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French History for English Children, 02. Cæsar in Gaul

02. Cæsar in Gaul

CHAPTER II. Cæsar in Gaul (B.C. 58-51)

I said that the first books in which the Gauls are spoken of are Latin books. Latin was the language of the Romans, the most powerful nation that has ever existed. The people of Rome began by conquering the cities near them, till they were masters of all Italy, and they then made war upon the countries round Italy, amongst others, upon Gaul. The Romans were wiser than the Gauls, and had better arms and better generals, and knew how to make roads from one place to another, and bridges across any rivers that might be in their way; and they were soon masters of part of the south of France, where they built cities and settled themselves. Some of the Gauls had fought against the Romans, and tried to prevent them from coining into the country, and these people the Romans treated harshly, making them obey the Roman governors and pay them great sums of money. Other Gauls had yielded to the Romans at once, and they were allowed to remain free, promising to help the Romans whenever they went to war.

Julius Cæsar was a great Roman general, who was sent by the consuls or chief rulers of Rome to govern the part of Gaul which had already been conquered, and to conquer the people of some of the farther part, who seemed inclined to rise up against the Romans. He had a great deal of hard fighting for eight years, for the Gauls resisted him very bravely; and it often happened that in some part of the country which he had just conquered, and where he thought the people would remain faithful to their promises to him, they would rise up against him as soon as his back was turned, and all his work would have to be done over again. Cæsar, in his accounts of these wars, often speaks of the Gauls as faithless and changeable, ready to believe the first person who spoke to them, especially any one who told them they were ill-treated, and advised them to rise up against the Romans.

The Gauls sometimes asked for help from the Germans who lived on the other side of the Rhine, who were far more savage and wild than the Gauls had now become, and who liked fighting better than any other employment; so much so, that after helping the Gauls against the Romans, they would sometimes themselves turn against the Gauls, and take some of their land from them. Thus Cæsar had often Gauls and Germans fighting together against him, but he was so wise and brave a general, and his soldiers obeyed him so well and showed such patience and courage, that all Gaul was at last conquered by the Romans, and was improved by them in many ways.

I will now give an account of the siege of Alesia, that you may have some idea of the way in which the Gauls and Romans fought. I must first say that the people of Gaul were divided into tribes or separate bodies, living each in a special part of the country, and each tribe under chiefs or principal men of its own. Some tribes were much larger than others; some of the larger had more than two hundred thousand members, while others had only a few hundred. The part of the country where each tribe lived was called after the name of the tribe, so that Gaul was broken up into divisions something like the (English) counties, but with the difference that they had no one ruler over them (like our Queen, nor government of any kind like our Houses of Parliament). Each tribe managed its own affairs for itself, and they often made war upon one another. It is clear that a country would not be likely to grow rich or strong while its people were fighting among themselves. (If the men of Middlesex had a war with the men of Kent, no ships from London would be able to go down the Thames, and if there were a chance of such a war, it is not likely that we should have built ships which might so easily be taken from us by enemies. Railroads, too, would never have been made over all England if the different counties were in the habit of going to war with each other.) One of the great improvements that Cæsar made in Gaul, was to force the different tribes to live in peace. This gave them time to attend to working in their fields, improving their towns, and other peaceful and useful occupations. In course of time the different tribes became friendly, and their country was divided into provinces, which were afterwards formed into a kingdom with one king over them.

The siege of Alesia, which I am going to describe, happened towards the end of Cæsar's wars in Gaul. All the Gaulish tribes had joined together to try and drive him out of the country, and at their head they had a brave leader named Vercingetorix, meaning General-in-chief. After having been defeated by Cæsar in several battles, and <having> lost many great cities, Vercingetorix led his arm; to a town called Alesia, and set up his camp there. The town was on the top of a hill, with other hills round it, a plain in front, and a river flowing on each side. Cæsar brought his army to the foot of the hill, and began to dig a deep ditch, called a trench, to protect his men from any sudden attack of the Gauls. When Vercingetorix saw that Cæsar meant to shut him and his army up in Alesia, and to oblige them to yield to him by not allowing any food to come in to them, he sent away a body of his soldiers to try and collect food for him in their own countries, and to make their way back with it through the army of the enemy. He kept with him eighty thousand of his best soldiers to help him to resist Cæsar.

Cæsar built towers and a wall behind the trench; behind these again two other trenches, then another wall with stakes like stags' horns sticking out from it to prevent the enemy from climbing up it, and with turrets all along the top. He made another small trench, at the bottom of which he stuck very sharp stakes hidden by branches of trees, so that whoever got down into it should be run into by the stakes. These works went the whole way round the foot of the hill on which Alesia stood, a distance of eleven miles. The men in Alesia finding that Cæsar had made all these preparations against them, and that their friends did not come back to bring them food, held a council, in which one of their chief men made a speech, proposing that all the old, weak, and useless people in the town should be put to death, and eaten by the others. Many of the Gauls said that this cruel plan was too horrible, and refused to listen to it. It was at last settled that these old and weak people should be sent away from the Gaulish camp, and try to make their way past the Romans and out into the country beyond; but Cæsar would not let them pass him, and they had to go back into the town.

In the meantime, the Gauls who had been sent away to fetch food, came back with a store, and tried to make their way into the town, but the Romans came out to fight them, and drove them away. The Gauls in Alesia came out from the town shouting, to encourage their friends, but when they saw them drawing back before the Romans, they returned, disappointed, into the town, A few days later, the Gauls made a fierce attack on the Roman camp, but in vain; they went from one part to another, throwing earth into the trenches so that they might pass safely even over those with stakes at the bottom, but everywhere they met the Roman soldiers, and Cæsar stood on a high hill to watch his men, and send help to any of them who seemed to be in difficulty. At last, seeing that his soldiers were beginning to yield, he rushed down himself into the battle. The Romans gave a shout, threw away the darts or javelins with which they had been fighting, drew their swords, and followed Cæsar; some of the horse soldiers went round to surprise the Gauls at the back. The Gauls turned and fled. Cæsar went on to the gates of the city, which was the next day given up to him.

Vercingetorix assembled his soldiers in the town, and told them that he was ready to give himself up to Cæsar if they wished it, or that, if they chose, they might kill him, as he thought that if he were dead, or Cæsar's prisoner, Cæsar might be willing to spare the lives of his soldiers. The Gauls settled that he should be given up to Cæsar with the other chiefs.

Cæsar sat at, the head of his soldiers, and all the Gaulish chieftains in turns were brought before him, and laid down their arms. Cæsar took to Rome the general Vercingetorix, who was afterwards put to death in prison; he gave to each Roman soldier one Gaul for a slave, as a reward for their victory.


02. Cæsar in Gaul 02. Cæsar in Gallien 02. César en la Galia 02. César en Gaule 02. Cesare in Gallia 02. ガリアのケアサル 02. Cæsar na Gália 02. Цезарь в Галлии 02. Cæsar i Gallien 02. Cæsar Galya'da 02. Кесар у Галлії 02.高卢的凯撒 02. 凱撒在高盧

CHAPTER II. Cæsar in Gaul (B.C. 58-51)

I said that the first books in which the Gauls are spoken of are Latin books. Ich sagte, dass die ersten Bücher, in denen von den Galliern die Rede ist, lateinische Bücher sind. Dije que los primeros libros en los que se habla de galos son libros en latín. Latin was the language of the Romans, the most powerful nation that has ever existed. 拉丁語是羅馬人的語言,是有史以來最強大的國家。 The people of Rome began by conquering the cities near them, till they were masters of all Italy, and they then made war upon the countries round Italy, amongst others, upon Gaul. Die Römer begannen mit der Eroberung der Städte in ihrer Nähe, bis sie die Herrschaft über ganz Italien erlangt hatten, und zogen dann in den Krieg gegen die Länder um Italien, unter anderem gegen Gallien. El pueblo de Roma comenzó por conquistar las ciudades cercanas a ellos, hasta que fueron dueños de toda Italia, y luego hicieron la guerra contra los países alrededor de Italia, entre otros, contra la Galia. 罗马人民首先征服了他们附近的城市,直到他们成为整个意大利的主人,然后他们向意大利周边国家发动战争,其中包括向高卢发动战争。 羅馬人民首先征服了他們附近的城市,直到他們成為整個意大利的主人,然後他們向意大利周邊國家發動戰爭,其中包括向高盧發動戰爭。 The Romans were wiser than the Gauls, and had better arms and better generals, and knew how to make roads from one place to another, and bridges across any rivers that might be in their way; and they were soon masters of part of the south of France, where they built cities and settled themselves. Die Römer waren klüger als die Gallier, hatten die besseren Waffen und die besseren Feldherren und wussten, wie man Straßen von einem Ort zum anderen und Brücken über alle Flüsse baut, die sich ihnen in den Weg stellten, und sie beherrschten bald einen Teil Südfrankreichs, wo sie Städte bauten und sich niederließen. Los romanos eran más sabios que los galos, tenían mejores armas y mejores generales, y sabían hacer caminos de un lugar a otro y puentes que cruzaran los ríos que se cruzaran en su camino; y pronto fueron dueños de parte del sur de Francia, donde construyeron ciudades y se establecieron. 罗马人比高卢人更聪明,有更好的武器和更好的将军,知道如何从一个地方到另一个地方修路,以及如何架桥跨越任何可能阻碍他们的河流;他们很快就成为了法国南部部分地区的主人,在那里他们建立了城市并定居下来。 Some of the Gauls had fought against the Romans, and tried to prevent them from coining into the country, and these people the Romans treated harshly, making them obey the Roman governors and pay them great sums of money. Ein Teil der Gallier hatte gegen die Römer gekämpft und versucht, sie daran zu hindern, Münzen ins Land zu bringen. Algunos de los galos habían luchado contra los romanos y habían tratado de evitar que ingresaran al país, y los romanos trataron a estas personas con dureza, haciéndoles obedecer a los gobernadores romanos y pagarles grandes sumas de dinero. Часть галлов воевала с римлянами и пыталась помешать им ввозить в страну монеты, и с этими людьми римляне обращались сурово, заставляя их подчиняться римским правителям и платить им большие деньги. 一些高卢人曾与罗马人作战,并试图阻止他们在该国铸币,这些人受到罗马人的严厉对待,使他们服从罗马总督并支付给他们巨额金钱。 一些高盧人曾與羅馬人作戰,並試圖阻止他們在該國鑄幣,羅馬人對這些人很嚴厲,使他們服從羅馬總督,並向他們支付巨額金錢。 Other Gauls had yielded to the Romans at once, and they were allowed to remain free, promising to help the Romans whenever they went to war. Andere Gallier hatten sich den Römern sofort unterworfen, und sie durften frei bleiben und versprachen, den Römern zu helfen, wenn sie in den Krieg zogen.

Julius Cæsar was a great Roman general, who was sent by the consuls or chief rulers of Rome to govern the part of Gaul which had already been conquered, and to conquer the people of some of the farther part, who seemed inclined to rise up against the Romans. Julius Cæsar war ein großer römischer Feldherr, der von den Konsuln oder obersten Herrschern Roms ausgesandt wurde, um den bereits eroberten Teil Galliens zu regieren und die Bevölkerung eines Teils des weiter entfernten Teils zu erobern, die sich gegen die Römer zu erheben schien. 尤利烏斯·凱撒是一位偉大的羅馬將軍,他被羅馬的執政官或主要統治者派去統治高盧已經被征服的地區,並征服一些更遠的地區的人民,這些地區似乎傾向於起來反抗羅馬人。 He had a great deal of hard fighting for eight years, for the Gauls resisted him very bravely; and it often happened that in some part of the country which he had just conquered, and where he thought the people would remain faithful to their promises to him, they would rise up against him as soon as his back was turned, and all his work would have to be done over again. Acht Jahre lang hatte er harte Kämpfe zu bestehen, denn die Gallier widersetzten sich ihm sehr tapfer, und es kam oft vor, dass in einem Teil des Landes, das er gerade erobert hatte und wo er glaubte, die Menschen würden ihren Versprechungen treu bleiben, sie sich gegen ihn erhoben, sobald er sich abwandte, und sein ganzes Werk musste von neuem begonnen werden. Протягом восьми років він вів важку боротьбу, бо галли чинили йому дуже хоробрий опір; і часто траплялося, що в якійсь частині країни, яку він щойно завоював і де, як він думав, люди залишаться вірними своїм обіцянкам, даним йому, вони повставали проти нього, як тільки він повертався спиною, і вся його робота треба було б зробити знову. 他经历了八年的艰苦战斗,因为高卢人非常勇敢地抵抗他。经常发生这样的情况:在他刚刚征服的国家的某些地方,他认为那里的人民会继续忠实于对他的承诺,但一旦他背弃他,他们就会起来反对他,他的一切工作也会被推翻。必须重新来过。 八年來,他進行了艱苦的戰鬥,高盧人非常勇敢地抵抗了他。經常發生在他剛剛征服的國家的某個地方,他認為人民會忠於對他的承諾的地方,一旦他轉身,他們就會站起來反對他,他的所有工作將不得不重新完成。 Cæsar, in his accounts of these wars, often speaks of the Gauls as faithless and changeable, ready to believe the first person who spoke to them, especially any one who told them they were ill-treated, and advised them to rise up against the Romans. Cæsar spricht in seinen Berichten über diese Kriege oft von den Galliern als ungläubig und wankelmütig, die bereit waren, dem ersten zu glauben, der zu ihnen sprach, vor allem dem, der ihnen sagte, dass sie schlecht behandelt wurden, und ihnen riet, sich gegen die Römer zu erheben. César, en sus relatos de estas guerras, a menudo habla de los galos como infieles y cambiantes, dispuestos a creer a la primera persona que les habló, especialmente a cualquiera que les dijera que fueron maltratados y les aconsejó que se levantaran contra el Romanos. 凯撒在描述这些战争时,经常说高卢人不忠诚且善变,愿意相信第一个与他们交谈的人,特别是任何告诉他们他们受到虐待并建议他们起来反抗高卢人的人。罗马书。 凱撒在描述這些戰爭時,經常說高盧人不忠誠且善變,願意相信第一個與他們交談的人,特別是任何告訴他們他們受到虐待並建議他們起來反抗高盧人的人。羅馬書。

The Gauls sometimes asked for help from the Germans who lived on the other side of the Rhine, who were far more savage and wild than the Gauls had now become, and who liked fighting better than any other employment; so much so, that after helping the Gauls against the Romans, they would sometimes themselves turn against the Gauls, and take some of their land from them. Die Gallier baten manchmal die Germanen jenseits des Rheins um Hilfe, die weitaus wilder und unzivilisierter waren als die Gallier und die das Kämpfen mehr liebten als jede andere Beschäftigung; so sehr, dass sie, nachdem sie den Galliern gegen die Römer geholfen hatten, sich manchmal selbst gegen die Gallier wandten und ihnen einen Teil ihres Landes wegnahmen. Los galos a veces pedían ayuda a los alemanes que vivían al otro lado del Rin, que eran mucho más salvajes y salvajes de lo que ahora se habían convertido los galos, y a quienes les gustaba la lucha más que cualquier otro empleo; Tanto es así, que después de ayudar a los galos contra los romanos, a veces ellos mismos se volvían contra los galos y les quitaban parte de su tierra. 高卢人有时会向居住在莱茵河对岸的日耳曼人寻求帮助,他们比现在的高卢人更加野蛮和狂野,而且比任何其他职业都更喜欢战斗。以至于在帮助高卢人对抗罗马人之后,他们有时也会反过来反对高卢人,并从他们手中夺取一些土地。 高盧人有時會向居住在萊茵河對岸的日耳曼人尋求幫助,他們比現在的高盧人更加野蠻和狂野,而且比任何其他職業都更喜歡戰鬥。以至於在幫助高盧人對抗羅馬人之後,他們有時也會反過來反對高盧人,並從他們手中奪取一些土地。 Thus Cæsar had often Gauls and Germans fighting together against him, but he was so wise and brave a general, and his soldiers obeyed him so well and showed such patience and courage, that all Gaul was at last conquered by the Romans, and was improved by them in many ways. So hatte Cæsar oft Gallier und Germanen gemeinsam gegen sich, aber er war ein so weiser und tapferer Feldherr, und seine Soldaten gehorchten ihm so gut und zeigten so viel Geduld und Mut, dass ganz Gallien schließlich von den Römern erobert und von ihnen in vielerlei Hinsicht verbessert wurde. Таким чином, Цезар часто змушував галлів і германців разом боротися проти нього, але він був таким мудрим і хоробрим полководцем, і його солдати так слухалися його і виявляли таке терпіння та мужність, що вся Галлія була нарешті завойована римлянами та покращилася. ними багатьма способами. 因此,凯撒经常让高卢人和日耳曼人联合起来对抗他,但他是一位如此明智和勇敢的将军,他的士兵们如此服从他,表现出如此的耐心和勇气,以至于整个高卢最终被罗马人征服,并得到了改善。他们以多种方式。

I will now give an account of the siege of Alesia, that you may have some idea of the way in which the Gauls and Romans fought. Тепер я розповім про облогу Алезії, щоб ви мали певне уявлення про те, як воювали галли та римляни. I must first say that the people of Gaul were divided into tribes or separate bodies, living each in a special part of the country, and each tribe under chiefs or principal men of its own. Primero debo decir que la gente de Galia estaba dividida en tribus o cuerpos separados, viviendo cada uno en una parte especial del país, y cada tribu bajo jefes o hombres principales propios. Насамперед я повинен сказати, що народ Галлії був поділений на племена або окремі групи, кожне з яких жило в окремій частині країни, і кожне плем’я підпорядковувалося своїм вождям або головним людям. Some tribes were much larger than others; some of the larger had more than two hundred thousand members, while others had only a few hundred. Algunas tribus eran mucho más grandes que otras; algunos de los más grandes tenían más de doscientos mil miembros, mientras que otros tenían sólo unos pocos cientos. The part of the country where each tribe lived was called after the name of the tribe, so that Gaul was broken up into divisions something like the (English) counties, but with the difference that they had no one ruler over them (like our Queen, nor government of any kind like our Houses of Parliament). Der Teil des Landes, in dem jeder Stamm lebte, wurde nach dem Namen des Stammes benannt, so dass Gallien in Bereiche aufgeteilt war, die den (englischen) Grafschaften ähnelten, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass sie keinen Herrscher hatten (wie unsere Königin, noch eine Regierung wie unsere Parlamente). La parte del país donde vivía cada tribu se llamaba con el nombre de la tribu, por lo que la Galia se dividió en divisiones algo así como los condados (ingleses), pero con la diferencia de que no tenían un gobernante sobre ellos (como nuestra Reina , ni gobierno de ningún tipo como nuestras Casas del Parlamento). Each tribe managed its own affairs for itself, and they often made war upon one another. Jeder Stamm kümmerte sich um seine eigenen Angelegenheiten, und oft führten sie gegeneinander Krieg. It is clear that a country would not be likely to grow rich or strong while its people were fighting among themselves. 显然,一个国家在人民相互斗争时,不可能富裕或强大。 (If the men of Middlesex had a war with the men of Kent, no ships from London would be able to go down the Thames, and if there were a chance of such a war, it is not likely that we should have built ships which might so easily be taken from us by enemies. (Wenn die Männer von Middlesex einen Krieg mit den Männern von Kent führten, könnten keine Schiffe aus London die Themse hinunterfahren, und wenn es die Möglichkeit eines solchen Krieges gäbe, hätten wir wohl kaum Schiffe gebaut, die uns so leicht von den Feinden weggenommen werden könnten. (Si los hombres de Middlesex tuvieran una guerra con los hombres de Kent, ningún barco de Londres podría bajar por el Támesis, y si hubiera una posibilidad de tal guerra, no es probable que hubiéramos construido barcos que tan fácilmente podría ser arrebatado por los enemigos. (Якби люди Міддлсекса воювали з людьми Кента, жодні кораблі з Лондона не змогли б спуститися Темзою, і якби була можливість такої війни, навряд чи нам довелося будувати кораблі, які можуть так легко бути відібрані у нас ворогами. (如果米德尔塞克斯(Middlesex)的士兵与肯特(Kent)的士兵发生战争,伦敦的任何船只都无法从泰晤士河上降落,而且如果有发生此类战争的可能性,我们就不可能建造能够可能很容易被敌人从我们手中夺走。 Railroads, too, would never have been made over all England if the different counties were in the habit of going to war with each other.) Auch die Eisenbahn wäre nie in ganz England gebaut worden, wenn die verschiedenen Grafschaften die Angewohnheit gehabt hätten, sich gegenseitig zu bekriegen). One of the great improvements that Cæsar made in Gaul, was to force the different tribes to live in peace. Eine der großen Verbesserungen, die Cæsar in Gallien vornahm, bestand darin, die verschiedenen Stämme zu zwingen, in Frieden zu leben. Una de las grandes mejoras que hizo César en la Galia fue obligar a las diferentes tribus a vivir en paz. This gave them time to attend to working in their fields, improving their towns, and other peaceful and useful occupations. Це дало їм час зайнятися роботою на своїх полях, покращенням своїх міст та іншими мирними та корисними заняттями. 这让他们有时间在自己的田地里工作,改善他们的城镇,以及其他和平而有用的职业。 In course of time the different tribes became friendly, and their country was divided into provinces, which were afterwards formed into a kingdom with one king over them. Im Laufe der Zeit freundeten sich die verschiedenen Stämme an, und ihr Land wurde in Provinzen aufgeteilt, die später zu einem Königreich mit einem König an der Spitze zusammengefasst wurden.

The siege of Alesia, which I am going to describe, happened towards the end of Cæsar's wars in Gaul. 我将要描述的对阿莱西亚的围困发生在凯撒在高卢的战争即将结束时。 All the Gaulish tribes had joined together to try and drive him out of the country, and at their head they had a brave leader named Vercingetorix, meaning General-in-chief. Alle gallischen Stämme hatten sich zusammengetan, um ihn aus dem Land zu vertreiben, und an ihrer Spitze stand ein tapferer Anführer namens Vercingetorix, was so viel bedeutet wie Oberbefehlshaber. Todas las tribus galas se habían unido para intentar expulsarlo del país, y a la cabeza tenían un líder valiente llamado Vercingetorix, que significa General en Jefe. After having been defeated by Cæsar in several battles, and <having> lost many great cities, Vercingetorix led his arm; to a town called Alesia, and set up his camp there. Nachdem er von Cæsar in mehreren Schlachten besiegt worden war und viele große Städte verloren hatte, führte Vercingetorix sein Heer in eine Stadt namens Alesia und schlug dort sein Lager auf. Después de haber sido derrotado por César en varias batallas, y perdió muchas grandes ciudades, Vercingetorix llevó su brazo; a un pueblo llamado Alesia, y estableció su campamento allí. The town was on the top of a hill, with other hills round it, a plain in front, and a river flowing on each side. Cæsar brought his army to the foot of the hill, and began to dig a deep ditch, called a trench, to protect his men from any sudden attack of the Gauls. When Vercingetorix saw that Cæsar meant to shut him and his army up in Alesia, and to oblige them to yield to him by not allowing any food to come in to them, he sent away a body of his soldiers to try and collect food for him in their own countries, and to make their way back with it through the army of the enemy. Als Vercingetorix sah, dass Cæsar vorhatte, ihn und sein Heer in Alesia einzuschließen und sie zu zwingen, sich ihm zu unterwerfen, indem er ihnen keine Nahrung zukommen ließ, schickte er einen Teil seiner Soldaten aus, um zu versuchen, in ihren eigenen Ländern Nahrung für ihn zu sammeln und damit durch das Heer des Feindes zurückzukehren. Cuando Vercingetorix vio que César tenía la intención de encerrarlo a él y a su ejército en Alesia, y obligarlos a ceder ante él al no permitir que les entrara comida, envió un cuerpo de sus soldados para que intentaran recolectar comida para él. en sus propios países, y regresar con él a través del ejército del enemigo. Коли Верцінгеторікс побачив, що Цезар має намір замкнути його та його армію в Алезії та змусити їх підкоритися йому, не дозволяючи надходити до них їжі, він відіслав групу своїх солдатів, щоб спробувати зібрати для нього їжу. у своїх власних країнах і повертатися з ним через армію ворога. 当维辛格托里克斯看到凯撒打算将他和他的军队关在阿莱西亚,并不允许他们接受任何食物,迫使他们屈服于他时,他派出了一批士兵,试图为他收集食物在他们自己的国家,并通过敌人的军队带着它回来。 He kept with him eighty thousand of his best soldiers to help him to resist Cæsar. Se quedó con él ochenta mil de sus mejores soldados para ayudarlo a resistir a César.

Cæsar built towers and a wall behind the trench; behind these again two other trenches, then another wall with stakes like stags' horns sticking out from it to prevent the enemy from climbing up it, and with turrets all along the top. César construyó torres y un muro detrás de la trinchera; detrás de estas otras dos trincheras, luego otra pared con estacas como cuernos de ciervo que sobresalen de ella para evitar que el enemigo trepe por ella, y con torretas a lo largo de la parte superior. Цезар побудував вежі та стіну за траншеєю; за цими знову дві інші траншеї, потім ще одна стіна з колами, схожими на оленячі роги, що стирчать з неї, щоб перешкодити ворогові піднятися на неї, і з башточками по всій вершині. 凯萨尔在tower沟后面建造了塔楼和墙。在这两个另外的战的后面,然后是另一堵墙,上面有像鹿角一样的木桩伸出来,以防止敌人爬上去,并且整个塔楼都带有炮塔。 He made another small trench, at the bottom of which he stuck very sharp stakes hidden by branches of trees, so that whoever got down into it should be run into by the stakes. Er machte einen weiteren kleinen Graben, in dessen Boden er sehr scharfe Pfähle steckte, die von den Ästen der Bäume verdeckt waren, so dass jeder, der in den Graben hinabstieg, von den Pfählen getroffen werden sollte. Hizo otra pequeña trinchera, en el fondo de la cual clavó estacas muy afiladas escondidas por ramas de tee, para que quien se metiera en ella fuera atropellado por las estacas. Fez outra pequena vala, no fundo da qual espetou estacas muito afiadas, escondidas por ramos de árvores, para que quem descesse fosse atropelado pelas estacas. 他又挖了一条小沟,在沟的底部,他扎着非常尖锐的木桩,这些木桩被三通的树枝所掩藏,因此,任何钻入其中的人都应被木桩碰到。 These works went the whole way round the foot of the hill on which Alesia stood, a distance of eleven miles. Ці роботи охопили весь шлях навколо підніжжя пагорба, на якому стояла Алезія, на відстань одинадцять миль. The men in Alesia finding that Cæsar had made all these preparations against them, and that their friends did not come back to bring them food, held a council, in which one of their chief men made a speech, proposing that all the old, weak, and useless people in the town should be put to death, and eaten by the others. Als die Männer in Alesia feststellten, dass Cæsar all diese Vorbereitungen gegen sie getroffen hatte und dass ihre Freunde nicht zurückkamen, um ihnen Nahrung zu bringen, hielten sie einen Rat ab, in dem einer ihrer führenden Männer eine Rede hielt, in der er vorschlug, dass alle alten, schwachen und nutzlosen Menschen in der Stadt getötet und von den anderen gegessen werden sollten. 阿莱西亚的人们发现凯撒已经为他们做了所有这些准备,而且他们的朋友没有回来给他们带来食物,于是召开了一次会议,其中一位主要人物发表了讲话,建议所有年老体弱的人,镇上无用的人应该被处死,并被其他人吃掉。 Many of the Gauls said that this cruel plan was too horrible, and refused to listen to it. Viele der Gallier hielten diesen grausamen Plan für zu schrecklich und weigerten sich, ihn anzuhören. It was at last settled that these old and weak people should be sent away from the Gaulish camp, and try to make their way past the Romans and out into the country beyond; but Cæsar would not let them pass him, and they had to go back into the town. Por fin se decidió que esta gente vieja y débil debería ser expulsada del campamento galo y tratar de abrirse camino entre los romanos y salir al campo más allá; pero César no los dejó pasar, y tuvieron que regresar a la ciudad. 最后决定,这些年老体弱的人应该被送出高卢营地,并试图绕过罗马人,进入更远的国家。但凯撒不让他们过去,他们不得不返回城镇。

In the meantime, the Gauls who had been sent away to fetch food, came back with a store, and tried to make their way into the town, but the Romans came out to fight them, and drove them away. In der Zwischenzeit kamen die Gallier, die losgeschickt worden waren, um Lebensmittel zu holen, mit einem Vorrat zurück und versuchten, in die Stadt einzudringen, aber die Römer kamen heraus, um sie zu bekämpfen, und vertrieben sie. Mientras tanto, los galos que habían sido enviados a buscar comida, regresaron con una tienda e intentaron abrirse camino hacia la ciudad, pero los romanos salieron para luchar contra ellos y los expulsaron. The Gauls in Alesia came out from the town shouting, to encourage their friends, but when they saw them drawing back before the Romans, they returned, disappointed, into the town, A few days later, the Gauls made a fierce attack on the Roman camp, but in vain; they went from one part to another, throwing earth into the trenches so that they might pass safely even over those with stakes at the bottom, but everywhere they met the Roman soldiers, and Cæsar stood on a high hill to watch his men, and send help to any of them who seemed to be in difficulty. Die Gallier in Alesia kamen schreiend aus der Stadt, um ihre Freunde zu ermutigen, aber als sie sahen, dass diese sich vor den Römern zurückzogen, kehrten sie enttäuscht in die Stadt zurück. Einige Tage später unternahmen die Gallier einen heftigen Angriff auf das römische Lager, aber vergeblich; Sie zogen von einem Teil zum anderen und warfen Erde in die Gräben, damit sie auch über die mit Pfählen versehenen Gräben sicher hindurchgehen konnten, aber überall trafen sie auf die römischen Soldaten, und Cæsar stand auf einem hohen Hügel, um seine Männer zu beobachten und jedem von ihnen, der in Schwierigkeiten zu sein schien, Hilfe zu schicken. Los galos en Alesia salieron de la ciudad gritando, para animar a sus amigos, pero cuando los vieron retroceder ante los romanos, regresaron, decepcionados, a la ciudad. Unos días después, los galos atacaron ferozmente a los romanos. campamento, pero en vano; iban de un lado a otro, tirando tierra en las trincheras para poder pasar con seguridad incluso por encima de los que tenían estacas en la parte inferior, pero en todas partes se encontraban con los soldados romanos, y César se paró en una colina alta para vigilar a sus hombres y enviar ayudar a cualquiera de ellos que pareciera estar en dificultades. Галли в Алезії вийшли з міста з криками, щоб підбадьорити своїх друзів, але коли вони побачили, що вони відступають перед римлянами, вони розчаровані повернулися в місто. Через кілька днів галли люто атакували римлян табір, але даремно; вони переходили з однієї частини в іншу, кидаючи землю в траншеї, щоб вони могли безпечно пройти навіть через ті, що мають кілки на дні, але всюди вони зустрічали римських солдатів, і Цезар стояв на високому пагорбі, щоб спостерігати за своїми людьми, і посилав допомогти будь-кому з них, хто, здавалося, потрапив у скруту. At last, seeing that his soldiers were beginning to yield, he rushed down himself into the battle. Por fin, al ver que sus soldados comenzaban a ceder, se lanzó a la batalla. Нарешті, побачивши, що його солдати починають поступатися, він сам кинувся в бій. The Romans gave a shout, threw away the darts or javelins with which they had been fighting, drew their swords, and followed Cæsar; some of the horse soldiers went round to surprise the Gauls at the back. Die Römer stießen einen Schrei aus, warfen die Pfeile oder Speere, mit denen sie gekämpft hatten, weg, zogen ihre Schwerter und folgten Cæsar; einige der berittenen Soldaten gingen umher, um die Gallier von hinten zu überraschen. The Gauls turned and fled. Cæsar went on to the gates of the city, which was the next day given up to him. Cæsar zog weiter bis vor die Tore der Stadt, die ihm am nächsten Tag übergeben wurde. César se dirigió a las puertas de la ciudad, que le fue entregada al día siguiente. 凯撒继续前往城门,第二天这座城就被他占领了。

Vercingetorix assembled his soldiers in the town, and told them that he was ready to give himself up to Cæsar if they wished it, or that, if they chose, they might kill him, as he thought that if he were dead, or Cæsar's prisoner, Cæsar might be willing to spare the lives of his soldiers. Vercingetorix versammelte seine Soldaten in der Stadt und teilte ihnen mit, dass er bereit sei, sich Cæsar auszuliefern, wenn sie es wünschten, oder dass sie ihn, wenn sie es wollten, töten könnten, da er dachte, dass, wenn er tot oder Cæsars Gefangener sei, Cæsar bereit sein könnte, das Leben seiner Soldaten zu schonen. Vercingetorix reunió a sus soldados en la ciudad y les dijo que estaba dispuesto a entregarse a César si lo deseaban, o que, si querían, podrían matarlo, ya que pensaba que si estaba muerto, o el prisionero de César César podría estar dispuesto a perdonar la vida de sus soldados. 维辛托里克斯在城里召集了他的士兵,告诉他们,如果他们愿意,他准备向凯撒自首,或者,如果他们愿意,他们可能会杀了他,因为他认为如果他死了,或者凯撒的俘虏,凯撒可能愿意饶他的士兵的命。 The Gauls settled that he should be given up to Cæsar with the other chiefs. 高卢人决定将他和其他酋长一起交给凯撒。

Cæsar sat at, the head of his soldiers, and all the Gaulish chieftains in turns were brought before him, and laid down their arms. Cæsar setzte sich an die Spitze seiner Soldaten, und alle gallischen Häuptlinge wurden der Reihe nach vor ihn geführt und legten ihre Waffen nieder. César se sentó a la cabeza de sus soldados, y todos los jefes galos por turnos fueron llevados ante él y depusieron las armas. Цезар сидів на чолі своїх солдатів, і всі галльські вожді по черзі поставали перед ним і склали зброю. 卡萨尔坐在他的士兵头上,所有的高力士首领又被带到他面前,放下了他们的手臂。 Cæsar took to Rome the general Vercingetorix, who was afterwards put to death in prison; he gave to each Roman soldier one Gaul for a slave, as a reward for their victory. Cæsar nahm den Feldherrn Vercingetorix mit nach Rom, der später im Gefängnis hingerichtet wurde; er gab jedem römischen Soldaten einen Gallier als Sklaven, als Belohnung für den Sieg. César llevó a Roma al general Vercingetorix, que luego fue condenado a muerte en la cárcel; entregó a cada soldado romano un galo como esclavo, como recompensa por su victoria.