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Four Great Americans: Washington, Franklin, Webster, Lincoln. A Book for Young Americans by James Baldwin, THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.—THE WHISTLE.

THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.—THE WHISTLE.

TO THE YOUNG READER

I am about to tell you the story of a very great and noble man. It is the story of one whom all the world honors—of one whose name will forever be remembered with admiration. Benjamin Franklin was not born to greatness. He had none of the advantages which even the poorest boys may now enjoy. But he achieved greatness by always making the best use of such opportunities as came in his way. He was not afraid of work. He did not give up to discouragements. He did not overestimate his own abilities. He was earnest and faithful in little things; and that, after all, is the surest way of attaining to great things. There is no man to whom we Americans owe a greater debt of gratitude. Without his aid the American colonies would hardly have won independence. It was said of him that he knew how to subdue both thunder and tyranny; and a famous orator who knew him well, described him as "the genius that gave freedom to America and shed torrents of light upon Europe." But, at the close of a very long life, the thing which gave him the greatest satisfaction was the fact that he had made no man his enemy; there was no human being who could justly say, "Ben Franklin has wronged me." * * * * *

Nearly two hundred years ago, there lived in Boston a little boy whose name was Benjamin Franklin.

On the day that he was seven years old, his mother gave him a few pennies.

He looked at the bright, yellow pieces and said, "What shall I do with these coppers, mother?" It was the first money that he had ever had.

"You may buy something with them, if you would like," said his mother. "And will you give me more when they are gone?" he asked.

His mother shook her head and said: "No, Benjamin. I cannot give you any more. So you must be careful not to spend them foolishly." The little fellow ran out into the street. He heard the pennies jingle in his pocket as he ran. He felt as though he was very rich.

Boston was at that time only a small town, and there were not many stores. As Benjamin ran down toward the busy part of the street, he wondered what he should buy.

Should he buy candy or toys? It had been a long time since he had tasted candy. As for toys, he hardly knew what they were.

If he had been the only child in the family, things might have been different. But there were fourteen boys and girls older than he, and two little sisters that were younger.

It was as much as his father could do to earn food and clothing for so many. There was no money to spend for toys.

Before Benjamin had gone very far he met a boy blowing a whistle.

"That is just the thing that I want," he said. Then he hurried on to the store where all kinds of things were kept for sale.

"Have you any good whistles?" he asked.

He was out of breath from running, but he tried hard to speak like a man.

"Yes, plenty of them," said the man. "Well, I want one, and I'll give you all the money I have for it," said the little fellow. He forgot to ask the price.

"How much money have you?" asked the man.

Benjamin took the coppers from his pocket. The man counted them and said, "All right, my boy. It's a bargain." Then he put the pennies into his money drawer, and gave one of the whistles to the boy.

Benjamin Franklin was a proud and happy boy. He ran home as fast as he could, blowing his whistle as he ran.

His mother met him at the door and said, "Well, my child, what did you do with your pennies?" "I bought a whistle!" he cried. "Just hear me blow it!" "How much did you pay for it?" "All the money I had." One of his brothers was standing by and asked to see the whistle. "Well, well!" he said, "did you spend all of your money for this thing?" "Every penny," said Benjamin. "Did you ask the price?" "No. But I offered them to the man, and he said it was all right." His brother laughed and said, "You are a very foolish fellow. You paid four times as much as it is worth." "Yes," said his mother, "I think it is rather a dear whistle. You had enough money to buy a whistle and some candy, too." The little boy saw what a mistake he had made. The whistle did not please him any more. He threw it upon the floor, and began to cry. But his mother took him upon her lap and said:

"Never mind, my child. We must all live and learn; and I think that my little boy will be careful, after this, not to pay too dear for his whistles."

THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.—THE WHISTLE. DIE GESCHICHTE VON BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.-DIE PFEIFE. THE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.—THE WHISTLE. LA HISTORIA DE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.-EL SILBATO. L'HISTOIRE DE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.- LE SIFFLET. LA STORIA DI BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. I.-IL FISCHIO. ベンジャミン・フランクリンの物語I. - 笛 ИСТОРИЯ БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА. I.- СВИСТОК. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'İN HİKAYESİ. I.-DÜDÜK. ІСТОРІЯ БЕНДЖАМІНА ФРАНКЛІНА. І.—СВИСТ. 本杰明-富兰克林的故事一、哨子 本傑明·富蘭克林的故事。 I.——口哨聲。

TO THE YOUNG READER 若い読者へ

I am about to tell you the story of a very great and noble man. とても偉大で高貴な男の話をしようとしています。 Size çok büyük ve asil bir adamın hikâyesini anlatacağım. Я збираюся розповісти вам історію дуже великої і благородної людини. 我要告诉你们一个非常伟大和高尚的人的故事。 It is the story of one whom all the world honors—of one whose name will forever be remembered with admiration. それは、世界中が尊敬する人物の物語であり、その名前は永遠に賞賛とともに記憶されるだろう. Bu, tüm dünyanın onurlandırdığı, adı sonsuza dek hayranlıkla anılacak birinin öyküsüdür. Це історія про людину, яку шанує весь світ, про людину, чиє ім’я назавжди запам’ятається із захопленням. 这是一个受到全世界尊敬的人的故事——一个他的名字将永远被人们钦佩地铭记的故事。 Benjamin Franklin was not born to greatness. ベンジャミン・フランクリンは偉大な人として生まれてきたわけではありません。 Benjamin Franklin büyüklük için doğmadı. 本杰明·富兰克林并非生来就伟大。 He had none of the advantages which even the poorest boys may now enjoy. 彼には、最も貧しい少年たちでさえ今享受できる利点は何もありませんでした。 Não tinha nenhuma das vantagens de que até os rapazes mais pobres podem atualmente usufruir. Şu anda en fakir çocukların bile yararlanabildiği avantajlardan hiçbirine sahip değildi. Він не мав жодної переваги, якою зараз можуть користуватися навіть найбідніші хлопці. 即使是最贫穷的男孩现在也可能享有的优势,他都没有。 But he achieved greatness by always making the best use of such opportunities as came in his way. しかし、彼は、自分の邪魔になる機会を常に最大限に活用することで、偉大さを達成しました。 Mas alcançou a grandeza aproveitando sempre da melhor forma as oportunidades que surgiram no seu caminho. Ancak önüne çıkan fırsatları her zaman en iyi şekilde değerlendirerek büyük başarılara imza attı. Але він досяг величі, завжди найкраще використовуючи можливості, які траплялися на його шляху. 但他总是通过最好地利用遇到的这些机会而取得了伟大的成就。 He was not afraid of work. Çalışmaktan korkmazdı. Роботи не боявся. 他不怕工作。 He did not give up to discouragements. Não se rende ao desânimo. Cesareti kırılsa da pes etmedi. Він не піддавався зневірам. 他没有因挫折而放弃。 He did not overestimate his own abilities. Não sobrestimava as suas próprias capacidades. Kendi yeteneklerini abartmadı. Він не переоцінював власні здібності. 他并没有高估自己的能力。 He was earnest and faithful in little things; and that, after all, is the surest way of attaining to great things. Ele era sério e fiel nas pequenas coisas; e isso, afinal, é o caminho mais seguro para se chegar às grandes coisas. Küçük şeylerde ciddi ve sadıktı; ve bu, her şeyden önce, büyük şeylere ulaşmanın en emin yoludur. Він був серйозним і вірним у малому; і це, зрештою, найвірніший спосіб досягти великих речей. 他在小事上认真而忠实;毕竟,这是实现伟大目标的最可靠方法。 There is no man to whom we Americans owe a greater debt of gratitude. Não há nenhum homem a quem nós, americanos, tenhamos uma maior dívida de gratidão. Biz Amerikalıların daha fazla minnet borçlu olduğu başka bir kişi yoktur. Немає людини, якій би ми, американці, були в боргу більшої вдячності. 没有人比我们美国人更感激他了。 Without his aid the American colonies would hardly have won independence. Sem a sua ajuda, as colónias americanas dificilmente teriam conquistado a independência. Onun yardımı olmasaydı Amerikan kolonileri bağımsızlıklarını zor kazanırdı. Без його допомоги американські колонії навряд чи здобули б незалежність. It was said of him that he knew how to subdue both thunder and tyranny; and a famous orator who knew him well, described him as "the genius that gave freedom to America and shed torrents of light upon Europe." Ein berühmter Redner, der ihn gut kannte, bezeichnete ihn als "das Genie, das Amerika die Freiheit schenkte und Europa mit Licht überflutete", und man sagte von ihm, dass er sowohl den Donner als auch die Tyrannei zu bändigen wusste. Dizia-se dele que sabia como subjugar tanto o trovão como a tirania; e um famoso orador que o conhecia bem, descreveu-o como "o génio que deu liberdade à América e derramou torrentes de luz sobre a Europa". Onun hakkında hem gök gürültüsünü hem de zorbalığı nasıl bastıracağını bildiği söylenirdi; ve onu iyi tanıyan ünlü bir hatip onu "Amerika'ya özgürlük veren ve Avrupa'ya ışık saçan deha" olarak tanımladı. Про нього казали, що він умів приборкати і грім, і тиранію; і відомий оратор, який добре знав його, описав його як «генія, який дав свободу Америці та пролив потоки світла на Європу». 据说他知道如何制服雷霆和暴政。一位熟悉他的著名演说家形容他是“给美国带来自由并为欧洲带来光明的天才”。 But, at the close of a very long life, the thing which gave him the greatest satisfaction was the fact that he had made no man his enemy; there was no human being who could justly say, "Ben Franklin has wronged me." Mas, no final de uma vida muito longa, o que lhe dava maior satisfação era o facto de não ter feito de nenhum homem seu inimigo; não havia nenhum ser humano que pudesse dizer com justiça: "Ben Franklin prejudicou-me". Ancak, çok uzun bir yaşamın sonunda, ona en büyük memnuniyeti veren şey, hiç kimseyi düşmanı yapmamış olmasıydı; haklı olarak "Ben Franklin bana haksızlık etti" diyebilecek hiçbir insan yoktu. Але наприкінці дуже довгого життя найбільше задоволення принесло йому те, що він жодної людини не зробив своїм ворогом; не було жодної людини, яка могла б справедливо сказати: «Бен Франклін образив мене». 但是,在他漫长的一生即将结束时,最让他感到满足的是,他没有与任何人为敌;他没有与任何人为敌。没有人可以公正地说:“本·富兰克林冤枉了我。” * * * * *

Nearly two hundred years ago, there lived in Boston a little boy whose name was Benjamin Franklin. Yaklaşık iki yüz yıl önce Boston'da adı Benjamin Franklin olan küçük bir çocuk yaşıyordu.

On the day that he was seven years old, his mother gave him a few pennies. No dia em que fez sete anos, a sua mãe deu-lhe alguns cêntimos. Yedi yaşına bastığı gün annesi ona birkaç kuruş verdi.

He looked at the bright, yellow pieces and said, "What shall I do with these coppers, mother?" Olhou para as peças amarelas e brilhantes e disse: "O que hei-de fazer com estas moedas de cobre, mãe?" Parlak, sarı parçalara baktı ve "Bu bakırları ne yapayım anne?" dedi. It was the first money that he had ever had. Era o primeiro dinheiro que ele tinha. Це були перші гроші, які він мав.

"You may buy something with them, if you would like," said his mother. "Podes comprar alguma coisa com eles, se quiseres", disse a mãe. "İstersen onlarla bir şeyler alabilirsin," dedi annesi. — Ти можеш у них щось купити, якщо хочеш, — сказала його мати. "And will you give me more when they are gone?" "E dar-me-ás mais quando eles se forem embora?" "Peki onlar gittiğinde bana daha fazlasını verecek misiniz?" — І ти даси мені ще, коли вони підуть? “等他们走了之后,你能给我更多吗?” he asked.

His mother shook her head and said: "No, Benjamin. Його мати похитала головою і сказала: «Ні, Бенджаміне. I cannot give you any more. So you must be careful not to spend them foolishly." Por isso, é preciso ter cuidado para não os gastar de forma insensata". Bu yüzden onları aptalca harcamamaya dikkat etmelisiniz." Тому ви повинні бути обережні, щоб не витратити їх безглуздо». The little fellow ran out into the street. O pequenote correu para a rua. Küçük adam sokağa doğru koştu. Малюк вибіг на вулицю. 小家伙跑到街上。 He heard the pennies jingle in his pocket as he ran. Він почув, як дзвонять пенні в його кишені, коли він біг. He felt as though he was very rich. Sentia-se como se fosse muito rico. Kendini çok zenginmiş gibi hissediyordu. Він відчував себе дуже багатим. 他感觉自己好像非常富有。

Boston was at that time only a small town, and there were not many stores. Boston o zamanlar sadece küçük bir kasabaydı ve çok fazla mağaza yoktu. У той час Бостон був невеликим містечком, і там було не так багато магазинів. As Benjamin ran down toward the busy part of the street, he wondered what he should buy. Enquanto Benjamin corria em direção à parte movimentada da rua, perguntava-se o que deveria comprar. Benjamin caddenin işlek kısmına doğru koşarken ne alması gerektiğini merak ediyordu. Коли Бенджамін біг до жвавої частини вулиці, він думав, що йому купити.

Should he buy candy or toys? Deve comprar doces ou brinquedos? It had been a long time since he had tasted candy. Há muito tempo que não provava um rebuçado. Şekeri tatmayalı uzun zaman olmuştu. Давно він не куштував цукерок. As for toys, he hardly knew what they were. Quanto aos brinquedos, mal sabia o que eram. Щодо іграшок, то він майже не знав, що це таке.

If he had been the only child in the family, things might have been different. Wäre er das einzige Kind in der Familie gewesen, wären die Dinge vielleicht anders gelaufen. Se ele fosse o único filho da família, as coisas poderiam ter sido diferentes. Ailenin tek çocuğu olsaydı, her şey farklı olabilirdi. Якби він був єдиною дитиною в сім'ї, все могло бути інакше. But there were fourteen boys and girls older than he, and two little sisters that were younger. Mas havia catorze rapazes e raparigas mais velhos do que ele e duas irmãs mais novas. Ama kendisinden büyük on dört erkek ve kız çocuk ile daha küçük iki kız kardeş vardı. Але старших за нього було чотирнадцять хлопчиків і дівчаток і дві молодші сестрички.

It was as much as his father could do to earn food and clothing for so many. Mehr konnte sein Vater nicht tun, um Nahrung und Kleidung für so viele Menschen zu verdienen. Era o máximo que o seu pai podia fazer para ganhar comida e roupa para tantos. Bu kadar çok kişiye yiyecek ve giyecek sağlamak için babasının yapabileceği tek şey buydu. Це було те, що його батько міг зробити, щоб заробити на їжу та одяг для багатьох. There was no money to spend for toys. Oyuncaklar için harcayacak paramız yoktu.

Before Benjamin had gone very far he met a boy blowing a whistle. Antes de Benjamin ter ido muito longe, encontrou um rapaz a soprar um apito. Benjamin çok uzaklaşmadan düdük çalan bir çocukla karşılaştı. Не зайшовши Бенджамін дуже далеко, він зустрів хлопчика, який свикав у свисток. 本杰明还没走多远,就遇到了一个吹口哨的男孩。

"That is just the thing that I want," he said. "É exatamente isso que eu quero", afirmou. "Bu tam da benim istediğim şey," dedi. «Це саме те, чого я хочу», — сказав він. Then he hurried on to the store where all kinds of things were kept for sale. Em seguida, dirige-se rapidamente para a loja onde se encontra todo o tipo de artigos para venda. Sonra aceleyle her türlü şeyin satıldığı dükkâna doğru ilerledi. Тоді він поспішив до крамниці, де продавалися всілякі речі. 然后他就快步来到了卖各种东西的商店。

"Have you any good whistles?" "Tens algum apito bom?" "İyi bir ıslığınız var mı?" — У вас є хороші свистки? he asked.

He was out of breath from running, but he tried hard to speak like a man. Estava sem fôlego por causa da corrida, mas esforçou-se por falar como um homem. Koşmaktan nefes nefese kalmıştı ama bir erkek gibi konuşmak için çok çabaladı. Він задихався від бігу, але щосили намагався говорити по-чоловічому. 他跑得气喘吁吁,但他努力像个男人一样说话。

"Yes, plenty of them," said the man. "Evet, bir sürü var," dedi adam. «Так, їх багато», — сказав чоловік. "Well, I want one, and I'll give you all the money I have for it," said the little fellow. "Bem, eu quero um e dou-te todo o dinheiro que tenho por ele", disse o rapazinho. "Ben de bir tane istiyorum ve bunun için sahip olduğum tüm parayı sana vereceğim," dedi küçük adam. “好吧,我想要一个,我会把我所有的钱都给你。”小家伙说。 He forgot to ask the price. Esqueceu-se de perguntar o preço. Fiyatını sormayı unuttu. Він забув запитати ціну.

"How much money have you?" "Ne kadar paran var?" asked the man. adama sordu.

Benjamin took the coppers from his pocket. Benjamin tirou as moedas do bolso. Benjamin cebinden bakırları çıkardı. Бенджамін дістав мідяки з кишені. The man counted them and said, "All right, my boy. O homem contou-os e disse: "Muito bem, meu rapaz. Adam onları saydı ve şöyle dedi: "Pekâlâ evlat. It's a bargain." É uma pechincha". Bu bir pazarlık." Це вигідна угода». 这是一笔划算的交易。” Then he put the pennies into his money drawer, and gave one of the whistles to the boy. Depois meteu os cêntimos na gaveta do dinheiro e deu um dos apitos ao rapaz. Sonra paraları para çekmecesine koydu ve düdüklerden birini çocuğa verdi. Тоді він поклав копійки в свою шухляду з грошима і дав один зі свистків хлопцеві. 然后他把硬币放进钱抽屉里,把其中一支口哨交给了男孩。

Benjamin Franklin was a proud and happy boy. Benjamin Franklin era um rapaz orgulhoso e feliz. Benjamin Franklin gururlu ve mutlu bir çocuktu. Бенджамін Франклін був гордим і щасливим хлопчиком. 本杰明·富兰克林是一个骄傲而快乐的男孩。 He ran home as fast as he could, blowing his whistle as he ran. Correu para casa o mais depressa que pôde, soprando o apito enquanto corria. Koşabildiği kadar hızlı eve koştu ve koşarken düdüğünü çaldı. Він побіг додому якнайшвидше, свистячи в свисток.

His mother met him at the door and said, "Well, my child, what did you do with your pennies?" A mãe encontrou-o à porta e perguntou-lhe: "Bem, meu filho, o que fizeste com os teus tostões?" Annesi onu kapıda karşıladı ve "Peki çocuğum, paralarını ne yaptın?" diye sordu. Мама зустріла його біля дверей і каже: «Ну, дитино, що ти зробив із своїми копійками?» "I bought a whistle!" "Comprei um apito!" he cried. exclamou. "Just hear me blow it!" "Ouve-me só a soprar!" "Sadece üflediğimi duy!" «Тільки почуй, як я підду!» “听我吹吧!” "How much did you pay for it?" "Quanto é que pagaste por ele?" "Bunun için ne kadar ödedin?" "All the money I had." "Todo o dinheiro que eu tinha." "Sahip olduğum tüm para." One of his brothers was standing by and asked to see the whistle. Um dos seus irmãos estava por perto e pediu para ver o apito. Kardeşlerinden biri oradaydı ve düdüğü görmek istedi. Один із його братів стояв поруч і попросив показати свисток. "Well, well!" "Vay, vay!" he said, "did you spend all of your money for this thing?" ele perguntou: "Gastaste todo o teu dinheiro nesta coisa?" "Bütün paranı bu şey için mi harcadın?" dedi. "Every penny," said Benjamin. "Até ao último cêntimo", disse Benjamin. "Her kuruşuna kadar," dedi Benjamin. — Кожен пенні, — сказав Бенджамін. "Did you ask the price?" "Perguntaste o preço?" "Fiyatını sordunuz mu?" "No. But I offered them to the man, and he said it was all right." Mas eu ofereci-as ao homem e ele disse que não havia problema". Ama onları adama teklif ettim ve o da sorun olmadığını söyledi." Але я запропонував їх чоловікові, і він сказав, що все гаразд». His brother laughed and said, "You are a very foolish fellow. O irmão riu-se e disse: "És muito tolo. Kardeşi güldü ve şöyle dedi: "Sen çok aptal bir adamsın. Його брат засміявся і сказав: «Ти дуже дурний хлопець. You paid four times as much as it is worth." Pagaste quatro vezes mais do que vale". Değerinin dört katı kadar para ödediniz." Ви заплатили в чотири рази більше, ніж це коштує». 你付出的代价是其价值的四倍。” "Yes," said his mother, "I think it is rather a dear whistle. "Sim", disse a mãe, "acho que é um assobio muito querido. «Да, — сказала его мать, — я думаю, что это довольно дорогой свисток. "Evet," dedi annesi, "bence çok güzel bir düdük. «Так, — сказала його мати, — я думаю, що це скоріше милий свисток. “是的,”他的母亲说,“我认为这是一首相当可爱的口哨。 You had enough money to buy a whistle and some candy, too." Tinhas dinheiro suficiente para comprar um apito e também alguns doces". Bir düdük ve biraz da şeker alacak kadar paran vardı." У вас вистачило грошей, щоб купити свисток і трохи цукерок». The little boy saw what a mistake he had made. O rapazinho viu o erro que tinha cometido. Küçük çocuk nasıl bir hata yaptığını gördü. Маленький хлопчик побачив, яку помилку зробив. 小男孩看到了自己犯了多么大的错误。 The whistle did not please him any more. O assobio já não lhe agradava. Düdük artık onu memnun etmiyordu. Свист його вже не радував. He threw it upon the floor, and began to cry. Atirou-a para o chão e começou a chorar. Onu yere fırlattı ve ağlamaya başladı. Він кинув його на підлогу і почав плакати. 他把它扔到地板上,然后开始哭泣。 But his mother took him upon her lap and said: Mas a mãe pegou-lhe ao colo e disse-lhe Ama annesi onu kucağına aldı ve şöyle dedi: Але мати взяла його на коліна і сказала: 但他的母亲把他抱在腿上,说道:

"Never mind, my child. "Não importa, minha filha. "Boş ver çocuğum. «Нічого, дитино моя. We must all live and learn; and I think that my little boy will be careful, after this, not to pay too dear for his whistles." Todos temos de viver e aprender; e acho que o meu filho vai ter cuidado, depois disto, para não pagar demasiado caro pelos seus apitos". Hepimiz yaşamalı ve öğrenmeliyiz; ve sanırım küçük oğlum bundan sonra ıslıklarına çok fazla para ödememek için dikkatli olacaktır." Ми всі повинні жити і вчитися; і я думаю, що мій маленький хлопчик після цього буде обережним, щоб не платити занадто дорого за свої свистки». 我们都必须活到老、学到老;我认为我的小男孩在这之后会小心,不要为他的口哨付出太大的代价。”