How to Talk About Illness and Medicine in English Wie man auf Englisch über Krankheit und Medizin spricht How to Talk About Illness and Medicine in English Cómo hablar de enfermedad y medicina en inglés Comment parler de la maladie et de la médecine en anglais Come parlare di malattia e medicina in inglese 病気と医療について英語でどう話すか 영어로 질병과 의학에 대해 이야기하는 방법 Kaip kalbėti apie ligas ir mediciną anglų kalba Jak rozmawiać o chorobie i medycynie w języku angielskim Como falar sobre doenças e medicina em inglês Как говорить о болезнях и медицине на английском языке Hastalık ve Tıp Hakkında İngilizce Nasıl Konuşulur? Як говорити про хворобу та ліки англійською мовою 如何用英语谈论疾病和医学 如何用英语谈论疾病和医学

Hi, I'm Oli. Olá, eu sou Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English! Bem-vindo ao Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you can learn how to talk about illness, medicine and healthcare in In dieser Lektion lernen Sie, wie Sie über Krankheit, Medizin und Gesundheitsfürsorge sprechen können in Nesta lição, você pode aprender a falar sobre doença, medicina e saúde em

English.

You'll learn how to deal with a visit to the doctor's office, how to talk about different

healthcare systems, how to talk about going to hospital, and more.

First, don't forget to check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

You can study English with our free lessons, including videos, listening lessons, and quizzes.

If you're looking for online English classes, you can choose from one of our many professional

teachers.

Take a look: Oxford Online English dot com.

Let's start by looking at language you can use if you need to see a doctor.

So, what can I do for you today?

Well, I've been having these headaches, just behind my eyes. Nun, ich habe diese Kopfschmerzen, direkt hinter den Augen. Well, I've been having these headaches, just behind my eyes.

How long have you been having them? Wie lange haben Sie sie schon?

For about a week now. For about a week now.

They aren't constant—they come and go, but they're really painful. Они не постоянны - то появляются, то исчезают, но они очень болезненны.

Do you have a fever?

No, I don't think so.

Any respiratory symptoms? Any respiratory symptoms? Jakieś objawy ze strony układu oddechowego? Какие-нибудь респираторные симптомы?

How do you mean? Jak to? Что вы имеете в виду?

For example, do you have a blocked nose, a sore throat, a cough, or anything like that? For example, do you have a blocked nose, a sore throat, a cough, or anything like that? Na przykład, czy masz zatkany nos, ból gardła, kaszel lub coś podobnego?

No, nothing like that.

Is this the first time you've had a problem like this?

As far as I can remember, yeah. So weit ich mich erinnern kann, ja. Z tego co pamiętam, to tak. Насколько я помню, да.

OK, please sit on the bed over here. Хорошо, пожалуйста, садитесь на кровать.

I need to check your pulse and blood pressure. Muszę sprawdzić puls i ciśnienie krwi.

I'll also need to check your lymph nodes to see if they're swollen. Muszę również sprawdzić węzły chłonne, aby sprawdzić, czy są spuchnięte. Мне также нужно будет проверить ваши лимфатические узлы, чтобы узнать, не опухли ли они.

In the dialogue, the doctor asked many questions. 対話の中で、医者は多くの質問をしました。

Can you remember any?

Typically, the doctor will ask about your symptoms, your medical history, and about

medication which you're taking.

To ask about your symptoms, the doctor might ask ‘Do you have a fever?'

‘Do you have a cough?'

‘Do you have a sore throat?'

The doctor might ask more questions about a specific symptom.

For example: ‘How long have you been feeling like this?' Na przykład: „Jak długo się tak czujesz?”

‘Is this the first time you've had a problem like this?' Это первый раз, когда у вас возникают подобные проблемы?

‘How severe is the pain?' „Jak silny jest ból?” Насколько сильна боль?

If you're describing your symptoms, it's common to use the present perfect tense, especially Wenn Sie Ihre Symptome beschreiben, ist es üblich, das Präsens im Perfekt zu verwenden, insbesondere Jeśli opisujesz swoje objawy, często używasz zwłaszcza czasu teraźniejszego doskonałego Если вы описываете свои симптомы, то обычно используете настоящее совершенное время, особенно

for a problem that appears repeatedly. für ein Problem, das wiederholt auftritt. w przypadku powtarzającego się problemu. для решения проблемы, которая возникает неоднократно.

For example: ‘I've been having really bad headaches.' Zum Beispiel: "Ich habe sehr starke Kopfschmerzen". Na przykład: „Miałem naprawdę silne bóle głowy”. Например: "У меня очень сильно болит голова".

‘I've been having some stomach problems.' 「私はいくつかの胃の問題を抱えています。」

‘I've been having a lot of problems getting to sleep.' „Miałem wiele problemów z zasypianiem”.

You could also add a time period, as in: ‘I've had this cough for a week now.' Sie können auch einen Zeitraum angeben, wie z. B.: 'Ich habe diesen Husten jetzt seit einer Woche. 次のように、期間を追加することもできます。「この咳が1週間続いた。」 Możesz także dodać przedział czasu, na przykład: „Kaszel mam od tygodnia”.

To describe more stable symptoms, use the present simple tense. Um stabilere Symptome zu beschreiben, verwenden Sie das einfache Präsens. より安定した症状を説明するには、現在形を使用します。

For example: ‘I have a swelling in my right knee.' Zum Beispiel: "Ich habe eine Schwellung im rechten Knie".

‘I have this rash on my arm.' Ich habe diesen Ausschlag auf meinem Arm.

After you describe your symptoms, the doctor might do some basic checks on you. После того как вы опишите свои симптомы, врач может провести несколько основных обследований.

For example, he or she might want to take your pulse check your blood pressure Par exemple, il ou elle pourrait vouloir prendre votre pouls vérifier votre tension artérielle

or listen to your heartbeat or breathing using a stethoscope.

Next, the doctor will suggest further treatment, and possibly prescribe medicine for you to Als Nächstes wird der Arzt die weitere Behandlung vorschlagen und Ihnen möglicherweise Medikamente verschreiben, die Następnie lekarz zaproponuje dalsze leczenie i ewentualnie przepisze lekarstwo

take.

Are you taking any medication currently? Czy bierzesz obecnie jakieś leki?

No, nothing.

Any allergies?

No.

I'm going to prescribe you some painkillers.

Take one as soon as you feel your headaches starting.

If you're still in pain after an hour, take a second one.

Don't take more than two pills in four hours, or more than six pills in a 24-hour period.

OK…

Also, don't drink alcohol or take any other anti-inflammatories while you're taking

these.

Can't you do some more tests? Nie możesz zrobić więcej testów? Вы не можете провести еще несколько тестов?

What if it's something more serious?

If you're still having the same problem in two weeks, then we'll need to investigate

further.

These things often clear up by themselves. これらのことはしばしばそれ自体で解決します。 Te rzeczy często wyjaśniają się same. Такие вещи часто проясняются сами собой.

You should also make sure you get enough sleep, stay hydrated, and avoid stress if possible. Powinieneś także upewnić się, że śpisz wystarczająco dużo, pozostajesz nawodniony i unikasz stresu, jeśli to możliwe. Кроме того, вы должны высыпаться, не пропускать воду и по возможности избегать стрессов.

Do I have to pay for the prescription? Должен ли я платить за рецепт?

You pay a seven-pound prescription fee. Вы платите семь фунтов за рецепт.

I'm giving you enough pills to last four weeks, so you should have enough. Я даю вам столько таблеток, чтобы хватило на четыре недели, так что вам должно хватить.

Can I take it to any chemist's? 化学者に持っていってもいいですか？ Czy mogę to zanieść do dowolnej apteki?

Yes, of course.

There's a pharmacy in the supermarket around the corner. В супермаркете за углом есть аптека. В супермаркете за углом есть аптека.

You could get your medicine there.

OK, I'll do that.

Thank you.

Doctors can prescribe you medicine or other treatments.

They do this by writing what you need on a piece of paper—a prescription. Robią to, zapisując to, czego potrzebujesz na kartce papieru - receptę. Для этого они пишут на листе бумаги то, что вам нужно, - рецепт.

‘Prescribe' is the verb, and ‘prescription' is the noun.

You can also use the noun ‘prescription' to refer to the medicine which a doctor prescribes

for you.

For example, you could say: ‘The doctor prescribed antihistamines, but they didn't

help.'

‘I lost my prescription, so I'll have to call the doctor and see if she can send

me a replacement.' мне замену".

Antihistamines are often taken by people who have allergies.

In the dialogue, do you remember what kind of medicine the doctor prescribed?

She prescribed painkillers.

Common painkillers are paracetamol and ibuprofen. Обычные болеутоляющие средства - парацетамол и ибупрофен.

Painkillers may also be anti-inflammatories—they reduce fever and swelling.

After you have your prescription, you can collect your medicine from a pharmacy—also Po otrzymaniu recepty możesz również odebrać lek w aptece После получения рецепта вы можете забрать лекарство из аптеки - также

called a chemist's in UK English, although both words are used. В британском английском языке он называется "аптекой", хотя используются оба слова.

The doctor or pharmacist might also give you advice on how to take your medicine.

For example: ‘Take one pill every twelve hours.'

‘Make sure you take the pills with food.'

‘Avoid alcohol while you're taking these, or they might not be as effective.' 「これらを服用している間はアルコールを避けてください。そうしないと、効果が低下する可能性があります。」

Finally, the doctor might also give you some more general advice. Наконец, врач может дать вам и более общие советы.

In the dialogue, the doctor mentioned three things.

Do you remember them?

I said ‘You should also make sure you get enough sleep, stay hydrated, and avoid

stress if possible.'

Last question for this section: what happens if you don't stay hydrated?

If you don't stay hydrated by drinking enough fluids, you'll get dehydrated.

Next, let's look at language to use if you aren't sure where to go or how to get medical Далее рассмотрим, какие слова следует использовать, если вы не уверены, куда идти или как получить медицинскую помощь

help.

So, weird question, but what do I do if I need to see a doctor? Dziwne pytanie, ale co mam zrobić, jeśli muszę iść do lekarza? Странный вопрос, но что мне делать, если мне нужно обратиться к врачу?

I've never been to hospital or anything here, and I have no idea how it works.

You have insurance?

No.

No?

Anyway, what's wrong with you? В любом случае, что с тобой не так?

Nothing much.

I have this swelling in my wrist, and it's a little uncomfortable to move it.

I'd just like to get it checked out. Chciałbym to tylko sprawdzić. Я просто хочу проверить это.

Well, you could go to a public hospital.

I think as a resident you're entitled to free public healthcare, but even if you have 居住者として、あなたは無料の公的医療を受ける資格があると思いますが、 Myślę, że jako mieszkaniec masz prawo do bezpłatnej publicznej opieki zdrowotnej, ale nawet jeśli masz

to pay, it won't be much. 支払うために、それは多くはありません。

You might have to wait for a long time, though.

You mean, you have to wait to see a doctor?

Yes, that too, but I meant that after you see a doctor, it might be a long time before Да, и это тоже, но я имел в виду, что после посещения врача может пройти много времени.

you get any treatment. вы получите любое лечение.

From what I hear, the public health system is really overstretched at the moment, and 私が聞いたところによると、現在、公衆衛生システムは本当に行き過ぎであり、

people have to wait weeks or months for treatment.

So, you have private health insurance? Więc masz prywatne ubezpieczenie zdrowotne? Значит, у вас есть частная медицинская страховка?

Yeah, most people do.

You could also go to a private clinic, or just go to a GP and let him or her refer you

to the right specialist if you need further treatment.

Would that be very expensive? Czy to byłoby bardzo drogie? Это будет очень дорого?

A GP appointment normally costs about 40 or 50 Euros. Прием врача общей практики обычно стоит около 40 или 50 евро.

For further treatment, it depends what you need, obviously.

Of course, if you're uninsured, it'll be more expensive, but it's not likely to Oczywiście, jeśli nie jesteś ubezpieczony, będzie to droższe, ale jest mało prawdopodobne

be ridiculous. być śmiesznym.

Maybe I'll do that, then. Może w takim razie to zrobię.

I'd prefer to get it looked at sooner. Wolałbym wcześniej to obejrzeć. Я бы предпочел, чтобы его осмотрели раньше.

Can you recommend anyone? Вы можете кого-нибудь порекомендовать?

I can give you the details for my GP. Я могу дать вам данные моего терапевта.

There's also a website I can show you where you can find a doctor closer to where you

live, if you like.

That sounds great.

Thanks.

In your country, if you need to see a doctor, what do you do first?

Can you go directly to a hospital, or do you need to go to a GP or smaller clinic first?

Let's take the UK as an example.

Most people in the UK use public healthcare, which is almost completely free.

Some people choose to buy private insurance, which can give you more choice about where

and when you get treatment.

If you're using public healthcare, you'll generally register with a GP.

‘GP' stands for ‘general practitioner', meaning a doctor who doesn't specialise „GP” oznacza „lekarza ogólnego”, co oznacza lekarza bez specjalizacji

in one area.

GPs mostly work in small clinics, not in hospitals. Lekarze rodzinni pracują głównie w małych przychodniach, a nie w szpitalach.

If you have a problem, you'll go to your GP first.

Your GP will then help you to arrange further treatment if you need it.

For example, your GP might refer you to a specialist if you need more targeted treatment.

In other countries, most people have healthcare insurance.

In some places, healthcare can be very expensive if you're uninsured.

What about in your country?

Look at three questions:

One: do most people use public healthcare, or is it more usual to buy private health Po pierwsze: czy większość ludzi korzysta z publicznej opieki zdrowotnej, czy raczej kupuje prywatną opiekę zdrowotną

insurance?

Two: is public healthcare high-quality and reliable? Po drugie: czy publiczna opieka zdrowotna jest wysokiej jakości i niezawodna?

Why or why not? Dlaczego lub dlaczego nie?

Three: are all residents entitled to free public healthcare, or are there restrictions?

Could you answer these questions?

Try it!

Say an answer out loud, or write it down. Произнесите ответ вслух или запишите его.

Or, do both!

Remember that you might need to repeat and practise your answer several times, so that

it is fluent and clear.

Did you do it?

If so, feel free to share your answers with other learners in the comments. もしそうなら、コメントで他の学習者とあなたの答えを自由に共有してください。

Let's move on. 次へ移りましょう。

What happens if you have a more serious health issue, and you need to stay in hospital?

Have you heard about what happened to Louis?

No, what?

He went to the doctor's for a routine check-up, and they discovered he had a major cardiac Он пришел к врачу на плановый осмотр, и у него обнаружили серьезное сердечное заболевание.

problem.

They sent him to A&E; right away; they wouldn't let him go home even for an hour. Wysłali go na ostry dyżur; od razu; nie pozwolili mu wrócić do domu nawet na godzinę. Then, he had surgery the same day. В тот же день ему была сделана операция.

No way! Nie ma mowy! Не может быть!

I saw him on Tuesday.

He looked absolutely fine.

Yeah, I was shocked, too.

Anyway, we should go and see him, don't you think? В любом случае, нам стоит навестить его, как вы думаете?

He would probably appreciate some company. 彼はおそらくいくつかの会社に感謝するでしょう。 Pewnie doceniłby jakieś towarzystwo.

Sure…

How long are they keeping him in?

From what I heard, they want to monitor him for a few days, and then he can go home. Как я слышал, они хотят понаблюдать за ним несколько дней, а потом он сможет отправиться домой.

So, when can we go?

Do they have set visiting hours? Czy mają ustalone godziny odwiedzin? Есть ли у них определенные часы посещения?

Yeah, it's in the afternoon some time. Tak, jest gdzieś po południu. Да, в дневное время.

I can check on their website. Mogę sprawdzić na ich stronie.

Let me check with his wife, too, because I'm sure she'll be spending time there, and

I think there's a two-visitor maximum. Я думаю, там максимум два посетителя.

I hope he's alright.

I've never had an operation or had to stay overnight in hospital, but I imagine it's

fairly miserable.

Yup, you're not wrong. Да, вы не ошиблись.

Hopefully he'll be discharged soon.

We should take him some fruit or something nice to eat.

Can we do that? Можем ли мы это сделать?

I think so, but I'll check to be sure. Думаю, да, но я проверю, чтобы убедиться.

Look at a sentence from the dialogue: ‘They sent him to A&E; right away.' Do you know what ‘A&E;' means? A&E; stands for ‘accident and emergency'. It's the hospital department where you go if you have a serious medical issue.

In American English it's commonly called ‘ER'—‘emergency room'.

Let's look at four more sentences from the dialogue.

In each sentence, there's a word missing. W każdym zdaniu brakuje słowa. В каждом предложении пропущено одно слово.

Can you remember the missing words? Сможете ли вы вспомнить недостающие слова?

If not, you can also go back and review the dialogue to find them, if you want!

Did you find the missing words?

Let's look.

‘How long are they keeping him in?'

means ‘How long will he have to stay in hospital?'

‘They' here refers to the hospital staff. „Oni” odnosi się tutaj do personelu szpitala. Под "ними" здесь подразумевается персонал больницы.

Hospitals have visiting hours, when you can go and spend time with your friends and relatives

who are staying there.

Even if you need to go to hospital, you might be an outpatient, meaning that you go to hospital, Даже если вам нужно лечь в больницу, вы можете быть амбулаторным пациентом, то есть ходить в больницу,

do what you need, and then go home again.

The opposite is ‘inpatient', meaning that you need to stay overnight.

When you're ready to leave hospital and go home, they discharge you. Когда вы будете готовы покинуть больницу и отправиться домой, вас выпишут.

You can discharge yourself earlier, but your doctors might try to persuade you to stay

longer.

Now, let's look at our final section: recovering from a health problem. Теперь давайте рассмотрим последний раздел: восстановление после проблем со здоровьем.

So, how are you feeling?

Quite fragile, to be honest. 正直言って、かなり壊れやすいです。 Dość kruche, szczerze mówiąc.

I mean, I feel better than I did, but it's a long process.

Well, that's to be expected. Cóż, tego należy się spodziewać. Что ж, этого следовало ожидать.

You had a major operation. Miałeś poważną operację. Вы перенесли серьезную операцию.

How long do they say it'll take to recover? Mówią, że ile czasu zajmie powrót do zdrowia?

They don't give exact answers to things like that. Nie dają dokładnych odpowiedzi na takie rzeczy.

I guess every case is different, but they said I should be back to normal in around Наверное, каждый случай индивидуален, но они сказали, что я должна прийти в норму примерно через

three months.

Three months?!

Obviously I won't be like this for three months, or at least I hope not. 明らかに、私は3か月間このようにはならないでしょう、あるいは少なくとも私はそうしないことを望みます。 Oczywiście nie będę taki przez trzy miesiące, a przynajmniej mam taką nadzieję.

I get tired so easily right now. Tak łatwo się teraz męczę.

They told me I should get some strength back in a couple of weeks. Powiedzieli mi, że za kilka tygodni powinienem odzyskać siły. Мне сказали, что я смогу восстановить силы через пару недель.

Do you have to go back in for any more tests? Czy musisz iść jeszcze raz na jakieś badania? Вам нужно снова пройти какие-нибудь обследования?

I have to go tomorrow to get the incision cleaned and dressed. Jutro muszę iść na oczyszczenie i opatrzenie nacięcia. Завтра мне нужно идти на чистку и перевязку разреза.

It's a big wound, so that'll take a while to heal just by itself. To duża rana, więc samo zagojenie zajmie trochę czasu. Это большая рана, так что заживление само по себе займет немало времени.

Apart from that, I think I have to go back in a month or so for an ECG. Poza tym myślę, że muszę wrócić za jakiś miesiąc na EKG. Кроме этого, я думаю, что через месяц или около того мне нужно будет снова пройти ЭКГ.

Maybe there's more, but I'm not focusing on that right now. たぶんもっとあるかもしれませんが、私は今それに焦点を合わせていません。 Może jest tego więcej, ale nie skupiam się teraz na tym.

One day at a time! 一日一日！ Jeden dzień na raz! Один день за раз!

Do you need any help with anything? 何か助けが必要ですか？

Please ask if you do.

I'd love to help if I can.

That's kind of you! Miło z twojej strony!

If you want, you could take me for a walk. Если хочешь, можешь взять меня на прогулку.

I'm not supposed to go outside by myself, but it's nice to get some fresh air. 私は一人で外に出るつもりはありませんが、新鮮な空気を得るのはいいことです。 Nie powinienem sam wychodzić na zewnątrz, ale miło jest zaczerpnąć świeżego powietrza. Мне нельзя выходить на улицу одной, но так приятно подышать свежим воздухом.

I start going crazy if I'm just stuck in bed or at home all day. 一日中ベッドや家で立ち往生していると、夢中になり始めます。

Sure, how about tomorrow?

That would be great!

Come by any time.

Let's look at some language you heard in the dialogue.

Do you remember how this language was used? Czy pamiętasz, jak używano tego języka?

Could you explain what these sentences mean?

Remember, you can pause the video to think, or go back and review the dialogue if you Pamiętaj, że możesz zatrzymać film, aby pomyśleć, lub wrócić i przejrzeć dialog, jeśli chcesz

need to.

‘Fragile' is similar to weak.

It's often used to describe things which break easily, like china plates or things Его часто используют для описания вещей, которые легко разбиваются, например, фарфоровых тарелок или предметов

made of glass.

If you're feeling fragile, you feel weak and ill.

If you're recovering from a serious illness or an operation, you'll need to get your Если вы восстанавливаетесь после тяжелой болезни или операции, вам необходимо получить

strength back.

You also heard the phrase ‘get back to normal'. 「通常に戻る」というフレーズも聞いたことがあります。

For example: ‘It'll take a few weeks to get back to normal.'

A wound is an opening or a cut in your skin.

If you have an operation, the surgeon will need to make an opening in your skin, which

needs to heal afterwards. musi się później leczyć.

Finally, ‘one day at a time' is a phrase which means you focus on the present, rather

than thinking about the future.

You can use it when you're dealing with a difficult or complex situation.

You can also use the longer phrase ‘take things one day at a time.' Możesz także użyć dłuższej frazy „bierz rzeczy jeden dzień na raz”.

For example: ‘Everything's so busy right now. Na przykład: „Wszystko jest teraz takie zajęte.

I can't make plans for next year. Nie mogę planować na przyszły rok.

I'm just taking things one day at a time.' Po prostu biorę rzeczy dzień po dniu.

Of course, we hope you don't need the language you've seen in this lesson. Oczywiście mamy nadzieję, że nie potrzebujesz języka, który znasz z tej lekcji.

But, we still hope it was useful for you.

Thanks for watching!

See you next time!