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TED-ED, History through the eyes of the potato - Leo Bear-McGuinness

History through the eyes of the potato - Leo Bear-McGuinness

Baked or fried, boiled or roasted, as chips or fries. At some point in your life, you've probably eaten a potato. Delicious, for sure, but the fact is potatoes have played a much more significant role in our history than just that of the dietary staple we have come to know and love today.

Without the potato, our modern civilization might not exist at all ancient Peruvians were the first to cultivate the potato. Containing high levels of proteins and carbohydrates, as well as essential fats, vitamins and minerals, potatoes were the perfect food source to fuel a large Incan working class as they built and farmed their terraced fields, mined the Rocky Mountains, and created the sophisticated civilization of the great Incan Empire.

But considering how vital they were to the Incan people, when Spanish sailors returning from the Andes first brought potatoes to Europe, the spuds were duds. Europeans simply didn't want to eat what they considered dull and tasteless oddities from a strange new land, too closely related to the deadly nightshade plant belladonna for comfort. So instead of consuming them, they used potatoes as decorative garden plants.

More than 200 years would pass before the potato caught on as a major food source throughout Europe, though even then, it was predominantly eaten by the lower classes. However, beginning around 1750, and thanks at least in part to the wide availability of inexpensive and nutritious potatoes, European peasants with greater food security no longer found themselves at the mercy of the regularly occurring grain famines of the time, and so their populations steadily grew.

As a result, the British, Dutch and German Empires rose on the backs of the growing groups of farmers, laborers, and soldiers, thus lifting the West to its place of world dominion. However, not all European countries sprouted empires.

After the Irish adopted the potato, their population dramatically increased, as did their dependence on the tuber as a major food staple. But then disaster struck. From 1845 to 1852, potato blight disease ravaged the majority of Ireland's potato crop, leading to the Irish Potato Famine, one of the deadliest famines in world history. Over a million Irish citizens starved to death, and 2 million more left their homes behind.

But of course, this wasn't the end for the potato. The crop eventually recovered, and Europe's population, especially the working classes, continued to increase. Aided by the influx of Irish migrants, Europe now had a large, sustainable, and well-fed population who were capable of manning the emerging factories that would bring about our modern world via the Industrial Revolution. So it's almost impossible to imagine a world without the potato. Would the Industrial Revolution ever have happened? Would World War II have been lost by the Allies without this easy-to-grow crop that fed the Allied troops? Would it even have started? When you think about it like this, many major milestones in world history can all be at least partially attributed to the simple spud from the Peruvian hilltops.

History through the eyes of the potato - Leo Bear-McGuinness Geschichte mit den Augen der Kartoffel - Leo Bear-McGuinness History through the eyes of the potato - Leo Bear-McGuinness La historia a través de los ojos de la patata - Leo Bear-McGuinness ジャガイモから見た歴史 - レオ・ベア＝マクギネス 감자의 눈으로 본 역사 - 레오 베어-맥기네스 Istorija bulvės akimis - Leo Bear-McGuinness Historia oczami ziemniaka - Leo Bear-McGuinness A história pelos olhos da batata - Leo Bear-McGuinness История глазами картофеля - Лео Беар-МакГиннесс Patatesin gözünden tarih - Leo Bear-McGuinness 马铃薯眼中的历史 - Leo Bear-McGuinness 馬鈴薯眼中的歷史 - Leo Bear-McGuinness

Baked or fried, boiled or roasted, as chips or fries. Baked or fried, boiled or roasted, as chips or fries. Cuits au four ou frits, bouillis ou rôtis, comme les frites ou les chips. チップスやフライドポテトとして、焼いたり揚げたり、茹でたりローストしたりします。 At some point in your life, you've probably eaten a potato. 人生のある時点で、おそらくポテトを食べたことがあるでしょう。 Delicious, for sure, but the fact is potatoes have played a much more significant role in our history than just that of the dietary staple we have come to know and love today. 確かにおいしいですが、実際には、ジャガイモは、今日私たちが知り、愛するようになった食事の主食よりも、私たちの歴史においてはるかに重要な役割を果たしてきました.

Without the potato, our modern civilization might not exist at all ancient Peruvians were the first to cultivate the potato. Sans la pomme de terre, notre civilisation moderne n'existerait peut-être pas du tout. Les anciens Péruviens ont été les premiers à cultiver la pomme de terre. じゃがいもがなければ、私たちの現代文明はまったく存在しなかったかもしれません。古代のペルー人が最初にじゃがいもを栽培しました。 Containing high levels of proteins and carbohydrates, as well as essential fats, vitamins and minerals, potatoes were the perfect food source to fuel a large Incan working class as they built and farmed their terraced fields, mined the Rocky Mountains, and created the sophisticated civilization of the great Incan Empire. Contenant des niveaux élevés de protéines et d'hydrates de carbone, ainsi que des graisses essentielles, des vitamines et des minéraux, les pommes de terre étaient la source alimentaire parfaite pour alimenter une importante classe ouvrière inca qui construisait et cultivait ses champs en terrasses, exploitait les montagnes Rocheuses et créait la civilisation sophistiquée du grand empire inca. 高レベルのタンパク質と炭水化物、必須脂肪、ビタミン、ミネラルを含むジャガイモは、インカの大規模な労働者階級が段々畑を建設して農業を行い、ロッキー山脈で採掘し、洗練された文明を築いた際に燃料を供給するのに最適な食料源でした。大インカ帝国の。

But considering how vital they were to the Incan people, when Spanish sailors returning from the Andes first brought potatoes to Europe, the spuds were duds. Cependant, compte tenu de l'importance de la pomme de terre pour le peuple inca, lorsque les marins espagnols revenant des Andes l'ont apportée pour la première fois en Europe, elle n'était pas très bonne. しかし、ジャガイモがインカの人々にとってどれほど重要であったかを考えると、アンデスから戻ってきたスペインの船乗りが最初にジャガイモをヨーロッパに持ち込んだとき、スパッドは不発弾でした. Ancak İnka halkı için ne kadar hayati oldukları düşünüldüğünde, And Dağları'ndan dönen İspanyol denizciler Avrupa'ya ilk kez patates getirdiklerinde, patatesler fiyaskoydu. Europeans simply didn't want to eat what they considered dull and tasteless oddities from a strange new land, too closely related to the deadly nightshade plant belladonna for comfort. Les Européens ne voulaient tout simplement pas manger ce qu'ils considéraient comme des bizarreries fades et insipides provenant d'un nouveau pays étrange, trop proche de la belladone, une plante mortelle, pour être à l'aise. ヨーロッパ人は、見知らぬ新しい土地からの退屈で味のない奇妙なものを食べたくありませんでした. So instead of consuming them, they used potatoes as decorative garden plants.

More than 200 years would pass before the potato caught on as a major food source throughout Europe, though even then, it was predominantly eaten by the lower classes. じゃがいもがヨーロッパ中に主要な食料源として定着するまでに 200 年以上が経過しましたが、それでも主に下層階級によって食べられていました。 However, beginning around 1750, and thanks at least in part to the wide availability of inexpensive and nutritious potatoes, European peasants with greater food security no longer found themselves at the mercy of the regularly occurring grain famines of the time, and so their populations steadily grew. Cependant, à partir de 1750 environ, et grâce, du moins en partie, à la grande disponibilité de pommes de terre bon marché et nutritives, les paysans européens, bénéficiant d'une plus grande sécurité alimentaire, n'ont plus été à la merci des famines céréalières qui se produisaient régulièrement à l'époque, et leur population s'est donc accrue de façon constante. しかし、1750 年頃から、少なくとも部分的には安価で栄養価の高いジャガイモが広く入手できるようになったおかげで、食料の安全性がより高いヨーロッパの農民は、当時定期的に発生していた穀物飢饉に翻弄されることはなくなりました。成長した。

As a result, the British, Dutch and German Empires rose on the backs of the growing groups of farmers, laborers, and soldiers, thus lifting the West to its place of world dominion. En conséquence, les empires britannique, néerlandais et allemand se sont développés sur le dos des groupes croissants d'agriculteurs, d'ouvriers et de soldats, hissant ainsi l'Occident à la place qui est la sienne dans le monde. その結果、イギリス、オランダ、ドイツの帝国は、成長する農民、労働者、兵士のグループの後ろに台頭し、西側を世界支配の場所に引き上げました. However, not all European countries sprouted empires. Cependant, tous les pays européens n'ont pas donné naissance à des empires. しかし、すべてのヨーロッパ諸国が帝国を発芽させたわけではありません。

After the Irish adopted the potato, their population dramatically increased, as did their dependence on the tuber as a major food staple. Après l'adoption de la pomme de terre par les Irlandais, leur population a augmenté de façon spectaculaire, tout comme leur dépendance à l'égard de ce tubercule, qui constituait un aliment de base important. アイルランド人がじゃがいもを取り入れた後、彼らの人口は劇的に増加し、主食としての塊茎への依存度も高まりました. But then disaster struck. しかし、その後、災害が発生しました。 From 1845 to 1852, potato blight disease ravaged the majority of Ireland's potato crop, leading to the Irish Potato Famine, one of the deadliest famines in world history. From 1845 to 1852, potato blight disease ravaged the majority of Ireland's potato crop, leading to the Irish Potato Famine, one of the deadliest famines in world history. Over a million Irish citizens starved to death, and 2 million more left their homes behind. 100 万人以上のアイルランド市民が餓死し、さらに 200 万人が家を後にしました。

But of course, this wasn't the end for the potato. The crop eventually recovered, and Europe's population, especially the working classes, continued to increase. Aided by the influx of Irish migrants, Europe now had a large, sustainable, and well-fed population who were capable of manning the emerging factories that would bring about our modern world via the Industrial Revolution. アイルランド移民の流入に助けられて、ヨーロッパは現在、産業革命によって私たちの現代世界をもたらす新興工場に人員を配置することができる、持続可能で十分に栄養のある大規模な人口を持っていました. So it's almost impossible to imagine a world without the potato. Would the Industrial Revolution ever have happened? Would World War II have been lost by the Allies without this easy-to-grow crop that fed the Allied troops? La Seconde Guerre mondiale aurait-elle été perdue par les Alliés sans cette culture facile à cultiver qui a nourri les troupes alliées ? 連合軍の食糧となったこの育てやすい作物がなければ、連合国は第二次世界大戦に敗れたでしょうか? Would it even have started? Aurait-il même démarré ? When you think about it like this, many major milestones in world history can all be at least partially attributed to the simple spud from the Peruvian hilltops. Si l'on y réfléchit bien, de nombreuses étapes importantes de l'histoire mondiale peuvent être attribuées, au moins en partie, à la simple graine de maïs des collines péruviennes. このように考えると、世界史における多くの主要なマイルストーンはすべて、少なくとも部分的にはペルーの丘の上からの単純なスパッドに起因する可能性があります.