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Stanford Entrepreneurship corner, Tina Seelig The Art of Teaching Entrepreneurship and Innovation No.1

Tina Seelig The Art of Teaching Entrepreneurship and Innovation No.1

I am Tina Seelig and I play two roles here today.

First, I am the host normally, but today I'm also the speaker. So I'm going to give you a little bit of my background so you know actually who am I besides of the person who usually introduces our other guests. I am the Executive Director of the Stanford Technology Ventures Program and along with my wonderful colleagues Tom Byers and Kathy Eisenhardt who are the faculty directors, we run the Stanford Technology Ventures Program. And we spend all of our efforts thinking about research and teaching and outreach efforts all related to high-tech entrepreneurship. My background is a little bit unusual. I actually did my PhD over at the med school. I do have my PhD in Neuroscience, and after that I've done a bunch of different things. I was a management consultant. I was a multimedia producer. I worked at Compaq. I started a company. And I also have written a whole bunch of books. And this talk is about the most recent book I wrote called "What I Wish I Knew When I was 20." Now, there's an interesting story behind this talk because I actually gave a talk by the same name three years ago right here. At that point this talk was extremely raw, it was brand new, it was just the beginning of some ideas. But what happened is the talk ended up really getting some traction. And a years ago, almost exactly a year ago, I was asked by HarperCollins to turn this talk into a book. And so over the last year I spend a lot of time digging in to these concepts and came up with a bunch of really new and interesting stories, and in fact changed my point of view on some of these ideas. So I'm going to tell you a little bit about what's inside this book and invite you at the end to ask whatever questions you might have.

OK, so as part of my role at STVP, I have the incredible honor of teaching a course on creativity and innovation. In fact, I see some of my students in the room. And the entire overarching theme of this class is that all problems are opportunities; the bigger the problem, the bigger the opportunity. Anyone in my class would probably be able to recite that in their sleep, right? Any problem is an opportunity. The bigger the problem, the bigger the opportunity. And what I do is I give students problems. They start out as really small problems and over the course of the quarter they get bigger and bigger and bigger until finally they just get extremely comfortable taking on challenges and looking at them through the lens of possibilities. Now, don't just listen to me, I mean why should you listen to me telling you that problems are opportunities? This is something that is embraced by the entire venture capital community and the whole entrepreneurial community. In fact, I'm going to play you a video clip that I play all the time. It's one of my favorites. It's by Vinod Khosla. Do you guys know who Vinod Khosla is? Who is he? Founder of Sun Microsystems, successful venture capitalist, and this is a 27 second long clip where he talks about problems as opportunities. Vinod Khosla: One thing I would say is..To me, every big problem is a big opportunity. If you think about it, no problem, no solution, no company. Very simple. Every big problem is a big opportunity. If you don't have a big problem, you don't have a big opportunity. Nobody will pay you to solve a non-problem. Tina Seelig: In fact, I see that was a talk where Tom Byers, my colleague, was introducing him, interviewing him. And this is a clip that we play in all of our classes because this is the essence, the core of entrepreneurship. So how do you teach this? How do you teach people to turn problems to opportunities and look at the world as opportunity rich? Is it like this? Is this what you do? You line people up in rows and columns right? In fact it kind of looks likes this room right here. Everyone lined up in rows and columns, the chairs bolted to the floor. God forbid you actually talked to anyone else or move around. It looks like everyone is taking a multiple choice test where they are filling out one right answer to every question, filling it out with the number two pencil. Is that how you teach creativity? I don't think so. This is the way you teach creativity. You get people out of their comfort zone. You get them jumping off of perfectly good cliffs. You get them to feel it in their gut. It's not necessarily a completely intellectual experience. You need to be able to take risks to do things you haven't done before to take on problems that no one knows the answer to. So what I'm going to do is tell you about some of the things that we do in our classes to help people have this experience.

So a few years ago, I was at the d.School, the Design Institute at Stanford was just starting off. There was the first year there was a boot camp class. There was a whole cast of thousands of people teaching the class, and I was asked to teach one week that focused on entrepreneurship. "Tina, will you teach one week that gets folks understanding the general principles and the ideas of entrepreneurial thinking." So I thought, what can I do? So what I did is I gave the students every team an envelope, and in that envelope was seed funding. How many of you know this story? OK, we're going to get cut to the chase in the second and go on to the next stories, but this one is the first assignment I gave. They had an envelope and in that envelope was seed funding. They had four or five days to plan as long as they wanted, but as soon as they opened that envelope they had two hours to make as much money as possible. Now, for those people who don't know this, the folks who don't know the story, how much money do you think I gave them? Any guesses? Audience: 500 Tina Seelig: $500, anyone else? Yeah. Audience: $5 Tina Seelig: $5. I bet you know this story, OK. I know you know the story. So OK, let's cut to the chase here. I gave them $5 and two hours to make as much money as possible. So what would you do if you were given this challenge? What would you do? Think about it. Does anyone have any ideas, any thoughts? Audience: Organize a party. Tina Seelig: Organize a party. Invite everyone and are you going to basically charge people? Audience: Absolutely. Tina Seelig: Absolutely. You charge people to come to your party. Love that idea, great! I'd love to come. How much are you going to charge people? Audience: $10. Tina Seelig: $10, so how much is the party is going to cost? Audience: About $50. Tina Seelig: About $50 so you only need five people to break even. OK, good. Anyone else, another idea? What you might do with $5 in two hours? First of all, you guys get gold stars because usually when I ask that question the first thing anyone ever says is, "go to Las Vegas" or "buy a lottery ticket." Really, they feel like, well I should take a really high risk for earning a big reward. Of course, we all know that the high likelihood is you're going to walk away with nothing. Well, let me tell you the clue. The teams that made the most money didn't use the $5 at all. They realized that the $5 was actually a limitation. They realized that that framed the problem way too tightly, and if that they looked at the skills they had and the opportunities around them that was worth a lot more. So with that in mind, what do you think you would do? Any thoughts? OK, since you're being shy I'm going to tell you. I'm going to give you a couple of examples. One team set up a stand in the middle of the student union here at Stanford in front of Tressidor. They put up a little sign that said, "We will measure your bicycle tire pressure for free, but if you need air in the tires, we will charge you a dollar." Pretty cool? Well, first they thought they were taking advantage of their fellow classmates because people could go around the corner and easily get their bike tires pumped up for free. But you know what, they realized halfway through the two hours that people were incredibly appreciative. And so what they did is they stopped asking for a dollar, and half way through they asked for donations instead, and you know what happened? People paid them much more. And they walked away at the end of two hours with a couple hundred of dollars. Pretty cool? Now there were some interesting things that fell out of this experiment. First of all they realized that iterating along the way experimenting was incredibly valuable. They could have stayed in their dorm room, written a business plan, and they never would have learned the fact all of these things they learned along the way that here by asking for donations they actually made more. So by rapidly prototyping, experimenting, and trying things out along the way they actually learned a tremendous number of things. So let me tell you what another team did.

Another team realized that on Saturday night there are all of these restaurants in Palo Alto that have really, really long lines. And so what they did is they made reservations at all of these restaurants, right? And as the time came up, they sold their reservation. It was a brilliant thing and again they learned some amazing things along the way. First of all, they learned that the women students were much better at selling the reservations, people trusted them more. And second of all, they realized this work best in the restaurants that have the buzzers that tell you when your restaurant reservation time is up because it was almost like a reverse hand grenade. It was something like "Here take this it's going to go off," and it was something tangible they can give. They was another added benefit there because once they give someone this buzzer they got that buzzer in return, and they now could trade that one and sell that one later in the evening, pretty cool. So again the students realized there was no excuse for ever having no money in their pocket. All they had to do is look around and see the opportunities in their midst. But I have to tell you; the team that made the most money completely challenged all the assumptions. They realized that the most valuable thing they had was not the $5 and was not the two hours. The most valuable thing they had was their three minute presentation time in class, which they sold to a company that wanted to recruit those students. Pretty amazing? It was brilliant and again the lesson here is that so often we frame problems way too tightly and if we keep unpacking and unpacking them we realized that we have resources that are much larger and more valuable than we even imagined. But we also realized that our own skills that we have and the opportunities around us are bigger than we ever thought at the beginning. So this was a great experiment and I was delighted with the outcome. I always like to give experiments and class assignments where I don't know what the students are going to do because they always do much more than I ever imagined.

Tina Seelig The Art of Teaching Entrepreneurship and Innovation No.1 Tina Seelig Die Kunst des Unterrichtens von Unternehmertum und Innovation Nr.1 Tina Seelig El arte de enseñar a emprender e innovar nº 1 تینا سیلیگ هنر آموزش کارآفرینی و نوآوری شماره 1 Tina Seelig L'art d'enseigner l'entrepreneuriat et l'innovation n° 1 ティナ・シーリグ 起業家精神とイノベーションを教える技術 No.1 Tina Seelig Sztuka nauczania przedsiębiorczości i innowacji nr 1 Tina Seelig A Arte de Ensinar Empreendedorismo e Inovação N.º 1 Тина Силиг Искусство преподавания предпринимательства и инноваций №1 Tina Seelig Umetnost poučevanja podjetništva in inovacij št. 1 Tina Seelig Girişimcilik ve Yenilikçiliği Öğretme Sanatı No.1 Тіна Зееліг Мистецтво викладання підприємництва та інновацій №1 蒂娜·西利格 (Tina Seelig) 创业与创新教学艺术 No.1 蒂娜·西利格 (Tina Seelig) 創業與創新教學藝術 No.1

I am Tina Seelig and I play two roles here today. من تینا سیلیگ هستم و امروز در اینجا دو نقش بازی می کنم. Chamo-me Tina Seelig e desempenho hoje dois papéis. Меня зовут Тина Силиг, и сегодня я играю здесь две роли. Sem Tina Seelig in danes imam dve vlogi. 我是蒂娜·西利格,今天我在這裡扮演兩個角色。

First, I am the host normally, but today I’m also the speaker. اول اینکه من به طور معمول میزبان هستم، اما امروز سخنران هم هستم. Em primeiro lugar, normalmente sou o anfitrião, mas hoje sou também o orador. Сначала я обычно ведущий, но сегодня я еще и спикер. Prvič, običajno sem gostitelj, danes pa sem tudi govornik. 首先,平常我是主持人,但今天我也是演講者。 So I’m going to give you a little bit of my background so you know actually who am I besides of the person who usually introduces our other guests. بنابراین من می‌خواهم کمی از پیشینه‌ام را به شما ارائه دهم تا در واقع بدانید که من کی هستم به غیر از کسی که معمولاً مهمانان دیگر ما را معرفی می‌کند. Por isso, vou dar-vos um pouco do meu historial para que saibam quem sou eu, para além da pessoa que normalmente apresenta os nossos outros convidados. Поэтому я расскажу вам немного о себе, чтобы вы знали, кто я такой, кроме человека, который обычно представляет других наших гостей. Zato vam bom predstavil svoje ozadje, da boste vedeli, kdo pravzaprav sem poleg osebe, ki običajno predstavlja naše druge goste. ดังนั้นฉันจะเล่าภูมิหลังของฉันให้คุณฟังหน่อย คุณจะได้รู้ว่าฉันเป็นใคร นอกจากคนที่มักจะแนะนำแขกคนอื่น ๆ ของเรา 因此,我將向您介紹一些我的背景,以便您知道除了通常介紹我們其他客人的人之外,我實際上是誰。 I am the Executive Director of the Stanford Technology Ventures Program and along with my wonderful colleagues Tom Byers and Kathy Eisenhardt who are the faculty directors, we run the Stanford Technology Ventures Program. من مدیر اجرایی برنامه سرمایه گذاری فناوری استانفورد هستم و همراه با همکاران فوق العاده ام تام بایرز و کتی آیزنهارت که مدیران دانشکده هستند، برنامه سرمایه گذاری فناوری استانفورد را اجرا می کنیم. Jestem dyrektorem wykonawczym programu Stanford Technology Ventures i wraz z moimi wspaniałymi kolegami Tomem Byers i Kathy Eisenhardt, którzy są dyrektorami wydziału, prowadzimy program Stanford Technology Ventures. Sou o Diretor Executivo do Stanford Technology Ventures Program e, juntamente com os meus maravilhosos colegas Tom Byers e Kathy Eisenhardt, que são os directores do corpo docente, dirigimos o Stanford Technology Ventures Program. Я являюсь исполнительным директором Стэнфордской программы технологических венчуров, и вместе с моими замечательными коллегами Томом Байерсом и Кэти Эйзенхардт, которые являются директорами факультетов, мы руководим Стэнфордской программой технологических венчуров. 我是史丹佛科技創業計畫的執行董事,與擔任教職主任的優秀同事湯姆·拜爾斯和凱西·艾森哈特一起負責史丹佛科技創業計畫的運作。 And we spend all of our efforts thinking about research and teaching and outreach efforts all related to high-tech entrepreneurship. و ما تمام تلاش خود را صرف فکر کردن به تحقیق و آموزش و تلاش‌های فراگیر می‌کنیم که همه مرتبط با کارآفرینی با فناوری پیشرفته است. I poświęcamy wszystkie nasze wysiłki na myślenie o badaniach i nauczaniu oraz wysiłkach popularyzatorskich, które są związane z przedsiębiorczością high-tech. E dedicamos todos os nossos esforços à investigação, ao ensino e aos esforços de divulgação, todos relacionados com o empreendedorismo de alta tecnologia. И мы тратим все наши усилия на исследования, преподавание и информационно-просветительскую работу, связанную с высокотехнологичным предпринимательством. І ми витрачаємо всі наші зусилля на дослідження, викладання та просвітницьку діяльність, пов'язану з високотехнологічним підприємництвом. 我們盡一切努力思考與高科技創業相關的研究、教學和推廣工作。 My background is a little bit unusual. O meu passado é um pouco invulgar. Мой бэкграунд немного необычен. У мене трохи незвичне минуле. I actually did my PhD over at the med school. Właściwie zrobiłem doktorat w szkole medycznej. Na verdade, fiz o meu doutoramento na Faculdade de Medicina. Я защитил докторскую диссертацию в медицинском институте. Я захистив докторську дисертацію в медичній школі. 事實上,我在醫學院完成了博士學位。 I do have my PhD in Neuroscience, and after that I’ve done a bunch of different things. Mam doktorat z Neuronauki, a potem zrobiłem kilka różnych rzeczy. Tenho um doutoramento em Neurociências e, depois disso, fiz uma série de coisas diferentes. У меня есть докторская степень в области неврологии, и после этого я занимался самыми разными вещами. Я маю ступінь доктора філософії в галузі неврології, і після цього я займався багатьма різними речами. 我確實擁有神經科學博士學位,之後我做了很多不同的事情。 I was a management consultant. من مشاور مدیریت بودم. Eu era um consultor de gestão. Я был консультантом по управлению. Я був консультантом з управління. 我是一名管理顧問。 I was a multimedia producer. من یک تهیه کننده چند رسانه ای بودم. 私はマルチメディア制作者でした。 Eu era um produtor multimédia. Я был мультимедийным продюсером. Я був мультимедійним продюсером. 我是一名多媒體製作人。 I worked at Compaq. Trabalhei na Compaq. Я работал в компании Compaq. Я працював у Compaq. I started a company. Criei uma empresa. Я основал компанию. Я заснував компанію. And I also have written a whole bunch of books. E também escrevi uma série de livros. А ще я написав цілу купу книжок. And this talk is about the most recent book I wrote called "What I Wish I Knew When I was 20." E esta conversa é sobre o mais recente livro que escrevi, intitulado "What I Wish I Knew When I was 20". И речь пойдет о последней книге, которую я написал под названием "Что бы я хотел знать, когда мне было 20". І ця розмова про мою останню книгу, яку я написав під назвою "Що я хотів би знати, коли мені було 20". Now, there’s an interesting story behind this talk because I actually gave a talk by the same name three years ago right here. حالا، یک داستان جالب پشت این سخنرانی وجود دارد، زیرا من در واقع سه سال پیش یک سخنرانی با همین نام انجام دادم. Agora, há uma história interessante por detrás desta palestra porque, na verdade, dei uma palestra com o mesmo nome há três anos, aqui mesmo. За этим выступлением стоит интересная история, потому что три года назад я выступал с одноименным докладом прямо здесь. За цією доповіддю стоїть цікава історія, тому що три роки тому я виступав тут з однойменною доповіддю. 現在,這次演講背後有一個有趣的故事,因為三年前我實際上在這裡做過一次同名演講。 At that point this talk was extremely raw, it was brand new, it was just the beginning of some ideas. در آن زمان این صحبت بسیار خام بود، کاملاً جدید بود، تازه شروع برخی از ایده ها بود. その時点で、この話は非常に生々しく、まったく新しいものであり、いくつかのアイデアの始まりにすぎませんでした。 Nessa altura, esta conversa estava extremamente crua, era nova, era apenas o início de algumas ideias. На тот момент этот разговор был очень сырым, совершенно новым, это было только начало некоторых идей. На той момент ця розмова була надзвичайно сирою, вона була абсолютно новою, це був лише початок деяких ідей. 那時這個演講非常原始,是全新的,它只是一些想法的開始。 But what happened is the talk ended up really getting some traction. Mas o que aconteceu foi que a conversa acabou por ganhar alguma força. Но случилось так, что беседа получила реальное развитие. Але сталося так, що розмова врешті-решт набула певного розголосу. 但事實是,這次談話最終確實得到了一些關注。 And a years ago, almost exactly a year ago, I was asked by HarperCollins to turn this talk into a book. E há um ano, quase exatamente um ano, foi-me pedido pela HarperCollins que transformasse esta palestra num livro. А год назад, почти ровно год назад, компания HarperCollins попросила меня превратить эту беседу в книгу. А рік тому, майже рівно рік тому, видавництво HarperCollins попросило мене перетворити цю розмову на книгу. 一年前,幾乎整整一年前,哈珀柯林斯出版社要求我將這場演講改編成一本書。 And so over the last year I spend a lot of time digging in to these concepts and came up with a bunch of really new and interesting stories, and in fact changed my point of view on some of these ideas. Assim, no último ano, passei muito tempo a aprofundar estes conceitos e descobri uma série de histórias realmente novas e interessantes e, de facto, mudei o meu ponto de vista sobre algumas destas ideias. И вот за последний год я потратил много времени на изучение этих концепций и придумал кучу действительно новых и интересных историй, а также изменил свою точку зрения на некоторые из этих идей. Тож за останній рік я провів багато часу, копаючись у цих концепціях, і знайшов багато нових і цікавих історій, і фактично змінив свою точку зору на деякі з цих ідей. 因此,在過去的一年裡,我花了很多時間來深入研究這些概念,並提出了一堆非常新且有趣的故事,事實上,我對其中一些想法的看法也發生了變化。 So I’m going to tell you a little bit about what’s inside this book and invite you at the end to ask whatever questions you might have. بنابراین من قصد دارم کمی در مورد آنچه در این کتاب وجود دارد به شما بگویم و در پایان از شما دعوت کنم تا هر سوالی که ممکن است داشته باشید بپرسید. Por isso, vou falar-vos um pouco sobre o conteúdo deste livro e convidar-vos, no final, a colocar as vossas questões. Поэтому я расскажу вам немного о том, что содержится в этой книге, а в конце приглашу вас задать все интересующие вас вопросы. Тож я розповім вам трохи про те, що міститься в цій книжці, а наприкінці запрошую вас поставити будь-які запитання, які у вас можуть виникнути. 因此,我將向您介紹一些有關本書內容的內容,並邀請您在最後提出您可能有的任何問題。

OK, so as part of my role at STVP, I have the incredible honor of teaching a course on creativity and innovation. Como parte da minha função na STVP, tenho a incrível honra de lecionar um curso sobre criatividade e inovação. Итак, в рамках моей работы в STVP мне выпала невероятная честь преподавать курс по креативности и инновациям. In fact, I see some of my students in the room. De facto, vejo alguns dos meus alunos na sala. 事實上,我在房間裡看到了我的一些學生。 And the entire overarching theme of this class is that all problems are opportunities; the bigger the problem, the bigger the opportunity. و کل موضوع کلی این کلاس این است که همه مشکلات فرصت هستند. هر چه مشکل بزرگتر باشد، فرصت بزرگتر است. E o tema geral desta aula é que todos os problemas são oportunidades; quanto maior o problema, maior a oportunidade. Основна тема цього заняття полягає в тому, що всі проблеми - це можливості; чим більша проблема, тим більша можливість. 本課程的總體主題是所有問題都是機會;問題越大,機會越大。 Anyone in my class would probably be able to recite that in their sleep, right? هر کسی در کلاس من احتمالاً می تواند آن را در خواب بخواند، درست است؟ Qualquer pessoa da minha turma seria provavelmente capaz de recitar isso enquanto dorme, certo? Будь-хто в моєму класі, напевно, зміг би прочитати це уві сні, чи не так? 我班上的人應該都能在睡夢中背誦這句話吧? Any problem is an opportunity. هر مشکلی یک فرصت است. Qualquer problema é uma oportunidade. Будь-яка проблема - це можливість. 任何問題都是一個機會。 The bigger the problem, the bigger the opportunity. هر چه مشکل بزرگتر باشد، فرصت بزرگتر است. Quanto maior o problema, maior a oportunidade. Чим більша проблема, тим більша можливість. 問題越大,機會越大。 And what I do is I give students problems. E o que eu faço é dar problemas aos alunos. І що я роблю, так це даю студентам проблеми. They start out as really small problems and over the course of the quarter they get bigger and bigger and bigger until finally they just get extremely comfortable taking on challenges and looking at them through the lens of possibilities. Começam por ser problemas muito pequenos e, ao longo do trimestre, vão-se tornando cada vez maiores, até que finalmente se sentem extremamente à vontade para enfrentar desafios e vê-los através da lente das possibilidades. Вони починаються як дійсно невеликі проблеми, і протягом кварталу вони стають все більшими, більшими і більшими, поки, нарешті, не стають надзвичайно комфортними для прийняття викликів і розгляду їх через призму можливостей. 它們一開始只是一些很小的問題,在整個季度中,它們變得越來越大,直到最後,他們非常輕鬆地接受挑戰,並透過可能性的視角來看待它們。 Now, don’t just listen to me, I mean why should you listen to me telling you that problems are opportunities? حالا فقط به من گوش نده، منظورم این است که چرا باید به من گوش کنی که به تو بگویم مشکلات فرصت هستند؟ Agora, não se limitem a ouvir-me, porque é que me hão-de ouvir dizer que os problemas são oportunidades? Не просто слухайте мене, я маю на увазі, чому ви повинні слухати мене, коли я кажу вам, що проблеми - це можливості? This is something that is embraced by the entire venture capital community and the whole entrepreneurial community. این چیزی است که توسط کل جامعه سرمایه گذاری خطرپذیر و کل جامعه کارآفرینی پذیرفته شده است. Isto é algo que é aceite por toda a comunidade de capital de risco e por toda a comunidade empresarial. Це те, що сприймається всією венчурною спільнотою і всією підприємницькою спільнотою. In fact, I’m going to play you a video clip that I play all the time. در واقع، من قصد دارم یک کلیپ ویدیویی را برای شما پخش کنم که همیشه آن را پخش می کنم. De facto, vou passar-vos um vídeo que estou sempre a passar. It’s one of my favorites. É um dos meus favoritos. It’s by Vinod Khosla. É de Vinod Khosla. Do you guys know who Vinod Khosla is? Vocês sabem quem é o Vinod Khosla? Who is he? Quem é ele? Founder of Sun Microsystems, successful venture capitalist, and this is a 27 second long clip where he talks about problems as opportunities. بنیانگذار Sun Microsystems، سرمایه‌گذار موفق، و این یک کلیپ 27 ثانیه‌ای است که در آن درباره مشکلات به عنوان فرصت صحبت می‌کند. Fundador da Sun Microsystems, capitalista de risco de sucesso, e este é um clip de 27 segundos em que fala de problemas como oportunidades. Vinod Khosla: One thing I would say is..To me, every big problem is a big opportunity. Vinod Khosla: یک چیزی که می توانم بگویم این است که برای من، هر مشکل بزرگ یک فرصت بزرگ است. Vinod Khosla: Uma coisa que eu diria é que, para mim, todo grande problema é uma grande oportunidade. If you think about it, no problem, no solution, no company. Se pensarmos bem, sem problema, sem solução, não há empresa. Very simple. Every big problem is a big opportunity. Каждая большая проблема - это большая возможность. If you don’t have a big problem, you don’t have a big opportunity. Nobody will pay you to solve a non-problem. هیچ کس برای حل یک مشکل به شما پول نمی دهد. Ninguém lhe pagará para resolver um não-problema. 沒有人會付錢給你來解決一個非問題。 Tina Seelig: In fact, I see that was a talk where Tom Byers, my colleague, was introducing him, interviewing him. تینا سیلیگ: در واقع، من می بینم که این صحبتی بود که تام بایرز، همکار من، او را معرفی می کرد و با او مصاحبه می کرد. Tina Seelig: De facto, vejo que foi uma palestra em que o Tom Byers, meu colega, o apresentou e entrevistou. 蒂娜·西利格:事實上,我看到我的同事湯姆·拜爾斯在一次演講中介紹了他並採訪了他。 And this is a clip that we play in all of our classes because this is the essence, the core of entrepreneurship. و این کلیپی است که ما در تمام کلاس های خود پخش می کنیم زیرا این جوهره، هسته اصلی کارآفرینی است. E este é um clip que passamos em todas as nossas aulas porque esta é a essência, o núcleo do empreendedorismo. Этот ролик мы крутим на всех наших занятиях, потому что в нем - суть, ядро предпринимательства. І цей ролик ми показуємо на всіх наших заняттях, тому що це суть, серцевина підприємництва. 這是我們在所有課程中播放的片段,因為這是創業的本質和核心。 So how do you teach this? How do you teach people to turn problems to opportunities and look at the world as opportunity rich? Como é que se ensina as pessoas a transformarem os problemas em oportunidades e a verem o mundo como um mundo rico em oportunidades? Is it like this? É assim? Is this what you do? É isto que fazes? You line people up in rows and columns right? As pessoas são alinhadas em filas e colunas, certo? Ви шикуєте людей у ряди та колони, так? 你把人們排成行和列,對嗎? In fact it kind of looks likes this room right here. در واقع به نظر می رسد این اتاق دقیقاً اینجاست. De facto, é parecido com este quarto aqui. Насправді це схоже на цю кімнату, ось тут. 事實上,它看起來有點像這裡的這個房間。 Everyone lined up in rows and columns, the chairs bolted to the floor. همه در ردیف‌ها و ستون‌ها صف کشیده‌اند، صندلی‌ها به زمین بسته شده‌اند. Todos se alinharam em filas e colunas, com as cadeiras presas ao chão. Всі вишикувалися в ряди і колони, стільці були прикручені до підлоги. God forbid you actually talked to anyone else or move around. خدا نکنه واقعا با کسی صحبت کردی یا رفت و آمد کنی. Deus nos livre de falarmos com alguém ou de nos mexermos. Боронь Боже, щоб ви не розмовляли з кимось іншим або не пересувалися. 上帝禁止你真的和其他人說話或四處走動。 It looks like everyone is taking a multiple choice test where they are filling out one right answer to every question, filling it out with the number two pencil. Parece que toda a gente está a fazer um teste de escolha múltipla em que está a preencher uma resposta certa para cada pergunta, preenchendo-a com o lápis número dois. Виглядає так, ніби всі проходять тест з множинним вибором, де на кожне питання потрібно вибрати одну правильну відповідь, позначивши її олівцем під номером два. Is that how you teach creativity? آیا شما خلاقیت را اینگونه آموزش می دهید؟ É assim que se ensina a criatividade? Це так ви навчаєте творчості? I don’t think so. Não me parece. Я так не думаю. This is the way you teach creativity. É assim que se ensina a criatividade. Так ви навчаєте креативності. 這就是你教導創造力的方式。 You get people out of their comfort zone. شما مردم را از منطقه امن خود خارج می کنید. Fazemos com que as pessoas saiam da sua zona de conforto. Ти виводиш людей із зони комфорту. You get them jumping off of perfectly good cliffs. Eles saltam de penhascos em perfeitas condições. Ти змушуєш їх стрибати з чудових скель. You get them to feel it in their gut. Fazemos com que eles sintam isso nas suas entranhas. Вы заставите их почувствовать это нутром. Ви змушуєте їх відчути це своїм нутром. 你讓他們在內心深處感受到這一點。 It’s not necessarily a completely intellectual experience. Não se trata necessariamente de uma experiência completamente intelectual. Це не обов'язково повністю інтелектуальний досвід. You need to be able to take risks to do things you haven’t done before to take on problems that no one knows the answer to. É preciso ser capaz de correr riscos, de fazer coisas que nunca se fizeram antes, de enfrentar problemas para os quais ninguém sabe a resposta. Потрібно вміти ризикувати, робити те, чого раніше не робили, братися за проблеми, на які ніхто не знає відповіді. 你需要能夠冒險去做以前沒有做過的事情,去解決沒有人知道答案的問題。 So what I’m going to do is tell you about some of the things that we do in our classes to help people have this experience. Por isso, o que vou fazer é falar-vos de algumas das coisas que fazemos nas nossas aulas para ajudar as pessoas a terem esta experiência. Тому я розповім вам про деякі речі, які ми робимо на наших заняттях, щоб допомогти людям отримати цей досвід. 因此,我要做的就是告訴您我們在課堂上所做的一些事情,以幫助人們獲得這種體驗。

So a few years ago, I was at the d.School, the Design Institute at Stanford was just starting off. Há alguns anos, eu estava na d.School, o Instituto de Design de Stanford, que estava a começar. 幾年前,我在d.School,史丹佛設計學院才剛起步。 There was the first year there was a boot camp class. Houve o primeiro ano em que houve uma aula de campo de treino. There was a whole cast of thousands of people teaching the class, and I was asked to teach one week that focused on entrepreneurship. Havia um elenco de milhares de pessoas a dar aulas, e pediram-me para dar uma semana dedicada ao empreendedorismo. 有數千人在教這門課,我被要求教一周,重點是創業。 "Tina, will you teach one week that gets folks understanding the general principles and the ideas of entrepreneurial thinking." "Tina, podes ensinar uma semana para que as pessoas compreendam os princípios gerais e as ideias do pensamento empresarial." So I thought, what can I do? Então pensei, o que é que posso fazer? So what I did is I gave the students every team an envelope, and in that envelope was seed funding. Então, o que fiz foi dar um envelope a cada equipa de alunos e nesse envelope estava o financiamento inicial. 所以我所做的就是給每個團隊的學生一個信封,信封裡有種子資金。 How many of you know this story? Quantos de vós conhecem esta história? OK, we’re going to get cut to the chase in the second and go on to the next stories, but this one is the first assignment I gave. Muito bem, vamos ser directos na segunda e passar às histórias seguintes, mas esta é a primeira tarefa que dei. Ладно, во второй части мы перейдем к следующим историям, но эта - первое задание, которое я дал. 好吧,我們將在第二個故事中切入主題並繼續下一個故事,但這是我分配的第一個任務。 They had an envelope and in that envelope was seed funding. Tinham um envelope e nesse envelope estava o financiamento inicial. They had four or five days to plan as long as they wanted, but as soon as they opened that envelope they had two hours to make as much money as possible. Tinham quatro ou cinco dias para planear o tempo que quisessem, mas assim que abriam o envelope tinham duas horas para ganhar o máximo de dinheiro possível. Now, for those people who don’t know this, the folks who don’t know the story, how much money do you think I gave them? Agora, para as pessoas que não sabem disto, as pessoas que não conhecem a história, quanto dinheiro é que acham que lhes dei? Any guesses? Algum palpite? Audience: 500 Tina Seelig: $500, anyone else? Público: 500 Tina Seelig: 500 dólares, mais alguém? Yeah. Audience: $5 Tina Seelig: $5. Público: $5 Tina Seelig: $5. I bet you know this story, OK. Aposto que conheces esta história, OK. I know you know the story. So OK, let’s cut to the chase here. Portanto, vamos directos ao assunto. I gave them $5 and two hours to make as much money as possible. Dei-lhes 5 dólares e duas horas para ganharem o máximo de dinheiro possível. So what would you do if you were given this challenge? Então, o que é que faria se lhe fosse lançado este desafio? What would you do? Think about it. Does anyone have any ideas, any thoughts? Audience: Organize a party. Tina Seelig: Organize a party. Tina Seelig: Organizar uma festa. Invite everyone and are you going to basically charge people? Convidam toda a gente e vão basicamente cobrar às pessoas? Audience: Absolutely. Tina Seelig: Absolutely. You charge people to come to your party. Love that idea, great! I’d love to come. Gostava muito de ir. How much are you going to charge people? Quanto é que vai cobrar às pessoas? Audience: $10. Tina Seelig: $10, so how much is the party is going to cost? Tina Seelig: 10 dólares, então quanto é que a festa vai custar? Audience: About $50. Tina Seelig: About $50 so you only need five people to break even. Tina Seelig: Cerca de 50 dólares, por isso só precisa de cinco pessoas para atingir o ponto de equilíbrio. OK, good. Anyone else, another idea? Mais alguém tem outra ideia? What you might do with $5 in two hours? O que poderia fazer com 5 dólares em duas horas? 兩小時內你可以用 5 美元做什麼? First of all, you guys get gold stars because usually when I ask that question the first thing anyone ever says is, "go to Las Vegas" or "buy a lottery ticket." Antes de mais, vocês ganham estrelas de ouro porque, normalmente, quando faço esta pergunta, a primeira coisa que alguém diz é "vai para Las Vegas" ou "compra um bilhete de lotaria". 首先,你們會得到金星,因為通常當我問這個問題時,每個人說的第一句話就是「去拉斯維加斯」或「買彩券」。 Really, they feel like, well I should take a really high risk for earning a big reward. Na verdade, sentem que devem correr um risco muito elevado para obterem uma grande recompensa. 真的,他們覺得,我應該冒很大的風險才能獲得豐厚的回報。 Of course, we all know that the high likelihood is you’re going to walk away with nothing. É claro que todos sabemos que a maior probabilidade é ficar sem nada. 當然,我們都知道您很可能會一無所獲。 Well, let me tell you the clue. Bem, deixem-me dizer-vos a pista. 好吧,讓我告訴你線索。 The teams that made the most money didn’t use the $5 at all. As equipas que ganharam mais dinheiro não utilizaram os 5 dólares. They realized that the $5 was actually a limitation. Perceberam que os 5 dólares eram de facto uma limitação. They realized that that framed the problem way too tightly, and if that they looked at the skills they had and the opportunities around them that was worth a lot more. Sie erkannten, dass das Problem damit viel zu eng umrissen war, und dass es viel mehr wert war, wenn sie die Fähigkeiten, die sie hatten, und die Möglichkeiten, die sich ihnen boten, in Betracht zogen. Aperceberam-se de que isso enquadrava o problema de uma forma demasiado rígida e que, se olhassem para as competências que tinham e para as oportunidades que os rodeavam, isso valia muito mais. Они поняли, что это слишком узкая постановка проблемы, и если бы они обратили внимание на навыки, которыми они обладают, и возможности, которые их окружают, то это стоило бы гораздо больше. 他們意識到,這樣把問題框得太嚴了,如果他們能考慮到自己擁有的技能和周圍的機會,那就更有價值了。 So with that in mind, what do you think you would do? Tendo isso em mente, o que achas que farias? Any thoughts? Alguma opinião? 有什麼想法嗎? OK, since you’re being shy I’m going to tell you. Já que estás a ser tímido, vou contar-te. 好吧,既然你害羞了,那我就告訴你。 I’m going to give you a couple of examples. Vou dar-vos alguns exemplos. One team set up a stand in the middle of the student union here at Stanford in front of Tressidor. Uma equipa montou um stand no meio da associação de estudantes aqui em Stanford, em frente à Tressidor. 一隊在史丹佛大學學生會中間、崔西多面前搭建了一個看台。 They put up a little sign that said, "We will measure your bicycle tire pressure for free, but if you need air in the tires, we will charge you a dollar." Sie stellten ein kleines Schild auf, auf dem stand: "Wir messen den Reifendruck Ihres Fahrrads kostenlos, aber wenn Sie Luft in den Reifen brauchen, berechnen wir einen Dollar." Colocaram um pequeno cartaz que dizia: "Medimos a pressão dos pneus da sua bicicleta gratuitamente, mas se precisar de ar nos pneus, cobramos-lhe um dólar". Pretty cool? Muito fixe? Well, first they thought they were taking advantage of their fellow classmates because people could go around the corner and easily get their bike tires pumped up for free. Bem, primeiro pensaram que estavam a aproveitar-se dos colegas, porque as pessoas podiam ir à esquina e encher facilmente os pneus das bicicletas de graça. But you know what, they realized halfway through the two hours that people were incredibly appreciative. Mas sabem que mais, a meio das duas horas, aperceberam-se de que as pessoas estavam incrivelmente agradecidas. And so what they did is they stopped asking for a dollar, and half way through they asked for donations instead, and you know what happened? Sie hörten auf, einen Dollar zu verlangen und baten stattdessen um Spenden, und wissen Sie, was passiert ist? E o que fizeram foi deixar de pedir um dólar e, a meio, pediram donativos, e sabem o que aconteceu? 所以他們所做的就是他們不再要求一美元,而是在中途要求捐款,你知道發生了什麼事嗎? People paid them much more. As pessoas pagavam-lhes muito mais. And they walked away at the end of two hours with a couple hundred of dollars. E, ao fim de duas horas, foram-se embora com algumas centenas de dólares. Pretty cool? Muito fixe? Довольно круто? Now there were some interesting things that fell out of this experiment. Houve algumas coisas interessantes que resultaram desta experiência. First of all they realized that iterating along the way experimenting was incredibly valuable. Em primeiro lugar, aperceberam-se de que a experimentação ao longo do percurso era incrivelmente valiosa. 首先,他們意識到在實驗過程中進行迭代是非常有價值的。 They could have stayed in their dorm room, written a business plan, and they never would have learned the fact all of these things they learned along the way that here by asking for donations they actually made more. Podiam ter ficado no dormitório, escrito um plano de negócios e nunca teriam aprendido o facto de que todas estas coisas que aprenderam ao longo do caminho, ao pedirem donativos, fizeram mais. So by rapidly prototyping, experimenting, and trying things out along the way they actually learned a tremendous number of things. Assim, ao criar rapidamente protótipos, experimentar e testar coisas ao longo do caminho, aprenderam efetivamente um número enorme de coisas. So let me tell you what another team did. Deixem-me dizer-vos o que outra equipa fez.

Another team realized that on Saturday night there are all of these restaurants in Palo Alto that have really, really long lines. Outra equipa apercebeu-se de que, ao sábado à noite, há todos estes restaurantes em Palo Alto que têm filas muito, muito longas. And so what they did is they made reservations at all of these restaurants, right? E o que eles fizeram foi fazer reservas em todos esses restaurantes, certo? 那麼他們所做的就是在所有這些餐廳進行預訂,對嗎? And as the time came up, they sold their reservation. E quando chegou a altura, venderam a sua reserva. И когда подошло время, они продали свою бронь. It was a brilliant thing and again they learned some amazing things along the way. Foi uma coisa brilhante e, mais uma vez, aprenderam coisas fantásticas pelo caminho. First of all, they learned that the women students were much better at selling the reservations, people trusted them more. Em primeiro lugar, aprenderam que as mulheres estudantes eram muito melhores a vender as reservas, as pessoas confiavam mais nelas. And second of all, they realized this work best in the restaurants that have the buzzers that tell you when your restaurant reservation time is up because it was almost like a reverse hand grenade. Und zweitens haben sie festgestellt, dass dies am besten in den Restaurants funktioniert, in denen es Buzzer gibt, die einem sagen, dass die Reservierungszeit abgelaufen ist, weil es fast wie eine umgekehrte Handgranate war. And second of all, they realized this work best in the restaurants that have the buzzers that tell you when your restaurant reservation time is up because it was almost like a reverse hand grenade. Dan kedua, mereka menyadari ini bekerja paling baik di restoran yang memiliki bel yang memberi tahu Anda kapan waktu reservasi restoran Anda habis karena itu hampir seperti granat tangan terbalik. E, em segundo lugar, aperceberam-se de que isto funcionava melhor nos restaurantes que têm as campainhas que avisam quando a hora da reserva do restaurante está a terminar, porque era quase como uma granada de mão invertida. И, во-вторых, они поняли, что это работает лучше всего в ресторанах, где есть зуммер, который сообщает вам, когда время вашего резерва в ресторане истекло, потому что это было почти как ручная граната наоборот. It was something like "Here take this it’s going to go off," and it was something tangible they can give. Es war so etwas wie: "Hier, nimm das, es wird hochgehen", und es war etwas Greifbares, das sie geben konnten. Era algo do género "Toma isto, vai explodir", e era algo tangível que eles podiam dar. Это было что-то вроде «Вот, возьми это, оно взорвется», и это было что-то осязаемое, что они могли дать. 就像“拿著這個,它會爆炸”,這是他們可以給予的有形的東西。 They was another added benefit there because once they give someone this buzzer they got that buzzer in return, and they now could trade that one and sell that one later in the evening, pretty cool. Mereka adalah manfaat tambahan lain di sana karena begitu mereka memberi seseorang bel ini, mereka mendapat bel itu sebagai imbalan, dan mereka sekarang dapat menukar yang itu dan menjual yang itu nanti di malam hari, cukup keren. Havia outro benefício adicional, porque quando davam a campainha a alguém, recebiam essa campainha em troca, e agora podiam trocar essa campainha e vendê-la mais tarde, o que era muito fixe. У них было еще одно дополнительное преимущество, потому что, как только они давали кому-то этот зуммер, они получали этот зуммер взамен, и теперь они могли обменять этот и продать его позже вечером, довольно круто. So again the students realized there was no excuse for ever having no money in their pocket. Mais uma vez, os alunos aperceberam-se de que não havia desculpa para não terem dinheiro no bolso. All they had to do is look around and see the opportunities in their midst. Tudo o que tinham de fazer era olhar à sua volta e ver as oportunidades no seu meio. But I have to tell you; the team that made the most money completely challenged all the assumptions. Mas devo dizer que a equipa que ganhou mais dinheiro desafiou completamente todos os pressupostos. They realized that the most valuable thing they had was not the $5 and was not the two hours. Perceberam que a coisa mais valiosa que tinham não eram os 5 dólares nem as duas horas. The most valuable thing they had was their three minute presentation time in class, which they sold to a company that wanted to recruit those students. A coisa mais valiosa que tinham era o tempo de apresentação de três minutos na aula, que venderam a uma empresa que queria recrutar esses estudantes. 他們擁有的最有價值的東西是他們在課堂上的三分鐘演示時間,他們將其賣給了想要招募這些學生的公司。 Pretty amazing? É espetacular? It was brilliant and again the lesson here is that so often we frame problems way too tightly and if we keep unpacking and unpacking them we realized that we have resources that are much larger and more valuable than we even imagined. Es war brillant, und die Lektion hier ist, dass wir Probleme oft viel zu eng fassen, und wenn wir sie immer wieder auspacken, stellen wir fest, dass wir Ressourcen haben, die viel größer und wertvoller sind, als wir uns vorstellen können. Foi brilhante e, mais uma vez, a lição que aqui fica é que, muitas vezes, enquadramos os problemas de uma forma demasiado rígida e, se continuarmos a desempacotá-los, apercebemo-nos de que temos recursos que são muito maiores e mais valiosos do que imaginávamos. But we also realized that our own skills that we have and the opportunities around us are bigger than we ever thought at the beginning. Mas também nos apercebemos de que as competências que temos e as oportunidades que nos rodeiam são maiores do que alguma vez pensámos no início. So this was a great experiment and I was delighted with the outcome. Foi uma óptima experiência e fiquei muito satisfeita com o resultado. I always like to give experiments and class assignments where I don’t know what the students are going to do because they always do much more than I ever imagined. Gosto sempre de fazer experiências e trabalhos de aula em que não sei o que os alunos vão fazer, porque eles fazem sempre muito mais do que eu imaginava.