаимопроникновены, и поэтому, когда мы видим другого человека, мы разыгрываем в наших умах, что мы видим в их minds.When мы наблюдаем погоню автомобилей в кино, это почти как если бы мы тонко иметь автомобиль chase.When мы смотрим порнографию, это немного похоже на секс, хотя, вероятно, не И мы видим это, когда влюбленные идут по улице, когда толпа в Египте или Тунисе попадает в ловушку эмоционального заражения, глубокого взаимопроникновения. И эта революция в том, кто мы есть, дает нам другой взгляд на вещи, я думаю , политика, другое, самое главное, взгляд на человеческий капитал. 第三个洞见是,我们主要不是自给自足的个体。我们是社会动物,而不是理性动物。我们脱离关系,我们深深地相互渗透,相互渗透。所以当我们看到另一个人时,我们在自己的脑海中重演我们在他们脑海中看到的东西。当我们看电影中的汽车追逐时,几乎就像我们在巧妙地追逐汽车。当我们看色情片时,它有点像做爱,虽然可能不是一样好。当恋人走在街上时,当埃及或突尼斯的人群陷入情感感染时,我们会看到这一点,深刻的相互渗透。而这场关于我们是谁的革命给了我们一种不同的看待方式,我想,政治,一种不同的方式,最重要的是,看待人力资本。

We are now children of the French Enlightenment.We believe that reason is the highest of the faculties.But I think this research shows that the British Enlightenment, or the Scottish Enlightenment,with David Hume, Adam Smith,actually had a better handle on who we are --that reason is often weak, our sentiments are strong,and our sentiments are often trustworthy.And this work corrects that bias in our culture,that dehumanizing bias.It gives us a deeper sense of what it actually takesfor us to thrive in this life.When we think about human capital we think about the things we can measure easily --things like grades, SAT’s, degrees,the number of years in schooling.What it really takes to do well, to lead a meaningful life,are things that are deeper,things we don’t really even have words for.And so let me list just a couple of the things I think this research points us toward trying to understand. Ora siamo figli dell'Illuminismo francese e crediamo che la ragione sia la più alta delle facoltà, ma penso che questa ricerca dimostri che l'Illuminismo britannico, o l'Illuminismo scozzese, con David Hume, Adam Smith, in realtà avevano un migliore controllo su chi noi siamo - la ragione è spesso debole, i nostri sentimenti sono forti e i nostri sentimenti sono spesso degni di fiducia. E questo lavoro corregge quel pregiudizio nella nostra cultura, quel pregiudizio disumanizzante, ci dà un senso più profondo di ciò che effettivamente ci vuole per prosperare in questa vita Quando pensiamo al capitale umano, pensiamo alle cose che possiamo misurare facilmente: cose come voti, SAT, lauree, il numero di anni di scuola Cosa serve davvero per fare bene, per condurre una vita significativa, sono cose più profonde, cose per le quali non abbiamo nemmeno le parole, quindi lasciatemi elencare solo un paio di cose che penso che questa ricerca ci indichi a cercare di capire. Agora somos filhos do Iluminismo francês. Acreditamos que a razão é a mais alta das faculdades. Mas acho que esta pesquisa mostra que o Iluminismo britânico, ou o Iluminismo escocês, com David Hume, Adam Smith, na verdade tinha um controle melhor sobre quem nós somos - essa razão é muitas vezes fraca, nossos sentimentos são fortes e nossos sentimentos muitas vezes são confiáveis. E este trabalho corrige esse preconceito em nossa cultura, esse preconceito desumanizador. Ele nos dá uma noção mais profunda do que realmente é necessário para prosperarmos nesta vida. Quando pensamos sobre o capital humano, pensamos nas coisas que podemos medir facilmente - coisas como notas, SATs, graus, o número de anos de escolaridade. O que é realmente necessário para se sair bem, para ter uma vida significativa, são coisas mais profundas, coisas para as quais nem temos palavras. Então, deixe-me listar apenas algumas das coisas que acho que esta pesquisa nos indica que devemos tentar entender. Теперь мы дети французского Просвещения. Мы считаем, что разум является высшей из способностей. Но я думаю, что это исследование показывает, что британское Просвещение или шотландское Просвещение с Дэвидом Юмом и Адамом Смитом на самом деле лучше разбирались в том, кто мы - что разум часто слаб, наши чувства сильны и наши чувства часто заслуживают доверия. И эта работа исправляет эту предвзятость в нашей культуре, эту дегуманизирующую предвзятость. Она дает нам более глубокое понимание того, что на самом деле нужно для нашего процветания Когда мы думаем о человеческом капитале, мы думаем о вещах, которые мы можем легко измерить, таких как оценки, SAT, степени, количество лет в школе. что действительно нужно, чтобы преуспеть, чтобы вести осмысленную жизнь, это вещи более глубокие, для которых у нас даже нет слов. Позвольте мне перечислить лишь пару вещей, которые, как мне кажется, это исследование указывает нам на попытки понять. 我们现在是法国启蒙运动的孩子。我们认为理性是最高的。但我认为这项研究表明,英国启蒙运动或苏格兰启蒙运动与大卫休谟,亚当斯密,实际上对谁有更好的把握我们是——原因往往是软弱的,我们的情绪是强烈的,我们的情绪往往是值得信赖的。这项工作纠正了我们文化中的偏见,这种非人性化的偏见。它让我们更深入地了解我们真正需要什么才能茁壮成长当我们想到人力资本时,我们会想到我们可以轻松衡量的东西——比如成绩、SAT、学位、受教育年限。做好事、过有意义的生活真正需要什么,是更深层次的东西,我们甚至无法用言语表达的东西。所以让我列出一些我认为这项研究指向我们试图理解的东西。

The first gift, or talent, is mindsight --the ability to enter into other people’s minds and learn what they have to offer.Babies come with this ability.Meltzoff, who’s at the University of Washington,leaned over a baby who was 43 minutes old.He wagged his tongue at the baby.The baby wagged her tongue back.Babies are born to interpenetrate into Mom’s mindand to download what they find --their models of how to understand reality.In the United States, 55 percent of babies have a deep two-way conversation with Momand they learn models to how to relate to other people.And those people who have models of how to relate have a huge head start in life.Scientists at the University of Minnesota did a study in which they could predict with 77 percent accuracy, at age 18 months,who was going to graduate from high school,based on who had good attachment with mom.Twenty percent of kids do not have those relationships.They are what we call avoidantly attached.They have trouble relating to other people.They go through life like sailboats tacking into the wind --wanting to get close to people,but not really having the models of how to do that.And so this is one skill of how to hoover up knowledge, one from another. The first gift, or talent, is mindsight --the ability to enter into other people's minds and learn what they have to offer.Babies come with this ability.Meltzoff, who's at the University of Washington,leaned over a baby who was 43 minutes old.He wagged his tongue at the baby.The baby wagged her tongue back.Babies are born to interpenetrate into Mom's mindand to download what they find --their models of how to understand reality.In the United States, 55 percent of babies have a deep two-way conversation with Momand they learn models to how to relate to other people.And those people who have models of how to relate have a huge head start in life.Scientists at the University of Minnesota did a study in which they could predict with 77 percent accuracy, at age 18 months,who was going to graduate from high school,based on who had good attachment with mom.Twenty percent of kids do not have those relationships.They are what we call avoidantly attached.They have trouble relating to other people.They go through life like sailboats tacking into the wind --wanting to get close to people,but not really having the models of how to do that.And so this is one skill of how to hoover up knowledge, one from another. Il primo dono, o talento, è la vista mentale: la capacità di entrare nella mente di altre persone e imparare ciò che hanno da offrire.I bambini vengono con questa capacità.Meltzoff, che è all'Università di Washington, si è chinato su un bambino di 43 minuti Ha scodinzolato il bambino. Il bambino ha scodinzolato indietro. I bambini nascono per compenetrarsi nella mente della mamma e per scaricare ciò che trovano: i loro modelli di come capire la realtà. una profonda conversazione a doppio senso con la mamma e imparano modelli su come relazionarsi con le altre persone. E quelle persone che hanno modelli di come relazionarsi hanno un enorme vantaggio nella vita. Gli scienziati dell'Università del Minnesota hanno fatto uno studio in cui potevano prevedere con una precisione del 77%, all'età di 18 mesi, chi si sarebbe diplomato al liceo, in base a chi aveva un buon attaccamento con la mamma.Il 20% dei bambini non ha queste relazioni, sono ciò che chiamiamo attaccamento evitante. relative ad altre persone e. Vivono la vita come barche a vela che virano al vento, desiderosi di avvicinarsi alle persone, ma non hanno realmente i modelli su come farlo. E quindi questa è un'abilità di come raccogliere la conoscenza, l'una dall'altra. Первый дар или талант - это умозрение - способность проникать в умы других людей и узнавать то, что они могут предложить. Младенцы приходят с этой способностью. Мельцов из Вашингтонского университета наклонился над ребенком, которому было 43 минуты. Он погрозил ребенку языком. Ребенок вилял языком обратно. Младенцы рождены, чтобы проникать в сознание мамы и загружать то, что они находят, - свои модели понимания реальности. В Соединенных Штатах 55 процентов детей имеют Они изучают модели взаимоотношений с другими людьми, а те, у кого есть модели взаимоотношений, имеют огромное преимущество в жизни. Ученые из Университета Миннесоты провели исследование, в ходе которого они смогли Предсказать с 77-процентной точностью в возрасте 18 месяцев, кто собирался закончить среднюю школу, основываясь на том, у кого были хорошие отношения с мамой. У 20 процентов детей нет таких отношений. Их мы называем избегающей привязанностью. У них проблемы относящиеся к другим людям д. Они идут по жизни, как парусники, плывущие по ветру - желая приблизиться к людям, но на самом деле не имея моделей того, как это сделать. Так что это один из навыков, позволяющий извлекать знания одно из другого. 第一个天赋,或天赋,是洞察力——进入他人思想并了解他们所提供的能力的能力。婴儿具有这种能力。华盛顿大学的梅尔佐夫靠在一个 43 分钟大的婴儿身上老了。他对着婴儿摇了摇舌头。婴儿把她的舌头向后摇了。婴儿生来就是为了渗透到妈妈的脑海中,下载他们发现的东西——他们如何理解现实的模型。在美国,55% 的婴儿有与Mom进行深入的双向对话,他们学习如何与他人交往的模式。而那些拥有如何交往模式的人在生活中有一个巨大的开端。明尼苏达大学的科学家做了一项研究,他们可以以 77% 的准确率预测,在 18 个月大时,谁将从高中毕业,基于谁与妈妈有良好的依恋关系。20% 的孩子没有这些关系。他们是我们所说的回避依恋。他们有麻烦与其他人有关e.他们的生活就像迎风航行的帆船——想要亲近人,但没有真正做到这一点的模型。因此,这是一种如何从另一个知识中汲取知识的技能。

A second skill is equal poise,the ability to have the serenity to read the biases and failures in your own mind.So for example, we are overconfidence machines.Ninety-five percent of our professors report that they are above-average teachers.Ninety-six percent of college students say they have above-average social skills.Time magazine asked Americans, "Are you in the top one percent of earners? Una seconda abilità è l'equilibrio della parità, la capacità di avere la serenità di leggere i pregiudizi e gli insuccessi nella propria mente.Quindi, per esempio, siamo macchine di eccessiva fiducia.Il novantacinque per cento dei nostri professori afferma di essere insegnanti al di sopra della media. -il sei percento degli studenti universitari afferma di possedere capacità sociali superiori alla media. La rivista Time ha chiesto agli americani: "Sei nell'1 percento più alto dei guadagni? Второй навык - это уравновешенность, способность сохранять спокойствие, чтобы прочесть предубеждения и неудачи в собственном уме. Так, например, мы - машины самоуверенности. Девяносто пять процентов наших профессоров сообщают, что они учителя выше среднего. Шесть процентов студентов говорят, что их социальные навыки выше среднего. Журнал «Тайм» спросил американцев: «Вы входите в один процент лучших? 第二个技能是平衡,能够平静地阅读自己脑海中的偏见和失败。例如,我们是过度自信的机器。百分之九十五的教授报告说他们是高于平均水平的教师。九十- 6% 的大学生表示他们的社交技能高于平均水平。《时代》杂志问美国人:“你是收入最高的 1% 的人吗? "Nineteen percent of Americans are in the top one percent of earners. "Il 19% degli americani è nell'1% più ricco. (Laughter)This is a gender-linked trait, by the way.Men drown at twice the rate of women,because men think they can swim across that lake.But some people have the ability and awareness of their own biases, their own overconfidence.They have epistemological modesty.They are open-minded in the face of ambiguity.They are able to adjust strength of the conclusions to the strength of their evidence.They are curious.And these traits are often unrelated and uncorrelated with IQ. (Risate) Questo è un tratto legato al genere, tra l'altro: gli uomini annegano a una velocità doppia rispetto alle donne, perché gli uomini pensano di poter nuotare attraverso quel lago, ma alcune persone hanno la capacità e la consapevolezza dei propri pregiudizi, della propria eccessiva sicurezza. Hanno una modestia epistemologica, sono di mentalità aperta di fronte all'ambiguità, sono in grado di adattare la forza delle conclusioni alla forza delle loro prove, sono curiosi e questi tratti sono spesso estranei e non correlati con il QI. (웃음) 이것은 남녀 공통의 특성으로, 남성은 호수를 헤엄 칠 수 있다고 생각하기 때문에 여성의 두 배로 익사합니다. 그들은 인식 론적 겸손을 가지고 있으며, 모호함에 직면하여 개방적이며, 결론의 강도를 증거의 강도로 조정할 수 있습니다. (Смех) Это, кстати, гендерная черта: мужчины тонут в два раза чаще, чем женщины, потому что мужчины думают, что могут переплыть это озеро. Они обладают эпистемологической скромностью. Они непредубеждены перед лицом двусмысленности. Они могут подбирать силу выводов в соответствии с силой их доказательств. Они любопытны. И эти черты часто не связаны и не коррелируют с IQ. (笑声)顺便说一句,这是一个与性别有关的特征。男人溺水的几率是女人的两倍,因为男人认为他们可以游过那个湖。但是有些人有能力和意识到自己的偏见,他们自己的过度自信. 他们有认识论的谦虚。他们在模棱两可面前思想开放。他们能够根据证据的强度调整结论的强度。他们很好奇。而这些特征通常与智商无关和不相关。

The third trait is met is,what we might call street smarts -- it’s a Greek word.It’s a sensitivity to the physical environment,the ability to pick out patterns in an environment --derive a gist.One of my colleagues at the Times did a great story about soldiers in Iraq who could look down a street and detect somehow whether there was an IED, a landmine, in the street.They couldn’t tell you how they did it,but they could feel cold, they felt a coldness,and they were more often right than wrong.The third is what you might call sympathy,the ability to work within groups.And that comes in tremendously handy,because groups are smarter than individuals.And face-to-face groups are much smarter than groups that communicate electronically,because 90 percent of our communication is non-verbal.And the effectiveness of a group is not determined by the IQ of the group;it’s determined by how well they communicate,how often they take turns in conversation. La terza caratteristica che si incontra è quella che potremmo chiamare intelligenza di strada - è una parola greca: è una sensibilità all'ambiente fisico, la capacità di individuare schemi in un ambiente - ne deduce una sintesi. ha fatto una grande storia sui soldati in Iraq che potevano guardare in fondo alla strada e rilevare in qualche modo se c'era uno IED, una mina, nella strada. Non potevano dirti come l'hanno fatto, ma potevano sentire freddo, sentivano un freddezza, e avevano più spesso ragione che torto. Il terzo è ciò che potresti chiamare simpatia, la capacità di lavorare all'interno dei gruppi. E questo è estremamente utile, perché i gruppi sono più intelligenti degli individui. più intelligente dei gruppi che comunicano elettronicamente, perché il 90% della nostra comunicazione non è verbale e l'efficacia di un gruppo non è determinata dal QI del gruppo; è determinata da quanto bene comunicano, quanto spesso si alternano nella conversazione. Третья встречающаяся черта - это то, что мы могли бы назвать уличным умом - это греческое слово. Это чувствительность к физическому окружению, способность выделять закономерности в окружающей среде - вот суть. Один из моих коллег из Times сделали отличный рассказ о солдатах в Ираке, которые могли смотреть на улицу и каким-то образом определять, есть ли на улице СВУ или наземная мина. Они не могли рассказать вам, как они это сделали, но они могли чувствовать холод, они чувствовали холодность, и они чаще были правы, чем неправы. Третье - это то, что вы могли бы назвать сочувствием, способность работать внутри группы. И это очень удобно, потому что группы умнее отдельных людей. умнее, чем группы, которые общаются электронным способом, потому что 90 процентов нашего общения невербально. И эффективность группы определяется не IQ группы, а тем, насколько хорошо они общаются, как часто они по очереди разговаривают. 遇到的第三个特征是,我们可以称之为街头智慧——它是一个希腊词。它是对物理环境的敏感性,能够在环境中挑选出模式——推导出一个要点。我在《泰晤士报》的一位同事写了一个关于伊拉克士兵的精彩故事,他们可以俯视街道并以某种方式检测街道上是否有简易爆炸装置,地雷。他们无法告诉你他们是如何做到的,但他们会感到寒冷,他们感到冷酷,他们往往是对的而不是错的。第三个是你可能称之为同情的,在团队中工作的能力。这非常方便,因为群体比个人更聪明。面对面的群体很多比电子交流的小组更聪明,因为我们 90% 的交流是非语言的。而且小组的有效性不是由小组的智商决定的;它取决于他们沟通的好坏,他们轮流交谈的频率。

Then you could talk about a trait like blending.Any child can say, "I’m a tiger," pretend to be a tiger.It seems so elementary.But in fact, it’s phenomenally complicated to take a concept "I" and a concept "tiger"and blend them together.But this is the source of innovation.What Picasso did, for example,was take the concept "Western art"and the concept "African masks"and blend them together -- not only the geometry,but the moral systems entailed in them.And these are skills, again, we can’t count and measure. それから、ブレンドのような特性について話すことができます。どの子供も「私は虎だ」と言うことができますが、虎のふりをします。それはとても初歩的です。しかし、実際、「I」という概念をとるのは驚くほど複雑です。コンセプト「虎」とそれらをブレンドします。しかし、これが革新の源です。たとえば、ピカソがしたことは、コンセプト「西洋芸術」とコンセプト「アフリカのマスク」を採用し、それらをブレンドしました-ジオメトリだけでなく、しかし、それらには道徳体系が含まれています。そして、これらはスキルであり、繰り返しますが、数えることも測定することもできません。 Тогда вы можете говорить о такой черте, как смешение. Любой ребенок может сказать: «Я тигр», притвориться тигром. Это кажется таким элементарным. Но на самом деле феноменально сложно взять понятие «я» и концепт «тигр» и смешал их вместе. Но это источник инноваций. Пикассо, например, взял концепцию «западное искусство» и концепцию «африканские маски» и соединил их вместе - не только геометрию, но моральные системы, заложенные в них. И это навыки, опять же, мы не можем сосчитать и измерить. 然后你可以谈论一个特征,比如混合。任何孩子都可以说,“我是老虎”,假装是老虎。这看起来很初级。但实际上,将一个概念“我”和一个将“老虎”的概念融合在一起。但这就是创新的源泉。例如,毕加索所做的就是将“西方艺术”的概念和“非洲面具”的概念融合在一起——不仅是几何,但其中包含的道德体系。这些都是技能,我们无法计算和衡量。 And then the final thing I’ll mentionis something you might call limerence.And this is not an ability;it’s a drive and a motivation.The conscious mind hungers for success and prestige.The unconscious mind hungers for those moments of transcendence,when the skull line disappears and we are lost in a challenge or a task --when a craftsman feels lost in his craft,when a naturalist feels at one with nature,when a believer feels at one with God’s love.That is what the unconscious mind hungers for.And many of us feel it in lovewhen lovers feel fused. E poi l'ultima cosa che menzionerò è qualcosa che potresti chiamare limerence e questa non è un'abilità; è una spinta e una motivazione.La mente cosciente ha fame di successo e prestigio.La mente inconscia ha fame di quei momenti di trascendenza, quando il la linea del cranio scompare e siamo persi in una sfida o in un compito: quando un artigiano si sente perso nel suo mestiere, quando un naturalista si sente tutt'uno con la natura, quando un credente si sente tutt'uno con l'amore di Dio. per. E molti di noi lo sentono innamorato quando gli amanti si sentono fusi. そして、私が言及する最後の事柄は、あなたがlimerenceと呼ぶかもしれないものであり、そしてこれは能力ではありません;それはドライブとモチベーションです意識的な心は成功と威信を求めています意識のない心は超越の瞬間に飢えています頭蓋骨の線が消え、私たちは挑戦や仕事で失われます-職人が彼の工芸で失われたと感じたとき、自然主義者が自然と一体であると感じたとき、信者が神の愛で一体で感じたとき、それが無意識の心の飢えですそして、私たちの多くは、恋人が融合したと感じるとき、それを恋に感じます。 그리고 마지막으로 언급 할 것은 여러분이 리머 런스라고 부를 수있는 것입니다. 이것은 능력이 아닙니다. 구동과 동기입니다. 의식적인 마음은 성공과 명성에 굶주립니다. 무의식적 인 마음은 초월의 순간에 굶주립니다. 두개골 선이 사라지고 우리는 도전이나 과제에서 길을 잃습니다. 직업가가 공예품에서 길을 잃었을 때, 자연주의자가 자연과 하나를 느끼고, 신자가 하나님의 사랑과 하나를 느끼면 그리고 많은 사람들이 연인들이 융합 될 때 사랑에 빠집니다. И последнее, что я упомяну, это то, что вы могли бы назвать известностью. И это не способность; это побуждение и мотивация. Сознательный разум жаждет успеха и престижа. Бессознательный разум жаждет тех моментов трансцендентности, когда линия черепа исчезает, и мы теряемся в проблеме или задаче - когда ремесленник чувствует себя потерянным в своем ремесле, когда натуралист ощущает единство с природой, когда верующий чувствует единство с любовью Бога. И многие из нас чувствуют это в любви, когда влюбленные сливаются. 然后我要提到的最后一件事是你可能称之为limerence的东西。这不是一种能力;它是一种动力和动力。有意识的头脑渴望成功和声望。无意识的头脑渴望那些超越的时刻,当头骨线消失了,我们迷失在挑战或任务中——当工匠感到迷失在他的手艺中时,当博物学家感到与自然融为一体时,当一个信徒感到与上帝的爱融为一体时。这就是潜意识所渴望的因为当恋人感到融洽时,我们中的许多人都会在爱中感受到它。

And one of the most beautiful descriptions I’ve come across in this research of how minds interpenetrate was written by a great theorist and scientist named Douglas Hofstadter at the University of Indiana.He was married to a woman named Carol,and they had a wonderful relationship.When their kids were five and two,Carol had a stroke and a brain tumor and died suddenly.And Hofstadter wrote a book called "I Am a Strange Loop. E una delle descrizioni più belle in cui mi sono imbattuto in questa ricerca su come le menti si compenetrano è stata scritta da un grande teorico e scienziato di nome Douglas Hofstadter dell'Università dell'Indiana, che era sposato con una donna di nome Carol e hanno avuto un meraviglioso Quando i loro figli avevano cinque e due anni, Carol ebbe un ictus e un tumore al cervello e morì improvvisamente. Hofstadter scrisse un libro intitolato "I Am a Strange Loop. E uma das mais belas descrições que encontrei nesta pesquisa de como as mentes se interpenetram foi escrita por um grande teórico e cientista chamado Douglas Hofstadter, da Universidade de Indiana. Ele era casado com uma mulher chamada Carol, e eles tinham um maravilhoso Quando seus filhos tinham cinco e dois anos, Carol teve um derrame e um tumor cerebral e morreu repentinamente. E Hofstadter escreveu um livro chamado "I Am a Strange Loop. И одно из самых прекрасных описаний, с которыми я столкнулся в этом исследовании взаимопроникновения умов, было написано великим теоретиком и ученым по имени Дуглас Хофштадтер из Университета Индианы. Он был женат на женщине по имени Кэрол, и они прекрасно провели время. Когда их детям было пять и два года, у Кэрол случился инсульт и опухоль мозга, и она внезапно умерла. А Хофштадтер написал книгу под названием «Я - странная петля». 在这项关于思想如何相互渗透的研究中,我遇到的最美丽的描述之一是印第安纳大学一位名叫道格拉斯霍夫施塔特的伟大理论家和科学家写的。他娶了一个名叫卡罗尔的女人,他们有一个美好的关系。他们的孩子五岁和两岁时,卡罗尔中风和脑瘤突然死亡。霍夫施塔特写了一本书,叫做《我是一个奇怪的循环》。 "In the course of that book, he describes a moment --just months after Carol has died --he comes across her picture on the mantel,or on a bureau in his bedroom. "En el curso de ese libro, él describe un momento, apenas meses después de que Carol haya muerto, se encuentra con su foto en la repisa o en una oficina en su habitación. "Nel corso di quel libro, descrive un momento - pochi mesi dopo la morte di Carol - in cui si imbatte nella sua foto sulla mensola del camino o su un comò nella sua camera da letto. В этой книге он описывает момент - всего через несколько месяцев после смерти Кэрол - он наткнулся на ее фотографию на каминной полке или на комоде в своей спальне. “在那本书的过程中,他描述了一个时刻——就在卡罗尔去世几个月后——他在壁炉架上或在他卧室的一个柜子上看到了她的照片。 And here’s what he wrote:"I looked at her face,and I looked so deeply that I felt I was behind her eyes.And all at once I found myself saying as tears flowed,'That’s me. Ed ecco cosa ha scritto: "Ho guardato il suo viso, e l'ho guardato così profondamente che ho sentito di essere dietro i suoi occhi. E all'improvviso mi sono ritrovato a dire mentre le lacrime scorrevano: 'Sono io. "그녀의 얼굴을 보았고, 나는 그녀의 눈 뒤에 있다는 느낌을 너무 깊이 보았고, 한 번에 눈물이 흘렀다. И вот что он написал: «Я посмотрел на ее лицо и посмотрел так глубоко, что почувствовал, что нахожусь за ее глазами. И вдруг я обнаружил, что говорю, когда текли слезы:« Это я ». 他是这样写的:“我看着她的脸,我看得太深了,我觉得我在她的眼睛后面。突然间,我发现自己泪流满面地说,‘那就是我。 That’s me. 'And those simple words brought back many thoughts that I had had before,about the fusion of our soulsinto one higher-level entity,about the fact that at the core of both our soulslay our identical hopes and dreams for our children,about the notion that those hopes were not separate or distinct hopes,but were just one hope,one clear thing that defined us both,that welded us into a unit -- the kind of unit I had but dimly imagined before being married and having children.I realized that, though Carol had died,that core piece of her had not died at all,but had lived on very determinedly in my brain. " E quelle semplici parole mi hanno riportato alla mente molti pensieri che avevo avuto prima, sulla fusione delle nostre anime in un'entità di livello superiore, sul fatto che al centro di entrambe le nostre anime giacciono le nostre identiche speranze e sogni per i nostri figli, sul che quelle speranze non erano speranze separate o distinte, ma erano solo una speranza, una cosa chiara che ci definiva entrambi, che ci univa in un'unità - il tipo di unità che avevo ma vagamente immaginato prima di essere sposato e avere figli. che, sebbene Carol fosse morta, quel pezzo centrale di lei non era affatto morto, ma era sopravvissuto in modo molto determinato nel mio cervello. " '그리고 그 간단한 말은 우리 영혼의 핵심을 하나의 상위 실체로 융합시키는 것에 대해, 이전에 우리가 생각했던 많은 생각을 가져 왔습니다. 그러한 희망은 별개의 또는 분명한 희망이 아니라, 단지 하나의 희망, 우리 둘을 정의한 분명한 것, 우리를 하나의 단위로 용접 시켰습니다. 캐롤은 죽었지 만, 그녀의 핵심 부분은 전혀 죽지 않았지만, 내 두뇌에서 매우 결정적으로 살았습니다. " И эти простые слова вернули многие мысли, которые у меня были раньше, о слиянии наших душ в одну сущность более высокого уровня, о том факте, что в основе обеих наших душ лежат наши идентичные надежды и мечты о наших детях, о понятии что эти надежды не были отдельными или отдельными надеждами, а были всего лишь одной надеждой, одной ясной вещью, которая определяла нас обоих, объединяла нас в единое целое - такое единство, которое я только смутно представлял до того, как женился и завел детей. что, хотя Кэрол и умерла, эта ее основная часть вовсе не умерла, а очень решительно жила в моем мозгу. " “那些简单的话让我想起了我以前的许多想法,关于我们的灵魂融合成一个更高层次的实体,关于我们两个灵魂的核心为我们的孩子拥有相同的希望和梦想的事实,关于这个概念那些希望不是单独的或不同的希望,而只是一个希望,一个明确的定义我们俩的东西,将我们焊接成一个整体——那种我在结婚和生孩子之前有过但模糊想象的整体。我意识到那个,虽然卡罗尔死了,但她的那块核心根本没有死,而是非常坚定地活在我的脑海里。 " The Greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom.Through his suffering, Hofstadter understood how deeply interpenetrated we are.Through the policy failures of the last 30 years,we have come to acknowledge, I think,how shallow our view of human nature has been.And now as we confront that shallowness and the failures that derive from our inability to get the depths of who we are,comes this revolution in consciousness -- these people in so many fields exploring the depth of our nature and coming away with this enchanted,this new humanism.And when Freud discovered his sense of the unconscious,it had a vast effect on the climate of the times.Now we are discovering a more accurate vision of the unconscious, of who we are deep inside,and it’s going to have a wonderful and profound and humanizing effect on our culture. Los griegos dicen que sufrimos nuestro camino a la sabiduría. A través de su sufrimiento, Hofstadter comprendió cuán profundamente interpenetrados somos. A través de los fracasos de las políticas de los últimos 30 años, hemos llegado a reconocer, creo, cuán superficial ha sido nuestra visión de la naturaleza humana. . Y ahora que nos enfrentamos a esa superficialidad y los fracasos que se derivan de nuestra incapacidad para obtener la profundidad de lo que somos, viene esta revolución en la conciencia: estas personas en tantos campos exploran la profundidad de nuestra naturaleza y salen con este encantado. , este nuevo humanismo. Y cuando Freud descubrió su sentido del inconsciente, tuvo un vasto efecto sobre el clima de los tiempos. Ahora estamos descubriendo una visión más precisa del inconsciente, de quiénes somos en lo más profundo, y se va a Tiene un efecto maravilloso, profundo y humanizador en nuestra cultura. I greci dicono che soffriamo la nostra strada verso la saggezza. Attraverso la sua sofferenza, Hofstadter ha capito quanto siamo profondamente compenetrati. Attraverso i fallimenti politici degli ultimi 30 anni, siamo arrivati a riconoscere, penso, quanto sia stata superficiale la nostra visione della natura umana. E ora, mentre affrontiamo quella superficialità e i fallimenti che derivano dalla nostra incapacità di ottenere le profondità di ciò che siamo, arriva questa rivoluzione nella coscienza: queste persone in così tanti campi esplorano la profondità della nostra natura e se ne vanno con questo incantato , questo nuovo umanesimo. E quando Freud scoprì il suo senso dell'inconscio, ebbe un enorme effetto sul clima dei tempi. Ora stiamo scoprendo una visione più accurata dell'inconscio, di chi siamo nel profondo, e sta per hanno un effetto meraviglioso, profondo e umanizzante sulla nostra cultura. Греки говорят, что мы страдаем на пути к мудрости. Через свои страдания Хофштадтер понял, насколько глубоко мы взаимопроникновены. Из-за политических неудач последних 30 лет мы пришли к признанию, я думаю, насколько поверхностным был наш взгляд на человеческую природу. И теперь, когда мы противостоим этой поверхностности и неудачам, которые проистекают из нашей неспособности постичь глубину того, кем мы являемся, происходит настоящая революция в сознании - эти люди во многих областях исследуют глубины нашей природы и уходят с этим очарованным. Это новый гуманизм. И когда Фрейд открыл свое чувство бессознательного, это оказало огромное влияние на климат времени. Теперь мы открываем более точное видение бессознательного, того, кто мы глубоко внутри, и это поможет оказывают чудесное, глубокое и очеловечивающее влияние на нашу культуру. 希腊人说我们通过苦难获得智慧。通过他的苦难,霍夫施塔特明白我们是多么深刻地相互渗透。通过过去 30 年的政策失败,我们已经开始承认,我认为,我们对人性的看法是多么肤浅.现在,当我们面对由于我们无法深入了解自己而导致的肤浅和失败时,意识的革命就来了——这些人在许多领域探索我们本性的深度,并带着这种迷人的,这种新的人文主义。当弗洛伊德发现他对无意识的感觉时,它对时代的气候产生了巨大的影响。现在我们正在发现对无意识的更准确的看法,我们内心深处是谁,它将会对我们的文化产生了奇妙而深刻和人性化的影响。

Thank you.

(Applause)