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Four Great Americans: Washington, Franklin, Webster, Lincoln. A Book for Young Americans by James Baldwin, THE STORY OF DANIEL WEBSTER. X.—LAWYER AND CONGRESSMAN.

THE STORY OF DANIEL WEBSTER. X.—LAWYER AND CONGRESSMAN.

When Daniel Webster had been in Boscawen nearly two years, his father died. It was then decided that Ezekiel should come and take charge of the home farm, and care for their mother.

Ezekiel had not yet graduated from college, but he had read law and was hoping to be admitted to the bar. He was a man of much natural ability, and many people believed that he would some day become a very famous lawyer.

And so, in the autumn of 1807, Daniel gave up to his brother the law business which he had in Boscawen, and removed to the city of Portsmouth.

He was now twenty-five years old. In Portsmouth he would find plenty of work to do; it would be the very kind of work that he liked. He was now well started on the road towards greatness.

The very next year, he was married to Miss Grace Fletcher, the daughter of a minister in Hopkinton. The happy couple began housekeeping in a small, modest, wooden house, in Portsmouth; and there they lived, very plainly and without pretension, for several years.

Mr. Webster's office was "a common, ordinary-looking room, with less furniture and more books than common. He had a small inner room, opening from the larger, rather an unusual thing." It was not long until the name of Daniel Webster was known all over New Hampshire. Those who were acquainted with him said that he was the smartest young lawyer in Portsmouth. They said that if he kept on in the way that he had started, there were great things in store for him.

The country people told wonderful stories about him. They said that he was as black as a coal—but of course they had never seen him. They believed that he could gain any case in court that he chose to manage—and in this they were about right.

There was another great lawyer in Portsmouth. His name was Jeremiah Mason, and he was much older than Mr. Webster. Indeed, he was already a famous man when Daniel first began the practice of law.

The young lawyer and the older one soon became warm friends; and yet they were often opposed to each other in the courts. Daniel was always obliged to do his best when Mr. Mason was against him. This caused him to be very careful. It no doubt made him become a better lawyer than he otherwise would have been.

While Webster was thus quietly practicing law in New Hampshire, trouble was brewing between the United States and England. The English were doing much to hinder American merchants from trading with foreign countries.

They claimed the right to search American vessels for seamen who had deserted from the British service. And it is said that American sailors were often dragged from their own vessels and forced to serve on board the English ships.

Matters kept getting worse and worse for several years. At last, in June, 1812, the United States declared war against England.

Daniel Webster was opposed to this war, and he made several speeches against it. He said that, although we had doubtless suffered many wrongs, there was more cause for war with France than with England. And then, the United States had no navy, and hence was not ready to go to war with any nation.

Webster's influence in New Hampshire was so great that he persuaded many of the people of that state to think just as he thought on this subject. They nominated him as their representative in Congress; and when the time came, they elected him.

It was on the 24th of May, 1813, that he first took his seat in Congress. He was then thirty-one years old.

In that same Congress there were two other young men who afterwards made their names famous in the history of their country. One was Henry Clay, of Kentucky. The other was John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina. Both were a little older than Webster; both had already made some mark in public life; and both were in favor of the war.

During his first year in Congress, Mr. Webster made some stirring speeches in support of his own opinions. In this way, as well by his skill in debate, he made himself known as a young man of more than common ability and promise.

Chief Justice Marshall, who was then at the head of the Supreme Court of the United States, said of him: "I have never seen a man of whose intellect I had a higher opinion." In 1814, the war that had been going on so long came to an end. But now there were other subjects which claimed Mr. Webster's attention in Congress. Then, as now, there were important questions regarding the money of the nation; and upon these questions there was great difference of opinion. Daniel Webster's speeches, in favor of a sound currency, did much to maintain the national credit and to save the country from bankruptcy. The people of New Hampshire were so well pleased with the record which he made in Congress that, when his first term expired, they re-elected him for a second.

THE STORY OF DANIEL WEBSTER. X.—LAWYER AND CONGRESSMAN. L'HISTOIRE DE DANIEL WEBSTER. X.-AVOCAT ET MEMBRE DU CONGRÈS. DANIEL WEBSTER'IN HİKAYESİ. X.-AVUKAT VE KONGRE ÜYESİ. ІСТОРІЯ ДЕНІЕЛА ВЕБСТЕРА. X.—АДВОКАТ І КОНГРЕСМЕН. 丹尼尔-韦伯斯特的故事十、律师和国会议员。 丹尼爾·韋伯斯特的故事。 X.——律師和國會議員。

When Daniel Webster had been in Boscawen nearly two years, his father died. Коли Даніель Вебстер пробув у Боскавені майже два роки, його батько помер. 当丹尼尔·韦伯斯特来到博斯卡文近两年时,他的父亲去世了。 It was then decided that Ezekiel should come and take charge of the home farm, and care for their mother. Bunun üzerine Ezekiel'in gelip evdeki çiftliğin sorumluluğunu üstlenmesine ve annelerine bakmasına karar verildi. Тоді було вирішено, що Єзекіїль повинен прийти і взяти на себе відповідальність за домашню ферму та піклуватися про їхню матір.

Ezekiel had not yet graduated from college, but he had read law and was hoping to be admitted to the bar. Ezekiel henüz üniversiteden mezun olmamıştı ama hukuk okumuştu ve baroya kabul edilmeyi umuyordu. Єзекіїль ще не закінчив коледж, але він читав юриспруденцію і сподівався, що його приймуть до адвокатури. 以西结还没有从大学毕业,但他读过法律,并希望能获得律师资格。 He was a man of much natural ability, and many people believed that he would some day become a very famous lawyer. Doğuştan yetenekli bir adamdı ve birçok kişi onun bir gün çok ünlü bir avukat olacağına inanıyordu. Він був людиною дуже природних здібностей, і багато людей вірили, що одного дня він стане дуже відомим юристом. 他是一个很有天赋的人,许多人相信他有一天会成为一名非常有名的律师。

And so, in the autumn of 1807, Daniel gave up to his brother the law business which he had in Boscawen, and removed to the city of Portsmouth. Böylece 1807 sonbaharında Daniel, Boscawen'da sahip olduğu avukatlık işini kardeşine bıraktı ve Portsmouth şehrine taşındı. І тому восени 1807 року Даніель поступився своєму братові юридичною справою, яку мав у Боскавені, і переїхав до міста Портсмут. 因此,1807 年秋天,丹尼尔把他在博斯卡文的律师事务所交给了他的兄弟,并搬到了朴茨茅斯市。

He was now twenty-five years old. Şimdi yirmi beş yaşındaydı. In Portsmouth he would find plenty of work to do; it would be the very kind of work that he liked. Portsmouth'ta yapacak çok iş bulacaktı; tam da sevdiği türden bir iş olacaktı. У Портсмуті він знайде багато роботи; це була б саме та робота, яка йому подобалася. He was now well started on the road towards greatness. Artık büyüklüğe giden yolda iyi bir başlangıç yapmıştı. Тепер він добре почав шлях до величі. 他现在已经开始走上伟大的道路了。

The very next year, he was married to Miss Grace Fletcher, the daughter of a minister in Hopkinton. Hemen ertesi yıl Hopkinton'da bir papazın kızı olan Bayan Grace Fletcher ile evlendi. Вже наступного року він одружився з міс Грейс Флетчер, донькою священика в Гопкінтоні. 第二年,他与霍普金顿一位牧师的女儿格蕾丝·弗莱彻小姐结婚。 The happy couple began housekeeping in a small, modest, wooden house, in Portsmouth; and there they lived, very plainly and without pretension, for several years. Mutlu çift Portsmouth'ta küçük, mütevazı, ahşap bir evde yaşamaya başladı; ve orada birkaç yıl boyunca çok sade ve gösterişsiz bir şekilde yaşadılar. Щаслива пара почала вести господарство в маленькому скромному дерев’яному будинку в Портсмуті; і там вони жили, дуже просто і без претензій, протягом кількох років. 这对幸福的夫妇开始在朴茨茅斯的一栋朴素的小木屋里做家务。他们在那里生活了好几年,非常简朴、不做作。

Mr. Webster's office was "a common, ordinary-looking room, with less furniture and more books than common. Bay Webster'ın ofisi "sıradan, sıradan görünümlü bir odaydı, daha az mobilya ve normalden daha fazla kitap vardı. Кабінет пана Вебстера був «звичайним, звичайним на вигляд приміщенням, з меншою кількістю меблів і більшою кількістю книг, ніж у звичайному. He had a small inner room, opening from the larger, rather an unusual thing." Büyük odadan açılan küçük bir iç odası vardı, oldukça sıra dışı bir şeydi." У нього була маленька внутрішня кімната, що відкривалася з більшої, досить незвичайна річ». 他有一个很小的内室,从更大的房间打开,这是一件很不寻常的事情。” It was not long until the name of Daniel Webster was known all over New Hampshire. Daniel Webster'ın adının New Hampshire'ın her yerinde duyulması uzun sürmedi. Невдовзі ім’я Деніела Вебстера стало відомим у всьому Нью-Гемпширі. 不久之后,丹尼尔·韦伯斯特的名字就传遍了新罕布什尔州。 Those who were acquainted with him said that he was the smartest young lawyer in Portsmouth. Onu tanıyanlar Portsmouth'taki en zeki genç avukat olduğunu söylüyorlardı. Ті, хто був з ним знайомий, говорили, що він був найрозумнішим молодим юристом у Портсмуті. They said that if he kept on in the way that he had started, there were great things in store for him. Başladığı yolda devam ederse, onu büyük şeylerin beklediğini söylediler. Вони сказали, що якщо він продовжуватиме так, як почав, його чекають великі речі. 他们说,如果他继续走他开始的道路,将会有伟大的事情等着他。

The country people told wonderful stories about him. Taşralı insanlar onun hakkında harika hikayeler anlattılar. Селяни розповідали про нього чудові історії. They said that he was as black as a coal—but of course they had never seen him. Onun bir kömür kadar siyah olduğunu söylediler ama tabii ki onu hiç görmemişlerdi. Вони казали, що він чорний, як вугілля, але, звичайно, ніколи його не бачили. 他们说他像煤炭一样黑——但他们当然从未见过他。 They believed that he could gain any case in court that he chose to manage—and in this they were about right. Mahkemede yönetmeyi seçtiği her davayı kazanabileceğine inanıyorlardı ve bu konuda haklıydılar. Вони вірили, що він може виграти будь-яку справу в суді, яку він захоче вести, і в цьому вони мали рацію. 他们相信他可以在法庭上胜诉他选择处理的任何案件——在这一点上他们是对的。

There was another great lawyer in Portsmouth. Portsmouth'ta başka bir büyük avukat daha vardı. У Портсмуті був ще один чудовий адвокат. His name was Jeremiah Mason, and he was much older than Mr. Webster. Adı Jeremiah Mason'dı ve Bay Webster'dan çok daha yaşlıydı. Його звали Джеремія Мейсон, і він був набагато старший за містера Вебстера. 他的名字叫耶利米·梅森,比韦伯斯特先生年长得多。 Indeed, he was already a famous man when Daniel first began the practice of law. Gerçekten de Daniel avukatlık mesleğine ilk başladığında çoktan ünlü bir adam olmuştu. Дійсно, він уже був відомою людиною, коли Даніель вперше почав займатися адвокатською діяльністю. 事实上,当丹尼尔刚开始从事法律工作时,他已经是一位名人了。

The young lawyer and the older one soon became warm friends; and yet they were often opposed to each other in the courts. Genç avukat ve yaşlı avukat kısa sürede sıcak birer dost oldular; ancak mahkemelerde sık sık karşı karşıya geliyorlardı. Молодий адвокат і старший незабаром стали теплими друзями; і все ж вони часто протистояли один одному в судах. 这位年轻的律师和年长的律师很快就成为了亲密的朋友。然而他们在法庭上却经常互相对立。 Daniel was always obliged to do his best when Mr. Mason was against him. Daniel, Bay Mason ona karşı olduğunda her zaman elinden gelenin en iyisini yapmak zorundaydı. Деніел завжди був змушений робити все можливе, коли містер Мейсон був проти нього. 当梅森先生反对丹尼尔时,他总是必须尽力而为。 This caused him to be very careful. Bu da onun çok dikkatli olmasına neden oldu. Це змусило його бути дуже обережним. 这让他不得不非常小心。 It no doubt made him become a better lawyer than he otherwise would have been. Hiç şüphesiz bu durum onun normalde olabileceğinden daha iyi bir avukat olmasını sağladı. Це, безсумнівно, змусило його стати кращим юристом, ніж він був би в іншому випадку. 毫无疑问,这使他成为了一名比其他情况下更好的律师。

While Webster was thus quietly practicing law in New Hampshire, trouble was brewing between the United States and England. Webster bu şekilde New Hampshire'da sessizce avukatlık yaparken, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile İngiltere arasında sorunlar baş gösteriyordu. Поки Вебстер тихо займався адвокатською діяльністю в Нью-Гемпширі, між Сполученими Штатами та Англією назрівали проблеми. The English were doing much to hinder American merchants from trading with foreign countries. İngilizler, Amerikalı tüccarların yabancı ülkelerle ticaret yapmasını engellemek için çok şey yapıyordu. Англійці робили багато, щоб перешкодити американським купцям торгувати з іноземними державами. 英国人做了很多事情来阻止美国商人与外国进行贸易。

They claimed the right to search American vessels for seamen who had deserted from the British service. İngiliz hizmetinden firar eden denizcileri bulmak için Amerikan gemilerini arama hakkını talep ettiler. Вони заявили про право шукати на американських суднах моряків, які дезертирували з британської служби. 他们声称有权搜查美国船只,寻找从英国服役的海员。 And it is said that American sailors were often dragged from their own vessels and forced to serve on board the English ships. Ve Amerikalı denizcilerin sık sık kendi gemilerinden sürüklenerek İngiliz gemilerinde hizmet vermeye zorlandıkları söylenir. І кажуть, що американських моряків часто стягували з власних кораблів і змушували служити на борту англійських кораблів. 据说美国水手经常被从自己的船上拖下来,被迫在英国船上服役。

Matters kept getting worse and worse for several years. İşler birkaç yıl boyunca daha da kötüye gitmeye devam etti. Ситуація ставала все гіршою і гіршою протягом кількох років. At last, in June, 1812, the United States declared war against England. Nihayet 1812 yılının Haziran ayında Birleşik Devletler İngiltere'ye karşı savaş ilan etti.

Daniel Webster was opposed to this war, and he made several speeches against it. Daniel Webster bu savaşa karşıydı ve savaş aleyhinde birçok konuşma yaptı. He said that, although we had doubtless suffered many wrongs, there was more cause for war with France than with England. Şüphesiz birçok haksızlığa uğramış olmamıza rağmen, Fransa ile savaşmak için İngiltere'den daha fazla neden olduğunu söyledi. Він сказав, що, незважаючи на те, що ми, безперечно, зазнали багатьох кривд, було більше причин для війни з Францією, ніж з Англією. 他说,尽管我们无疑遭受了许多冤屈,但与法国开战的理由比与英国开战的理由更多。 And then, the United States had no navy, and hence was not ready to go to war with any nation. O zamanlar Birleşik Devletler'in donanması yoktu ve dolayısıyla herhangi bir ulusla savaşa girmeye hazır değildi. Крім того, Сполучені Штати не мали флоту, а отже, не були готові воювати з будь-якою державою. 当时,美国没有海军,因此不准备与任何国家开战。

Webster's influence in New Hampshire was so great that he persuaded many of the people of that state to think just as he thought on this subject. Webster'ın New Hampshire'daki etkisi o kadar büyüktü ki, bu eyaletteki pek çok kişiyi bu konuda kendisi gibi düşünmeye ikna etti. Вплив Вебстера в Нью-Гемпширі був настільки великим, що він переконав багатьох жителів цього штату думати на цю тему так само, як він. 韦伯斯特在新罕布什尔州的影响力如此之大,以至于他说服了该州的许多人在这个问题上与他的想法一样。 They nominated him as their representative in Congress; and when the time came, they elected him. Onu Kongre'deki temsilcileri olarak aday gösterdiler ve zamanı geldiğinde de seçtiler. Вони висунули його своїм представником у Конгресі; і коли прийшов час, вони обрали його.

It was on the 24th of May, 1813, that he first took his seat in Congress. Kongre'deki ilk yerini 24 Mayıs 1813'te aldı. 24 травня 1813 року він вперше зайняв своє місце в Конгресі. He was then thirty-one years old. Був йому тоді тридцять один рік.

In that same Congress there were two other young men who afterwards made their names famous in the history of their country. Aynı Kongre'de, daha sonra ülkelerinin tarihinde adlarını duyuran iki genç adam daha vardı. У тому самому Конгресі було ще двоє молодих людей, які згодом прославили свої імена в історії своєї країни. 在同一届国会中,还有另外两名年轻人,他们后来在本国历史上名声大噪。 One was Henry Clay, of Kentucky. Biri Kentucky'den Henry Clay'di. 其中之一是来自肯塔基州的亨利·克莱。 The other was John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina. Diğeri ise Güney Carolina'dan John C. Calhoun'du. 另一位是南卡罗来纳州的约翰·C·卡尔霍恩 (John C. Calhoun)。 Both were a little older than Webster; both had already made some mark in public life; and both were in favor of the war. Her ikisi de Webster'dan biraz daha yaşlıydı; her ikisi de kamu hayatında bir iz bırakmıştı ve her ikisi de savaştan yanaydı. Обидва були трохи старші за Вебстера; обидва вже зробили певний слід у суспільному житті; і обидва були за війну. 两人都比韦伯斯特年长一些。两人都已经在公共生活中留下了一些印记;两人都赞成战争。

During his first year in Congress, Mr. Webster made some stirring speeches in support of his own opinions. Kongre'deki ilk yılında Bay Webster kendi görüşlerini destekleyen bazı heyecan verici konuşmalar yaptı. Під час свого першого року в Конгресі містер Вебстер зробив кілька хвилюючих промов на підтримку власних думок. 在国会的第一年,韦伯斯特先生发表了一些激动人心的演讲来支持自己的观点。 In this way, as well by his skill in debate, he made himself known as a young man of more than common ability and promise. Bu şekilde ve münazaradaki becerisiyle, sıradan bir yetenekten daha fazlasına sahip ve gelecek vaat eden genç bir adam olarak tanındı. Таким чином, а також завдяки своїй майстерності в дебатах, він показав себе як молоду людину з більш ніж звичайними здібностями та перспективами. 通过这种方式,以及他的辩论技巧,他使自己成为一个具有超常能力和前途的年轻人。

Chief Justice Marshall, who was then at the head of the Supreme Court of the United States, said of him: "I have never seen a man of whose intellect I had a higher opinion." O zamanlar Birleşik Devletler Yüksek Mahkemesi'nin başında bulunan Baş Yargıç Marshall onun hakkında şöyle demiştir: "Zekası hakkında daha fazla fikir sahibi olduğum bir adam görmedim." Головний суддя Маршалл, який тоді очолював Верховний суд Сполучених Штатів, сказав про нього: «Я ніколи не бачив людини, про інтелект якої я мав вищу думку». 时任美国最高法院院长的首席大法官马歇尔这样评价他:“我从未见过一个人的智力比他高。” In 1814, the war that had been going on so long came to an end. 1814 yılında, uzun süredir devam eden savaş sona erdi. У 1814 році війна, яка тривала так довго, завершилася. 1814年,持续已久的战争结束了。 But now there were other subjects which claimed Mr. Webster's attention in Congress. Ancak şimdi Kongre'de Bay Webster'ın dikkatini çeken başka konular vardı. Але тепер були інші теми, які привернули увагу пана Вебстера в Конгресі. 但现在还有其他话题引起了韦伯斯特先生在国会的关注。 Then, as now, there were important questions regarding the money of the nation; and upon these questions there was great difference of opinion. O zaman da, şimdi olduğu gibi, ulusun parasıyla ilgili önemli sorular vardı; ve bu sorular üzerinde büyük görüş ayrılıkları vardı. Тоді, як і зараз, були важливі питання щодо грошей нації; і щодо цих питань була велика розбіжність у думках. 当时和现在一样,存在着有关国家货币的重要问题;在这些问题上,意见分歧很大。 Daniel Webster's speeches, in favor of a sound currency, did much to maintain the national credit and to save the country from bankruptcy. Daniel Webster'ın sağlam bir para birimi lehine yaptığı konuşmalar, ulusal krediyi korumak ve ülkeyi iflastan kurtarmak için çok şey yaptı. Промови Деніела Вебстера на користь здорової валюти зробили багато для підтримки національного кредиту та врятували країну від банкрутства. 丹尼尔·韦伯斯特(Daniel Webster)的演讲支持健全的货币,这对维护国家信用和使国家免于破产起了很大作用。 The people of New Hampshire were so well pleased with the record which he made in Congress that, when his first term expired, they re-elected him for a second. New Hampshire halkı onun Kongre'deki başarılarından o kadar memnun kaldı ki, ilk dönemi sona erdiğinde onu ikinci bir dönem için yeniden seçti. Люди Нью-Гемпшира були настільки задоволені результатами, які він зробив у Конгресі, що, коли закінчився його перший термін, вони переобрали його на другий. 新罕布什尔州人民对他在国会取得的成绩非常满意,当他的第一个任期届满时,他们再次选举他连任。