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Hi. Hallo.

My name is Rheedan.

Welcome to Oxford Online English! Welcome to Oxford Online English! オックスフォード・オンライン英会話へようこそ！

Today, you can learn about the most important verb in English: "to be." Today, you can learn about the most important verb in English: "to be." 今日は、英語で最も重要な動詞について学びましょう："be "である。

You'll learn how to use "be" in simple sentences and questions. Du lernst, wie man „be“ in einfachen Sätzen und Fragen verwendet. 簡単な文章や質問での「be」の使い方を学びます。

The verb, "be," is everywhere in English. Das Verb „be“ ist überall im Englischen zu finden. 動詞 "be "は英語にはどこにでもある。

We use it all the time, so you need to know how to use "be" correctly.

Do you know the sentence: "To be or not to be, that is the question." Kennen Sie den Satz: "Sein oder Nichtsein, das ist hier die Frage." 이 문장을 아시나요? "될 것인가, 되지 않을 것인가, 그것이 문제입니다." Знаете ли вы фразу: "Быть или не быть - вот в чем вопрос". 你知道这句话吗：“生存还是毁灭，这就是问题。”

It's from Shakespeare's "Hamlet." Это из шекспировского "Гамлета".

It's only 10 words long and uses the word "to be" three times. Es ist nur 10 Wörter lang und verwendet das Wort „to be“ dreimal. 길이는 10단어에 불과하며 '되다'라는 단어를 세 번 사용합니다. Он состоит всего из 10 слов и трижды использует слово «быть». Він складається лише з 10 слів і тричі використовує слово "бути".

So if you want to speak well, practicing the verb "to be" will help your English. Wenn Sie also gut sprechen möchten, hilft das Üben des Verbs „to be“ Ihrem Englisch.

How to use different forms of "be."

"Be" has different forms. „Sein“ hat verschiedene Formen.

Let's look. Lass uns schauen.

We say, "I am. "네, 맞습니다.

You are. Du bist. 맞습니다.

He/she/it is. Ele/ela é.

We are. Wir sind.

You are. Du bist.

They are." Sie sind."

Do you know these forms?

If not, repeat them again and again until you know them perfectly.

Let's do it one more time. Machen wir es noch einmal. Давайте сделаем это еще раз.

"I am.

You are.

He/she/it is.

We are.

You are. Tu és.

They are."

What about my brother? Was ist mit meinem Bruder?

My brother am? Mein Bruder bin? Мой брат?

My brother are? Můj bratr je? Mein Bruder sind?

My brother is? Mein Bruder ist?

Which is correct?

My brother = he.

My brother is.

What about the cups? Was ist mit den Tassen?

The cups am? Die Tassen sind?

The cups are? Die Becher sind?

The cups is? As chávenas são?

Which is correct?

The cups = they.

The cups are.

Next, let's look at how to make simple sentences with "be."

How can we use "be?" Wie können wir „sein“ verwenden?

There are many ways.

We can use "be" with a number: "I am 29 years old."

"You are 190 centimeters tall." "Ваш рост 190 сантиметров".

"It is 5:00."

We can use "be" with a noun, to say what something is: "He is a doctor." "그는 의사입니다."와 같이 어떤 것을 말할 때 명사와 함께 "be"를 사용할 수 있습니다. Podemos usar "be" com um substantivo, para dizer o que algo é: "He is a doctor".

"She is a student."

"It is a cookbook."

You can use "be" with an adjective, like hungry or quiet: "We are hungry."

"You are very quiet."

"They are German."

OK, what if you want to make a negative sentence?

It's easy to make negative sentences with "be."

Just add "not" after the verb.

"I am 29 years old --> I am not 29 years old." "Tenho 29 anos --> não tenho 29 anos".

"Sarah is a student --> Sarah is not a student."

"We are hungry --> We are not hungry."

What about, "He is a doctor."?

Can you make it negative?

"He is not a doctor."

Easy, right? Einfach richtig?

Good.

Let's look at how to make short forms, contractions, with "be." Schauen wir uns an, wie man Kurzformen, Kontraktionen, mit „be“ macht. Vediamo come creare forme brevi, contrazioni, con "be". "be"로 짧은 형태인 축약어를 만드는 방법을 살펴 보겠습니다. Przyjrzyjmy się, jak tworzyć krótkie formy, skróty ze słowem „być”.

When we speak, we often make short forms, also called contractions, with "be." Wenn wir sprechen, machen wir oft Kurzformen, auch Kontraktionen genannt, mit „be“. 우리는 말할 때 종종 "be"를 사용하여 축약이라고도 하는 짧은 형태를 만듭니다.

What am I talking about? Wovon rede ich? De que é que estou a falar?

You saw the example: "I am 29 years old." Sie haben das Beispiel gesehen: "Ich bin 29 Jahre alt."

We don't usually say this. Normalerweise sagen wir das nicht.

We usually say, "I'm 29 years old."

"I'm" is a short form, or contraction. „Ich bin“ ist eine Kurzform oder Kontraktion.

We take two words and put them together. Берем два слова и соединяем их.

This is easier to say. Das ist einfacher gesagt. Это проще сказать.

Let's look at some more short forms with the verb "be." Schauen wir uns einige weitere Kurzformen mit dem Verb „be“ an.

"I am --> I'm."

"You are --> You're."

"He is --> He's."

"She is --> She's." "Ela é --> Ela é."

"It is --> It's."

"We are --> We're."

"They are --> They're."

You can also make short forms with nouns. Sie können auch Kurzformen mit Substantiven bilden.

"Sarah is a student --> Sarah's a student."

"My camera is Japanese --> My camera's Japanese." "Meine Kamera ist japanisch --> Meine Kamera ist japanisch".

What about short forms with negatives? Was ist mit Kurzformen mit Verneinungen?

Let's look. Lass uns schauen.

"I am not --> I'm not."

"You are not --> You aren't; You're not."

"He is not --> He isn't; He's not." "Ele não é --> Ele não é; Ele não é".

"She is not --> She isn't; She's not."

"It is not --> It isn't; It's not."

"We are not --> We aren't; We're not."

"They are not --> They aren't; They're not."

Let's look at some examples: "I am not 29."

"I'm not 29."

"He is not a doctor."

"He isn't a doctor," or: "He's not a doctor."

OK, your turn. OK, du bist dran.

"It is not a cookbook."

What are the two short forms? Какие две краткие формы?

"It isn't a cookbook," or: "It's not a cookbook." "Não é um livro de receitas", ou: "Não é um livro de receitas".

Let's do one more: "They are not German."

Can you make the short forms?

"They aren't German," or: "They're not German."

When you speak English, remember to use short forms with "be." Wenn Sie Englisch sprechen, denken Sie daran, Kurzformen mit „be“ zu verwenden.

You'll sound more natural. Sie klingen natürlicher. Вы будете звучать более естественно.

Let's learn to do one more thing with "be." Lass uns lernen, noch etwas mit „be“ zu machen.

Let's see how to use "be" to make simple yes/no questions.

Look at the sentence: "He is a doctor."

Can you make a yes/no question from this sentence? Kannst du aus diesem Satz eine Ja/Nein-Frage machen? Consegues fazer uma pergunta de sim/não a partir desta frase?

"Is he a doctor?"

What happened?

We moved the verb "be" to the beginning.

Let's look at another example.

"Sarah is a student."

Can you make the question?

"Is Sarah a student?"

OK, one more, a bit different: "You are Italian." Хорошо, еще один, немного другой: «Вы итальянец».

Can you make the question?

"Are you Italian?" "És italiano?"

The same thing happens. Dasselbe passiert. Succede la stessa cosa. То же самое происходит.

Just move "be" to the beginning.

What about, "They are German?" Was ist mit "Sie sind Deutsche?"

Can you make the question?

"Are they German?"

Same idea again. Опять та же идея.

Not too difficult, right?

Okay.

Let's review what we've studied in this class. Давайте повторим, что мы изучали на этом уроке.

Can you remember what you learned in this lesson? Consegues lembrar-te do que aprendeste nesta lição?

We saw how to make simple sentences with "be," how to make short forms with "be," and how

to make simple questions with "be." um einfache Fragen mit "be" zu stellen.

Remember, you can watch the video again to review the topic if you want to.

Want more practice?

Look at the full lesson on our website: www.oxfordonlineenglish.com.

That's the end of the lesson.

Thanks very much for watching.

I hope you found it useful.

See you next time! Até à próxima!