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French History for English Children, 03. Gaul a Roman Province

03. Gaul a Roman Province

CHAPTER III. Gaul a Roman Province (B.C. 70 - 250 A.D.)

When Cæsar was made Consul, or chief ruler in Rome, he had no more time to attend to the Gauls; but many of the Romans stayed in Gaul, and built or conquered cities there, and lived under Roman laws. They taught the Gauls who lived near them to talk their own language, Latin; and most of the words which the French use now are so much like Latin that a person knowing one of these languages finds it a great help in understanding the other. The Gauls improved in many ways; they learned to dress like the Romans, to build their houses of stone and marble instead of wood and earth, and to make roads through their thick forests, so that it might be easy to go from one part of the country to another. Many schools and colleges were set up, and the Gauls learned to read Latin, and also studied law and science, and whatever else the Romans would teach them. Many Gauls changed their old names and took Roman ones.

When the Gauls began going to the Roman colleges, and reading Latin books, they left off caring to be taught by the Druids, for the Druids had no books, but learned everything by heart, and knew much less than the Romans. By degrees the people left off believing in the Druids and their old gods altogether, and determined to worship the same gods as the Romans; the Roman priests took for themselves the riches of the Druids, and the Druids hid themselves in wild parts of the country, and were at last forgotten by the people. In some parts of England and Ireland and France, we still see the circles of stones, or the curious piles of four stones, called cromlechs or dolmens, three stones standing round, and one lying on the top, which mark the places where the Druids sacrificed in old days.

The Gauls lived thus peacefully for about three hundred years; they came to be considered as Roman subjects, and the Romans helped them whenever they were attacked by any of the fierce German tribes who lived on the other side of the Rhine. These tribes were(, as I said before,) very wild and ignorant, loving nothing so well as war, and (apt sometimes) <liking especially> to come into Gaul and carry off anything they could find, food or goods or treasures, from the people. The most important thing that happened to the Gauls during this time was that many of them became Christians. Men came from Italy to teach them about the one God in whom we now believe, and many, both of the Romans and the Gauls, listened to them, believed what they said, and left off praying to idols and sacrificing to their gods. The other Gauls were at first angry at this change, drove the Christians out of the towns, and put some of them to death; but by degrees more and more of them began to believe the new teaching, till at last all the country became Christian.

Each city had a bishop, the old Roman temples were turned into churches, and figures of the Apostles were set up instead of the statues of the old Roman emperors. By this time every one had left off speaking the Gallic language, and the Gauls used a kind of bad Latin, which at last became French, a good deal like what is now spoken in France. The Gauls, during all these years, seemed to be growing more and more wise and happy, and to be improving in every way; but the people were really not happy, for the Romans (expected) <required> them to pay great sums of money, which were spent, not in Gaul, but in Rome, for the Roman emperor to pay his army <with>, or <to> use in whatever way he chose. The Gauls knew that it would be of no use to refuse to pay the money, for the Romans were stronger than they; but when they paid it they had very little left for themselves, and this made them dislike the Romans, who were themselves growing poorer and weaker, and less brave and wise, every year. Another reason for the unhappiness of the Gauls was that a great number of them were slaves, and were very badly treated by their masters, who often went away to amuse themselves at Rome or other great towns, leaving the poor slaves, with very little food and bad houses to live in, to work on their lands and make money for them to spend when they came back.

03. Gaul a Roman Province 03. Gallien eine römische Provinz 03. La Galia, provincia romana 03. La Gaule, province romaine 03. La Gallia come provincia romana 03. ローマ帝国のガリア地方 03. Galija - romėnų provincija 03. Galia jako rzymska prowincja 03. A Gália, uma província romana 03. Галлія - римська провінція 03.高卢罗马省 03. 羅馬行省高盧

CHAPTER III. Gaul a Roman Province (B.C. 70 - 250 A.D.)

When Cæsar was made Consul, or chief ruler in Rome, he had no more time to attend to the Gauls; but many of the Romans stayed in Gaul, and built or conquered cities there, and lived under Roman laws. Lorsque César fut nommé consul ou souverain en chef à Rome, il n'eut plus le temps de s'occuper des Gaulois ; mais beaucoup de Romains sont restés en Gaule, et y ont construit ou conquis des villes, et ont vécu sous les lois romaines. They taught the Gauls who lived near them to talk their own language, Latin; and most of the words which the French use now are so much like Latin that a person knowing one of these languages finds it a great help in understanding the other. Enseñaron a los galos que vivían cerca de ellos a hablar su propio idioma, el latín; y la mayoría de las palabras que usan los franceses ahora se parecen tanto al latín que una persona que conoce uno de estos idiomas encuentra que es de gran ayuda para comprender el otro. Ils apprirent aux Gaulois qui vivaient près d'eux à parler leur propre langue, le latin ; et la plupart des mots dont les Français se servent aujourd'hui ressemblent tellement au latin qu'une personne connaissant l'une de ces langues y trouve une grande aide pour comprendre l'autre. The Gauls improved in many ways; they learned to dress like the Romans, to build their houses of stone and marble instead of wood and earth, and to make roads through their thick forests, so that it might be easy to go from one part of the country to another. Les Gaulois se sont améliorés à bien des égards; ils apprirent à s'habiller comme les Romains, à construire leurs maisons de pierre et de marbre au lieu de bois et de terre, et à faire des routes à travers leurs forêts épaisses, afin qu'il fût facile d'aller d'une partie du pays à l'autre. Many schools and colleges were set up, and the Gauls learned to read Latin, and also studied law and science, and whatever else the Romans would teach them. De nombreuses écoles et collèges ont été créés, et les Gaulois ont appris à lire le latin, et ont également étudié le droit et les sciences, et tout ce que les Romains leur enseignaient. Many Gauls changed their old names and took Roman ones.

When the Gauls began going to the Roman colleges, and reading Latin books, they left off caring to be taught by the Druids, for the Druids had no books, but learned everything by heart, and knew much less than the Romans. Cuando los galos comenzaron a ir a las universidades romanas y a leer libros en latín, dejaron de preocuparse por ser enseñados por los druidas, porque los druidas no tenían libros, pero se aprendían todo de memoria y sabían mucho menos que los romanos. Коли галли почали ходити до римських колегій і читати латинські книжки, вони перестали піклуватися про те, щоб їх навчали друїди, бо друїди не мали книжок, а вчили все напам’ять і знали набагато менше, ніж римляни. 当高卢人开始进入罗马学院，阅读拉丁书籍时，他们不再关心德鲁伊教的教导，因为德鲁伊教没有书籍，而是背诵一切，并且比罗马人懂得少得多。 By degrees the people left off believing in the Druids and their old gods altogether, and determined to worship the same gods as the Romans; the Roman priests took for themselves the riches of the Druids, and the Druids hid themselves in wild parts of the country, and were at last forgotten by the people. 人们逐渐不再相信德鲁伊及其旧神，转而崇拜与罗马人相同的神。罗马祭司夺取了德鲁伊教的财富，而德鲁伊教则躲藏在国家的荒野中，最终被人们遗忘。 In some parts of England and Ireland and France, we still see the circles of stones, or the curious piles of four stones, called cromlechs or dolmens, three stones standing round, and one lying on the top, which mark the places where the Druids sacrificed in old days. 在英格兰、爱尔兰和法国的一些地方，我们仍然可以看到一圈圈的石头，或者是由四块石头组成的奇怪的堆，称为克罗姆莱奇或支石墓，其中三块石头立在周围，一块位于顶部，这标志着德鲁伊教的所在地。旧时牺牲。

The Gauls lived thus peacefully for about three hundred years; they came to be considered as Roman subjects, and the Romans helped them whenever they were attacked by any of the fierce German tribes who lived on the other side of the Rhine. Los galos vivieron así en paz durante unos trescientos años; llegaron a ser considerados súbditos romanos, y los romanos los ayudaron cada vez que fueron atacados por cualquiera de las feroces tribus alemanas que vivían al otro lado del Rin. Les Gaulois vécurent ainsi paisiblement pendant environ trois cents ans ; ils en sont venus à être considérés comme des sujets romains, et les Romains les ont aidés chaque fois qu'ils étaient attaqués par l'une des féroces tribus allemandes qui vivaient de l'autre côté du Rhin. Таким чином галли жили мирно близько трьохсот років; їх почали вважати римськими підданими, і римляни допомагали їм щоразу, коли на них нападало будь-яке з лютих німецьких племен, що жили по той бік Рейну. These tribes were(, as I said before,) very wild and ignorant, loving nothing so well as war, and (apt sometimes) <liking especially> to come into Gaul and carry off anything they could find, food or goods or treasures, from the people. Estas tribus eran (como dije antes) muy salvajes e ignorantes, nada amaban tanto como la guerra, y (apta a veces) para entrar en la Galia y llevarse cualquier cosa que pudieran encontrar, comida o bienes o tesoros, de la gente. Ces tribus étaient (comme je l'ai déjà dit) très sauvages et ignorantes, n'aimant rien aussi bien que la guerre, et (aptes parfois) d'entrer en Gaule et d'emporter tout ce qu'ils pouvaient trouver, nourriture, biens ou trésors, au peuple. Ці племена були (як я вже казав раніше) дуже дикими та неосвіченими, нічого так не любили, як війну, і (іноді вдало) прийти до Галлії та забрати у людей усе, що вони зможуть знайти, їжу, товари чи скарби. The most important thing that happened to the Gauls during this time was that many of them became Christians. 在此期间，高卢人发生的最重要的事情是他们中的许多人成为了基督徒。 Men came from Italy to teach them about the one God in whom we now believe, and many, both of the Romans and the Gauls, listened to them, believed what they said, and left off praying to idols and sacrificing to their gods. Los hombres vinieron de Italia para enseñarles acerca del Dios único en quien ahora creemos, y muchos, tanto romanos como galos, los escucharon, creyeron lo que decían y dejaron de rezar a los ídolos y sacrificar a sus dioses. The other Gauls were at first angry at this change, drove the Christians out of the towns, and put some of them to death; but by degrees more and more of them began to believe the new teaching, till at last all the country became Christian. Les autres Gaulois s'indignèrent d'abord de ce changement, chassèrent les chrétiens des villes et en mirent à mort quelques-uns ; mais peu à peu, de plus en plus d'entre eux commencèrent à croire au nouvel enseignement, jusqu'à ce qu'enfin tout le pays devienne chrétien. Інші галли спочатку розгнівалися на цю зміну, вигнали християн з міст і вбили деяких з них; але поступово все більше й більше з них почали вірити в нове вчення, доки нарешті вся країна не стала християнською.

Each city had a bishop, the old Roman temples were turned into churches, and figures of the Apostles were set up instead of the statues of the old Roman emperors. 每个城市都有一个主教，古老的罗马神庙变成了教堂，并设立了使徒的形象，而不是古老的罗马皇帝的雕像。 By this time every one had left off speaking the Gallic language, and the Gauls used a kind of bad Latin, which at last became French, a good deal like what is now spoken in France. Para entonces todo el mundo había dejado de hablar el idioma galo y los galos usaban una especie de latín malo, que por fin se convirtió en francés, muy parecido al que ahora se habla en Francia. До того часу всі перестали говорити галльською мовою, і галли використовували якусь погану латинь, яка нарешті стала французькою, дуже схожою на те, якою зараз розмовляють у Франції. 到了这个时候，每个人都不再讲高卢语了，高卢人使用了一种不好的拉丁语，最终拉丁语变成了法语，这与现在法国所说的语言相当。 The Gauls, during all these years, seemed to be growing more and more wise and happy, and to be improving in every way; but the people were really not happy, for the Romans (expected) <required> them to pay great sums of money, which were spent, not in Gaul, but in Rome, for the Roman emperor to pay his army <with>, or <to> use in whatever way he chose. The Gauls knew that it would be of no use to refuse to pay the money, for the Romans were stronger than they; but when they paid it they had very little left for themselves, and this made them dislike the Romans, who were themselves growing poorer and weaker, and less brave and wise, every year. Los galos sabían que no serviría de nada negarse a pagar el dinero, porque los romanos eran más fuertes que ellos; pero cuando lo pagaron, les quedaba muy poco para ellos, y esto hizo que les disgustaran los romanos, que cada año se volvían más pobres y más débiles, y menos valientes y sabios. Les Gaulois savaient qu'il ne servirait à rien de refuser de payer l'argent, car les Romains étaient plus forts qu'eux ; mais quand ils l'ont payé, ils n'avaient plus rien pour eux-mêmes, et cela leur faisait détester les Romains, qui eux-mêmes devenaient plus pauvres et plus faibles, et moins braves et sages, chaque année. Галли знали, що не буде сенсу відмовлятися платити гроші, бо римляни були сильніші за них; але коли вони заплатили, їм залишилося дуже мало, і це змусило їх не любити римлян, які з кожним роком ставали все біднішими та слабшими, а також менш хоробрими та мудрими. Another reason for the unhappiness of the Gauls was that a great number of them were slaves, and were very badly treated by their masters, who often went away to amuse themselves at Rome or other great towns, leaving the poor slaves, with very little food and bad houses to live in, to work on their lands and make money for them to spend when they came back. Une autre raison du malheur des Gaulois était qu'un grand nombre d'entre eux étaient esclaves, et étaient très maltraités par leurs maîtres, qui s'en allaient souvent s'amuser à Rome ou dans d'autres grandes villes, laissant les pauvres esclaves, avec très peu de nourriture. et de mauvaises maisons pour y vivre, pour travailler sur leurs terres et gagner de l'argent à dépenser à leur retour. 高卢人不幸的另一个原因是，他们中的很多人都是奴隶，受到主人的虐待，主人经常去罗马或其他大城市玩耍，留下可怜的奴隶，食物很少。住不好的房子，在自己的土地上干活，赚钱供他们回来后花。