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TEDTalks, Cameron Sinclair – TED Prize wish: Open-source architecture to house the world (2006)

Cameron Sinclair – TED Prize wish: Open-source architecture to house the world (2006)

I'm going to take you on a journey very quickly. To explain the wish, I'm going to have to take you somewhere which many people haven't been, and that's around the world. When I was about 24 years old, Kate Store and myself started an organization to get architects and designers involved in humanitarian work. Not only about responding to natural disasters, but involved in systemic issues. We believed that where the resources and expertise are scarce, innovative, sustainable design can really make a difference in people's lives.

So this all began my -- I started my life as an architect, or training as an architect, and I was always interested in socially responsible design, and how you can really make an impact. But when I went to architectural school, it seemed that I was the black sheep in the family. Many architects seemed to think that when you design, you design a jewel, and it's a jewel that you try and crave for. Whereas I felt that when you design, you either improve or you create a detriment to the community in which you're designing in. So you're not just doing a building for the residents or for the people who are going to use it, but for the community as a whole.

And in 1999, we started by responding to the issue of the housing crisis for returning refugees in Kosovo and I didn't know what I was doing, like I say, mid-20s, and I'm the, I'm the Internet generation, so we started a website. We put a call out there, and to my surprise in a couple of months we had hundreds of entries from around the world. That led to a number of prototypes being built and really experimenting with some ideas. Two years later we started doing a project on developing mobile health clinics in sub-Saharan Africa, responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. That -- that led to 550 entries from 53 countries. We also have designers from around the world that participate. And we had an exhibit of work that followed that. 2004 was the tipping point for us. We started responding to natural disasters and getting involved in Iran and Bam, also following up on our work in Africa.

Working within the United States, most people look at poverty and they see the face of a foreigner, but go live -- I live in Bozeman, Montana -- go up to the north plains on the reservations, or go down to Alabama or Mississippi pre-Katrina, and I could have shown you places that have far worse conditions than many developing countries I've been to. So we got involved in and worked in inner cities and elsewhere.

And then also I will go into some more projects. 2005 Mother Nature kicked our arse. I think we can pretty much assume that 2005 was a horrific year when it comes to natural disasters. And because of the Internet, and because of connections to blogs and so forth, within literally hours of the tsunami, we were already raising funds, getting involved, working with people on the ground. We run from a couple of laptops in the first couple of days, I had 4,000 emails from people needing help. So we began to get involved in projects there, and I'll talk about some others. And then of course, this year we've been responding to Katrina, as well as following up on our reconstruction works.

This is a brief overview. In 2004, I really couldn't manage the number of people who wanted to help, or the number of requests that I was getting. It was all coming into my laptop and cell phone. So we decided to embrace an open -- basically an open source model of business, that anyone, anywhere in the world, could start a local chapter, and they can get involved in local problems. Because I believe there is no such thing as Utopia. All problems are local. All solutions are local. So, and that means, you know, somebody who is based in, in Mississippi, knows more about Mississippi than I do. So what happened is, we used MeetUp and all these other kind of Internet tools, and we ended up having 40 chapters starting up, thousands of architects in 104 countries. So the, the bullet point -- sorry, I never do a suit, so I knew that I was going to take this off. OK, because I'm going to do it very quick.

So in the past seven years, this isn't just about nonprofit. What it showed me is that there's a grassroots movement going on of socially responsible designers who really believe that this world has got a lot smaller, and that we have the opportunity -- not the responsibility, but the opportunity -- to really get involved in making change.

(Laughter)

I'm adding that to my time. So what you don't know is, we've got these thousands of designers working around the world, connected basically by a website, and we have a staff of three. By doing something, the fact that nobody told us we couldn't do it, we did it. And so there's something to be said about naivete. So seven years later, we've developed so that we've got advocacy, instigation and implementation. We advocate for good design, not only through student workshops and lectures and public forums, op-eds, we have a book on humanitarian work, but also disaster mitigation and dealing with public policy. We can talk about FEMA, but that's another talk. Instigation, developing ideas with communities and NGOs doing open-source design competitions. Referring, matchmaking with communities and then implementing -- actually going out there and doing the work, because when you invent, it's never a reality until it's built. So it's really important that if we're designing and trying to create change, we build that change.

So here's a select number of projects. Kosovo. This is Kosovo in '99. We did an open design competition, like I said. It led to a whole variety of ideas, and this wasn't about emergency shelter, but transitional shelter that would last five to 10 years, that would be placed next to the land the resident lived in, and that they would rebuild their own home. This wasn't imposing an architecture on a community, this was giving them the tools and, and the space to allow them to rebuild and regrow the way they want to. We have from the sublime to the ridiculous, but they worked. This is an inflatable hemp house. It was built; it works. This is a shipping container. Built and works. And a whole variety of ideas that not only dealt with architectural building, but also the issues of governance and the idea of creating communities through complex networks.

So we've engaged not just designers, but also, you know, a whole variety of technology-based professionals. Using rubble from destroyed homes to create new homes. Using strawbale construction, creating heat walls. And then something remarkable happened in '99. We went to Africa, originally to look at the housing issue. Within three days, we realized the problem was not housing; it was the growing pandemic of HIV/AIDS. And it wasn't doctors telling us this; it was actual villagers that we were staying with. And so we came up with the bright idea that instead of getting people to walk 10, 15 kilometers to see doctors, you get the doctors to the people. And we started engaging the the medical community. And I thought, you know, we thought we were real bright, you know, sparks -- we've come up with this great idea, mobile health clinics that can -- widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. And the community, the medical community there said, "We've said this for the last decade. We know this. We just don't know how to show this." So in a way, we had taken a pre-existing need and shown solutions. And so again, we had a whole variety of ideas that came in.

This one I personally love, because the idea that architecture is not just about solutions, but about raising awareness. This is a kenaf clinic. You get seed and you grow it in a plot of land, and then once -- and it grows 14 feet in a month. And on the fourth week, the doctors come and they mow out an area, put a tensile structure on the top and when the doctors have finished treating and seeing patients and villagers, you cut down the clinic and you eat it. It's an Eat Your Own Clinic.

(Laughter)

So it's dealing with the fact that if you have AIDS, you also need to have nutrition rates, and the idea that the idea of nutrition is as important as getting anti-retrovirals out there. So you know, this is a serious solution. This one I love. The idea is it's not just a clinic -- it's a community center. This looked at setting up trade routes and economic engines within the community, so it can be a self-sustaining project.

Every one of these projects is sustainable. That's not because I'm a tree-hugging green person. It's because when you live on four dollars a day, you're living on survival and you have to be sustainable. You have to know where your energy is coming from. You have to know where your resource is coming from. And you have to keep the maintenance down. So this is about getting an economic engine, and then at night it turns into a movie theater. So it's not an AIDS clinic. It's a community center. So you can see ideas. And these ideas developed into prototypes, and they were eventually built. And currently as of this year, there are clinics rolling out in Nigeria and Kenya.

From that we also developed Ceatemba*, which was a project -- the community came to us and said, the problem is that the girls don't have education. And we're working in an area where young women between the ages of 16 and 24 have a 50 percent HIV/AIDS rate. And that's not because they're promiscuous, it's because there's no knowledge. And so we decided to look at the idea of sports and create a youth sports center that doubled as an HIV/AIDS outreach center, and the coaches of the girls' team were also trained doctors. So that there would be a very slow way of developing kind of confidence in health care. And we picked nine finalists, and then those nine finalists were distributed throughout the entire region, and then the community picked their design. They said, this is our design, because it's not only about engaging a community, it's about empowering a community and about getting them to be a part of the rebuilding process.

So the winning design is here, and then of course, we actually go and work with the community and the clients. So this is the designer. He's out there working with the first ever women's soccer team in Kwa-Zulu Natal, Ceatemba, and they can tell it better.

Video: Well, my name is Sisi, because I work at the African center. I'm a consultant and I'm also the national football player for South Africa, Mandela Mandela. and I also play in the Vodacom League for the team called Bisa, which has now changed to Ceatemba. This is our home ground.

Cameron Sinclair: So I'm going to show that later because I'm running out of time. I can see Chris looking at me slyly.

This was a connection, just a meeting with somebody who wanted to develop Africa's first telemedicine center, in Tanzania. And we met, literally, a couple of months ago. We've already developed a design, and the team is over there, working in partnership. This was a matchmaking, thanks to a couple of TEDsters: [unclear] Cheryl Heller and Andrew Zolli, who connected me with this amazing African woman. And we start construction in June, and it will be opened by TEDGlobal. So when you come to TEDGlobal, you can check it out.

But what we're known probably most for is dealing with disasters and development, and we've been involved in a lot of issues, such as the tsunami and also things like Hurricane Katrina. This is a 370 dollar shelter that can be easily assembled. This is a community design. A community-designed community center. And what that means is we actually live and work with the community, and they're part of the design process. The kids actually get involved in mapping out where the the community center should be, and then eventually, the community is actually, through skills training, end up building the building with us.

Here is another school. This is what the U.N. gave these guys for six months -- 12 plastic tarps. This was in August. This was the replacement, and it's supposed to last for two years. When the rain comes down, you can't hear a thing, and in the summer it's about 140 degrees inside. So we said, if the rain's coming down, let's get fresh water. So every one of our schools have rain water collection systems, very low cost. A class, three classrooms and rainwater collection is five thousand dollars. This was raised by hot chocolate sales in Atlanta. It's built by the parents of the kids. The kids are out there on-site, building the buildings. And it opened a couple of weeks ago, and there's 600 kids that are now using the schools.

(Applause)

So, disaster hits home. We've see the bad stories on CNN and Fox and all that, but we don't see the good stories. Here is a community that got together and they said no to wait, to waiting. They formed a partnership, a diverse partnership of players to actually map out East Biloxi, to figure out who is getting involved. We've had 1,500 volunteers rebuilding, rehabbing homes. Figuring out what FEMA regulations are, not waiting for them to dictate to us how you should rebuild. Working with residents, getting out -- them out of their homes, so they don't get ill. This is what they're cleaning up on their own. Designing housing. This house is going to go in, in a couple of weeks. This is a rehabbed home, done in four days. This is a utility room for a woman who is on a walker. She's 70 years old. This is what FEMA gave her. 600 bucks, happened two days ago. We put together very quickly a washroom. It's built, it's running and she just started a business today, where she's washing other peoples clothes.

This is Shandra and the Calhouns. They're photographers who have documented the Lower Ninth for the last 40 years. That was their home, and these are the photographs they took. And we're helping, working with them to create a new building. Projects we've done. Projects we've been a part of, support. Why don't aid agencies do this? This is the U.N. tent. This is the new U.N. tent, just introduced this year. Quick to assemble. It's got a flap, that's the invention. It took 20 years to design this and get it implemented in the field. I was 12 years old. There's a problem here.

Luckily, we're not alone. There are hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of architects and designers and inventors around the world that are getting involved in humanitarian work. More hemp houses -- it's a theme in Japan apparently. I'm not sure what they're smoking. This is a grip clip designed by somebody who said, all you need is some way to attach membrane structures to physical support beams. This guy, designed for NASA -- is now doing housing. I'm going to whip through this quickly, because I know I've got only a couple of minutes.

So this is all done in the last two years. I showed you something that took 20 years to do. And this is just a selection of things that got happened in -- that were built in the last couple of years. From Brazil to India, Mexico, Alabama, China, Israel, Palestine, Vietnam. The average age of a designer who gets involved in this project is 32 -- that's how old I am. So it's a young -- I just have to stop here, because Arup is in the room and this is the best-designed toilet in the world. If you're ever, ever in India, go use this toilet.

(Laughter)

Chris Luebkeman will tell you why. I'm sure that's how he wanted to spend the party, but -- but the future is not going to be the sky-scraping cities of New York, but this. And when you look at this, you see crisis. What I see is many, many inventors. One billion people live in abject poverty. We hear about them all the time. Four billion live in growing but fragile economies. One in seven live in unplanned settlements. If we do nothing about the housing crisis that's about to happen, in 20 years, one in three people will live in an unplanned settlement or a refugee camp. Look left, look right: one of you will be there. How do we improve the living standards of five billion people? With 10 million solutions.

So I wish to develop a community that actively embraces innovative and sustainable design to improve the living conditions for everyone.

Chris Anderson: Wait a second. Wait a second. That's your wish?

CS: That's my wish.

CA: That's his wish!

(Applause)

We started Architecture for Humanity with 700 dollars and a website. So Chris somehow decided to give me 100,000 dollars. So why not this many people? Open-source architecture is the way to go. You have a diverse community of participants -- and we're not just talking about inventors and designers, but we're talking about the funding model. My role is not as a designer; it's a conduit between the design world and the humanitarian world. And what we need is something that replicates me globally, because I haven't slept in seven years.

(Laughter)

Secondly, what will this thing be? Designers want to respond to issues of humanitarian crisis, but they don't want some company in the West taking their idea and basically profiting from it. So Creative Commons has developed the developing nations license. And what that means that a designer can -- the Ceatemba project I showed was the first ever building to have a Creative Commons license on it. As soon as that is built, anyone in Africa or any developing nation can take the construction documents and replicate it for free.

(Applause)

So why not allow designers the opportunity to do this, but still protecting their rights, here? We want to have a community where you can upload ideas, and those ideas can be tested in earthquake, in flood, in all sorts of austere environments. The reason that's important is I don't want to wait for the next Katrina to find out if my house works. That's too late. We need to do it now. So doing that globally. And I want this whole thing to work multi-lingually. When you look at the face of an architect, most people think a gray-haired white guy. I don't see that. I see the face of the world. So I want everyone from all over the planet, to be able to be a part of this design and development. The idea of needs-based competitions -- X-Prize for the other 98 percent, if you want to call it that.

We also want to look at ways of matchmaking and putting funding partners together. And the idea of integrating manufacturers -- fab labs in every country. When I hear about the 100 dollar laptop and it's going to educate every child, educate every designer in the world. Put one in every favela, every slum settlement, because you know what, innovation will happen. And I need to know that. It's called the leap-back. We talk about leapfrog technologies. I write with Worldchanging, and the one thing we've been talking about is, I learn more on the ground than I've ever learned here. So let's take those ideas, adapt them and we can use them. These ideas are supposed to have adaptable, they're allowed to be -- they should have the potential for evolution, they should be developed by every nation on the world and useful for every nation on the world. What will it take?

There should be a sheet. I don't have time to read this, because I'm going to be yanked off.

CA: Just leave it up there for a sec.

CS: Well, what will it take? You guys are smart. So it's going to take a lot of computing power, because I want this to -- I want the idea that any laptop anywhere in the world can plug into the system and be able to not only participate in developing these designs, but utilize the designs. Also, a process of reviewing the designs. I want every Arup engineer in the world to check and make sure that we're doing stuff that's standing, because those guys are the best in the world. Plug.

And so you know, I want these -- and I just should note, I have two laptops and one of them there, is there and that has 3000 designs on it. If I drop that laptop, what happens? So it's important to have these proven ideas put up there, easy to use, easy to get ahold of. My mom once said, there's nothing worse than being all mouth and no trousers.

(Laughing)

I'm fed up of talking about making change. You only make it by doing it. We've changed FEMA guidelines. We've changed public policy. We've changed international response -- based on building things. So for me, it's important that we create a real conduit for innovation, and that it's free innovation. Think of free culture -- this is free innovation. Somebody said this a couple of years back. I will give points for those who know it, I think the man was maybe 25 years too early, so let's do it.

Thank you.

(Applause)

http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/lang/eng/cameron_sinclair_on_open_source_architecture.html


Cameron Sinclair – TED Prize wish: Open-source architecture to house the world (2006) Cameron Sinclair - TED-Preis-Wunsch: Open-Source-Architektur als Haus für die Welt (2006) Cameron Sinclair – TED Prize wish: Open-source architecture to house the world (2006) Cameron Sinclair - Deseo del Premio TED: Arquitectura de código abierto para albergar el mundo (2006) Cameron Sinclair - Prix TED : Une architecture open-source pour loger le monde (2006) Cameron Sinclair - Il desiderio del premio TED: Architettura open-source per ospitare il mondo (2006) Cameron Sinclair – TED Prize wish: 世界を収容するオープンソース アーキテクチャ (2006) 카메론 싱클레어 - TED 상 소원: 세계를 수용하는 오픈소스 아키텍처 (2006) Cameron Sinclair - TED premijos pageidavimas: Atvirojo kodo architektūra, kad pasaulis galėtų gyventi (2006 m.) Cameron Sinclair - Życzenie nagrody TED: Architektura open-source dla całego świata (2006) Cameron Sinclair - Desejo do Prémio TED: Arquitectura de código aberto para abrigar o mundo (2006) Кэмерон Синклер - Желание премии TED: Архитектура с открытым исходным кодом для создания дома для всего мира (2006) Cameron Sinclair - TED Ödülü dileği: Dünyayı barındırmak için açık kaynaklı mimari (2006) Кемерон Сінклер — бажання нагороди TED: архітектура з відкритим кодом, яка облаштує світ (2006) Cameron Sinclair – TED 获奖愿望:开源架构容纳世界(2006 年)

I’m going to take you on a journey very quickly. 急いで旅に出ます。 To explain the wish, I’m going to have to take you somewhere which many people haven’t been, and that’s around the world. 願いを説明するために、私はあなたを多くの人が行ったことのない場所に連れて行かなければなりません。それは世界中です. When I was about 24 years old, Kate Store and myself started an organization to get architects and designers involved in humanitarian work. 当我大约 24 岁的时候,凯特·斯托尔和我自己创办了一个组织,让建筑师和设计师参与人道主义工作。 Not only about responding to natural disasters, but involved in systemic issues. 不仅涉及应对自然灾害,还涉及系统性问题。 We believed that where the resources and expertise are scarce, innovative, sustainable design can really make a difference in people’s lives. Ми вірили, що там, де ресурсів і досвіду бракує, інноваційний екологічний дизайн справді може змінити життя людей. 我们相信,在资源和专业知识稀缺的地方,创新、可持续的设计确实可以改变人们的生活。

So this all began my -- I started my life as an architect, or training as an architect, and I was always interested in socially responsible design, and how you can really make an impact. Итак, все началось с того, что я начал свою жизнь как архитектор или учился на архитектора, и меня всегда интересовал социально ответственный дизайн и то, как вы можете оказать влияние. But when I went to architectural school, it seemed that I was the black sheep in the family. اما وقتی به مدرسه معماری رفتم ، به نظر می رسید که من گوسفند سیاه خانواده هستم. Many architects seemed to think that when you design, you design a jewel, and it’s a jewel that you try and crave for. Многие архитекторы, кажется, думали, что когда вы проектируете, вы создаете драгоценность, и это драгоценность, которую вы стремитесь и жаждете. Whereas I felt that when you design, you either improve or you create a detriment to the community in which you’re designing in. В то время как я чувствовал, что когда вы разрабатываете, вы либо улучшаете, либо создаете вред сообществу, в котором вы разрабатываете. Тоді як я вважав, що коли ти проектуєш, ти або покращуєш, або завдаєш шкоди спільноті, в якій ти проектуєш. So you’re not just doing a building for the residents or for the people who are going to use it, but for the community as a whole. Таким образом, вы делаете не только здание для жителей или людей, которые будут его использовать, но и для сообщества в целом.

And in 1999, we started by responding to the issue of the housing crisis for returning refugees in Kosovo and I didn’t know what I was doing, like I say, mid-20s, and I’m the, I’m the Internet generation, so we started a website. А в 1999 году мы начали с ответа на вопрос о жилищном кризисе для возвращающихся беженцев в Косово, и я не знал, что я делаю, как я уже говорил, в середине 20-х, и я, я Интернет поколение, поэтому мы запустили сайт. We put a call out there, and to my surprise in a couple of months we had hundreds of entries from around the world. Nous avons lancé un appel et, à ma grande surprise, en quelques mois, nous avons reçu des centaines de candidatures du monde entier. Мы позвонили туда, и, к моему удивлению, через пару месяцев у нас были сотни заявок со всего мира. Ми зателефонували туди, і, на мій подив, за пару місяців у нас були сотні записів з усього світу. That led to a number of prototypes being built and really experimenting with some ideas. Это привело к созданию ряда прототипов и по-настоящему экспериментировали с некоторыми идеями. Two years later we started doing a project on developing mobile health clinics in sub-Saharan Africa, responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. That -- that led to 550 entries from 53 countries. We also have designers from around the world that participate. And we had an exhibit of work that followed that. И у нас была выставка работ, которая последовала за этим. 2004 was the tipping point for us. We started responding to natural disasters and getting involved in Iran and Bam, also following up on our work in Africa. Мы начали реагировать на стихийные бедствия и вмешиваться в дела Ирана и Бама, а также следить за нашей работой в Африке. Ми почали реагувати на стихійні лиха та брати участь в Ірані та Бамі, а також продовжувати нашу роботу в Африці.

Working within the United States, most people look at poverty and they see the face of a foreigner, but go live -- I live in Bozeman, Montana -- go up to the north plains on the reservations, or go down to Alabama or Mississippi pre-Katrina, and I could have shown you places that have far worse conditions than many developing countries I’ve been to. Работая в Соединенных Штатах, большинство людей смотрят на бедность и видят лицо иностранца, но продолжают жить - я живу в Бозмане, штат Монтана, - отправляюсь на северные равнины в резервациях или спускаюсь в Алабаму или Миссисипи. до Катрины, и я мог бы показать вам места, где условия намного хуже, чем во многих развивающихся странах, в которых я был. So we got involved in and worked in inner cities and elsewhere. Таким образом, мы включились и работали во внутренних городах и в других местах.

And then also I will go into some more projects. А потом я также пойду в еще несколько проектов. 2005 Mother Nature kicked our arse. 2005 Мать-Природа надрала нам задницу. 2005 Мати-природа надерла нас дупи. I think we can pretty much assume that 2005 was a horrific year when it comes to natural disasters. Я думаю, что мы можем в значительной степени предположить, что 2005 год был ужасным, когда речь идет о стихийных бедствиях. And because of the Internet, and because of connections to blogs and so forth, within literally hours of the tsunami, we were already raising funds, getting involved, working with people on the ground. И из-за Интернета, и из-за связей с блогами и так далее, буквально за несколько часов после цунами мы уже собирали средства, включались в работу, работали с людьми на местах. We run from a couple of laptops in the first couple of days, I had 4,000 emails from people needing help. So we began to get involved in projects there, and I’ll talk about some others. And then of course, this year we’ve been responding to Katrina, as well as following up on our reconstruction works. И, конечно же, в этом году мы отвечаем на Катрину, а также продолжаем наши работы по реконструкции.

This is a brief overview. In 2004, I really couldn’t manage the number of people who wanted to help, or the number of requests that I was getting. It was all coming into my laptop and cell phone. So we decided to embrace an open -- basically an open source model of business, that anyone, anywhere in the world, could start a local chapter, and they can get involved in local problems. Поэтому мы решили использовать открытую - в основном модель бизнеса с открытым исходным кодом, чтобы любой человек в любой точке мира мог открыть местную главу и участвовать в решении местных проблем. Because I believe there is no such thing as Utopia. All problems are local. All solutions are local. So, and that means, you know, somebody who is based in, in Mississippi, knows more about Mississippi than I do. So what happened is, we used MeetUp and all these other kind of Internet tools, and we ended up having 40 chapters starting up, thousands of architects in 104 countries. Итак, что случилось, мы использовали MeetUp и все эти другие виды интернет-инструментов, и в итоге у нас было 40 глав, тысячи архитекторов из 104 стран. So the, the bullet point -- sorry, I never do a suit, so I knew that I was going to take this off. Итак, точка с надписью - извините, я никогда не надеваю костюм, поэтому я знал, что собираюсь снять это. Тож, пункт кулі - вибачте, я ніколи не ношу костюм, тому я знав, що збираюся його скинути. OK, because I’m going to do it very quick.

So in the past seven years, this isn’t just about nonprofit. Так что за последние семь лет это не только некоммерческая. What it showed me is that there’s a grassroots movement going on of socially responsible designers who really believe that this world has got a lot smaller, and that we have the opportunity -- not the responsibility, but the opportunity -- to really get involved in making change. Это показало мне, что происходит массовое движение социально ответственных дизайнеров, которые действительно верят, что этот мир стал намного меньше, и что у нас есть возможность - не ответственность, а возможность - по-настоящему участвовать в вносить изменения. Мені це показало, що існує низовий рух соціально відповідальних дизайнерів, які справді вірять, що цей світ став набагато меншим, і що у нас є можливість — не відповідальність, а можливість — дійсно брати участь у внесення змін.

(Laughter)

I’m adding that to my time. So what you don’t know is, we’ve got these thousands of designers working around the world, connected basically by a website, and we have a staff of three. By doing something, the fact that nobody told us we couldn’t do it, we did it. Делая что-то, тот факт, что никто не сказал нам, что мы не можем этого сделать, мы сделали это. And so there’s something to be said about naivete. А тому про наївність є що сказати. So seven years later, we’ve developed so that we’ve got advocacy, instigation and implementation. И вот, спустя семь лет, мы развились так, что у нас есть адвокация, инициатива и реализация. We advocate for good design, not only through student workshops and lectures and public forums, op-eds, we have a book on humanitarian work, but also disaster mitigation and dealing with public policy. We pleiten voor een goed ontwerp, niet alleen door middel van workshops en lezingen voor studenten en openbare fora, opiniestukken, we hebben een boek over humanitair werk, maar ook om rampen te beperken en om te gaan met openbaar beleid. Ми виступаємо за гарний дизайн не лише через студентські семінари, лекції та публічні форуми, статті, у нас є книжка про гуманітарну роботу, а й пом’якшення наслідків стихійних лих та вирішення питань державної політики. We can talk about FEMA, but that’s another talk. Instigation, developing ideas with communities and NGOs doing open-source design competitions. Referring, matchmaking with communities and then implementing -- actually going out there and doing the work, because when you invent, it’s never a reality until it’s built. Doorverwijzen, matchen met gemeenschappen en dan implementeren - echt erop uit gaan en het werk doen, want als je uitvindt, is het pas een realiteit als het is gebouwd. So it’s really important that if we’re designing and trying to create change, we build that change.

So here’s a select number of projects. Kosovo. This is Kosovo in '99. We did an open design competition, like I said. It led to a whole variety of ideas, and this wasn’t about emergency shelter, but transitional shelter that would last five to 10 years, that would be placed next to the land the resident lived in, and that they would rebuild their own home. Це призвело до цілої низки ідей, і це не стосувалося тимчасового притулку, а тимчасового притулку, який тривав би від п’яти до 10 років, який розмістили б поруч із землею, на якій проживав мешканець, і щоб вони відбудували свій власний дім . This wasn’t imposing an architecture on a community, this was giving them the tools and, and the space to allow them to rebuild and regrow the way they want to. Это не было навязыванием архитектуры сообществу, это было предоставление им инструментов и пространства, чтобы позволить им перестроиться и развиваться так, как они хотят. Це не було нав’язуванням архітектури громаді, це дало їм інструменти та простір, щоб дозволити їм перебудувати та відродити так, як вони хочуть. We have from the sublime to the ridiculous, but they worked. У нас від піднесеного до смішного, але вони спрацювали. This is an inflatable hemp house. Это надувной домик из конопли. Це надувний конопляний будинок. It was built; it works. This is a shipping container. Це транспортний контейнер. Built and works. And a whole variety of ideas that not only dealt with architectural building, but also the issues of governance and the idea of creating communities through complex networks.

So we’ve engaged not just designers, but also, you know, a whole variety of technology-based professionals. Using rubble from destroyed homes to create new homes. Використання уламків зі зруйнованих будинків для створення нових будинків. Using strawbale construction, creating heat walls. Використання солом'яної конструкції, створення теплових стін. And then something remarkable happened in '99. We went to Africa, originally to look at the housing issue. Within three days, we realized the problem was not housing; it was the growing pandemic of HIV/AIDS. And it wasn’t doctors telling us this; it was actual villagers that we were staying with. And so we came up with the bright idea that instead of getting people to walk 10, 15 kilometers to see doctors, you get the doctors to the people. And we started engaging the the medical community. І ми почали залучати медичну спільноту. And I thought, you know, we thought we were real bright, you know, sparks -- we’ve come up with this great idea, mobile health clinics that can -- widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. And the community, the medical community there said, "We’ve said this for the last decade. We know this. We just don’t know how to show this." So in a way, we had taken a pre-existing need and shown solutions. And so again, we had a whole variety of ideas that came in.

This one I personally love, because the idea that architecture is not just about solutions, but about raising awareness. This is a kenaf clinic. Dit is een kenafkliniek. Це клініка кенафу. You get seed and you grow it in a plot of land, and then once -- and it grows 14 feet in a month. And on the fourth week, the doctors come and they mow out an area, put a tensile structure on the top and when the doctors have finished treating and seeing patients and villagers, you cut down the clinic and you eat it. En in de vierde week komen de doktoren en ze maaien een gebied, zetten er een trekconstructie op en als de doktoren klaar zijn met het behandelen en zien van patiënten en dorpelingen, kapt u de kliniek om en eet u het op. І на четвертому тижні приходять лікарі, викошують ділянку, зверху ставлять натяжну конструкцію і коли лікарі закінчують лікувати, приймати пацієнтів і жителів села, ви рубаєте поліклініку і їсте її. It’s an Eat Your Own Clinic.

(Laughter)

So it’s dealing with the fact that if you have AIDS, you also need to have nutrition rates, and the idea that the idea of nutrition is as important as getting anti-retrovirals out there. Het heeft dus te maken met het feit dat als je aids hebt, je ook voedingswaarden nodig hebt, en het idee dat het idee van voeding net zo belangrijk is als het krijgen van antiretrovirale middelen. Отже, це має справу з тим фактом, що якщо у вас СНІД, вам також потрібно мати норми харчування, і ідея, що ідея харчування є такою ж важливою, як і отримання антиретровірусних препаратів. So you know, this is a serious solution. This one I love. The idea is it’s not just a clinic -- it’s a community center. This looked at setting up trade routes and economic engines within the community, so it can be a self-sustaining project. Це розглядало налагодження торговельних шляхів та економічних механізмів у громаді, тому це може бути самоокупним проектом.

Every one of these projects is sustainable. That’s not because I’m a tree-hugging green person. It’s because when you live on four dollars a day, you’re living on survival and you have to be sustainable. You have to know where your energy is coming from. You have to know where your resource is coming from. And you have to keep the maintenance down. So this is about getting an economic engine, and then at night it turns into a movie theater. So it’s not an AIDS clinic. It’s a community center. So you can see ideas. And these ideas developed into prototypes, and they were eventually built. And currently as of this year, there are clinics rolling out in Nigeria and Kenya.

From that we also developed Ceatemba*, which was a project -- the community came to us and said, the problem is that the girls don’t have education. З цього ми також розробили Ceatemba*, який був проектом -- спільнота прийшла до нас і сказала, що проблема в тому, що дівчата не мають освіти. And we’re working in an area where young women between the ages of 16 and 24 have a 50 percent HIV/AIDS rate. And that’s not because they’re promiscuous, it’s because there’s no knowledge. І це не тому, що вони безладні, а тому, що не мають знання. And so we decided to look at the idea of sports and create a youth sports center that doubled as an HIV/AIDS outreach center, and the coaches of the girls' team were also trained doctors. І тому ми вирішили поглянути на ідею спорту та створити молодіжний спортивний центр, який водночас був і аутріч-центром з ВІЛ/СНІДу, а тренери дівочої команди також були кваліфікованими лікарями. So that there would be a very slow way of developing kind of confidence in health care. And we picked nine finalists, and then those nine finalists were distributed throughout the entire region, and then the community picked their design. They said, this is our design, because it’s not only about engaging a community, it’s about empowering a community and about getting them to be a part of the rebuilding process. Вони сказали, що це наш проект, тому що мова йде не лише про залучення громади, це про розширення можливостей громади та про те, щоб вони стали частиною процесу відновлення.

So the winning design is here, and then of course, we actually go and work with the community and the clients. So this is the designer. He’s out there working with the first ever women’s soccer team in Kwa-Zulu Natal, Ceatemba, and they can tell it better.

Video: Well, my name is Sisi, because I work at the African center. I’m a consultant and I’m also the national football player for South Africa, Mandela Mandela. and I also play in the Vodacom League for the team called Bisa, which has now changed to Ceatemba. This is our home ground.

Cameron Sinclair: So I’m going to show that later because I’m running out of time. I can see Chris looking at me slyly. Я бачу, як Кріс хитро дивиться на мене.

This was a connection, just a meeting with somebody who wanted to develop Africa’s first telemedicine center, in Tanzania. And we met, literally, a couple of months ago. We’ve already developed a design, and the team is over there, working in partnership. This was a matchmaking, thanks to a couple of TEDsters: [unclear] Cheryl Heller and Andrew Zolli, who connected me with this amazing African woman. And we start construction in June, and it will be opened by TEDGlobal. So when you come to TEDGlobal, you can check it out. Поэтому, когда вы приходите в TEDGlobal, вы можете проверить это.

But what we’re known probably most for is dealing with disasters and development, and we’ve been involved in a lot of issues, such as the tsunami and also things like Hurricane Katrina. Но то, что мы, вероятно, знаем больше всего, это борьба со стихийными бедствиями и развитием, и мы были вовлечены во многие проблемы, такие как цунами, а также такие вещи, как ураган Катрина. This is a 370 dollar shelter that can be easily assembled. Это укрытие на 370 долларов, которое можно легко собрать. Це укриття вартістю 370 доларів, яке можна легко зібрати. This is a community design. A community-designed community center. And what that means is we actually live and work with the community, and they’re part of the design process. The kids actually get involved in mapping out where the the community center should be, and then eventually, the community is actually, through skills training, end up building the building with us. Дети на самом деле участвуют в планировании того, где должен быть общественный центр, а затем, в конечном итоге, сообщество, посредством обучения навыкам, в конечном итоге строит здание вместе с нами. Діти фактично беруть участь у плануванні того, де має бути громадський центр, і тоді, зрештою, спільнота насправді, завдяки навчанню навичкам, будує будівлю разом з нами.

Here is another school. This is what the U.N. gave these guys for six months -- 12 plastic tarps. дали цим хлопцям на шість місяців -- 12 пластикових брезентів. This was in August. This was the replacement, and it’s supposed to last for two years. When the rain comes down, you can’t hear a thing, and in the summer it’s about 140 degrees inside. So we said, if the rain’s coming down, let’s get fresh water. So every one of our schools have rain water collection systems, very low cost. A class, three classrooms and rainwater collection is five thousand dollars. This was raised by hot chocolate sales in Atlanta. Это было вызвано продажей горячего шоколада в Атланте. It’s built by the parents of the kids. The kids are out there on-site, building the buildings. And it opened a couple of weeks ago, and there’s 600 kids that are now using the schools.

(Applause)

So, disaster hits home. Отже, лихо потрапляє додому. We’ve see the bad stories on CNN and Fox and all that, but we don’t see the good stories. Here is a community that got together and they said no to wait, to waiting. They formed a partnership, a diverse partnership of players to actually map out East Biloxi, to figure out who is getting involved. Они сформировали партнерство, разноплановое партнерство игроков, чтобы фактически наметить Восточный Билокси, чтобы выяснить, кто вмешивается. We’ve had 1,500 volunteers rebuilding, rehabbing homes. We hebben 1.500 vrijwilligers gehad die huizen hebben herbouwd en gerehabiliteerd. У нас було 1500 волонтерів, які відбудовували та відновлювали будинки. Figuring out what FEMA regulations are, not waiting for them to dictate to us how you should rebuild. З’ясовувати, що таке правила FEMA, а не чекати, поки вони продиктують нам, як вам слід перебудовувати. Working with residents, getting out -- them out of their homes, so they don’t get ill. This is what they’re cleaning up on their own. Designing housing. This house is going to go in, in a couple of weeks. This is a rehabbed home, done in four days. This is a utility room for a woman who is on a walker. Це підсобне приміщення для жінки, яка на ходунках. She’s 70 years old. This is what FEMA gave her. 600 bucks, happened two days ago. We put together very quickly a washroom. It’s built, it’s running and she just started a business today, where she’s washing other peoples clothes. Он построен, работает, и она только сегодня начала бизнес, где стирает одежду для других людей.

This is Shandra and the Calhouns. They’re photographers who have documented the Lower Ninth for the last 40 years. Они фотографы, которые зарегистрировали Нижнюю Девятую за последние 40 лет. That was their home, and these are the photographs they took. And we’re helping, working with them to create a new building. Projects we’ve done. Projects we’ve been a part of, support. Why don’t aid agencies do this? This is the U.N. tent. This is the new U.N. tent, just introduced this year. Quick to assemble. Швидко збирається. It’s got a flap, that’s the invention. У нього є клапан, це винахід. It took 20 years to design this and get it implemented in the field. I was 12 years old. There’s a problem here.

Luckily, we’re not alone. There are hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of architects and designers and inventors around the world that are getting involved in humanitarian work. More hemp houses -- it’s a theme in Japan apparently. Більше конопляних будинків - очевидно, це тема в Японії. I’m not sure what they’re smoking. This is a grip clip designed by somebody who said, all you need is some way to attach membrane structures to physical support beams. Це затискач, розроблений кимось, хто сказав, що все, що вам потрібно, це якийсь спосіб прикріпити мембранні структури до фізичних опорних балок. This guy, designed for NASA -- is now doing housing. I’m going to whip through this quickly, because I know I’ve got only a couple of minutes.

So this is all done in the last two years. I showed you something that took 20 years to do. And this is just a selection of things that got happened in -- that were built in the last couple of years. From Brazil to India, Mexico, Alabama, China, Israel, Palestine, Vietnam. The average age of a designer who gets involved in this project is 32 -- that’s how old I am. So it’s a young -- I just have to stop here, because Arup is in the room and this is the best-designed toilet in the world. Dus het is een jonge - ik moet hier gewoon stoppen, want Arup is in de kamer en dit is het best ontworpen toilet ter wereld. Так что это молодой - я просто должен остановиться здесь, потому что Аруп находится в комнате, и это самый лучший в мире туалет. If you’re ever, ever in India, go use this toilet.

(Laughter)

Chris Luebkeman will tell you why. I’m sure that’s how he wanted to spend the party, but -- but the future is not going to be the sky-scraping cities of New York, but this. Я впевнений, що саме так він хотів провести вечірку, але... але майбутнє буде не за хмарочосами Нью-Йорка, а за цим. And when you look at this, you see crisis. What I see is many, many inventors. One billion people live in abject poverty. Один мільярд людей живуть у жахливій бідності. We hear about them all the time. Four billion live in growing but fragile economies. Чотири мільярди живуть у зростаючих, але крихких економіках. One in seven live in unplanned settlements. If we do nothing about the housing crisis that’s about to happen, in 20 years, one in three people will live in an unplanned settlement or a refugee camp. Якщо ми нічого не зробимо з житловою кризою, яка ось-ось станеться, то через 20 років кожна третя людина житиме в незапланованому поселенні чи таборі для біженців. Look left, look right: one of you will be there. How do we improve the living standards of five billion people? With 10 million solutions.

So I wish to develop a community that actively embraces innovative and sustainable design to improve the living conditions for everyone. Тому я хочу розвивати спільноту, яка активно впроваджує інноваційний та екологічний дизайн, щоб покращити умови життя для кожного.

Chris Anderson: Wait a second. Wait a second. That’s your wish?

CS: That’s my wish.

CA: That’s his wish!

(Applause)

We started Architecture for Humanity with 700 dollars and a website. So Chris somehow decided to give me 100,000 dollars. So why not this many people? Open-source architecture is the way to go. You have a diverse community of participants -- and we’re not just talking about inventors and designers, but we’re talking about the funding model. My role is not as a designer; it’s a conduit between the design world and the humanitarian world. Моя роль полягає не в ролі дизайнера; це провідник між світом дизайну та гуманітарним світом. And what we need is something that replicates me globally, because I haven’t slept in seven years. І те, що нам потрібно, це те, що копіює мене в усьому світі, тому що я не спав сім років.

(Laughter)

Secondly, what will this thing be? Designers want to respond to issues of humanitarian crisis, but they don’t want some company in the West taking their idea and basically profiting from it. Дизайнеры хотят реагировать на проблемы гуманитарного кризиса, но не хотят, чтобы какая-то компания на Западе брала их идею и в основном извлекала из этого выгоду. Дизайнери хочуть реагувати на проблеми гуманітарної кризи, але вони не хочуть, щоб якась компанія на Заході взяла їхню ідею і, по суті, заробила на цьому. So Creative Commons has developed the developing nations license. Тому Creative Commons розробила ліцензію для країн, що розвиваються. And what that means that a designer can -- the Ceatemba project I showed was the first ever building to have a Creative Commons license on it. As soon as that is built, anyone in Africa or any developing nation can take the construction documents and replicate it for free.

(Applause)

So why not allow designers the opportunity to do this, but still protecting their rights, here? We want to have a community where you can upload ideas, and those ideas can be tested in earthquake, in flood, in all sorts of austere environments. Ми хочемо мати спільноту, куди ви можете завантажувати ідеї, і ці ідеї можна перевірити під час землетрусу, повені, у будь-яких суворих умовах. The reason that’s important is I don’t want to wait for the next Katrina to find out if my house works. That’s too late. We need to do it now. So doing that globally. And I want this whole thing to work multi-lingually. When you look at the face of an architect, most people think a gray-haired white guy. I don’t see that. I see the face of the world. So I want everyone from all over the planet, to be able to be a part of this design and development. The idea of needs-based competitions -- X-Prize for the other 98 percent, if you want to call it that.

We also want to look at ways of matchmaking and putting funding partners together. And the idea of integrating manufacturers -- fab labs in every country. И идея объединения производителей - потрясающие лаборатории в каждой стране. When I hear about the 100 dollar laptop and it’s going to educate every child, educate every designer in the world. Put one in every favela, every slum settlement, because you know what, innovation will happen. Поставте по одному в кожну фавелу, у кожне нетрі, бо знаєте що, інновації будуть. And I need to know that. It’s called the leap-back. We talk about leapfrog technologies. We hebben het over haasje-over-technologieën. I write with Worldchanging, and the one thing we’ve been talking about is, I learn more on the ground than I’ve ever learned here. So let’s take those ideas, adapt them and we can use them. These ideas are supposed to have adaptable, they’re allowed to be -- they should have the potential for evolution, they should be developed by every nation on the world and useful for every nation on the world. What will it take?

There should be a sheet. Має бути простирадло. I don’t have time to read this, because I’m going to be yanked off. Я не встигаю це читати, тому що мене витягнуть.

CA: Just leave it up there for a sec.

CS: Well, what will it take? You guys are smart. So it’s going to take a lot of computing power, because I want this to -- I want the idea that any laptop anywhere in the world can plug into the system and be able to not only participate in developing these designs, but utilize the designs. Так что для этого потребуется много вычислительной мощности, потому что я хочу этого - я хочу, чтобы идея, что любой ноутбук в любой точке мира мог подключиться к системе и иметь возможность не только участвовать в разработке этих конструкций, но и использовать конструкции , Тому для цього знадобиться велика обчислювальна потужність, тому що я хочу, щоб... я хочу ідею, що будь-який ноутбук у будь-якій точці світу можна підключити до системи та мати можливість не лише брати участь у розробці цих конструкцій, але й використовувати їх . Also, a process of reviewing the designs. I want every Arup engineer in the world to check and make sure that we’re doing stuff that’s standing, because those guys are the best in the world. Plug.

And so you know, I want these -- and I just should note, I have two laptops and one of them there, is there and that has 3000 designs on it. If I drop that laptop, what happens? So it’s important to have these proven ideas put up there, easy to use, easy to get ahold of. My mom once said, there’s nothing worse than being all mouth and no trousers. Meine Mutter hat einmal gesagt, dass es nichts Schlimmeres gibt, als eine große Klappe und keine Hose zu haben. Моя мама якось сказала, що немає нічого гіршого, ніж бути повним ротом і без штанів.

(Laughing)

I’m fed up of talking about making change. You only make it by doing it. We’ve changed FEMA guidelines. We’ve changed public policy. We’ve changed international response -- based on building things. So for me, it’s important that we create a real conduit for innovation, and that it’s free innovation. Тому для мене важливо, щоб ми створили справжній канал для інновацій, і щоб це були безкоштовні інновації. Think of free culture -- this is free innovation. Somebody said this a couple of years back. I will give points for those who know it, I think the man was maybe 25 years too early, so let’s do it.

Thank you.

(Applause)

http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/lang/eng/cameron_sinclair_on_open_source_architecture.html