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Four Great Americans: Washington, Franklin, Webster, Lincoln. A Book for Young Americans by James Baldwin, THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. V.—HOW FRANKLIN EDUCATED HIMSELF.

THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. V.—HOW FRANKLIN EDUCATED HIMSELF.

When Benjamin Franklin was a boy there were no books for children. Yet he spent most of his spare time in reading.

His father's books were not easy to understand. People nowadays would think them very dull and heavy.

But before he was twelve years old, Benjamin had read the most of them. He read everything that he could get.

After he went to work for his brother he found it easier to obtain good books. Often he would borrow a book in the evening, and then sit up nearly all night reading it so as to return it in the morning.

When the owners of books found that he always returned them soon and clean, they were very willing to lend him whatever he wished.

He was about fourteen years of age when he began to study how to write clearly and correctly. He afterwards told how he did this. He said:

"About this time I met with an odd volume of the Spectator . I had never before seen any of them.

"I bought it, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it. "I thought the writing excellent, and wished if possible to imitate it. "With that view, I took some of the papers, and making short hints of the sentiments in each sentence, laid them by a few days, and then, without looking at the book, tried to complete the papers again, by expressing each hinted sentiment at length and as fully as it had been expressed before, in any suitable words that should occur to me. "Then I compared my Spectator with the original, discovered some of my faults and corrected them. "But I found that I wanted a stock of words, or a readiness in recollecting and using them. "Therefore, I took some of the tales in the Spectator and turned them into verse; and, after a time, when I had pretty well forgotten the prose, turned them back again." About this time his brother began to publish a newspaper.

It was the fourth newspaper published in America, and was called the New England Courant .

People said that it was a foolish undertaking. They said that one newspaper was enough for this country, and that there would be but little demand for more.

In those days editors did not dare to write freely about public affairs. It was dangerous to criticise men who were in power.

James Franklin published something in the New England Courant about the lawmakers of Massachusetts. It made the lawmakers very angry. They caused James Franklin to be shut up in prison for a month, and they ordered that he should no longer print the newspaper called the New England Courant .

But, in spite of this order, the newspaper was printed every week as before. It was printed, however, in the name of Benjamin Franklin. For several years it bore his name as editor and publisher.


THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. V.—HOW FRANKLIN EDUCATED HIMSELF. DIE GESCHICHTE VON BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. V. - WIE FRANKLIN SICH SELBST ERZOGEN HAT. LA HISTORIA DE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. V.-CÓMO SE EDUCÓ FRANKLIN A SÍ MISMO. LA STORIA DI BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. V.-COME FRANKLIN SI È EDUCATO. ベンジャミン・フランクリンの物語V.- フランクリンはいかにして自らを教育したか。 HISTORIA BENJAMINA FRANKLINA. V.- JAK FRANKLIN SIĘ WYKSZTAŁCIŁ. ИСТОРИЯ БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА. V.- КАК ФРАНКЛИН ПОЛУЧИЛ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'İN HİKAYESİ. V.- FRANKLIN KENDİNİ NASIL YETİŞTİRDİ. 本杰明·富兰克林的故事。 V.——富兰克林如何自我教育。

When Benjamin Franklin was a boy there were no books for children. Yet he spent most of his spare time in reading. No entanto, passava a maior parte do seu tempo livre a ler.

His father's books were not easy to understand. Книги його батька було непросто зрозуміти. People nowadays would think them very dull and heavy. Heutzutage würde man sie für sehr langweilig und schwer halten. Hoje em dia, as pessoas acham-nas muito aborrecidas e pesadas. Сучасні люди вважали б їх дуже нудними та важкими. 现在的人会觉得它们很沉闷、很沉重。

But before he was twelve years old, Benjamin had read the most of them. Mas antes dos doze anos de idade, Benjamin já tinha lido a maioria deles. He read everything that he could get. Він читав усе, що міг дістати.

After he went to work for his brother he found it easier to obtain good books. Depois de ter ido trabalhar para o seu irmão, foi-lhe mais fácil obter bons livros. Після того, як він пішов працювати до свого брата, йому стало легше діставати хороші книги. Often he would borrow a book in the evening, and then sit up nearly all night reading it so as to return it in the morning. Muitas vezes, pedia um livro emprestado à noite e passava quase toda a noite a lê-lo para o devolver de manhã. Часто він позичав книжку ввечері, а потім сидів майже всю ніч, читаючи її, щоб повернути вранці. 他常常会在晚上借一本书,然后几乎整夜地坐着读,以便在早上归还。

When the owners of books found that he always returned them soon and clean, they were very willing to lend him whatever he wished. Quando os donos dos livros descobriram que ele os devolvia sempre depressa e limpos, ficaram muito dispostos a emprestar-lhe o que ele quisesse. Коли власники книг виявили, що він завжди повертав їх незабаром і чистими, вони дуже охоче позичали йому все, що він бажав. 当书主们发现他总是把书归还得很快而且干净时,他们很愿意借给他任何他想要的东西。

He was about fourteen years of age when he began to study how to write clearly and correctly. Tinha cerca de catorze anos quando começou a estudar a escrita clara e correcta. Йому було близько чотирнадцяти років, коли він почав вчитися писати чітко і правильно. He afterwards told how he did this. Mais tarde, contou como o fez. Згодом він розповів, як це зробив. He said:

"About this time I met with an odd volume of the  Spectator . "Ungefähr zu dieser Zeit stieß ich auf eine merkwürdige Ausgabe des Spectator. "Por esta altura, encontrei um estranho volume do Spectator . «Приблизно в цей час я зустрівся з дивним томом Spectator. “大约在这个时候,我遇到了一本奇怪的《旁观者》卷。 I had never before seen any of them. Nunca tinha visto nenhum deles. Я ніколи раніше не бачив жодного з них.

"I bought it, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it. "Comprei-o, li-o vezes sem conta e fiquei muito satisfeito com ele. «Я купив його, перечитав знову і знову і був дуже задоволений. “我买了它,读了一遍又一遍,非常满意。 "I thought the writing excellent, and wished if possible to imitate it. "Achei a escrita excelente e gostaria, se possível, de a imitar. «Я вважав написане чудовим, і хотів, якщо можливо, наслідувати його. “我认为这篇文章写得非常好,如果可以的话,我希望能模仿一下。 "With that view, I took some of the papers, and making short hints of the sentiments in each sentence, laid them by a few days, and then, without looking at the book, tried to complete the papers again, by expressing each hinted sentiment at length and as fully as it had been expressed before, in any suitable words that should occur to me. "In diesem Sinne nahm ich einige der Papiere und machte kurze Andeutungen der Gefühle in jedem Satz, legte sie einige Tage beiseite und versuchte dann, ohne einen Blick in das Buch zu werfen, die Papiere wieder zu vervollständigen, indem ich jedes angedeutete Gefühl so ausführlich und vollständig ausdrückte, wie es zuvor ausgedrückt worden war, in allen geeigneten Worten, die mir einfielen. "Com esse objetivo, peguei em alguns dos papéis e, fazendo pequenas sugestões sobre os sentimentos de cada frase, deixei-os em suspenso durante alguns dias e, depois, sem olhar para o livro, tentei completar novamente os papéis, exprimindo cada sentimento sugerido de forma longa e tão completa como tinha sido expresso antes, com quaisquer palavras adequadas que me ocorressem. «С этой целью я взял несколько бумаг и, делая краткие намеки на чувства в каждой фразе, отложил их на несколько дней, а затем, не глядя в книгу, попытался снова заполнить бумаги, выражая каждый намек. чувства подробно и так полно, как это было выражено прежде, любыми подходящими словами, которые пришли мне в голову. «З таким поглядом я взяв кілька паперів і зробив короткі натяки на почуття в кожному реченні, відклав їх на кілька днів, а потім, не дивлячись на книгу, спробував знову завершити документи, висловлюючи кожен натяк висловив свої почуття довго й так повно, як це було висловлено раніше, будь-якими відповідними словами, які мені спадають на думку. “带着这种观点,我拿了一些试卷,对每句话中的情感做了简短的暗示,把它们搁置了几天,然后,不看书,试图再次完成试卷,表达每一个暗示的内容。像以前一样,用我能想到的任何合适的词语来详细而充分地表达情感。 "Then I compared my  Spectator with the original, discovered some of my faults and corrected them. "Потім я порівняв свій Spectator з оригіналом, виявив деякі свої помилки і виправив їх. “然后我将我的《观众》与原版进行了比较,发现了一些错误并纠正了它们。 "But I found that I wanted a stock of words, or a readiness in recollecting and using them. "Mas descobri que precisava de um stock de palavras, ou de uma prontidão para as recordar e utilizar. «Але я виявив, що мені потрібен запас слів або готовність пригадувати й використовувати їх. “但我发现我需要一些词汇,或者准备好回忆和使用它们。 "Therefore, I took some of the tales in the  Spectator and turned them into verse; and, after a time, when I had pretty well forgotten the prose, turned them back again." "Por isso, peguei em alguns dos contos do Spectator e transformei-os em verso; e, passado algum tempo, quando já tinha esquecido bastante a prosa, voltei a transformá-los." «Тому я взяв деякі з казок у Spectator і перетворив їх на вірші; а через деякий час, коли я вже добре забув прозу, повернув їх знову». “因此,我把《旁观者》中的一些故事写成诗;过了一段时间,当我已经完全忘记了散文时,我又把它们写回来。” About this time his brother began to publish a newspaper. Por esta altura, o seu irmão começou a publicar um jornal.

It was the fourth newspaper published in America, and was called the  New England Courant . Foi o quarto jornal publicado na América, e chamava-se New England Courant . Це була четверта газета, видана в Америці, і називалася New England Courant.

People said that it was a foolish undertaking. As pessoas diziam que se tratava de um empreendimento insensato. Люди казали, що це дурний захід. They said that one newspaper was enough for this country, and that there would be but little demand for more. Diziam que um jornal era suficiente para este país e que não haveria grande procura de mais. Вони сказали, що для цієї країни достатньо однієї газети, а на інші буде мало попиту. 他们说,对于这个国家来说,一份报纸就足够了,而且几乎不需要更多。

In those days editors did not dare to write freely about public affairs. Nessa altura, os editores não se atreviam a escrever livremente sobre assuntos públicos. У ті часи редактори не наважувалися вільно писати про суспільні справи. 那时的编辑不敢自由地写公共事务。 It was dangerous to criticise men who were in power. Era perigoso criticar os homens que estavam no poder. Критикувати людей, які були при владі, було небезпечно. 批评当权者是危险的。

James Franklin published something in the  New England Courant about the lawmakers of Massachusetts. James Franklin publicou algo no New England Courant sobre os legisladores de Massachusetts. 詹姆斯·富兰克林在《新英格兰报》上发表了一些关于马萨诸塞州立法者的文章。 It made the lawmakers very angry. Isso deixou os legisladores muito zangados. Це дуже розлютило законодавців. They caused James Franklin to be shut up in prison for a month, and they ordered that he should no longer print the newspaper called the  New England Courant . Mandaram encerrar James Franklin na prisão durante um mês e ordenaram-lhe que deixasse de imprimir o jornal chamado New England Courant . Вони змусили Джеймса Франкліна посадити у в'язницю на місяць і наказали, щоб він більше не друкував газету під назвою New England Courant. 他们将詹姆斯·富兰克林关进监狱一个月,并命令他不再印刷名为《新英格兰新闻报》的报纸。

But, in spite of this order, the newspaper was printed every week as before. Mas, apesar desta ordem, o jornal foi impresso todas as semanas como anteriormente. Але, незважаючи на цей наказ, газета, як і раніше, друкувалася щотижня. 但是,尽管有这样的命令,报纸还是像以前一样每周印刷一次。 It was printed, however, in the name of Benjamin Franklin. Foi, no entanto, impressa em nome de Benjamin Franklin. Однак вона була надрукована від імені Бенджаміна Франкліна. 然而,它是以本杰明·富兰克林的名义印刷的。 For several years it bore his name as editor and publisher. Durante vários anos, teve o seu nome como diretor e editor. Кілька років вона носила його ім'я як редактора і видавця. 多年来,这本书都以他的名字命名,担任编辑和出版商。