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Four Great Americans: Washington, Franklin, Webster, Lincoln. A Book for Young Americans by James Baldwin, THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.—INDEPENDENCE.

THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.—INDEPENDENCE.

On the fourth day of the following July there was a great stir in the town of Philadelphia. Congress was sitting in the Hall of the State House. The streets were full of people; everybody seemed anxious; everybody was in suspense.

Men were crowding around the State House and listening.

"Who is speaking now?" asked one.

"John Adams," was the answer. "And who is speaking now?" "Doctor Franklin." "Good! Let them follow his advice, for he knows what is best." Then there was a lull outside, for everybody wanted to hear what the great Dr. Franklin had to say.

After a while the same question was asked again: "Who is speaking now?" And the answer was: "Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. It was he and Franklin who wrote it." "Wrote what?" "Why, the Declaration of Independence, of course." A little later some one said: "They will be ready to sign it soon." "But will they dare to sign it?" "Dare? They dare not do otherwise." Inside the hall grave men were discussing the acts of the King of England.

"He has cut off our trade with all parts of the world," said one. "He has forced us to pay taxes without our consent," said another. "He has sent his soldiers among us to burn our towns and kill our people," said a third. "He has tried to make the Indians our enemies," said a fourth. "He is a tyrant and unfit to be the ruler of a free people," agreed they all. And then everybody was silent while one read: "We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, solemnly publish and declare that the united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states " Soon afterward the bell in the high tower above the hall began to ring.

"It is done!" cried the people. "They have signed the Declaration of Independence." "Yes, every colony has voted for it," said those nearest the door. "The King of England shall no longer rule over us." And that was the way in which the United States came into being. The thirteen colonies were now thirteen states.

Up to this time Washington and his army had been fighting for the rights of the people as colonists. They had been fighting in order to oblige the king to do away with the unjust laws which he had made. But now they were to fight for freedom and for the independence of the United States.

By and by you will read in your histories how wisely and bravely Washington conducted the war. You will learn how he held out against the king's soldiers on Long Island and at White Plains; how he crossed the Delaware amid floating ice and drove the English from Trenton; how he wintered at Morristown; how he suffered at Valley Forge; how he fought at Germantown and Monmouth and Yorktown. There were six years of fighting, of marching here and there, of directing and planning, of struggling in the face of every discouragement.

Eight years passed, and then peace came, for independence had been won, and this our country was made forever free.

On the 2d of November, 1783, Washington bade farewell to his army. On the 23d of December he resigned his commission as commander-in-chief.

There were some who suggested that Washington should make himself king of this country; and indeed this he might have done, so great was the people's love and gratitude. But the great man spurned such suggestions. He said, "If you have any regard for your country or respect for me, banish those thoughts and never again speak of them."

THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.—INDEPENDENCE. DIE GESCHICHTE VON GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.-UNABHÄNGIGKEIT. LA HISTORIA DE GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.-LA INDEPENDENCIA. L'HISTOIRE DE GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII - L'INDÉPENDANCE. LA STORIA DI GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.-INDIPENDENZA. ジョージ・ワシントンの物語独立 A HISTÓRIA DE GEORGE WASHINGTON. XIII.-INDEPENDÊNCIA. ИСТОРИЯ ДЖОРДЖА ВАШИНГТОНА. XIII.- НЕЗАВИСИМОСТЬ. GEORGE WASHINGTON'IN HİKAYESİ. XIII.-BAĞIMSIZLIK. ІСТОРІЯ ДЖОРДЖА ВАШИНГТОНА. XIII.—НЕЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ. 乔治·华盛顿的故事。 XIII.——独立。

On the fourth day of the following July there was a great stir in the town of Philadelphia. No quarto dia do mês de julho seguinte, houve uma grande agitação na cidade de Filadélfia. Takip eden Temmuz ayının dördüncü günü Philadelphia kentinde büyük bir heyecan yaşandı. На четвертий день наступного липня в місті Філадельфія зчинився великий переполох. 第二年七月四日,费城城发生了一场大骚动。 Congress was sitting in the Hall of the State House. O Congresso estava sentado no Salão Nobre da Casa do Estado. Kongre, Eyalet Binası'nın salonunda oturuyordu. Конгрес засідав у залі Державного будинку. 国会在州议会大厦大厅举行。 The streets were full of people; everybody seemed anxious; everybody was in suspense. As ruas estavam cheias de gente; toda a gente parecia ansiosa; toda a gente estava em suspense. Sokaklar insanlarla doluydu; herkes endişeli görünüyordu; herkes merak içindeydi. Вулиці були повні людей; всі здавалися стурбованими; всі були в напрузі. 街道上挤满了人;每个人都显得很焦虑;大家都陷入了悬念。

Men were crowding around the State House and listening. Os homens aglomeravam-se à volta da State House e escutavam. Erkekler Devlet Binası'nın etrafında toplanmış dinliyorlardı. Чоловіки товпилися біля Державного будинку й слухали.

"Who is speaking now?" "Şimdi kim konuşuyor?" asked one. bir tane sordu.

"John Adams," was the answer. "John Adams," diye cevap verdi. "And who is speaking now?" "Peki şimdi kim konuşuyor?" "Doctor Franklin." "Doktor Franklin." "Good! Let them follow his advice, for he knows what is best." Que sigam os seus conselhos, pois ele sabe o que é melhor." Onun tavsiyesine uysunlar, çünkü o en iyisini bilir." Нехай слухаються його поради, бо він знає, що найкраще». Then there was a lull outside, for everybody wanted to hear what the great Dr. Franklin had to say. Depois houve uma pausa lá fora, porque toda a gente queria ouvir o que o grande Dr. Franklin tinha para dizer. Sonra dışarıda bir sessizlik oldu, çünkü herkes büyük Dr. Franklin'in söyleyeceklerini duymak istiyordu. Потім надворі було затишшя, бо всі хотіли почути, що скаже великий доктор Франклін. 然后外面一片平静,因为每个人都想听听伟大的富兰克林博士要说什么。

After a while the same question was asked again: "Who is speaking now?" Passado algum tempo, a mesma pergunta foi feita novamente: "Quem está a falar agora?" Bir süre sonra aynı soru tekrar soruldu: "Şimdi kim konuşuyor?" And the answer was: "Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. Ve cevap şuydu: "Virginia'lı Thomas Jefferson. 答案是:“弗吉尼亚州的托马斯·杰斐逊。 It was he and Franklin who wrote it." O ve Franklin yazdı." Це він і Франклін написали це». 这是他和富兰克林写的。” "Wrote what?" "Ne yazdın?" "Why, the Declaration of Independence, of course." "Ora, a Declaração de Independência, claro". "Neden, Bağımsızlık Bildirgesi tabii ki." A little later some one said: "They will be ready to sign it soon." Um pouco mais tarde, alguém disse: "Eles estarão prontos para o assinar em breve". Bir süre sonra biri şöyle dedi: "Yakında imzalamaya hazır olacaklar." Трохи пізніше хтось сказав: «Вони скоро будуть готові підписати». "But will they dare to sign it?" "Mas será que se atreverão a assiná-lo?" "Ama imzalamaya cesaret edecekler mi?" — Але чи наважаться вони підписати? "Dare? "Atrever-se? "Cesaret mi? They dare not do otherwise." Não se atrevem a fazer o contrário". Başka türlüsünü yapmaya cesaret edemezler." Інакше вони не сміють». 他们不敢做别的事。” Inside the hall grave men were discussing the acts of the King of England. No interior do salão, homens graves discutiam os actos do rei de Inglaterra. Salonun içinde mezar adamları İngiltere Kralı'nın icraatlarını tartışıyorlardı. У залі могили люди обговорювали вчинки короля Англії. 大厅里严肃的人们正在讨论英格兰国王的行为。

"He has cut off our trade with all parts of the world," said one. "Cortou o nosso comércio com todas as partes do mundo", disse um deles. "Dünyanın her yeriyle ticaretimizi kesti," dedi biri. "He has forced us to pay taxes without our consent," said another. "Obrigou-nos a pagar impostos sem o nosso consentimento", disse outro. Bir diğeri ise "Rızamız olmadan bizi vergi ödemeye zorladı" dedi. «Він змусив нас платити податки без нашої згоди», — сказав інший. "He has sent his soldiers among us to burn our towns and kill our people," said a third. "Enviou os seus soldados entre nós para queimar as nossas cidades e matar o nosso povo", disse um terceiro. Üçüncü bir kişi ise "Kasabalarımızı yakmak ve insanlarımızı öldürmek için askerlerini aramıza gönderdi" dedi. 第三个人说:“他派遣士兵到我们中间烧毁我们的城镇并杀害我们的人民。” "He has tried to make the Indians our enemies," said a fourth. "Ele tentou fazer dos índios nossos inimigos", disse um quarto. "Kızılderilileri düşmanımız haline getirmeye çalıştı," dedi dördüncü bir kişi. "He is a tyrant and unfit to be the ruler of a free people," agreed they all. "Ele é um tirano e incapaz de governar um povo livre", concordaram todos. "O bir tiran ve özgür bir halkın yöneticisi olmaya uygun değil," diye hemfikir oldular. «Він тиран і непридатний бути правителем вільного народу», — погодилися всі. “他是一个暴君,不适合成为自由人民的统治者,”他们一致认为。 And then everybody was silent while one read: "We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, solemnly publish and declare that the united colonies are, and of right ought to be,  free and independent states " E depois toda a gente ficou em silêncio enquanto se lia: "Nós, portanto, os representantes dos Estados Unidos da América, publicamos e declaramos solenemente que as colónias unidas são, e por direito devem ser, Estados livres e independentes" Ve sonra biri okurken herkes sustu: "Bu nedenle, biz, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri temsilcileri, birleşik kolonilerin özgür ve bağımsız devletler olduğunu ve olması gerektiğini ciddiyetle ilan ederiz." І тоді всі мовчали, поки один читав: «Отже, ми, представники Сполучених Штатів Америки, урочисто публікуємо й проголошуємо, що об’єднані колонії є і по праву повинні бути вільними й незалежними державами». 然后大家都沉默了,有人读到:“因此,我们,美利坚合众国的代表,庄严地宣布并宣布,联合殖民地是而且理应是自由和独立的国家。” Soon afterward the bell in the high tower above the hall began to ring. Pouco depois, o sino da torre alta por cima do salão começou a tocar. Kısa bir süre sonra salonun üstündeki yüksek kulenin çanı çalmaya başladı. Незабаром у високій вежі над залою задзвенів дзвін.

"It is done!" "Está feito!" "Tamamdır!" cried the people. gritava o povo. insanlar ağladı. — кричали люди. "They have signed the Declaration of Independence." "Eles assinaram a Declaração de Independência". "Bağımsızlık Bildirgesini imzaladılar." «Вони підписали Декларацію незалежності». "Yes, every colony has voted for it," said those nearest the door. "Sim, todas as colónias votaram a favor", disseram os que estavam mais perto da porta. "Evet, tüm koloniler bu yönde oy kullandı," dedi kapıya en yakın olanlar. «Так, кожна колонія проголосувала за це», — сказали найближчі до дверей. “是的,每个殖民地都投票支持它,”离门最近的人说。 "The King of England shall no longer rule over us." "O Rei de Inglaterra já não nos governará." "İngiltere Kralı artık bizi yönetemeyecek." «Король Англії більше не правитиме нами». “英格兰国王将不再统治我们。” And that was the way in which the United States came into being. E foi assim que os Estados Unidos nasceram. Ve Birleşik Devletler bu şekilde ortaya çıktı. І таким чином виникли Сполучені Штати. The thirteen colonies were now thirteen states. As treze colónias eram agora treze Estados. On üç koloni artık on üç eyaletti. Тринадцять колоній тепер були тринадцятьма штатами.

Up to this time Washington and his army had been fighting for the rights of the people as colonists. Até então, Washington e o seu exército tinham estado a lutar pelos direitos do povo enquanto colonos. Bu zamana kadar Washington ve ordusu, kolonist olarak halkın hakları için savaşıyordu. До цього часу Вашингтон і його армія боролися за права людей як колоністів. 迄今为止,华盛顿和他的军队一直在为人民作为殖民者的权利而战。 They had been fighting in order to oblige the king to do away with the unjust laws which he had made. Sie hatten gekämpft, um den König zu zwingen, die ungerechten Gesetze, die er erlassen hatte, aufzuheben. Tinham lutado para obrigar o rei a pôr termo às leis injustas que tinha feito. Kralı, yaptığı adaletsiz yasaları kaldırmaya zorlamak için savaşıyorlardı. Вони билися, щоб змусити короля скасувати несправедливі закони, які він видав. 他们一直在战斗,以迫使国王废除他制定的不公正的法律。 But now they were to fight for freedom and for the independence of the United States. Mas agora tinham de lutar pela liberdade e pela independência dos Estados Unidos. Ama şimdi özgürlük ve Birleşik Devletler'in bağımsızlığı için savaşacaklardı.

By and by you will read in your histories how wisely and bravely Washington conducted the war. Em breve, lerão nas vossas histórias como Washington conduziu a guerra com sabedoria e coragem. Tarihlerinizde Washington'un savaşı ne kadar akıllıca ve cesurca yönettiğini okuyacaksınız. Мало-помалу ви прочитаєте у своїх історіях, як мудро і відважно Вашингтон вів війну. 渐渐地,你会在你的历史中读到华盛顿是如何明智而勇敢地指挥这场战争的。 You will learn how he held out against the king's soldiers on Long Island and at White Plains; how he crossed the Delaware amid floating ice and drove the English from Trenton; how he wintered at Morristown; how he suffered at Valley Forge; how he fought at Germantown and Monmouth and Yorktown. Ficará a saber como ele resistiu aos soldados do rei em Long Island e em White Plains; como atravessou o Delaware no meio de gelo flutuante e expulsou os ingleses de Trenton; como passou o inverno em Morristown; como sofreu em Valley Forge; como lutou em Germantown, Monmouth e Yorktown. Long Island'da ve White Plains'de kralın askerlerine karşı nasıl direndiğini; Delaware'i yüzen buzlar arasında nasıl geçtiğini ve İngilizleri Trenton'dan nasıl sürdüğünü; Morristown'da nasıl kışladığını; Valley Forge'da nasıl acı çektiğini; Germantown, Monmouth ve Yorktown'da nasıl savaştığını öğreneceksiniz. Ви дізнаєтесь, як він вистояв проти королівських солдатів на Лонг-Айленді та Білих рівнинах; як він перетнув Делавер серед плавучої криги й вигнав англійців із Трентона; як він зимував у Моррістауні; як він страждав у Веллі-Фордж; як він воював під Джермантауном, Монмутом і Йорктауном. 您将了解他如何在长岛和怀特普莱恩斯抵抗国王的士兵;他如何在浮冰中横渡特拉华河,将英国人赶出特伦顿;他如何在莫里斯敦过冬;他在福吉谷遭受了怎样的痛苦;他如何在日耳曼敦、蒙茅斯和约克敦作战。 There were six years of fighting, of marching here and there, of directing and planning, of struggling in the face of every discouragement. Es waren sechs Jahre des Kämpfens, des Marschierens hierhin und dorthin, des Leitens und Planens, des Kämpfens gegen jede Entmutigung. Foram seis anos de luta, de marcha aqui e ali, de direção e planeamento, de luta perante todos os desânimos. Savaşmakla, oraya buraya yürümekle, yönetmekle ve planlamakla, her türlü cesaretsizlik karşısında mücadele etmekle geçen altı yıl vardı. Було шість років боїв, маршування туди-сюди, керівництва та планування, боротьби перед обличчям усіх знеохочень. 六年的战斗,到处行军,指挥和计划,面对每一次挫折而奋斗。

Eight years passed, and then peace came, for independence had been won, and this our country was made forever free. Passaram oito anos, e depois veio a paz, pois a independência tinha sido conquistada, e este nosso país tornou-se livre para sempre. Sekiz yıl geçti ve sonra barış geldi, çünkü bağımsızlık kazanılmıştı ve bu ülkemiz sonsuza dek özgür oldu. Минуло вісім років, а потім настав мир, бо незалежність була здобута, і ця наша країна стала навіки вільною.

On the 2d of November, 1783, Washington bade farewell to his army. No dia 2 de novembro de 1783, Washington despediu-se do seu exército. 2 ноября 1783 года Вашингтон попрощался со своей армией. 2 Kasım 1783'te Washington ordusuyla vedalaştı. 2 листопада 1783 року Вашингтон попрощався зі своєю армією. On the 23d of December he resigned his commission as commander-in-chief. Em 23 de dezembro, demitiu-se do cargo de comandante-chefe. 23 Aralık'ta başkomutanlık görevinden istifa etti. 23 грудня він склав повноваження головнокомандувача. 12月23日,他辞去总司令职务。

There were some who suggested that Washington should make himself king of this country; and indeed this he might have done, so great was the people's love and gratitude. Houve quem sugerisse que Washington se fizesse rei deste país; e, de facto, poderia tê-lo feito, tão grande era o amor e a gratidão do povo. Washington'un kendisini bu ülkenin kralı yapmasını önerenler oldu; ve gerçekten de bunu yapabilirdi, halkın sevgisi ve minnettarlığı o kadar büyüktü ki. Були деякі, хто пропонував Вашингтону зробити себе королем цієї країни; і справді це він міг би зробити, такою великою була любов і вдячність людей. 有些人建议华盛顿应该自立为这个国家的国王;事实上,他本可以做到这一点,因为人民的爱戴和感激是如此之大。 But the great man spurned such suggestions. Mas o grande homem rejeitou tais sugestões. Ancak büyük adam bu tür önerileri reddetti. Але велика людина відкинула такі пропозиції. 但这位伟人拒绝了这样的建议。 He said, "If you have any regard for your country or respect for me, banish those thoughts and never again speak of them." Ele disse: "Se têm alguma consideração pelo vosso país ou respeito por mim, banam esses pensamentos e nunca mais falem deles." "Eğer ülkenize ya da bana biraz saygınız varsa, bu düşünceleri aklınızdan çıkarın ve bir daha asla bunlardan bahsetmeyin" dedi. Він сказав: «Якщо ви маєте хоч якусь повагу до своєї країни чи поважаєте мене, відкиньте ці думки й ніколи більше не говоріть про них». 他说:“如果你对你的国家或对我有任何尊重,请消除这些想法,永远不要再谈论它们。”