×

We use cookies to help make LingQ better. By visiting the site, you agree to our cookie policy.

Start learning this lesson now
image

Oxford Online English, How to Improve Your English Writing - English Writing Lesson

How to Improve Your English Writing - English Writing Lesson

Hello.

I'm Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you can learn about how to improve your English writing.

Learning to write well is often the most difficult skill for English learners.

Writing well requires great control of language and extreme attention to detail.

Even then, it's not easy, even for native speakers.

In this video, you can see some advice that will help you to improve your English writing,

whatever level your English is now.

First, understand your audience.

Before you start writing, you need to answer two questions.

Question one: who are you writing for?

Are you writing for your friend, your colleague, your teacher, your manager, an examiner, who?

Secondly, what are you trying to achieve?

Are you trying to give someone information?

Are you trying to convince somebody of your point of view?

Are you trying to entertain somebody and make them laugh?

Are you just trying to pass an exam, or are you trying to achieve several different things?

Thinking about your purpose in writing can really help you to organize your ideas.

Now these questions: who are you writing for, and what do you want to achieve, they are

important.

But there's an even more important question: what does your reader want?

Remember, when you write, you're normally writing for someone else, unless you're writing

a diary or a journal for yourself, in which case you can write however you want.

Normally, however, you're writing for another person.

Whoever reads your writing will give their time and their attention to read what you've

written.

Why?

Why will someone give their time to read what you've written?

Okay, so for example, if you're writing an essay at school or at university for your

teacher, your teacher will spend time reading your essay to see if you've understood the

topic or not.

If you're writing an email or a letter to a friend, your friend will probably want to

hear some news about your life and maybe hear some funny stories.

If you're writing in an exam, the examiner will be looking for some specific things which

you do or don't do in your writing in order to decide your score.

Understanding your reader, or your readers, and understanding what they want from your

writing is essential.

You need to think about this from the beginning to the end of the writing process.

So are you ready to start writing yet?

Not quite.

Next, you need to plan your writing.

If you don't plan your writing, there's a good chance you will miss out some important

ideas, you won't include them in your writing, or you might include some unnecessary ideas

that will confuse your reader and make your purpose unclear.

Have you ever written something and got stuck in the middle?

You start a paragraph, or you start a sentence, and in the middle you stop and you think,

"What am I doing?

Where am I going?

What do I say next?

Uh, help!"

Why does this happen?

Often it happens because you haven't planned enough.

Imagine that you're in a new city and you're trying to find your way somewhere.

You don't have a map, you don't have a smartphone, there's nobody you can ask.

Of course, you'll get lost.

You'll go down streets without knowing where they go.

You'll go around in circles.

If you do find the place you were looking for, it will just be because you were lucky.

Writing without planning is very similar.

You'll start sentences or paragraphs without knowing where they're going.

You'll waste lots of time writing things, deleting them, rewriting them, deleting them,

writing them again.

If you do achieve your goal, it will only be because you were lucky.

Remember, you're writing for someone else, and you're writing for a reason.

That means you have a goal, even if it's a simple goal.

You need to have a plan of how you're going to reach that goal.

That means you need to think about these questions: what are you going to include?

What are you going to leave out?

And, how are you going to organize your ideas?

If you're writing something simple, you might just think for a minute or two about what

to say.

If you're writing something longer and more complex like a long essay, you might need

to make a written plan.

So what points should you include and what points should you leave out?

Well, that's a general question.

If you're not sure, think about your goal and your reader's needs.

Ask yourself, "Does my reader need to know this?

Will my reader want to know this?

Does including this point, or including this idea, help me to reach my goal?"

Thinking about these questions will help you to decide what to include in your writing

and what to leave out.

What about the third question: how are you going to organize your ideas?

Let's look.

You need to organize your ideas into clear paragraphs.

Organizing your ideas into paragraphs is important for many reasons.

It helps your reader understand what your main points are.

It helps your reader see where you're going and why, and it helps you to stay focused

on your plan and reaching your goal.

So what does it mean in practice to organize your ideas into clear paragraphs?

Firstly, each paragraph should have one main idea.

If you're writing an essay and you have a list of points to include, put one point in

each paragraph.

Even if you're writing something shorter or simpler, you still need to organize your ideas

into paragraphs.

Don't try to do too much.

Your writing will be much clearer and much easier to read if each paragraph is only trying

to do one thing.

An extra point: there's no minimum or maximum length for a paragraph.

Sometimes when I teach students writing, they try to make paragraphs longer because they

say, "Oh, this paragraph is too short.

It needs more words, it needs more sentences."

No, a paragraph should be as long as it needs to be to make your point.

There's no minimum length.

Next, you need to decide how many paragraphs you're going to have and what you're going

to put in each one.

Remember, this is still part of planning.

We haven't even written a single word yet.

Again, you could do this planning in your head, or you could make some short notes,

or you could make a more detailed written plan.

It depends how much time you have, what you're trying to write, and how important it is.

But the important point is when you start writing, you won't have to think about questions

like, "What do I put in this paragraph?

How many more paragraphs do I need?

How am I going to finish this sentence?

You will have thought about all of these things already.

This will make it much easier to write whatever you're trying to write.

Okay, so now you're ready to start writing.

What next?

Part four: cut empty words and sentences.

There's a simple rule you can use to make your English writing better and clearer: write

as little as possible.

Let's look at some examples.

First, don't use two words if you can use one word.

Don't use three words if you can use two words.

For example, don't say "very tired," say, "exhausted."

"Very" is generally a weak word, and it should be avoided.

It doesn't add much to your meaning.

The same is true for words like "really" or "absolutely."

Use these words as little as possible.

They're very rarely necessary.

Don't say "as a result" if you can say "consequently."

Don't say "on the other hand" if you can say "nevertheless."

Use fewer words.

Don't say, "This will get better in the future," say, "This will improve in the future."

Don't say, "She gave me a lot of help," say, "She helped me a lot," or even, "She helped

me greatly," or just cut "greatly" and say, "She helped me," if you can.

Use fewer words.

Don't say, "Maybe this will solve the problem," say, "This will solve the problem."

Words like "maybe" or "perhaps" are generally not necessary.

If you're not sure about something, do you really need to include it?

If you do want to include something that you're not sure about, use verbs like "might" or

"could."

Say, "This might solve the problem."

Don't say, "We need to find someone who can teach our son," say, "We need to find a teacher

for our son."

Cut unnecessary words and use as few words as possible.

You can also look at sentences.

In essays, many people tend to include sentences like, "There are many advantages and disadvantages

to this.

Of course, there are two sides to this issue.

In this essay, I will discuss all the ideas relevant to this point."

What do these sentences tell you?

Do they give you any useful or relevant information?

No, and so they should be cut.

Why is this important?

Well, using fewer words and fewer sentences will make your writing clearer and easier

to read.

It will also help you to focus on what you want to say.

Try to look at each sentence you write and think, "What does this add to my ideas?

What does this give my reader?

How does this help me reach my goal in writing this?"

If you can't answer these questions, consider cutting it, or try to make it shorter.

It's not easy to write in this way.

You won't be able to watch this video and go away and write like this.

Even in this script, there are probably several places where I could use my own advice!

However, you can try thinking about it the next time you write something in English.

Over time you can learn the habit of cutting empty words and sentences from your writing.

Your writing will be much better and much clearer if you can learn to do this.

Next, let's look at some more advice to make your writing clearer and easier to read.

Use short simple sentences where possible.

Shorter sentences are easier to read and understand.

That's not my opinion, that's a fact.

There's a lot of research behind it.

Longer sentences are harder to read and harder to understand, generally.

If you're a non-native speaker of English, writing longer sentences is especially dangerous.

There's a higher chance you'll make some grammatical or language errors which will make your sentence

difficult to read, or even worse, hard to understand.

How long is too long?

Well, 10 words is a good target length, 10 to 20 words is okay.

Longer than 20 words--this is dangerous.

There's a high chance your sentence will become unclear and difficult to read.

So how can you do this?

Well first, remember what we talked about before.

Using fewer words will make your sentences shorter and tighter.

Here are some other rules you can use to keep your sentences shorter and clearer.

First, don't use the passive voice unless you have a good reason.

Using the passive always makes a sentence longer and more complex.

Now, sometimes it's fine to use the passive, but not if you don't have a good reason.

If you want to use the passive, make sure you know why you're using it, and make sure

it's really necessary.

Secondly, start your sentence with the subject whenever possible.

Thirdly, don't use relative clauses, with who, which, that, where, etc., unless it's

really necessary.

When you use a conjunction, like "and" or "but," or "or," and so on, think, "Do these

two ideas really need to go together?"

If they don't, consider breaking your sentence into two shorter pieces.

To be clear, long sentences are not automatically bad.

Good writers can produce long sentences which are clear, and focused, and elegant.

If you're writing about a particularly complex topic, you might need to use longer, more

complex sentences to express more complex ideas.

The point is you should only use a longer, more complex sentence if it's really necessary.

If you can express the same point in a shorter, simpler sentence, you should.

Let's review what we've talked about today.

First, you need to understand who you're writing for and what they want from your writing.

Secondly, before you start writing, you need to have a plan.

You need to know what you're going to include, what you're going to leave out, and how you're

going to organize your ideas.

Thirdly, your ideas should always be organized into clear paragraphs with one main idea per

paragraph.

Fourth, cut unnecessary words and sentences.

And fifth, use shorter, simpler sentences where you can.

Follow these points, and I guarantee your writing will get better.

I'm not just saying that.

I use these points when I write something or edit something, and I see the difference.

Even now, I'm still learning this.

You're never finished.

Follow these points, and you will see a difference.

Okay.

That's the end of the lesson.

Thank you very much for watching.

If you want to see more of our free lessons, check out our website, oxfordonlineenglish.com.

That's all.

Thanks again!

I'll see you next time.

Bye-bye!

How to Improve Your English Writing - English Writing Lesson So verbessern Sie Ihr Englischschreiben - Englische Schreibstunde Cómo mejorar su escritura en inglés - Lección de escritura en inglés Comment améliorer votre écriture en anglais - Leçon d'écriture en anglais Come migliorare la scrittura in inglese - Lezione di scrittura inglese 英作文の上達法-英作文レッスン 영어 작문 실력을 향상시키는 방법 - 영어 작문 수업 Kaip pagerinti anglų kalbos rašymą - anglų kalbos rašymo pamoka Hoe je Engels schrijven verbeteren - Engelse schrijfles Jak poprawić pisanie po angielsku - lekcja pisania po angielsku Como melhorar a sua escrita em inglês - Aula de escrita em inglês Как улучшить английское письмо - Урок английского языка İngilizce Yazınızı Nasıl Geliştirebilirsiniz - İngilizce Yazma Dersi Як покращити своє письмо англійською мовою - урок письма англійською мовою 如何提高英语写作 - 英语写作课 如何提升英語寫作 - 英語寫作課

Hello.

I'm Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

In this lesson, you can learn about how to improve your English writing.

Learning to write well is often the most difficult skill for English learners. Gut schreiben zu lernen ist oft die schwierigste Fähigkeit für Englischlernende. Научиться хорошо писать часто является самым трудным навыком для изучающих английский язык.

Writing well requires great control of language and extreme attention to detail. Gutes Schreiben erfordert eine große Beherrschung der Sprache und extreme Aufmerksamkeit für Details. Writing well requires great control of language and extreme attention to detail. Escrever bem requer grande controlo da linguagem e extrema atenção aos detalhes.

Even then, it's not easy, even for native speakers. Auch dann ist es nicht einfach, selbst für Muttersprachler. Mesmo assim, não é fácil, mesmo para falantes nativos. Даже тогда это непросто, даже для носителей языка.

In this video, you can see some advice that will help you to improve your English writing, In this video, you can see some advice that will help you to improve your English writing, Neste vídeo, pode ver alguns conselhos que o ajudarão a melhorar a sua escrita em inglês,

whatever level your English is now. whatever level your English is now. qualquer que seja agora o nível do seu inglês. независимо от того, на каком уровне ваш английский сейчас. bất kể trình độ tiếng Anh của bạn hiện tại là bao nhiêu.

First, understand your audience. Verstehen Sie zuerst Ihr Publikum. First, understand your audience. Во-первых, поймите свою аудиторию. Öncelikle hedef kitlenizi anlayın. Đầu tiên, hãy hiểu khán giả của bạn.

Before you start writing, you need to answer two questions. Bevor Sie mit dem Schreiben beginnen, müssen Sie zwei Fragen beantworten. Before you start writing, you need to answer two questions.

Question one: who are you writing for? Frage eins: Für wen schreiben Sie? Primeira pergunta: para quem está a escrever? Вопрос первый: для кого вы пишете?

Are you writing for your friend, your colleague, your teacher, your manager, an examiner, who? Schreiben Sie für Ihren Freund, Ihren Kollegen, Ihren Lehrer, Ihren Vorgesetzten, einen Prüfer, wen? Está a escrever para o seu amigo, o seu colega, o seu professor, o seu director, um examinador, quem? Bạn đang viết cho bạn bè, đồng nghiệp, giáo viên, người quản lý, giám khảo, ai?

Secondly, what are you trying to achieve? Zweitens, was versuchst du zu erreichen? Em segundo lugar, o que está a tentar alcançar? Во-вторых, чего вы пытаетесь достичь?

Are you trying to give someone information? Versuchen Sie, jemandem Informationen zu geben? Bạn đang cố gắng cung cấp thông tin cho ai đó?

Are you trying to convince somebody of your point of view? Versuchen Sie, jemanden von Ihrem Standpunkt zu überzeugen? Bạn đang cố gắng thuyết phục ai đó về quan điểm của bạn?

Are you trying to entertain somebody and make them laugh? Versuchen Sie, jemanden zu unterhalten und ihn zum Lachen zu bringen? Está a tentar entreter alguém e fazê-lo rir? Вы пытаетесь развлечь кого-то и заставить их смеяться? Bạn đang cố gắng giải trí cho ai đó và làm họ cười?

Are you just trying to pass an exam, or are you trying to achieve several different things? Versuchen Sie nur, eine Prüfung zu bestehen, oder versuchen Sie, mehrere verschiedene Dinge zu erreichen? Вы просто пытаетесь сдать экзамен или пытаетесь достичь нескольких разных целей? Bạn chỉ đang cố gắng vượt qua một kỳ thi hay bạn đang cố gắng đạt được nhiều mục tiêu khác nhau?

Thinking about your purpose in writing can really help you to organize your ideas. Wenn Sie schriftlich über Ihren Zweck nachdenken, können Sie Ihre Ideen wirklich organisieren. Думая о своей цели в письменной форме, вы действительно можете организовать свои идеи.

Now these questions: who are you writing for, and what do you want to achieve, they are Nun diese Fragen: Für wen schreibst du und was willst du erreichen, das sind sie Agora estas perguntas: para quem está a escrever, e o que quer alcançar, elas são Şimdi bu sorular: kimin için yazıyorsunuz ve neyi başarmak istiyorsunuz, bunlar

important.

But there's an even more important question: what does your reader want? Aber es gibt eine noch wichtigere Frage: Was will Ihr Leser? Mas há uma questão ainda mais importante: o que é que o seu leitor quer? Но есть еще более важный вопрос: чего хочет ваш читатель? Ancak daha da önemli bir soru var: Okuyucunuz ne istiyor? Nhưng có một câu hỏi thậm chí còn quan trọng hơn: người đọc của bạn muốn gì?

Remember, when you write, you're normally writing for someone else, unless you're writing Denken Sie daran, wenn Sie schreiben, schreiben Sie normalerweise für jemand anderen, es sei denn, Sie schreiben Lembre-se, quando escreve, está normalmente a escrever para outra pessoa, a menos que esteja a escrever Помните, когда вы пишете, вы обычно пишете для кого-то другого, если только вы не пишете Hãy nhớ rằng, khi bạn viết, bạn thường viết cho người khác, trừ khi bạn viết

a diary or a journal for yourself, in which case you can write however you want. ein Tagebuch oder Tagebuch für dich selbst, in diesem Fall kannst du schreiben, wie du willst. um diário ou um diário para si, caso em que pode escrever como quiser. дневник или журнал для себя, и в этом случае вы можете писать, как хотите. một cuốn nhật ký hoặc nhật ký cho chính bạn, trong trường hợp đó bạn có thể viết theo cách bạn muốn.

Normally, however, you're writing for another person. Tuy nhiên, thông thường bạn đang viết cho người khác.

Whoever reads your writing will give their time and their attention to read what you've Wer auch immer Ihr Schreiben liest, wird seine Zeit und seine Aufmerksamkeit darauf verwenden, zu lesen, was Sie haben Bất cứ ai đọc bài viết của bạn sẽ dành thời gian và sự chú ý của họ để đọc những gì bạn viết.

written.

Why?

Why will someone give their time to read what you've written? Warum nimmt sich jemand Zeit, um zu lesen, was Sie geschrieben haben? Porque é que alguém vai dar o seu tempo para ler o que você escreveu? Почему кто-то будет тратить время на то, чтобы прочитать то, что вы написали? Tại sao ai đó sẽ dành thời gian để đọc những gì bạn đã viết?

Okay, so for example, if you're writing an essay at school or at university for your Okay, also zum Beispiel, wenn du in der Schule oder an der Uni einen Aufsatz für deine schreibst Được rồi, ví dụ như nếu bạn đang viết một bài luận ở trường hoặc ở trường đại học cho bài luận của mình.

teacher, your teacher will spend time reading your essay to see if you've understood the Lehrer, Ihr Lehrer wird Zeit damit verbringen, Ihren Aufsatz zu lesen, um zu sehen, ob Sie ihn verstanden haben учитель, ваш учитель потратит время на чтение вашего эссе, чтобы увидеть, поняли ли вы

topic or not. тема или нет.

If you're writing an email or a letter to a friend, your friend will probably want to

hear some news about your life and maybe hear some funny stories. höre ein paar Neuigkeiten aus deinem Leben und höre vielleicht ein paar lustige Geschichten.

If you're writing in an exam, the examiner will be looking for some specific things which Если вы пишете на экзамене, экзаменатор будет искать некоторые конкретные вещи, которые

you do or don't do in your writing in order to decide your score. Sie in Ihrem Schreiben tun oder nicht tun, um Ihre Punktzahl zu bestimmen. вы делаете или не делаете в своем письме, чтобы определить ваш счет. bạn làm hoặc không làm trong bài viết của mình để quyết định điểm số của bạn.

Understanding your reader, or your readers, and understanding what they want from your Verstehen Sie Ihren Leser oder Ihre Leser und verstehen Sie, was sie von Ihnen wollen Понимание вашего читателя или ваших читателей и понимание того, чего они хотят от вашего

writing is essential. Schreiben ist unerlässlich. письменность необходима.

You need to think about this from the beginning to the end of the writing process. Daran müssen Sie von Anfang bis Ende des Schreibprozesses denken. 執筆の最初から最後まで、このことを考える必要がある。 Musisz o tym myśleć od początku do końca procesu pisania. Вы должны думать об этом от начала до конца процесса написания.

So are you ready to start writing yet? Bist du bereit, schon mit dem Schreiben zu beginnen? So are you ready to start writing yet? Então, já está pronto para começar a escrever? Vậy bạn đã sẵn sàng để bắt đầu viết chưa?

Not quite. Nicht ganz. Не совсем. Không hẳn.

Next, you need to plan your writing. Als nächstes müssen Sie Ihr Schreiben planen.

If you don't plan your writing, there's a good chance you will miss out some important Wenn Sie Ihr Schreiben nicht planen, besteht eine gute Chance, dass Sie etwas Wichtiges verpassen 執筆の計画を立てなければ、重要なことを見逃してしまう可能性が高い。 Если вы не планируете свое письмо, есть большая вероятность, что вы пропустите что-то важное. Nếu bạn không lập kế hoạch cho bài viết của mình, rất có thể bạn sẽ bỏ lỡ một số điều quan trọng.

ideas, you won't include them in your writing, or you might include some unnecessary ideas Ideen, werden Sie sie nicht in Ihr Schreiben einbeziehen, oder Sie könnten einige unnötige Ideen einbeziehen идеи, вы не будете включать их в свое письмо, или вы можете включить некоторые ненужные идеи ý tưởng, bạn sẽ không đưa chúng vào bài viết của mình hoặc bạn có thể đưa vào một số ý tưởng không cần thiết

that will confuse your reader and make your purpose unclear. das wird Ihren Leser verwirren und Ihren Zweck unklar machen. それはあなたの読者を混乱させ、あなたの目的を不明確にするでしょう。 điều đó sẽ khiến người đọc bối rối và làm cho mục đích của bạn không rõ ràng.

Have you ever written something and got stuck in the middle? Haben Sie schon einmal etwas geschrieben und sind mittendrin hängengeblieben? Avete mai scritto qualcosa e vi siete bloccati a metà? 何かを書いて途中で立ち往生したことはありますか？ Já alguma vez escreveu alguma coisa e ficou preso no meio? Вы когда-нибудь писали что-то и застревали на середине? Bạn đã bao giờ viết một cái gì đó và bị mắc kẹt giữa chừng?

You start a paragraph, or you start a sentence, and in the middle you stop and you think, 段落を書き始めたり、文章を書き始めたりして、途中で立ち止まって考える、

"What am I doing? "O que estou a fazer? "Что я делаю?

Where am I going? Wohin gehe ich? Para onde vou? Куда я иду? Tôi đang đi đâu vậy?

What do I say next? O que dizer a seguir? Что я скажу дальше?

Uh, help!" Uh, ajuda!"

Why does this happen? Porque é que isto acontece? Почему это происходит?

Often it happens because you haven't planned enough. Oft passiert es, weil Sie nicht genug geplant haben. Acontece frequentemente porque não se planeou o suficiente. Thường thì điều đó xảy ra là do bạn chưa lên kế hoạch đầy đủ.

Imagine that you're in a new city and you're trying to find your way somewhere. Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie sind in einer neuen Stadt und versuchen, sich irgendwo zurechtzufinden. Imagine que está numa nova cidade e que está a tentar encontrar o seu caminho algures. Представьте, что вы находитесь в новом городе и пытаетесь найти дорогу куда-то. Hãy tưởng tượng rằng bạn đang ở một thành phố mới và đang cố gắng tìm đường đến một nơi nào đó.

You don't have a map, you don't have a smartphone, there's nobody you can ask. Du hast keine Karte, du hast kein Smartphone, es gibt niemanden, den du fragen kannst. Não tem um mapa, não tem um smartphone, não há ninguém a quem se possa pedir. Bạn không có bản đồ, không có điện thoại thông minh, không có ai để hỏi.

Of course, you'll get lost. Natürlich verirrt man sich. Naturalmente, vi perderete. É claro que se vai perder. Конечно, ты потеряешься.

You'll go down streets without knowing where they go. Sie werden die Straßen hinuntergehen, ohne zu wissen, wohin sie führen. あなたは彼らがどこに行くのか知らずに通りを下るでしょう。 Vai pelas ruas sem saber para onde vão. Вы будете ходить по улицам, не зная, куда они идут. Bạn sẽ đi xuống phố mà không biết chúng đi đâu.

You'll go around in circles. Du wirst dich im Kreis drehen. Вы будете ходить по кругу. Bạn sẽ đi vòng tròn.

If you do find the place you were looking for, it will just be because you were lucky. Wenn Sie den Ort finden, nach dem Sie gesucht haben, dann nur, weil Sie Glück hatten. Se troverete il posto che cercavate, sarà solo perché siete stati fortunati. あなたが探していた場所を見つけたら、それはあなたが幸運だったからです。 Se encontrar o lugar que procurava, será apenas porque teve sorte. Если вы найдете то место, которое искали, это будет только потому, что вам повезло. Nếu bạn tìm được nơi bạn đang tìm kiếm thì đó chỉ là do bạn may mắn mà thôi.

Writing without planning is very similar. Schreiben ohne Planung ist sehr ähnlich. 計画なしで書くことは非常に似ています。 Viết mà không có kế hoạch cũng rất giống nhau.

You'll start sentences or paragraphs without knowing where they're going. Sie beginnen Sätze oder Absätze, ohne zu wissen, wohin sie führen. Bạn sẽ bắt đầu câu hoặc đoạn văn mà không biết chúng sẽ đi đâu.

You'll waste lots of time writing things, deleting them, rewriting them, deleting them, Sie werden viel Zeit damit verschwenden, Dinge zu schreiben, zu löschen, neu zu schreiben, zu löschen, Vai perder muito tempo a escrever coisas, apagando-as, reescrevendo-as, apagando-as, Вы потратите много времени на написание вещей, их удаление, переписывание, удаление,

writing them again.

If you do achieve your goal, it will only be because you were lucky. Se conseguir atingir o seu objectivo, será apenas porque teve sorte.

Remember, you're writing for someone else, and you're writing for a reason. Denken Sie daran, Sie schreiben für jemand anderen, und Sie schreiben aus einem bestimmten Grund. Lembre-se, está a escrever para outra pessoa, e está a escrever por uma razão. Помните, вы пишете для кого-то другого, и вы пишете по какой-то причине. Hãy nhớ rằng, bạn đang viết cho người khác và bạn đang viết vì một lý do.

That means you have a goal, even if it's a simple goal. Das bedeutet, dass Sie ein Ziel haben, auch wenn es ein einfaches Ziel ist. Isso significa que se tem um objectivo, mesmo que seja um simples objectivo. Это означает, что у вас есть цель, даже если это простая цель. Điều đó có nghĩa là bạn có mục tiêu, ngay cả khi đó là một mục tiêu đơn giản.

You need to have a plan of how you're going to reach that goal.

That means you need to think about these questions: what are you going to include? Das bedeutet, dass Sie über diese Fragen nachdenken müssen: Was werden Sie einbeziehen? Isso significa que precisa de pensar sobre estas questões: o que é que vai incluir? Это означает, что вам нужно подумать над этими вопросами: что вы собираетесь включить? Điều đó có nghĩa là bạn cần suy nghĩ về những câu hỏi sau: bạn sẽ đưa vào những gì?

What are you going to leave out? Was wirst du weglassen? Co zamierzasz pominąć? O que é que vai deixar de fora? Что вы собираетесь оставить? Bạn định bỏ đi điều gì?

And, how are you going to organize your ideas? Und wie werden Sie Ihre Ideen organisieren? E, como é que vai organizar as suas ideias?

If you're writing something simple, you might just think for a minute or two about what Wenn Sie etwas Einfaches schreiben, denken Sie vielleicht ein oder zwei Minuten darüber nach, was

to say. sagen.

If you're writing something longer and more complex like a long essay, you might need

to make a written plan. einen schriftlichen Plan zu machen.

So what points should you include and what points should you leave out? Welche Punkte sollten Sie also einbeziehen und welche Punkte sollten Sie weglassen? Więc jakie punkty należy uwzględnić, a które pominąć? Итак, какие пункты вы должны включить, а какие оставить? Vậy nên thêm điểm nào và bỏ điểm nào?

Well, that's a general question. Bem, essa é uma questão geral.

If you're not sure, think about your goal and your reader's needs. Wenn Sie sich nicht sicher sind, denken Sie über Ihr Ziel und die Bedürfnisse Ihres Lesers nach. Se não tiver a certeza, pense no seu objectivo e nas necessidades do seu leitor. Если вы не уверены, подумайте о своей цели и потребностях вашего читателя.

Ask yourself, "Does my reader need to know this? Fragen Sie sich: „Muss mein Leser das wissen? Pergunte a si próprio: "O meu leitor precisa de saber isto? Kendinize şu soruyu sorun: "Okuyucumun bunu bilmeye ihtiyacı var mı? Hãy tự hỏi: “Người đọc của tôi có cần biết điều này không?

Will my reader want to know this? Will mein Leser das wissen? Okuyucum bunu bilmek isteyecek mi? Người đọc của tôi có muốn biết điều này không?

Does including this point, or including this idea, help me to reach my goal?" Поможет ли мне включение этого пункта или этой идеи в достижении моей цели?» Việc thêm điểm này hoặc ý tưởng này có giúp tôi đạt được mục tiêu không?”

Thinking about these questions will help you to decide what to include in your writing

and what to leave out. e o que deixar de fora.

What about the third question: how are you going to organize your ideas? Was ist mit der dritten Frage: Wie werden Sie Ihre Ideen organisieren?

Let's look. Lass uns schauen. Vamos ver.

You need to organize your ideas into clear paragraphs. Вам нужно организовать свои идеи в четкие абзацы.

Organizing your ideas into paragraphs is important for many reasons.

It helps your reader understand what your main points are. Es hilft Ihrem Leser zu verstehen, was Ihre Hauptpunkte sind.

It helps your reader see where you're going and why, and it helps you to stay focused Es hilft Ihrem Leser zu sehen, wohin Sie gehen und warum, und es hilft Ihnen, konzentriert zu bleiben

on your plan and reaching your goal. auf Ihrem Plan und erreichen Sie Ihr Ziel.

So what does it mean in practice to organize your ideas into clear paragraphs? Так что же на практике означает организация ваших идей в четкие абзацы?

Firstly, each paragraph should have one main idea. Erstens sollte jeder Absatz eine Hauptidee haben. Во-первых, каждый абзац должен иметь одну основную мысль.

If you're writing an essay and you have a list of points to include, put one point in

each paragraph.

Even if you're writing something shorter or simpler, you still need to organize your ideas Selbst wenn Sie etwas Kürzeres oder Einfacheres schreiben, müssen Sie Ihre Ideen dennoch organisieren Даже если вы пишете что-то короче или проще, вам все равно нужно систематизировать свои идеи.

into paragraphs.

Don't try to do too much. Versuchen Sie nicht, zu viel zu tun. Não tente fazer muita coisa. Не пытайтесь сделать слишком много.

Your writing will be much clearer and much easier to read if each paragraph is only trying Ваше письмо будет намного яснее и легче читать, если каждый абзац будет только попыткой

to do one thing. eine Sache zu tun.

An extra point: there's no minimum or maximum length for a paragraph. Ein zusätzlicher Punkt: Es gibt keine Mindest- oder Höchstlänge für einen Absatz. Um ponto extra: não há comprimento mínimo ou máximo para um parágrafo. Дополнительный момент: для абзаца нет минимальной или максимальной длины.

Sometimes when I teach students writing, they try to make paragraphs longer because they Manchmal, wenn ich Schülern das Schreiben beibringe, versuchen sie, Absätze länger zu machen, weil sie

say, "Oh, this paragraph is too short.

It needs more words, it needs more sentences."

No, a paragraph should be as long as it needs to be to make your point. Nein, ein Absatz sollte so lang sein, wie er sein muss, um Ihren Standpunkt zu verdeutlichen. Нет, абзац должен быть достаточно длинным, чтобы донести вашу точку зрения.

There's no minimum length. Минимальной длины нет.

Next, you need to decide how many paragraphs you're going to have and what you're going Als nächstes müssen Sie entscheiden, wie viele Absätze Sie haben werden und was Sie wollen Ezután el kell döntenie, hogy hány bekezdés lesz, és mit fog írni.

to put in each one. jeweils einzulegen. положить в каждый.

Remember, this is still part of planning. Denken Sie daran, dass dies immer noch Teil der Planung ist. Ne feledje, ez még mindig a tervezés része. Помните, что это все еще часть планирования.

We haven't even written a single word yet. Wir haben noch nicht einmal ein einziges Wort geschrieben. Ainda nem sequer escrevemos uma única palavra. Мы еще даже не написали ни слова.

Again, you could do this planning in your head, or you could make some short notes, Auch hier könntest du diese Planung in deinem Kopf machen, oder du könntest dir ein paar kurze Notizen machen, Mais uma vez, pode fazer este planeamento de cabeça ou tomar algumas notas curtas,

or you could make a more detailed written plan. oder Sie könnten einen detaillierteren schriftlichen Plan erstellen. vagy készíthet egy részletesebb írásos tervet.

It depends how much time you have, what you're trying to write, and how important it is. Es hängt davon ab, wie viel Zeit Sie haben, was Sie zu schreiben versuchen und wie wichtig es ist.

But the important point is when you start writing, you won't have to think about questions De a lényeg az, hogy amikor elkezdesz írni, nem kell kérdéseken gondolkodnod. Но важно то, что когда вы начнете писать, вам не придется думать о вопросах.

like, "What do I put in this paragraph? wie: „Was schreibe ich in diesen Absatz?

How many more paragraphs do I need? Сколько еще абзацев мне нужно?

How am I going to finish this sentence? Wie soll ich diesen Satz beenden? Como é que vou terminar esta frase?

You will have thought about all of these things already. An all diese Dinge haben Sie bestimmt schon gedacht. Mindezekre a dolgokra már biztosan gondoltál. Вы уже подумали обо всем этом.

This will make it much easier to write whatever you're trying to write. Dies wird es viel einfacher machen, alles zu schreiben, was Sie zu schreiben versuchen. Így sokkal könnyebb lesz megírni, bármit is akarsz írni. Это значительно облегчит написание того, что вы пытаетесь написать.

Okay, so now you're ready to start writing. Oké, most már készen állsz arra, hogy elkezdj írni. Muito bem, agora está pronto para começar a escrever.

What next? Was nun? E agora?

Part four: cut empty words and sentences. Teil vier: Leere Wörter und Sätze streichen. Часть четвертая: вырезаем пустые слова и предложения.

There's a simple rule you can use to make your English writing better and clearer: write Es gibt eine einfache Regel, mit der Sie Ihr Englisch besser und klarer schreiben können: schreiben Van egy egyszerű szabály, amivel jobbá és világosabbá teheted az angol nyelvű írásodat: írd meg, hogy Есть простое правило, которое вы можете использовать, чтобы писать по-английски лучше и понятнее: пишите

as little as possible. so wenig wie möglich. a lehető legkevesebbet. как можно меньше.

Let's look at some examples. Schauen wir uns einige Beispiele an.

First, don't use two words if you can use one word. Verwenden Sie zunächst nicht zwei Wörter, wenn Sie ein Wort verwenden können.

Don't use three words if you can use two words.

For example, don't say "very tired," say, "exhausted." Sagen Sie zum Beispiel nicht „sehr müde“, sondern „erschöpft“. Por exemplo, não diga "muito cansado", diga, "exausto".

"Very" is generally a weak word, and it should be avoided. „Sehr“ ist im Allgemeinen ein schwaches Wort und sollte vermieden werden. „Bardzo” jest ogólnie słabym słowem i należy go unikać.

It doesn't add much to your meaning. Ez nem sokat tesz hozzá a jelentéséhez. Nie dodaje to wiele do twojego znaczenia. Não acrescenta muito ao seu significado. Это мало что добавляет к твоему смыслу.

The same is true for words like "really" or "absolutely." Dasselbe gilt für Wörter wie „wirklich“ oder „absolut“.

Use these words as little as possible. Verwenden Sie diese Wörter so wenig wie möglich. Használja ezeket a szavakat a lehető legkevesebbet.

They're very rarely necessary. Sie sind sehr selten notwendig. Nagyon ritkán van rájuk szükség. Bardzo rzadko są potrzebne.

Don't say "as a result" if you can say "consequently." Sagen Sie nicht „infolgedessen“, wenn Sie „infolgedessen“ sagen können. Ne mondd azt, hogy "ennek következtében", ha mondhatod azt is, hogy "következésképpen". Nie mów „w rezultacie”, jeśli możesz powiedzieć „w konsekwencji”.

Don't say "on the other hand" if you can say "nevertheless." Sagen Sie nicht „auf der anderen Seite“, wenn Sie „trotzdem“ sagen können. Non dite "d'altra parte" se potete dire "tuttavia". "Yine de" diyebiliyorsanız "öte yandan" demeyin.

Use fewer words.

Don't say, "This will get better in the future," say, "This will improve in the future." Sagen Sie nicht: „Das wird in Zukunft besser“, sagen Sie: „Das wird in Zukunft besser werden.“ Не говорите: «Это станет лучше в будущем», скажите: «Это улучшится в будущем». "Bu ileride daha iyi olacak" demeyin, "Bu ileride daha iyi olacak" deyin.

Don't say, "She gave me a lot of help," say, "She helped me a lot," or even, "She helped Sagen Sie nicht: „Sie hat mir sehr geholfen“, sagen Sie: „Sie hat mir sehr geholfen“ oder gar „Sie hat geholfen Не говорите: «Она мне очень помогла», скажите: «Она мне очень помогла» или даже: «Она помогла мне».

me greatly," or just cut "greatly" and say, "She helped me," if you can. mich sehr", oder schneiden Sie einfach "großartig" und sagen Sie: "Sie hat mir geholfen", wenn Sie können. me grandemente", ou apenas cortar "grandemente" e dizer, "Ela ajudou-me", se puderem.

Use fewer words.

Don't say, "Maybe this will solve the problem," say, "This will solve the problem." Sagen Sie nicht: „Vielleicht löst das das Problem“, sagen Sie: „Das löst das Problem.“ Не говорите: «Может быть, это решит проблему», скажите: «Это решит проблему».

Words like "maybe" or "perhaps" are generally not necessary. Wörter wie „vielleicht“ oder „vielleicht“ sind im Allgemeinen nicht notwendig. Słowa takie jak „być może” lub „być może” nie są na ogół potrzebne.

If you're not sure about something, do you really need to include it? Wenn Sie sich bei etwas nicht sicher sind, müssen Sie es wirklich angeben? Ha nem vagy biztos valamiben, tényleg szükség van rá, hogy beleírd? Если вы в чем-то не уверены, нужно ли вам это указывать?

If you do want to include something that you're not sure about, use verbs like "might" or Wenn Sie etwas hinzufügen möchten, bei dem Sie sich nicht sicher sind, verwenden Sie Verben wie „might“ oder Ha mégis be akarsz írni valamit, amiben nem vagy biztos, használj olyan igéket, mint a "might" vagy a "might". Если вы хотите включить что-то, в чем вы не уверены, используйте такие глаголы, как «может быть» или

"could." "мог."

Say, "This might solve the problem." Sagen Sie: "Das könnte das Problem lösen."

Don't say, "We need to find someone who can teach our son," say, "We need to find a teacher Sagen Sie nicht: „Wir müssen jemanden finden, der unseren Sohn unterrichten kann“, sagen Sie: „Wir müssen einen Lehrer finden Не говорите: «Нам нужно найти кого-то, кто может научить нашего сына», скажите: «Нам нужно найти учителя».

for our son."

Cut unnecessary words and use as few words as possible. Streichen Sie unnötige Wörter und verwenden Sie so wenige Wörter wie möglich.

You can also look at sentences. Sie können sich auch Sätze ansehen. A mondatokat is megnézheti.

In essays, many people tend to include sentences like, "There are many advantages and disadvantages In Aufsätzen neigen viele Menschen dazu, Sätze wie „Es gibt viele Vor- und Nachteile В эссе многие люди склонны включать такие предложения, как: «Есть много преимуществ и недостатков. 在論文中，許多人傾向於包含這樣的句子：「有很多優點和缺點

to this. dazu.

Of course, there are two sides to this issue. Natürlich hat dieses Thema zwei Seiten. Конечно, в этом вопросе есть две стороны.

In this essay, I will discuss all the ideas relevant to this point." In diesem Aufsatz werde ich alle für diesen Punkt relevanten Ideen diskutieren." Ebben az esszében az összes, ezzel kapcsolatos gondolatot megvitatom." В этом эссе я обсужу все идеи, относящиеся к этому вопросу».

What do these sentences tell you? Was sagen dir diese Sätze? Mit mondanak ezek a mondatok? O que é que estas frases vos dizem? О чем вам говорят эти фразы?

Do they give you any useful or relevant information? Geben sie Ihnen nützliche oder relevante Informationen? Дают ли они вам какую-либо полезную или актуальную информацию?

No, and so they should be cut. Nein, und deshalb sollten sie geschnitten werden.

Why is this important? Porque é que isto é importante?

Well, using fewer words and fewer sentences will make your writing clearer and easier

to read.

It will also help you to focus on what you want to say. Es wird Ihnen auch helfen, sich auf das zu konzentrieren, was Sie sagen möchten.

Try to look at each sentence you write and think, "What does this add to my ideas? Versuchen Sie, sich jeden Satz anzusehen, den Sie schreiben, und denken Sie: „Was trägt das zu meinen Ideen bei?

What does this give my reader? Was bringt das meinem Leser?

How does this help me reach my goal in writing this?" Wie hilft mir das, mein Ziel beim Schreiben zu erreichen?"

If you can't answer these questions, consider cutting it, or try to make it shorter. Wenn Sie diese Fragen nicht beantworten können, ziehen Sie in Betracht, sie zu kürzen oder zu verkürzen. Se não conseguir responder a estas perguntas, considere a possibilidade de o cortar ou de o encurtar.

It's not easy to write in this way. Es ist nicht einfach, so zu schreiben. Não é fácil escrever desta forma. Писать таким образом непросто.

You won't be able to watch this video and go away and write like this. Sie werden nicht in der Lage sein, dieses Video anzusehen und wegzugehen und so zu schreiben. Não vão poder ver este vídeo e ir embora e escrever assim. Вы не сможете посмотреть это видео и уйти и написать вот так.

Even in this script, there are probably several places where I could use my own advice! Selbst in diesem Skript gibt es wahrscheinlich mehrere Stellen, an denen ich meinen eigenen Rat gebrauchen könnte! Mesmo neste guião, há provavelmente vários lugares onde eu poderia usar os meus próprios conselhos! Даже в этом скрипте, наверное, есть несколько мест, где я мог бы воспользоваться собственным советом!

However, you can try thinking about it the next time you write something in English.

Over time you can learn the habit of cutting empty words and sentences from your writing. Mit der Zeit können Sie sich angewöhnen, leere Wörter und Sätze aus Ihrem Schreiben zu streichen. Z biegiem czasu możesz nauczyć się nawyku wycinania pustych słów i zdań ze swojego pisania.

Your writing will be much better and much clearer if you can learn to do this. Ваше письмо будет намного лучше и яснее, если вы научитесь это делать.

Next, let's look at some more advice to make your writing clearer and easier to read. Далее давайте рассмотрим еще несколько советов, которые помогут сделать ваш текст более четким и легким для чтения. Tiếp theo, hãy xem thêm một số lời khuyên để làm cho bài viết của bạn rõ ràng và dễ đọc hơn.

Use short simple sentences where possible. Verwenden Sie möglichst kurze, einfache Sätze. Sử dụng những câu đơn giản ngắn nếu có thể.

Shorter sentences are easier to read and understand. Короткие предложения легче читать и понимать. Các câu ngắn hơn sẽ dễ đọc và dễ hiểu hơn.

That's not my opinion, that's a fact. Das ist nicht meine Meinung, das ist eine Tatsache. Não é essa a minha opinião, é um facto.

There's a lot of research behind it. Dahinter steckt viel Forschung. Za tym stoi wiele badań. Há muita investigação por detrás disso. За этим стоит множество исследований.

Longer sentences are harder to read and harder to understand, generally. Längere Sätze sind im Allgemeinen schwerer zu lesen und schwerer zu verstehen.

If you're a non-native speaker of English, writing longer sentences is especially dangerous. Wenn Sie kein englischer Muttersprachler sind, ist es besonders gefährlich, längere Sätze zu schreiben. Nếu bạn không phải là người nói tiếng Anh bản xứ, việc viết những câu dài hơn đặc biệt nguy hiểm.

There's a higher chance you'll make some grammatical or language errors which will make your sentence Вероятность того, что вы допустите грамматические или языковые ошибки, усложнит ваше предложение. Có nhiều khả năng bạn sẽ mắc một số lỗi ngữ pháp hoặc ngôn ngữ khiến câu của bạn trở nên tồi tệ hơn.

difficult to read, or even worse, hard to understand. schwer zu lesen, oder noch schlimmer, schwer zu verstehen. khó đọc, hoặc thậm chí tệ hơn, khó hiểu.

How long is too long? Quanto tempo é demasiado longo? Как долго слишком долго? Bao lâu là quá dài?

Well, 10 words is a good target length, 10 to 20 words is okay. Nun, 10 Wörter sind eine gute Ziellänge, 10 bis 20 Wörter sind in Ordnung. Vâng, độ dài mục tiêu 10 từ là phù hợp, 10 đến 20 từ là được.

Longer than 20 words--this is dangerous.

There's a high chance your sentence will become unclear and difficult to read. Khả năng cao là câu của bạn sẽ trở nên không rõ ràng và khó đọc.

So how can you do this? Wie können Sie das tun? Então, como pode fazer isto? Vậy làm thế nào bạn có thể làm điều này?

Well first, remember what we talked about before. Denken Sie zuerst daran, worüber wir zuvor gesprochen haben. Bem primeiro, lembrem-se do que falámos antes. Ну, во-первых, вспомните, о чем мы говорили раньше. Đầu tiên, hãy nhớ lại những gì chúng ta đã nói trước đây.

Using fewer words will make your sentences shorter and tighter. Wenn Sie weniger Wörter verwenden, werden Ihre Sätze kürzer und enger. Sử dụng ít từ hơn sẽ làm cho câu của bạn ngắn hơn và chặt chẽ hơn. 使用更少的單字會使你的句子更短更緊湊。

Here are some other rules you can use to keep your sentences shorter and clearer. Dưới đây là một số quy tắc khác mà bạn có thể sử dụng để giữ cho câu của mình ngắn hơn và rõ ràng hơn.

First, don't use the passive voice unless you have a good reason. Erstens: Verwenden Sie das Passiv nicht, es sei denn, Sie haben einen guten Grund. Először is, ne használjon passzív hangot, hacsak nincs rá jó oka. Во-первых, не используйте пассивный залог, если у вас нет веской причины. Đầu tiên, đừng sử dụng thể bị động trừ khi bạn có lý do chính đáng.

Using the passive always makes a sentence longer and more complex. Die Verwendung des Passivs macht einen Satz immer länger und komplexer. A passzívum használata mindig hosszabbá és összetettebbé teszi a mondatot. Использование пассива всегда делает предложение длиннее и сложнее. Sử dụng thể bị động luôn làm cho câu dài hơn và phức tạp hơn.

Now, sometimes it's fine to use the passive, but not if you don't have a good reason. Nun, manchmal ist es in Ordnung, das Passiv zu verwenden, aber nicht, wenn Sie keinen guten Grund haben. Теперь иногда можно использовать пассив, но только если у вас нет веской причины. Bây giờ, đôi khi sử dụng thể bị động cũng được, nhưng không phải vậy nếu bạn không có lý do chính đáng.

If you want to use the passive, make sure you know why you're using it, and make sure Wenn Sie das Passiv verwenden möchten, stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie wissen, warum Sie es verwenden, und vergewissern Sie sich パッシブを使いたいのであれば、なぜパッシブを使うのかを確認し、次のことを確認してほしい。

it's really necessary. é realmente necessário.

Secondly, start your sentence with the subject whenever possible. Zweitens, beginne deinen Satz wann immer möglich mit dem Subjekt. 次に、可能な限り主語から文章を始めること。 Em segundo lugar, comece a sua frase com o assunto sempre que possível. Thứ hai, hãy bắt đầu câu của bạn với chủ ngữ bất cứ khi nào có thể.

Thirdly, don't use relative clauses, with who, which, that, where, etc., unless it's Drittens: Verwenden Sie keine Relativsätze mit who, which, that, where usw., es sei denn, es ist Harmadszor, ne használjon relatív záradékokat: ki, melyik, hogy, hol stb. 第三に、who、which、that、whereなどを使った関係詞節は、それが以下のような場合でない限り使わないこと。 Po trzecie, nie używaj zdań względnych, z kto, co, tamto, gdzie itd., chyba że tak jest В-третьих, не используйте относительные предложения с who, which, that, where и т. д., если только это не Thứ ba, không sử dụng các mệnh đề quan hệ, với who, which, that,where, v.v., trừ khi nó

really necessary.

When you use a conjunction, like "and" or "but," or "or," and so on, think, "Do these Wenn Sie eine Konjunktion wie "und" oder "aber" oder "oder" usw. verwenden, überlegen Sie: "Sind diese and」や「but」、「or」など、接続詞を使うときは、「これらは接続詞か？ Quando utilizar uma conjunção, como "e" ou "mas", ou "ou", etc., pense: "Será que estas

two ideas really need to go together?" Zwei Ideen müssen wirklich zusammenpassen?" この2つのアイデアは本当に一緒にする必要があるのだろうか？ duas ideias precisam mesmo de andar juntas?". две идеи действительно должны идти вместе?» hai ý tưởng thực sự cần phải đi cùng nhau?"

If they don't, consider breaking your sentence into two shorter pieces. Wenn dies nicht der Fall ist, sollten Sie Ihren Satz in zwei kürzere Teile unterteilen. Se não o fizerem, considere dividir a frase em duas partes mais curtas. Nếu không, hãy cân nhắc việc chia câu của bạn thành hai phần ngắn hơn.

To be clear, long sentences are not automatically bad. はっきり言って、長い文章が自動的に悪いというわけではない。 Чтобы было ясно, длинные предложения не являются автоматически плохими. Nói rõ hơn, những câu dài không hẳn là xấu.

Good writers can produce long sentences which are clear, and focused, and elegant. Gute Schreiber können lange Sätze schreiben, die klar, konzentriert und elegant sind. Người viết giỏi có thể tạo ra những câu văn dài, rõ ràng, tập trung và tao nhã.

If you're writing about a particularly complex topic, you might need to use longer, more Nếu bạn đang viết về một chủ đề đặc biệt phức tạp, bạn có thể cần sử dụng lâu hơn, nhiều hơn.

complex sentences to express more complex ideas. сложные предложения для выражения более сложных идей. câu phức tạp để diễn đạt những ý tưởng phức tạp hơn.

The point is you should only use a longer, more complex sentence if it's really necessary. Дело в том, что вы должны использовать более длинное и сложное предложение только в том случае, если это действительно необходимо. Vấn đề là bạn chỉ nên sử dụng câu dài hơn, phức tạp hơn nếu thực sự cần thiết.

If you can express the same point in a shorter, simpler sentence, you should. Если вы можете выразить то же самое в более коротком и простом предложении, вы должны это сделать. Nếu bạn có thể diễn đạt cùng một quan điểm bằng một câu ngắn hơn, đơn giản hơn thì bạn nên làm như vậy.

Let's review what we've talked about today. Sehen wir uns an, worüber wir heute gesprochen haben. Hãy xem lại những gì chúng ta đã nói ngày hôm nay.

First, you need to understand who you're writing for and what they want from your writing. Zuerst müssen Sie verstehen, für wen Sie schreiben und was sie von Ihrem Schreiben erwarten. Во-первых, вам нужно понять, для кого вы пишете и чего они хотят от вашего письма. Đầu tiên, bạn cần hiểu bạn đang viết cho ai và họ muốn gì từ bài viết của bạn.

Secondly, before you start writing, you need to have a plan.

You need to know what you're going to include, what you're going to leave out, and how you're Sie müssen wissen, was Sie einbeziehen, was Sie auslassen werden und wie es Ihnen geht 何を盛り込み、何を省き、どのようにするのかを知る必要がある。 Bạn cần biết bạn sẽ thêm vào những gì, bỏ đi những gì và bạn sẽ như thế nào.

going to organize your ideas.

Thirdly, your ideas should always be organized into clear paragraphs with one main idea per Drittens sollten Ihre Ideen immer in klaren Abschnitten mit jeweils einer Hauptidee organisiert sein 第三に、アイデアは常に明確な段落にまとめ、1つの段落に1つの主要なアイデアを書くことです。 Thứ ba, ý tưởng của bạn phải luôn được sắp xếp thành các đoạn văn rõ ràng với một ý chính cho mỗi đoạn văn.

paragraph.

Fourth, cut unnecessary words and sentences. Viertens: Streiche unnötige Wörter und Sätze. Thứ tư, cắt bỏ những từ và câu không cần thiết.

And fifth, use shorter, simpler sentences where you can. Và thứ năm, hãy sử dụng những câu ngắn hơn, đơn giản hơn nếu có thể.

Follow these points, and I guarantee your writing will get better. Befolgen Sie diese Punkte, und ich garantiere Ihnen, dass Ihr Schreiben besser wird. Siga estes pontos e garanto-lhe que a sua escrita vai melhorar.

I'm not just saying that. Nie tylko tak mówię. Я не просто так говорю. Tôi không chỉ nói vậy.

I use these points when I write something or edit something, and I see the difference. Ich verwende diese Punkte, wenn ich etwas schreibe oder bearbeite, und ich sehe den Unterschied. Я использую эти точки, когда что-то пишу или редактирую, и вижу разницу. Tôi sử dụng những điểm này khi viết hoặc chỉnh sửa điều gì đó và tôi thấy sự khác biệt.

Even now, I'm still learning this. Auch jetzt lerne ich das noch. Mesmo agora, ainda estou a aprender isto. Даже сейчас я все еще учусь этому.

You're never finished. Bạn chưa bao giờ kết thúc.

Follow these points, and you will see a difference.

Okay.

That's the end of the lesson.

Thank you very much for watching.

If you want to see more of our free lessons, check out our website, oxfordonlineenglish.com.

That's all. É tudo. Đó là tất cả.

Thanks again! Cảm ơn một lần nữa!

I'll see you next time. Tôi se gặp bạn lân sau.

Bye-bye!